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Collar NJ, Kirwan GM. The generic position of the Nubian Bustard Neotis nuba (Cretzschmar, 1826) (Aves: Otididae). Zootaxa 2023; 5315:122-130. [PMID: 37518613 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The bustard genera Neotis and Ardeotis are generally considered to comprise four species each, but a 2002 molecular phylogeny found N. heuglinii interposed between two pairs of Ardeotis, with N. nuba basal to all seven others. In the absence of a new molecular study one approach to clarifying relationships in the Otididae is to examine the degree of difference in their self-advertisement displays (as performed solitarily, i.e., with no nearby conspecifics). In this regard N. nuba emerges as unique for possessing a strutting parade with its tail raised in a vertical fork, in complete contrast to the neck-inflation displays of other Neotis (which involve no use of the tail) and of all Ardeotis. The tail-fork in N. nuba, unknown in any other bustard, results from the outer rectrices being longer, stiffer and more pointed than the central ones. The species is also unique among bustards in its long broad sandy-rufous crown-stripe; and unlike all other Neotis the sexes are virtually alike in plumage. We consequently propose a new genus Nubotis for N. nuba. Furthermore, we suggest that confirmation of all components of the displays of N. heuglinii, N. denhami and N. ludwigii might precipitate a new genus for N. heuglinii. Fuller review of the distinctions between the Afrotropical A. arabs and A. kori on the one side and the non-Afrotropical A. nigriceps and A. australis on the other might also lead to the reinstatement of Austrotis for the latter two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Collar
- BirdLife International; The David Attenborough Building; Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ; UK. Bird Group; Natural History Museum; Akeman Street; Tring; Herts. HP23 6AP; UK. Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 South Lakeshore Drive; Chicago; IL 60605; USA..
| | - Guy M Kirwan
- BirdLife International; The David Attenborough Building; Pembroke Street; Cambridge CB2 3QZ; UK. Bird Group; Natural History Museum; Akeman Street; Tring; Herts. HP23 6AP; UK. Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 South Lakeshore Drive; Chicago; IL 60605; USA..
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2
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Geary M, Cooper JR, Collar NJ. Anthropogenic influences on habitat use by African houbaras Chlamydotis undulata on Lanzarote, Canary Islands. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Martin RW, Collar NJ, Fauzen P, Bashari H, Widyanto A, Tasirin JS, Marsden SJ. On the edge: habitat restoration priorities for three Critically Endangered bird species on Sangihe, Indonesia. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Martin
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Panji Fauzen
- Burung Indonesia, Jl. Dadali No. 32 Bogor 16161 Indonesia
| | - Hanom Bashari
- Forest Program III Sulawesi, Jl. M. Yamin No. 53, Palu Central Sulawesi 94111 Indonesia
| | - Adi Widyanto
- Burung Indonesia, Jl. Dadali No. 32 Bogor 16161 Indonesia
| | | | - Stuart J. Marsden
- School of Science and Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
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4
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Abstract
Translocation of captive-bred individuals to reinforce wild populations may be an important conservation approach for some species, but can be detrimental when employed to boost exploited wild populations, particularly where repeated long-term reinforcement aims to compensate for repeated unregulated offtake. We review evidence that captive breeding alters multiple physiological, life-history and temperamental traits through founder effects, genetic drift and unintended adaption to captivity; degrades learnt behaviours; and compromises biogeography, population structure and viability through introgression. We highlight these risks for the globally threatened African houbara Chlamydotis undulata and Asian houbara C. macqueenii, 2 bustard species hunted throughout much of their ranges and now subject to multiple large-scale captive-breeding programmes and translocations. In eastern Morocco, annual releases of captive-bred African houbara are 2‒3 times higher than original wild numbers, but no investigation of their potentially deleterious effects has, to our knowledge, been published, although most wild populations may now have been replaced by captive-bred domestic stock, which are reportedly not self-sustaining. Despite multiple decades of reinforcement, we are not aware of any analysis of the contribution of captive breeding to African houbara population dynamics, or of the genomic consequences. Asian houbara release programmes may also be promoting rather than preventing declines, and need to contextualise themselves through rigorous analyses of wild population numbers, demographic rates and threats, maintenance of phylogeographic concordance of released with supplemented populations, profiling of traits crucial to survival and the measurement and modelling of the impacts of reinforcement on physiological and behavioural fitness of wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- PM Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - RJ Burnside
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - KM Scotland
- Emirates Bird Breeding Centre for Conservation, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - NJ Collar
- BirdLife International, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
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Marshall H, Glorizky GA, Collar NJ, Lees AC, Moss A, Yuda P, Marsden SJ. Understanding motivations and attitudes among songbird‐keepers to identify best approaches to demand reduction. Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Marshall
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Rights Lab, Highfield House University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Gracia A. Glorizky
- Fakultas Teknobiologi, Kampus II Gedung Thomas Aquinas Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Alexander C. Lees
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - Pramana Yuda
- Fakultas Teknobiologi, Kampus II Gedung Thomas Aquinas Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Stuart J. Marsden
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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Devenish C, Lees AC, Collar NJ, Marsden SJ. Multi‐decadal land use impacts across the vast range of an iconic threatened species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Devenish
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Alexander C. Lees
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | | - Stuart J. Marsden
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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8
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Bladon AJ, Donald PF, Collar NJ, Denge J, Dadacha G, Wondafrash M, Green RE. Climatic change and extinction risk of two globally threatened Ethiopian endemic bird species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249633. [PMID: 34010302 PMCID: PMC8133463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is having profound effects on the distributions of species globally. Trait-based assessments predict that specialist and range-restricted species are among those most likely to be at risk of extinction from such changes. Understanding individual species’ responses to climate change is therefore critical for informing conservation planning. We use an established Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) protocol to describe the curious range-restriction of the globally threatened White-tailed Swallow (Hirundo megaensis) to a small area in southern Ethiopia. We find that, across a range of modelling approaches, the distribution of this species is well described by two climatic variables, maximum temperature and dry season precipitation. These same two variables have been previously found to limit the distribution of the unrelated but closely sympatric Ethiopian Bush-crow (Zavattariornis stresemanni). We project the future climatic suitability for both species under a range of climate scenarios and modelling approaches. Both species are at severe risk of extinction within the next half century, as the climate in 68–84% (for the swallow) and 90–100% (for the bush-crow) of their current ranges is predicted to become unsuitable. Intensive conservation measures, such as assisted migration and captive-breeding, may be the only options available to safeguard these two species. Their projected disappearance in the wild offers an opportunity to test the reliability of SDMs for predicting the fate of wild species. Monitoring future changes in the distribution and abundance of the bush-crow is particularly tractable because its nests are conspicuous and visible over large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bladon
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul F. Donald
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jarso Denge
- Borana National Park Authority, Yabello, Oromiya, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mengistu Wondafrash
- Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, Bole Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
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Marshall H, Collar NJ, Lees AC, Moss A, Yuda P, Marsden SJ. Characterizing bird‐keeping user‐groups on Java reveals distinct behaviours, profiles and potential for change. People and Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Marshall
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | | | - Alexander C. Lees
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Andrew Moss
- Cedar HouseChester ZooUpton‐by‐Chester Chester UK
| | - Pramana Yuda
- Fakultas Teknobiologi Kampus II Gedung Thomas Aquinas Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Stuart J. Marsden
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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Burnside RJ, Buchan C, Salliss D, Collar NJ, Dolman PM. Releases of Asian houbara must respect genetic and geographic origin to preserve inherited migration behaviour: evidence from a translocation experiment. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200250. [PMID: 32269827 PMCID: PMC7137974 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining appropriate migratory strategies is important in conservation; however, translocations of migratory animals may alter locally evolved migration behaviours of recipient populations if these are different and heritable. We used satellite telemetry and experimental translocation to quantify differences and assess heritability in migration behaviours between three migratory Asian houbara (Chlamydotis macqueenii) breeding populations (640 km range across eastern, central and western Uzbekistan). Adults from the eastern population migrated twice as far (mean = 1184 km ± 44 s.e.) as the western population (656 km ± 183 s.e.) and showed significantly less variation in migration distance than the central population (1030 km ± 127 s.e.). The western and central populations wintered significantly further north (mean: +8.32° N ± 1.70 s.e. and +4.19° N ± 1.16 s.e., respectively) and the central population further west (-3.47° E ± 1.46 s.e.) than individuals from the eastern population. These differences could arise from a differing innate drive, or through learnt facultative responses to topography, filtered by survival. Translocated birds from the eastern population (wild-laid and captive-reared, n = 5) migrated further than adults from either western or central recipient populations, particularly in their second migration year. Translocated birds continued migrating south past suitable wintering grounds used by the recipient populations despite having to negotiate mountain obstacles. Together, this suggests a considerable conserved heritable migratory component with local adaptation at a fine geographic scale. Surviving translocated individuals returned to their release site, suggesting that continued translocations would lead to introgression of the heritable component and risk altering recipient migration patterns. Conservation biologists considering translocation interventions for migratory populations should evaluate potential genetic components of migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Burnside
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
- Author for correspondence: Robert J. Burnside e-mail:
| | - Claire Buchan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Daniel Salliss
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
- BirdLife International, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Paul M. Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
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11
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Elliott A, Collar NJ, Bruce MD, Kirwan GM. The nomenclature of Lophorina (Aves: Paradisaeidae), with remarks on the type and type locality of L. superba. Zootaxa 2020; 4732:zootaxa.4732.1.2. [PMID: 32230271 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on molecular and morphological analyses, Irestedt et al. (2017) propose various taxonomic revisions for the genera Lophorina and Ptiloris (Paradisaeidae). Concerning Lophorina, which they recommend treating as three species rather than one, they hypothesize that the no longer extant type specimen of L. superba, heretofore believed to come from the Vogelkop in westernmost mainland New Guinea, in fact pertained to a different population (and different species, under their revised taxonomy), and they attempt to consolidate the nomenclatural repercussions of this by proposing a neotype for the name superba. However, the historical and specimen evidence fails to uphold their nomenclatural proposals, and the neotypification contains procedural errors. In particular, our examination of specimen material identifies nine points of conflict between what is clearly the most accurate contemporary illustration of the type and the plumage pattern and structure in the population to which Irestedt et al. assert it should be ascribed; we find not a single point in their favour. The only other relevant depiction of the type from the same period, while less accurate, also differs crucially from the population Irestedt et al. claim that it represents, especially in lacking black spots on the breast-shield. Furthermore, there is a strong historical rationale not only to believe that the type of superba was collected in the Vogelkop, as all contemporary commentators indicated, but also to regard the notion of tribespeople transporting it more than 600 km from its point of collection, as Irestedt et al. effectively suggest, as exceedingly unlikely. Consequently, with all this evidence against the proposed reidentification, the name L. s. superba should be maintained for populations of the Vogelkop, and the neotype designation rejected. The type locality reverts to the Vogelkop, but herein is further restricted to the Tamrau Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Elliott
- c/o Lynx Edicions, Montseny 8, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain..
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Burnside RJ, Collar NJ, Dolman PM. Dataset on the numbers and proportion of mortality attributable to hunting, trapping, and powerlines in wild and captive-bred migratory Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii. Data Brief 2018; 21:1848-1852. [PMID: 30519605 PMCID: PMC6260302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data shown in this article are the number and proportion of deaths attributable to hunting/trapping, powerline collisions and natural causes in migratory Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii originating from a breeding population in Uzbekistan. For wild adult and juvenile Asian houbara wintering in Central Asia during the period 2011–2018, 53.9% and 52.9%, respectively, of mortality was due to hunting/trapping, while in contrast most mortality in captive-bred released birds was natural with only 23.3% attributable to hunting/trapping. In winter, only one instance of powerline mortality was confirmed (6.0%). For wild adults, 23.0% of mortality during the summer was due to hunting/trapping, while 30.7% was due to powerline collisions. This data article is related to the publication “Captive breeding cannot sustain migratory Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii without hunting controls” (Dolman et al., 2018) where further interpretation of the population-level consequences of these mortality causes can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Burnside
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Nigel J Collar
- BirdLife International, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Paul M Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Valle
- Division of Biology & Conservation Ecology; School of Science & the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD U.K
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- BirdLife International; Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ U.K
| | - W. Edwin Harris
- Division of Biology & Conservation Ecology; School of Science & the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD U.K
| | - Stuart J. Marsden
- Division of Biology & Conservation Ecology; School of Science & the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD U.K
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14
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Kirwan GM, Collar NJ. The 'foremost ornithological mystery of Costa Rica': <i>Amazilia alfaroana</i> Underwood, 1896. Zootaxa 2016; 4189:zootaxa.4189.2.2. [PMID: 27988731 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The hummingbird Amazilia alfaroana is known from a single specimen, collected on the Volcán de Miravalles, in north-west Costa Rica, in September 1895. Since the early 20th century, the taxon has been almost always been treated as a subspecies of Indigo-capped Hummingbird A. cyanifrons, which is otherwise endemic to Colombia, although it has also been tentatively suggested that the holotype might represent a hybrid between two unnamed species of trochilids. Our detailed analysis of the specimen reveals species-level differences between A. alfaroana and A. cyanifrons, and no evidence of characters that might suggest a hybrid between two species known to occur in the relevant region. Until molecular techniques have been brought to bear, we believe that A. alfaroana is best treated as a possibly now extinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy M Kirwan
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA..
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15
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Mallari NAD, Collar NJ, McGowan PJK, Marsden SJ. Philippine protected areas are not meeting the biodiversity coverage and management effectiveness requirements of Aichi Target 11. Ambio 2016; 45:313-322. [PMID: 26666956 PMCID: PMC4815757 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity urges, inter alia, that nations protect at least 17 % of their land, and that protection is effective and targets areas of importance for biodiversity. Five years before reporting on Aichi targets is due, we assessed the Philippines' current protected area system for biodiversity coverage, appropriateness of management regimes and capacity to deliver protection. Although protected estate already covers 11 % of the Philippines' land area, 64 % of its key biodiversity areas (KBAs) remain unprotected. Few protected areas have appropriate management and governance infrastructures, funding streams, management plans and capacity, and a serious mismatch exists between protected area land zonation regimes and conservation needs of key species. For the Philippines to meet the biodiversity coverage and management effectiveness elements of Aichi Target 11, protected area and KBA boundaries should be aligned, management systems reformed to pursue biodiversity-led targets and effective management capacity created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Aldrin D Mallari
- Center for Conservation Innovations Philippines, #8 Foggy Heights Subdivision, San Jose, Tagaytay City, Cavite, 4120, Philippines.
| | - Nigel J Collar
- BirdLife International, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, UK.
- David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK.
| | - Philip J K McGowan
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Stuart J Marsden
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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Dolman PM, Collar NJ, Scotland KM, Burnside RJ. Ark or park: the need to predict relative effectiveness of
ex situ
and
in situ
conservation before attempting captive breeding. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- BirdLife International Girton Road Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Keith M. Scotland
- Emirates Bird Breeding Center for Conservation Level 1, Al Reem Complex PO Box 17817 Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert. J. Burnside
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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Spurgin LG, Wright DJ, van der Velde M, Collar NJ, Komdeur J, Burke T, Richardson DS. Museum DNA reveals the demographic history of the endangered Seychelles warbler. Evol Appl 2014; 7:1134-43. [PMID: 25553073 PMCID: PMC4231601 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of evolutionary conservation – how understanding evolutionary forces can help guide conservation decisions – is widely recognized. However, the historical demography of many endangered species is unknown, despite the fact that this can have important implications for contemporary ecological processes and for extinction risk. Here, we reconstruct the population history of the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis) – an ecological model species. By the 1960s, this species was on the brink of extinction, but its previous history is unknown. We used DNA samples from contemporary and museum specimens spanning 140 years to reconstruct bottleneck history. We found a 25% reduction in genetic diversity between museum and contemporary populations, and strong genetic structure. Simulations indicate that the Seychelles warbler was bottlenecked from a large population, with an ancestral Ne of several thousands falling to <50 within the last century. Such a rapid decline, due to anthropogenic factors, has important implications for extinction risk in the Seychelles warbler, and our results will inform conservation practices. Reconstructing the population history of this species also allows us to better understand patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding and promiscuity in the contemporary populations. Our approaches can be applied across species to test ecological hypotheses and inform conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, Norfolk, UK ; Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, Norfolk, UK ; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - Marco van der Velde
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel J Collar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, Norfolk, UK ; BirdLife International Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - David S Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, Norfolk, UK ; Nature Seychelles Roche Caiman, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles
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Wright DJ, Spurgin LG, Collar NJ, Komdeur J, Burke T, Richardson DS. The impact of translocations on neutral and functional genetic diversity within and among populations of the Seychelles warbler. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2165-77. [PMID: 24689851 PMCID: PMC4237152 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Translocations are an increasingly common tool in conservation. The maintenance of genetic diversity through translocation is critical for both the short- and long-term persistence of populations and species. However, the relative spatio-temporal impacts of translocations on neutral and functional genetic diversity, and how this affects genetic structure among the conserved populations overall, have received little investigation. We compared the impact of translocating different numbers of founders on both microsatellite and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I diversity over a 23-year period in the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). We found low and stable microsatellite and MHC diversity in the source population and evidence for only a limited loss of either type of diversity in the four new populations. However, we found evidence of significant, but low to moderate, genetic differentiation between populations, with those populations established with fewer founders clustering separately. Stochastic genetic capture (as opposed to subsequent drift) was the main determinant of translocated population diversity. Furthermore, a strong correlation between microsatellite and MHC differentiation suggested that neutral processes outweighed selection in shaping MHC diversity in the new populations. These data provide important insights into how to optimize the use of translocation as a conservation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Wright HL, Collar NJ, Lake IR, Norin N, Vann R, Ko S, Phearun S, Dolman PM. Experimental test of a conservation intervention for a highly threatened waterbird. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh L. Wright
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Collar
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Girton Road Cambridge CB3 0NA United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Iain R. Lake
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Net Norin
- BirdLife International Cambodia Programme (BirdLife); #9, Street 29, Sangkat Tonle Basac Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Rours Vann
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Cambodia Program; #21, Street 21, Sangkat Tonle Basac Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Sok Ko
- WWF-Cambodia (WWF); #21, Street 322, Sangkat Boeung Keng Kang I Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Sum Phearun
- BirdLife International Cambodia Programme; #9, Street 29, Sangkat Tonle Basac Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia
- People Resources and Conservation Foundation (PRCF); Banlung Ratanakiri Cambodia
| | - Paul M. Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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Gonzalez JCT, Sheldon BC, Collar NJ, Tobias JA. Corrigendum to “A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)” [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 67 (2013) 468–483]. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mallari NAD, Collar NJ, McGowan PJK, Marsden SJ. Science-driven management of protected areas: a Philippine case study. Environ Manage 2013; 51:1236-1246. [PMID: 23640696 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of scientific baseline information hinders appropriate design and management of protected areas. To illustrate the value of science to management, we consider five scenarios for the 202.0 km² Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Philippines: (1) closure to human activities, (2) and (3) two levels of increase in unplanned human activities, (4) creation of a forest corridor and (5) additional allocation of land for permanent or shifting agriculture. We then use habitat-specific bird density estimates to simulate the net effect of each scenario on 18 focal bird populations. Closure has significant benefits-populations of five species are predicted to increase by >50 % and nine by >25 %, but two secondary forest flycatchers, including the endemic and 'Vulnerable' Palawan flycatcher, decline dramatically, while the creation of a 4.0 km² forest corridor yields average increases across species of 2 ± 4 % (SD). In contrast, heavier unplanned park usage produces declines in all but a few species, while the negative effects of an extra 2.0 km² of shifting cultivation are 3-5 times higher than for a similar area of permanent agriculture and affect species whose densities are highest in primary habitats. Relatively small changes within the park, especially those associated with agricultural expansion, has serious predicted implications for local bird populations. Our models do not take into account the full complexities of bird ecology at a site, but they do provide park managers with an evidence base from which to make better decisions relating to biodiversity conservation obligations which their parks are intended to meet.
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Packman CE, Gray TNE, Collar NJ, Evans TD, Van Zalinge RN, Virak S, Lovett AA, Dolman PM. Rapid loss of Cambodia's grasslands. Conserv Biol 2013; 27:245-247. [PMID: 23521667 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Gonzalez JCT, Sheldon BC, Collar NJ, Tobias JA. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 67:468-83. [PMID: 23438388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hornbills comprise a group of morphologically and behaviorally distinct Palaeotropical bird species that feature prominently in studies of ecology and conservation biology. Although the monophyly of hornbills is well established, previous phylogenetic hypotheses were based solely on mtDNA and limited sampling of species diversity. We used parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods to reconstruct relationships among all 61 extant hornbill species, based on nuclear and mtDNA gene sequences extracted largely from historical samples. The resulting phylogenetic trees closely match vocal variation across the family but conflict with current taxonomic treatments. In particular, they highlight a new arrangement for the six major clades of hornbills and reveal that three groups traditionally treated as genera (Tockus, Aceros, Penelopides) are non-monophyletic. In addition, two other genera (Anthracoceros, Ocyceros) were non-monophyletic in the mtDNA gene tree. Our findings resolve some longstanding problems in hornbill systematics, including the placement of 'Penelopides exharatus' (embedded in Aceros) and 'Tockus hartlaubi' (sister to Tropicranus albocristatus). We also confirm that an Asiatic lineage (Berenicornis) is sister to a trio of Afrotropical genera (Tropicranus [including 'Tockus hartlaubi'], Ceratogymna, Bycanistes). We present a summary phylogeny as a robust basis for further studies of hornbill ecology, evolution and historical biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos T Gonzalez
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute for Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul M. Dolman
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich; NR4 7TJ; UK
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Collar NJ, Butchart SHM, Brooks TM, Mittermeier RA, Stuart SN. Biodiversity: Blessing Not Blunder. Bioscience 2011. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hoffmann M, Hilton-Taylor C, Angulo A, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Butchart SHM, Carpenter KE, Chanson J, Collen B, Cox NA, Darwall WRT, Dulvy NK, Harrison LR, Katariya V, Pollock CM, Quader S, Richman NI, Rodrigues ASL, Tognelli MF, Vié JC, Aguiar JM, Allen DJ, Allen GR, Amori G, Ananjeva NB, Andreone F, Andrew P, Aquino Ortiz AL, Baillie JEM, Baldi R, Bell BD, Biju SD, Bird JP, Black-Decima P, Blanc JJ, Bolaños F, Bolivar-G W, Burfield IJ, Burton JA, Capper DR, Castro F, Catullo G, Cavanagh RD, Channing A, Chao NL, Chenery AM, Chiozza F, Clausnitzer V, Collar NJ, Collett LC, Collette BB, Cortez Fernandez CF, Craig MT, Crosby MJ, Cumberlidge N, Cuttelod A, Derocher AE, Diesmos AC, Donaldson JS, Duckworth JW, Dutson G, Dutta SK, Emslie RH, Farjon A, Fowler S, Freyhof J, Garshelis DL, Gerlach J, Gower DJ, Grant TD, Hammerson GA, Harris RB, Heaney LR, Hedges SB, Hero JM, Hughes B, Hussain SA, Icochea M J, Inger RF, Ishii N, Iskandar DT, Jenkins RKB, Kaneko Y, Kottelat M, Kovacs KM, Kuzmin SL, La Marca E, Lamoreux JF, Lau MWN, Lavilla EO, Leus K, Lewison RL, Lichtenstein G, Livingstone SR, Lukoschek V, Mallon DP, McGowan PJK, McIvor A, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Muñoz Alonso A, Musick JA, Nowell K, Nussbaum RA, Olech W, Orlov NL, Papenfuss TJ, Parra-Olea G, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pourkazemi M, Racey PA, Ragle JS, Ram M, Rathbun G, Reynolds RP, Rhodin AGJ, Richards SJ, Rodríguez LO, Ron SR, Rondinini C, Rylands AB, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y, Sanciangco JC, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Schipper J, Self-Sullivan C, Shi Y, Shoemaker A, Short FT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Silvano DL, Smith KG, Smith AT, Snoeks J, Stattersfield AJ, Symes AJ, Taber AB, Talukdar BK, Temple HJ, Timmins R, Tobias JA, Tsytsulina K, Tweddle D, Ubeda C, Valenti SV, van Dijk PP, Veiga LM, Veloso A, Wege DC, Wilkinson M, Williamson EA, Xie F, Young BE, Akçakaya HR, Bennun L, Blackburn TM, Boitani L, Dublin HT, da Fonseca GAB, Gascon C, Lacher TE, Mace GM, Mainka SA, McNeely JA, Mittermeier RA, Reid GM, Rodriguez JP, Rosenberg AA, Samways MJ, Smart J, Stein BA, Stuart SN. The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates. Science 2010; 330:1503-9. [PMID: 20978281 DOI: 10.1126/science.1194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
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Gray TNE, Borey R, Hout SK, Chamnan H, Collar NJ, Dolman PM. Generality of models that predict the distribution of species: conservation activity and reduction of model transferability for a threatened bustard. Conserv Biol 2009; 23:433-439. [PMID: 19016820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Predictive models can help clarify the distribution of poorly known species but should display strong transferability when applied to independent data. Nevertheless, model transferability for threatened tropical species is poorly studied. We built models predicting the incidence of the critically endangered Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) within the Tonle Sap (TLS) floodplain, Cambodia. Separate models were constructed with soil, land-use, and landscape data and species incidence sampled over the entire floodplain (12,000 km(2)) and from the Kompong Thom (KT) province (4000 km(2)). In each case, the probability of Bengal Florican presence within randomly selected 1 x 1 km squares was modeled by binary logistic regression with multimodel inference. We assessed the transferability of the KT model by comparing predictions with observed incidence elsewhere in the floodplain. In terms of standard model-validation statistics, the KT model showed good spatial transferability. Nevertheless, it overpredicted florican presence outside the KT calibration region, classifying 491 km(2) as suitable habitat compared with 237 km(2) predicted as suitable by the TLS model. This resulted from higher species incidence within the calibration region, probably owing to a program of conservation education and enforcement that has reduced persecution there. Because both research and conservation activity frequently focus on areas with higher density, such effects could be widespread, reducing transferability of predictive distribution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N E Gray
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Mace GM, Collar NJ, Gaston KJ, Hilton-Taylor C, Akçakaya HR, Leader-Williams N, Milner-Gulland EJ, Stuart SN. Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN's system for classifying threatened species. Conserv Biol 2008; 22:1424-1442. [PMID: 18847444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species was increasingly used during the 1980s to assess the conservation status of species for policy and planning purposes. This use stimulated the development of a new set of quantitative criteria for listing species in the categories of threat: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. These criteria, which were intended to be applicable to all species except microorganisms, were part of a broader system for classifying threatened species and were fully implemented by IUCN in 2000. The system and the criteria have been widely used by conservation practitioners and scientists and now underpin one indicator being used to assess the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 biodiversity target. We describe the process and the technical background to the IUCN Red List system. The criteria refer to fundamental biological processes underlying population decline and extinction. But given major differences between species, the threatening processes affecting them, and the paucity of knowledge relating to most species, the IUCN system had to be both broad and flexible to be applicable to the majority of described species. The system was designed to measure the symptoms of extinction risk, and uses 5 independent criteria relating to aspects of population loss and decline of range size. A species is assigned to a threat category if it meets the quantitative threshold for at least one criterion. The criteria and the accompanying rules and guidelines used by IUCN are intended to increase the consistency, transparency, and validity of its categorization system, but it necessitates some compromises that affect the applicability of the system and the species lists that result. In particular, choices were made over the assessment of uncertainty, poorly known species, depleted species, population decline, restricted ranges, and rarity; all of these affect the way red lists should be viewed and used. Processes related to priority setting and the development of national red lists need to take account of some assumptions in the formulation of the criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Population Biology and Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
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Lamoreux J, Resit Akçakaya H, Bennun L, Collar NJ, Boitani L, Brackett D, Bräutigam A, Brooks TM, da Fonseca GA, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Gärdenfors U, Hilton-Taylor C, Mace G, Stein BA, Stuart S. Value of the IUCN Red List. Trends Ecol Evol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hilton-Taylor C, Mace GM, Capper DR, Collar NJ, Stuart SN, Bibby CJ, Pollock C, Thomsen JB. Assessment mismatches must be sorted out: they leave species at risk. Nature 2000; 404:541. [PMID: 10766211 DOI: 10.1038/35007238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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