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Spurr S, Burles M, Hyslop S, Bally J, Bullin C, Froehlich Chow A, Tootoosis H, Oosman S. Preventing type 2 diabetes among Indigenous youth: A systematic review of community-based interventions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2320449. [PMID: 38412067 PMCID: PMC10901188 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2320449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to assess evidence on effectiveness of community-based interventions promoting wellbeing and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous youth. A convergent, segregated, mixed methods approach was used, with six databases and four grey literature sites searched from inception to May 2022. Articles selected for inclusion were about community-based interventions related to T2D prevention with Indigenous youth that evaluated effectiveness or youth experience published in English. Reference lists were also searched for relevant sources. Seven quantitative research articles met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. No qualitative articles were identified. The results were synthesised through narrative analysis, while meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogenous study designs. Common foci across interventions included promoting physical wellness, improving physical activity and healthy eating patterns, enhancing knowledge, and psychosocial wellness. Interventions deemed effective addressed multiple areas, were school-based, and operated for at least a year. Findings support multi-strategy, community-based interventions implemented over longer periods of time. However, gaps in research and reporting included the extent to which interventions are culturally informed and based on community-driven priorities. Future research should include Indigenous, mixed and qualitative methods and Indigenous-driven measures of success to better understand effectiveness in alignment with Indigenous worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meridith Burles
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carol Bullin
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amanda Froehlich Chow
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Helen Tootoosis
- Indigenous Liaison Advisor for Saskatchewan, Statistics Canada, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah Oosman
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Bally JMG, Spurr S, Hyslop S, Hodgson-Viden H, McNair ED. Using an interprofessional competency framework to enhance collaborative pediatric nursing education and practice. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:147. [PMID: 35689225 PMCID: PMC9185980 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interprofessional education (IPE) provides healthcare students with the knowledge and skills necessary to provide safe and effective collaborative care in a variety of clinical settings. Inclusion of IPE in nursing curricula is required for program accreditation in Canada; a variety of learning strategies at varied levels are used to meet this requirement. As this formal requirement only occurred over the last decade, development, facilitation, and evaluation of IPE interventions are ongoing. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine if exposure to an introductory IPE activity influenced third-year undergraduate nursing students’ perceived ability to practice competent interprofessional collaboration (IPC). Methods The introductory IPE activity included ten-hours of interactive lectures and related case studies, grounded in the National Interprofessional Competency Framework, delivered by various healthcare professionals in a third-year nursing theory and clinical course. Following completion of the courses, quantitative data were collected via the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS) which was used to evaluate nursing students’ change in competencies for IPC. Frequencies, percentages, and means were used to analyze the demographic data, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the internal reliability of the ICCAS, and paired t-tests were conducted to measure the difference from pre- to post-participation for all 20 items and 6 subscales of the ICCAS. Results Study participants (n = 111) completed the ICCAS at the end of the courses to measure change in six competencies. The survey results indicated improvements in all competencies following the IPE activity. Conclusions The significant findings demonstrate that exposure to introductory IPE activities, involving nursing students and other healthcare professionals, hold promise for enhancing IPC in pediatric clinical settings. These findings can be used to inform the development of formal IPE interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M G Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Heather Hodgson-Viden
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Erick D McNair
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Spurr S, Bally J, Mcharo SK, Hyslop S. Beyond "Watching the Sweets": An interpretive description of adolescent's understandings and insights into preventing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12351. [PMID: 34080280 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents' experiences and knowledge of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify appropriate T2D education and prevention interventions for this population. DESIGN AND METHODS This interpretive description study was conducted at two urban high schools in midwestern Canada. Participants had been previously screened and considered at high risk for T2D, prediabetes, or as having T2D. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents between the age of 14-19 years meeting these criteria. Thematic analysis was completed using interview transcripts. RESULTS Themes and subthemes identified included (1) Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Too Many Sweets (Mostly Diet but Insulin Does Play a Role, and A Serious but Common Disease); (2) Who Holds the Power? (Personal Responsibility for Health, Family as Role Models, and Community Connections); and (3) Bringing Home the Message (Our Considerations for Schools, I need the Expert's Support, and Using Technology to Get the Points Across). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings from this study provide target areas for education and prevention interventions and approaches for working with adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Solomon K Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Best S, Hess J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Kersbergen A, Hyslop S, Rautela J, Huntington N, Sutherland K. MA13.04 Harnessing Natural Killer Cells to Treat Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Baggott C, Dix D, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Orsey AD, Portwine C, Price V, Vanan M, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Feeling scared or worried self-report in children receiving cancer treatments using the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi). Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:3137-3144. [PMID: 33067767 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to describe reports of bother for feeling scared or worried among children with cancer and pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, and to identify factors associated with it. METHODS We included children receiving cancer treatments who were 8-18 years of age. Three patient types were enrolled: inpatients receiving active cancer treatment, outpatients receiving maintenance acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy, and outpatients in survivorship. Amount of bother due to feeling scared or worried yesterday or today was self-reported using the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) on a 0-4 scale. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 502 children included, 225 (45.0%) reported any degree of bother (score ≥ 1) and 29 (5.8%) reported severe bother (score ≥ 3) for feeling scared or worried. In multiple regression evaluating any bother, boys were less likely to be bothered (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.87) and inpatients receiving active cancer treatment were more likely to be bothered compared to outpatients in survivorship (OR 3.58, 95% CI 2.00-6.52). The only factor associated with being severely bothered by feeling scared or worried was clinic visit or admission due to fever (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.24-13.60). DISCUSSION We found 45% of children receiving cancer treatments reported being bothered by feeling scared or worried. Girls and inpatients receiving active treatment experienced more bother of any degree, while visiting the hospital due to fever was associated with being severely bothered. Future work should identify interventions to prevent or alleviate this symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Hyslop
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Deborah Tomlinson
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christina Baggott
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University Cancer Clinical Trials Office, 800 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - David Dix
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street Room B315, Vancouver, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Paul Gibson
- Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andrea D Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Carol Portwine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Vicky Price
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Magimairajan Vanan
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Departments of Pediatrics & Child Health and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer (OPACC), 99 Citation Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M2K 1S9, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Hyslop S, Davis H, Duong N, Loves R, Schechter T, Tomlinson D, Tomlinson GA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Symptom documentation and intervention provision for symptom control in children receiving cancer treatments. Eur J Cancer 2019; 109:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stein E, Rayar M, Krishnadev U, Gupta A, Hyslop S, Plenert E, Schechter-Finkelstein T, Sung L. A feasibility study examining the impact of yoga on psychosocial health and symptoms in pediatric outpatients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3769-3776. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cook S, Vettese E, Soman D, Hyslop S, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Davis H, Duong N, Ou Wai S, Golabek R, Golabek P, Antoszek-Rallo A, Schechter T, Lee Dupuis L, Sung L. Initial development of Supportive care Assessment, Prioritization and Recommendations for Kids (SPARK), a symptom screening and management application. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30630480 PMCID: PMC6327501 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed Supportive care Prioritization, Assessment and Recommendations for Kids (SPARK), a web-based application designed to facilitate symptom screening by children receiving cancer treatments and access to supportive care clinical practice guidelines primarily by healthcare providers. The objective was to describe the initial development and evaluation of SPARK from the perspective of children. Implementation Development and evaluation occurred in three phases: (1) low fidelity focused on functionality, (2) design focused on “look and feel” and (3) high fidelity confirmed functionality and design. Cognitive interviews were conducted with children receiving cancer treatments 8–18 years of age. Evaluation occurred after every five interviews and changes were guided by a Review Panel. Quantitative evaluation included SPARK ease of use and understandability of SPARK reports. Results The number of children included by phase were: low fidelity (n = 30), design (n = 30) and high fidelity (n = 30). Across phases, the median age was 13.2 (range 8.5 to 18.4) years. During low-fidelity and design phases, iterative refinements to SPARK improved website navigation, usability and likability from the perspective of children and established symptom report design. Among the last 10 children enrolled to high-fidelity testing, all (100%) understood how to complete symptom screening, access reports and interpret reports. Among these 10 respondents, all (100%) found SPARK easy to use and 9 (90%) found SPARK reports were easy to understand. Conclusions SPARK is a web-based application which is usable and understandable, and it is now appropriate to use for research. Future efforts will focus on clinical implementation of SPARK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Cook
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emily Vettese
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dilip Soman
- Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, 105 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer (OPACC), 99 Citation Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M2K 1S9, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hailey Davis
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Nathan Duong
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Stacee Ou Wai
- Translucent Computing, 1 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5E 1E5, Canada
| | - Robert Golabek
- Translucent Computing, 1 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5E 1E5, Canada
| | - Patryk Golabek
- Translucent Computing, 1 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5E 1E5, Canada
| | - Adam Antoszek-Rallo
- Catalyst Workshop Inc, 192 Spadina Avenue, Suite 108, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2C2, Canada
| | - Tal Schechter
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Hyslop S, Sung L, Stein E, Dupuis L, Spiegler B, Vettese E, Tomlinson D. Identifying symptoms using the drawings of 4–7 year olds with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2018; 36:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hyslop S, Dupuis LL, Baggott C, Dix D, Gibson P, Kuczynski S, Johnston DL, Orsey A, Portwine C, Price V, Spiegler B, Tomlinson D, Vanan M, Tomlinson GA, Sung L. Validation of the Proxy Version of Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool in Children Receiving Cancer Treatments. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 56:107-112. [PMID: 29630923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary objectives were to evaluate the interrater reliability and validity of proxy-report Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) in children with cancer and pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Secondary objective was to describe the interrater reliability of each SSPedi item. METHODS Respondents were children aged eight to 18 years with cancer or HSCT recipients, and their parents or guardians. We enrolled two pediatric respondent groups. The more symptomatic group was receiving active treatment for cancer, admitted to hospital, and expected to be in a hospital three days later. The less symptomatic group either was in maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or had completed cancer treatments. Convergent validity was evaluated by comparing proxy-reported mucositis, nausea and vomiting, pain, and total SSPedi scores, with child self-reported validated scales, and we hypothesized fair correlations. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing proxy-reported total SSPedi scores between groups. Interrater reliability of each SSPedi item was evaluated. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-nine child and parent or guardian pairs were recruited. Mean difference in proxy-reported SSPedi scores between the more and less symptomatic groups was 8.2, 95% CI 6.6-9.8. All hypothesized relationships among measures were observed. Intraclass correlation coefficients for SSPedi items ranged from 0.34 (problems with thinking) to 0.80 (diarrhea). CONCLUSION Proxy-report SSPedi is reliable and valid in children aged 8 years to 18 years with cancer and HSCT recipients. Future work should support proxy-reported symptom assessment in clinical settings where children are not able to self-report or communicate bothersome symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Hyslop
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Baggott
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University Cancer Clinical Trials Office, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David Dix
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul Gibson
- Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer (OPACC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carol Portwine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky Price
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Tomlinson
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magimairajan Vanan
- Departments of Pediatrics & Child Health and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Dupuis LL, Johnston DL, Baggott C, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Gibson P, Orsey A, Dix D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Sung L. Validation of the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool in Children Receiving Cancer Treatments. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:661-668. [PMID: 29272441 PMCID: PMC6005103 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the self-report Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) from the perspective of children with cancer and pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Methods In this multicenter study, respondents were children age eight to 18 years who had cancer or had received HSCT, and their parents. Two different child respondent populations were targeted. More symptomatic respondents were receiving active treatment for cancer, admitted to the hospital, and expected to be in the hospital three days later. Less symptomatic respondents were in maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or had completed cancer therapy. Children completed SSPedi and then responded to validated self-report measures of mucositis, nausea, pain, and global quality of life. Children in the more symptomatic group repeated SSPedi and a global symptom change scale three days later. Parent proxy-report was optional. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlations while convergent validity was evaluated using Spearman correlations. Results Of 502 children enrolled, 302 were in the more symptomatic group and 200 were in the less symptomatic group. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 0.92) for test-retest reliability and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.71 to 0.80) for inter-rater reliability. The mean difference in SSPedi scores between more and less symptomatic groups was 7.8 (95% CI = 6.4 to 9.2). SSPedi was responsive to change in global symptoms. All hypothesized relationships among measures were observed. Conclusions SSPedi is a self-report symptom bother tool for children with cancer and HSCT recipients that is reliable, valid, and responsive to change. SSPedi can be used for clinical and research purposes. Future work should focus on integration into care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Dupuis
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Baggott
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University Cancer Clinical Trials Office, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Tomlinson
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Gibson
- Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT
| | - David Dix
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vicky Price
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Magimairajan Vanan
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer (OPACC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Johnston DL, Hyslop S, Tomlinson D, Baggott C, Gibson P, Orsey A, Dix D, Price V, Vanan M, Portwine C, Kuczynski S, Spiegler B, Tomlinson GA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Describing symptoms using the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool in hospitalized children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1750-1755. [PMID: 29573197 PMCID: PMC5943541 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to describe any bothersome symptom and severely bothersome symptoms in inpatient children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We included children 8–18 years of age with cancer or HSCT recipients who were receiving active treatment for cancer, admitted to hospital, and expected to be in hospital 3 days later. We administered the self‐report Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi). We described those who identified any degree of symptom bother (at least “a little”) and those who rated the degree of bother as severe (“a lot” or “extremely”). Factors associated with severe symptoms and total SSPedi scores were examined using multiple logistic and linear regression. Among the 302 patients, 298 (98.7%) reported having any bothersome symptom and 181 (59.9%) had at least one severely bothersome symptom. In multiple regression, older children were significantly more likely to have at least one severely bothersome symptom (15–18 and 11–14 years vs. 8–10 years; P = 0.008) and to have higher total SSPedi scores (P = 0.0003). Those with relapsed disease were more likely to have at least one severely bothersome symptom (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.3; P = 0.037) and HSCT recipients were more likely to have higher symptom scores (β = 3.48, standard error = 1.6; P = 0.030). Almost all children receiving cancer therapies experience bothersome symptoms and 60% have at least one severely bothersome symptom. Older children experienced more severely bothersome symptoms and higher symptom scores. Future studies should follow children longitudinally to better understand the symptom trajectory and should institute interventions to manage symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Deborah Tomlinson
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christina Baggott
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University Cancer Clinical Trials Office, 800 Welch Road, MC 5757, Palo Alto, California, 94305
| | - Paul Gibson
- Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Andrea Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, Connecticut, 06106
| | - David Dix
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street Room B315, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Vicky Price
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Magimairajan Vanan
- Departments of Pediatrics & Child Health and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer (OPACC), 99 Citation Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M2K 1S9, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Laura Lee Dupuis
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Tomlinson D, Tigelaar L, Hyslop S, Lazor T, Dupuis LL, Griener K, Oliveria J, Sung L. Self-report of symptoms in children with cancer younger than 8 years of age: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:2663-2670. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Costa SKP, Hyslop S, Malcangio M, Docherty RJ, Brain SD. Activation of 5-HT4 receptors causes neurogenic inflammation in the cutaneous microvasculature. Inflamm Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03354217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bucaretchi F, De Capitani EM, Hyslop S, Mello SM, Fernandes CB, Bergo F, Nascimento FBP. Compartment syndrome after South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 52:639-41. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.913177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bucaretchi F, De Capitani EM, Branco MM, Fernandes LCR, Hyslop S. Coagulopathy as the main systemic manifestation after envenoming by a juvenile South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus): case report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2013; 51:505-8. [PMID: 23713821 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2013.802796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rattlesnake bites in Brazil are generally caused by adult individuals, with most of the envenomed patients showing systemic manifestations that include varying degrees of neurotoxicity (acute myasthenia), rhabdomyolysis and coagulopathy, with only mild or no local manifestations. We report a case of envenoming by a juvenile South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) that involved coagulopathy as the main systemic manifestation. CASE DETAILS A 19-year-old male was admitted to our Emergency Department with coagulopathy (incoagulable PT, APTT and INR), no remarkable local manifestations and no signs/symptoms of myasthenia or rhabdomyolysis (serum CK, LDH, ALT and AST within reference levels) 5 days after being bitten by a small snake that was described as a rattlesnake but was not brought for identification at admission. The patient had already been treated in another Emergency Department with i.v. bothropic antivenom (AV) 1 h and 4 days post-bite. Based on the possibility of an unusual rattlesnake bite, crotalic AV was administered i.v., which improved the coagulation (9 h post-CroAV, INR = 2.11; 36 h post-CroAV, INR = 1.42). During hospitalization, relatives brought the snake that caused the bite, which was identified as a 38-cm long C. d. terrificus. DISCUSSION Little is known about the clinical manifestations after bites by juvenile C. d. terrificus. This case shows that systemic envenoming by juvenile C. d. terrificus may result in coagulopathy as the main systemic manifestation, without neuromyotoxic features normally associated with bites by adult specimens. Despite the delayed administration, crotalic AV was effective in improving the blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bucaretchi
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Ponce-Soto LA, Barros JC, Marangoni S, Hernandez S, Dal Belo CA, Corrado AP, Hyslop S, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Neuromuscular activity of BaTX, a presynaptic basic PLA2 isolated from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:291-7. [PMID: 19463969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously isolated a Lys49 phospholipase A(2) homolog (BaTX) from Bothrops alternatus snake venom using a combination of molecular exclusion chromatography and reverse phase HPLC and shown its ability to cause neuromuscular blockade. In this work, we describe a one-step procedure for the purification of this toxin and provide further details of its neuromuscular activity. The toxin was purified by reverse phase HPLC and its purity and molecular mass were confirmed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequencing. BaTX (0.007-1.4 microM) produced time-dependent, irreversible neuromuscular blockade in isolated mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm and chick biventer cervicis preparations (time to 50% blockade with 0.35 microM toxin: 58+/-4 and 24+/-1 min, respectively; n=3-8; mean+/-S.E.) without significantly affecting the response to direct muscle stimulation. In chick preparations, contractures to exogenous acetylcholine (55 and 110 microM) or KCl (13.4 mM) were unaltered after complete blockade by all toxin concentrations. These results, which strongly suggested a presynaptic mechanism of action for this toxin, were reinforced by (1) the inability of BaTX to interfere with the carbachol-induced depolarization of the resting membrane, (2) a significant decrease in the frequency and amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials, and (3) a significant reduction (59+/-4%, n=12) in the quantal content of the end-plate potentials after a 60 min incubation with the toxin (1.4 microM). In addition, a decrease in the organ bath temperature from 37 degrees C to 24 degrees C and/or the replacement of calcium with strontium prevented the neuromuscular blockade, indicating a temperature-dependent effect possibly mediated by enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ponce-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , CP 6111, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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França RF, Vieira RP, Ferrari EF, Souza RA, Osorio RAL, Prianti-Jr ACG, Hyslop S, Zamuner SR, Cogo JC, Ribeiro W. Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992009000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Martins LJ, de Araújo PMF, Bon C, Hyslop S, de Araújo AL. In vitro hemolytic activity of Bothrops lanceolatus (fer-de-lance) venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992009000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bucaretchi F, Hyslop S, Mello SM, Vieira RJ. Bothrops snakebite on the head: case report and review of the literature. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 101:733-43. [PMID: 18028735 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x241370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A previously healthy, 21-year-old female was admitted 5 h after being bitten in the occipital region by a pitviper presumed to be Bothrops jararaca. Physical examination revealed marked cranial and facial oedema extending to the neck and dorsum, bilateral eyelid ecchymosis, and local conjunctival and gingival bleeding. The patient was alert and complained of mild, local pain and nausea. There were no signs of neurological involvement. The main laboratory findings on admission included incoagulable blood, a platelet count of 4000/microl, and an ELISA-estimated serum venom concentration of 62.6 ng/ml. Sequential serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, sodium and potassium concentrations were normal. The case was classified as severe and, after the intravenous administration of ranitidine, chlorpheniramine and hydrocortisone, the intravenous infusion of 12 vials of undiluted bothropic equine antivenom [F(ab)(2); 10 ml/vial] was initiated. The antivenom infusion was halted after 10 vials because the patient developed a severe early reaction, although this was successfully treated with subcutaneous adrenaline and intravenous hydrocortisone. Platelet replacement (seven units) was performed and 24 h after the antivenom infusion, normal results in blood-coagulation tests and an increase in the platelet count (to 100,000/microl) were observed. No circulating venom was detected in blood samples collected 6, 12, 24 or 48 h post-admission. The patient was discharged after 4 days, with clinical improvement and no signs of local infection, and subsequent follow-up revealed no sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bucaretchi
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6111, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Leonardo S, Hyslop S, Zamuner S, Ribeiro W, Cunha T, Puorto G, Cogo J. 23.P8. Feeding intervals and serum parameters in Crotalus durissus terrificus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Freyer MW, Buscaglia R, Cashman D, Hyslop S, Wilson WD, Chaires JB, Lewis EA. Binding of netropsin to several DNA constructs: evidence for at least two different 1:1 complexes formed from an -AATT-containing ds-DNA construct and a single minor groove binding ligand. Biophys Chem 2006; 126:186-96. [PMID: 16837123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC, has been used to determine the thermodynamics (DeltaG, DeltaH, and -TDeltaS) for binding netropsin to a number of DNA constructs. The DNA constructs included: six different 20-22mer hairpin forming sequences and an 8-mer DNA forming a duplex dimer. All DNA constructs had a single -AT-rich netropsin binding with one of the following sequences, (A(2)T(2))(2), (ATAT)(2), or (AAAA/TTTT). Binding energetics are less dependent on site sequence than on changes in the neighboring single stranded DNA (hairpin loop size and tail length). All of the 1:1 complexes exhibit an enthalpy change that is dependent on the fractional saturation of the binding site. Later binding ligands interact with a significantly more favorable enthalpy change (partial differential DeltaH(1-2) from 2 to 6 kcal/mol) and a significantly less favorable entropy change (partial differential (-TDeltaS(1-2))) from -4 to -9 kcal/mol). The ITC data could only be fit within expected experimental error by use of a thermodynamic model that includes two independent binding processes with a combined stoichiometry of 1 mol of ligand per 1 mol of oligonucleotide. Based on the biophysical evidence reported here, including theoretical calculations for the energetics of "trapping" or structuring of a single water molecule and molecular docking computations, it is proposed that there are two modes by which flexible ligands can bind in the minor groove of duplex DNA. The higher affinity binding mode is for netropsin to lay along the floor of the minor groove in a bent conformation and exclude all water from the groove. The slightly weaker binding mode is for the netropsin molecule to have a slightly more linear conformation and for the required curvature to be the result of a water molecule that bridges between the floor of the minor groove and two of the amidino nitrogens located at one end of the bound netropsin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Freyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5698, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Belo CAD, Toyama MH, Toyama DDO, Marangoni S, Moreno FB, Cavada BS, Fontana MD, Hyslop S, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Determination of the Amino Acid Sequence of a New Phospholipase A2 (MIDCA1) Isolated from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda Venom. Protein J 2005; 24:147-53. [PMID: 16096720 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-005-7838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda venom was isolated and its primary structure determined. This new PLA(2) showed a low enzymatic activity when compared with other PLA(2)s and it is moderately basic with an isoelectric point of 8.0. Its amino acid sequence showed the presence of 120 amino acid residues and its sequence was: NLIQFLNMIQCTTPGREPLVAFANYGCYCGRGGSGTPVDELDRCCQVHDNCYDTAKKVFGCSPYFTMYSYDCSEGKLTCKDNNTKCKAAVCNCDRTAALCFAKAPYNDKNYKIDLTKRCQ. The structural model of MIDCA1, when compared with other strong neurotoxic PLA(2)s, such as Naja naja, showed significant differences in the beta-wing and neurotoxic sites, despite the high level of amino acid sequence similarity. These observations indicate a dissociation between the biological and catalytic activity of this new PLA(2), supporting the view that other regions of the protein are involved in the biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cháriston A Dal Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Lilla S, Pereira R, Hyslop S, Donato JL, Le Bonniec BF, de Nucci G. Purification and initial characterization of a novel protein with factor Xa activity from Lonomia obliqua caterpillar spicules. J Mass Spectrom 2005; 40:405-412. [PMID: 15712352 DOI: 10.1002/jms.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel protein with factor Xa-like activity was isolated from Lonomia obliqua caterpillar spicules by gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The protein had a mass of 20745.7 Da, as determined by mass spectrometry, and contained four Cys residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis followed by de novo sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the primary structure of the protein and the cysteine residues linked by disulfide bridges. The positions of 24 sequenced tryptic peptides, including the N-terminal, were deduced by comparison with a homologous protein from the superfamily Bombycoidea. Approximately 90% of the primary structure of the active protein was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Valério AA, Corradini AC, Panunto PC, Mello SM, Hyslop S. Purification and characterization of a phosphodiesterase from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. J Protein Chem 2002; 21:495-503. [PMID: 12638651 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022414503995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A phosphodiesterase was purified from the venom of the snake Bothrops alternatus by a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. In SDS-PAGE, the enzyme gave a single band with a molecular mass of 105 kDa, which was unaltered in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, indicating that the protein contained no subunits. A single protein band was also observed in native PAGE. There were no contaminating 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase and protease activities. The enzyme was recognized by commercial bothropic antiserum and gave a single band in immunoblotting. The enzyme had a pH optimum in the range of 7.5-9.5 and the optimum temperature was 60 degrees C, with activity being rapidly lost within 1 min at > or = 70 degrees C. The Km of the enzyme was 2.69 mM. PDE activity was potentiated by cobalt and, to a lesser extent, by calcium, whereas copper, manganese, zinc, EDTA, and beta-mercaptoethanol were inhibitory. These properties show that this enzyme is very similar to that isolated from other snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Valério
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6111, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ponce-Soto LA, Toyama MH, Hyslop S, Novello JC, Marangoni S. Isolation and preliminary enzymatic characterization of a novel PLA2 from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. J Protein Chem 2002; 21:131-6. [PMID: 12018613 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015332314389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A crotoxin homolog was purified from the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom using molecular exclusion and reverse-phase HPLC. This crotoxin contained one PLA2 (Cdcolli III F6) and four crotapotin isoforms, whereas crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom had three PLA2 iso forms and two crotapotin isoforms. SDS-PAGE showed that the C. d. collilineatus PLA2 and crotapotin had relative molecular mass of 15 and 9 kDa, respectively. Neither the PLA2 (Cdcolli III F6) nor the crotapotins (Cdcolli III F3 and F4) had any neurotoxicity in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations when tested alone. However, when PLA2 and crotapotin were coincubated before testing, the neurotoxicity was restored to a level similar to test in the venom in native crotoxin. The two crotapotins (Cdcolli III F3 and F4) differed in their ability to inhibit PLA2 activity, perhaps because of variations in their affinities for this enzyme. Cdcolli III F6 showed allosteric enzymatic behavior, with maximal activity at pH 8.3 and 36 degrees C. Full PLA2 activity required the presence of a low Ca2+ concentration and was inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+ and by Cu2+ and Mg2+ in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. These results indicate that crotoxin from C. d. collineatus venom is very similar enzymatically to crotoxin from C. d. terrificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ponce-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brasil
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Oshima-Franco Y, Leite GB, Valério AA, Hyslop S, Andriao-Escarso S, Giglio JR, Prado-Franceschi J, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Rabbit antivenom efficacy against myotoxic and neurotoxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin-I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-79302002000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
From January, 1984 to March, 1999, 73 children under 15 y old (ages 1-14 y, median 9 y) were admitted after being bitten by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Twenty-six percent of the children were classified as mild envenoming, 50.7% as moderate envenoming and 20.6% as severe envenoming. Two patients (2.7%) showed no signs of envenoming. Most of the patients presented local manifestations, mainly edema (94.5%), pain (94.5%) ecchymosis (73.9%) and blisters (11%). Local and/or systemic bleeding was observed in 28.8% of the patients. Before antivenom (AV) administration, blood coagulation disorders were observed in 60.7% (incoagulable blood in 39.3%) of the 56 children that received AV only in our hospital. AV early reactions, most of which were considered mild, were observed in 44.6% of these cases (in 15/30 patients not pretreated and in 10/26 patients pretreated with hydrocortisone and histamine H1 and H2 antagonists). The main clinical complications observed were local infection (15.1%), compartment syndrome (4.1%), gangrene (1.4%) and acute renal failure (1.4%). No deaths were recorded. There were no significant differences with regard to severity of envenoming versus the frequency of blood coagulation disorders among the three categories of envenoming (p = 0.75) or in the frequency of patients with AV early reactions between the groups that were and were not pretreated (p = 0.55). The frequency of local infection was significantly greater in severe cases (p < 0.001). Patients admitted more than 6 h after the bite had a higher risk of developing severe envenoming (p = 0.04).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bucaretchi
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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Oshima-Franco Y, Leite GB, Silva GH, Cardoso DF, Hyslop S, Giglio JR, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Neutralization of the pharmacological effects of bothropstoxin-I from Bothrops jararacussu (jararacuçu) venom by crotoxin antiserum and heparin. Toxicon 2001; 39:1477-85. [PMID: 11478955 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(01)00107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the principal myotoxin of Bothrops jararacussu venom, is devoid of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity but capable of blocking neuromuscular transmission in mouse nerve-muscle preparations. In this study, the ability of crotoxin antiserum and heparin in preventing the neurotoxic and myotoxic effects of BthTX-I was investigated. Phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations (PND) stimulated indirectly with supramaximal stimuli (0.2 ms, 0.1 Hz) were incubated with BthTX-I (20 microg/ml) alone or with BthTX-I preincubated with antiserum or heparin for 30 min at 37 degrees C prior to testing. Control preparations were incubated with Tyrode solution, antiserum or heparin alone. BthTX-I (20 microg/ml) produced 50% neuromuscular blockade in the PND preparations in 31+/-4min, with complete blockade occurring in 120 min. The antiserum and heparin significantly prevented the neuromuscular blockade caused by BthTX-I (84 +/- 4% and 100% protection, respectively). Light microscopy examination of the muscles at the end of the 120 min incubation showed that BthTX-I damaged 48 +/- 6% of the fibers. Preincubating the toxin with antivenom significantly reduced the extent of this damage (only 15 +/- 4% of fibers affected, corresponding to 69% protection, P<0.01) whereas heparin offered no protection (34 +/- 7% of fibers affected, not significantly different from that seen with toxin alone). These results show that the antivenom was more effective in neutralizing the myotoxic effects of BthTX-I than was heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima-Franco
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, SP, Brazil
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Antunes E, Gordo WM, de Oliveira JF, Teixeira CE, Hyslop S, De Nucci G. The relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum by the herbal medicine Catuama and its constituents. Phytother Res 2001; 15:416-21. [PMID: 11507734 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the Brazilian herbal medicine Catuama and each of its plant constituents (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Zingiber officinalis and Ptychopetalum olacoides) were investigated on rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) using a bioassay cascade. Catuama caused short-lived and dose-dependent relaxations (11% +/- 7%, 26% +/- 5% and 82% +/- 9%, at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg, respectively). Neither the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 microM) nor the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (10 microM) significantly affected the Catuama-induced relaxations. Similarly, the selective ATP-dependent K(+) channel (K(ATP)) blocker glibenclamide (10 microM), the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (1 microM) and the voltage-dependent Na(+) channel blocker tetrodotoxin (1 microM) all failed to affect significantly the Catuama-induced relaxations. These results indicate that the relaxations induced by Catuama involve neither nitric oxide release nor K(ATP) channel activation. The extracts of P. cupana, Z. officinalis and P. olacoides caused short-lived and dose-dependent RbCC relaxations, whereas T. catigua evoked long-lasting relaxations which were occasionally preceded by a brief contractile effect. The extract of P. cupana was the most active in relaxing RbCC strips. The relaxations induced by all extracts were not significantly affected by L-NAME (10 microM). The infusion of ODQ (10 microM) had no significant effect on the P. cupana- and Z. officinalis-induced relaxations but reduced by >50% (p < 0.05) those evoked by P. olacoides and T. catigua. Incubations of RbCC with Catuama(10 mg/mL for 0.25 to 5 min) caused increases of cAMP levels (143% increase at 5 min of incubation). Incubations of RbCC with P. cupana extract (1 mg/mL) increased the cAMP levels by 200% whereas higher doses (10 and 100 mg/mL) caused smaller increases in the nucleotide levels (150% and 89%, respectively). The extracts of Z. officinalis and P. olacoides (same doses) caused smaller increases of the cAMP levels compared with the P. cupana extract, whereas T. catigua (1-100 mg) did not increase the levels of this nucleotide above the basal values. Our results show that of the four extracts assayed, P. cupana was the most effective, indicating that it is the main extract responsible for the relaxing effect of Catuama on rabbit cavernosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6111, 13081-970, Campinas (SP), Brazil.
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Coelho-Filho OR, De Luca IM, Tanus-Santos JE, Cittadino M, Sampaio RC, Coelho OR, Hyslop S, Moreno Júnior H. Pravastatin reduces myocardial lesions induced by acute inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis in normocholesterolemic rats. Int J Cardiol 2001; 79:215-21. [PMID: 11461744 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pravastatin is useful in restoring endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolemic animals. A single intravenous bolus injection of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific inhibitor of NO synthase, causes myocardial necrosis and reduces coronary flow in rats. Since rats do not develop hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, we have tested the hypothesis that pravastatin protects the heart from myocardial lesions induced by L-NAME in the absence of alterations in cholesterol levels and plaque formation. Male Wistar rats fed standard chow were divided into four groups: CONTROL (n=14) - rats that received tap water alone for 18 days; L-NAME (n=14) -- rats that received L-NAME (15 mg/kg, i.v.) on the 14th day of the study; PRAVASTATIN (n=11) -- rats that received pravastatin (6 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water for 18 days; PRAVASTATIN+L-NAME (n=12) -- rats that received pravastatin (6 mg/kg/day) and L-NAME (15 mg/kg, i.v.) as indicated in the preceding groups. At the end of 18 days, the rats were sacrificed and the hearts removed for stereological analysis by light microscopy. Plasma nitrate/nitrite and thromboxane B(2) concentrations were determined immediately before and after L-NAME administration. Pravastatin prevented the ischemic lesions induced by the acute inhibition of NO biosynthesis (the area of myocardial lesions in the L-NAME group was greater than in the Pravastatin+L-NAME group: 101.6 microm(2) vs. 1.2 microm(2), respectively; P<0.0001) and markedly increased the plasma nitrate/nitrate concentrations, even before L-NAME administration. There were no significant changes in the plasma thromboxane B(2) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Coelho-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13081-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Medeiros MV, Macedo-Soares MF, De Luca IM, Hyslop S, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Contribution of C-fibers to leucocyte recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pleural cavity in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 421:133-40. [PMID: 11399269 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of neonatal capsaicin (8 methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) treatment on the leucocyte infiltration into the airways and pleural cavity was investigated in rats actively sensitized with ovalbumin. The animals were neonatally injected with either capsaicin (50 mg/kg, s.c., 2nd day of life) or vehicle (10% ethanol and 10% Tween 80). At adult ages, the animals were actively sensitized with ovalbumin (200 microg, s.c.) and 14 days later they were intratracheally (or intrapleurally) challenged with ovalbumin. The substance P level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the capsaicin group was reduced by >90% compared to control group (vehicle), confirming the efficacy of capsaicin treatment. In the capsaicin group, the number of neutrophils (but not of eosinophils and mononuclear cells) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of sensitized animals was significantly higher than the control group. Intrapleural injection of ovalbumin in sensitized rats caused a significant neutrophil influx at 6 h that was markedly increased in the capsaicin-pretreated animals compared to control group. The counts of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the pleural exudates did not differ significantly between capsaicin and control groups. The increased levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E, IgG1 and IgG2a anti-ovalbumin antibodies in serum of sensitized rats did not differ between capsaicin and control groups. In conclusion, the exacerbated pulmonary neutrophil recruitment caused by the capsaicin neonatal treatment is unrelated to increase in serum immunoglobulin antibodies, and suggests a protective role for C-fibers in attenuating the allergic neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6111, 13081-970, SP, Campinas, Brazil
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33
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Bonfim VL, Toyama MH, Novello JC, Hyslop S, Oliveira CR, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Marangoni S. Isolation and enzymatic characterization of a basic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. J Protein Chem 2001; 20:239-45. [PMID: 11565904 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010956126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isoform was isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and partially characterized. The venom was fractionated by HPLC ion-exchange chromatography in ammonium bicarbonate buffer, followed by reverse-phase HPLC to yield the protein Bj IV. Tricine SDS-PAGE in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol showed that Bj IV had a molecular mass of 15 and 30 kDa, respectively. This enzyme was able to form multimeric complexes (30, 45, and 60 kDa). Amino acid analysis showed a high content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids as well as 14 half-cysteine residues. The N-terminal sequence (DLWSWGQMIQETGLLPSYTTY...) showed a high degree of homology with basic D49 PLA2 myotoxins from other Bothrops venoms. Bj IV had high PLA2 activity and produced moderate myonecrosis in skeletal muscle, but showed no neuromuscular activity in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. Bj IV showed allosteric enzymatic behavior, with maximal activity at pH 8.2 and 35-45 degrees C. Full PLA2 activity required Ca2+ but was inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+, and by Cu2+ and Mg2+ in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. Crotapotins from Crotalus durissus terrificus rattlesnake venom significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of Bj IV. The latter observation suggested that the binding site for crotapotin in this PLA2 was similar to that in the basic PLA2 of the crotoxin complex from C. d. terrificus venom. The presence of crotapotin-like proteins capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of D49 PLA2 could partly explain the low PLA2 activity of Bothrops venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Bonfim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Desouza IA, Hyslop S, Franco-Penteado CF, Ribeiro-DaSilva G. Mouse macrophages release a neutrophil chemotactic mediator following stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxin type A. Inflamm Res 2001; 50:206-12. [PMID: 11392608 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To examine the role of macrophages in the neutrophil migration induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from male Swiss mice pre-treated with thioglycollate. After adhering to plastic tissue culture dishes, the cells were washed and incubated with RPMI or SEA (0.62-2.5 microg/ml) and washed again prior to further incubation with RPMI alone. The medium was then collected, sterilized and assayed for promigratory activity in the mouse peritoneal cavity. RESULTS Mouse macrophage monolayers stimulated with SEA secreted a thermolabile neutrophil chemotactic component (MNCC-SEA) with a molecular mass >100 kDa (by ultrafiltration). This release was dose- and time-dependent and was inhibited by dexamethasone but not by indomethacin or BW755C. Dexamethasone, indomethacin, BWA4C, BW755C, BN52021, cimetidine and SR48968 had no effect on the neutrophil migration induced by MNCC-SEA while capsaicin and SR 140333 reduced this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages play a key role in the neutrophil recruitment induced by SEA probably by releasing an MNCC-SEA that presumably induces neutrophil migration via a mechanism mediated by substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Desouza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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35
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Oshima-Franco Y, Hyslop S, Cintra AC, Giglio JR, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Neutralizing capacity of commercial bothropic antivenom against Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin-I. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23:1832-9. [PMID: 11102906 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4598(200012)23:12<1832::aid-mus6>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops jararacussu venom and its major toxin, bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), possess myotoxic and neurotoxic activities. The ability of commercial equine antivenom to neutralize these activities was studied in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) preparations by indirect stimulation (0.1 HZ, 0.2 ms). The time required to produce 50% neuromuscular blockade in the PND and EDL preparations was, respectively, 70 +/- 11.5 min and 58 +/- 8 min for B. jararacussu venom (50 microg/mL), and 31 +/- 6 min and 30 +/- 3 min for BthTX-I (20 microg/mL). After a 120-min incubation, the creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in the EDL preparations were 3464 +/- 346 U/L and 3422 +/- 135 U/L following exposure to venom (50 microg/mL) and BthTX-I (20 microg/mL), respectively. Antivenom neutralized the neuromuscular blockade induced by the venom and toxin in PND preparations in a dose-dependent fashion, but only partially neutralized this effect in EDL. Antivenom also effectively prevented the venom- and toxin-induced release of CK from EDL. In contrast, histological analysis showed that the morphological damage caused by B. jararacussu venom and BthTX-I in the EDL was only partially prevented by the anti- venom. These results indicate that commercial equine antiserum fully protects against the neurotoxic action of B. jararacussu and BthTX-I in PND preparations, but only partially protects against the neurotoxic and myotoxic actions of the venom and its toxin in EDL preparations. Care must therefore be exercized in extrapolating results from different preparations even when similar pharmacological or physiological responses are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima-Franco
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, C.P. 6111, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
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Beghini DG, Toyama MH, Hyslop S, Sodek LC, Novello, Marangoni S. Enzymatic characterization of a novel phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus cascavella rattlesnake (Maracambóia) venom. J Protein Chem 2000; 19:679-84. [PMID: 11307952 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007152303179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The PLA2 and crotapotin subunits of crotoxin from Crotalus durissus cascavella venom were purified by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) molecular exclusion (Protein Pack 300SW column) and reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Tricine SDS-PAGE showed that the PLA2 and crotapotins migrated as single bands with estimated molecular masses of 15 and 9 kDa, respectively. The amino acid composition of the PLA2 showed the presence of 14 half-cysteines and a high content of basic residues (Lys, Arg, His), whereas the crotapotins were rich in hydrophobic, negatively charged residues and half-cysteines. The PLA2 showed allosteric behavior, with maximal activity at pH 8.3 and 35-40 degrees C. C. d. cascavella PLA2 required Ca2+ for activity but was inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+ and by Cu2+ and Mg2+ in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. Crotapotin (F3) and heparin inhibited the catalytic activity of the PLA2 by acting as allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Beghini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas SP, Brazil
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37
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Beghini DG, Toyama MH, Hyslop S, Sodek L, Novello JC, Marangoni S. Enzymatic characterization of a novel phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus cascavella rattlesnake (Maracambóia) venom. J Protein Chem 2000; 19:603-7. [PMID: 11233174 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007123329817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The PLA2 and crotapotin subunits of crotoxin from Crotalus durissus cascavella venom were purified by a combination of HPLC molecular exclusion (Protein Pack 300SW column) and reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Tricine SDS-PAGE showed that the PLA2 and crotapotins migrated as single bands with estimated molecular masses of 15 and 9 kDa, respectively. The amino acid composition of the PLA2 showed the presence of 14 half-cysteines and a high content of basic residues (Lys, Arg, His), whereas the crotapotins were rich in hydrophobic, negatively charged residues and half-cysteines. The PLA2 showed allosteric behavior, with maximal activity at pH 8.3 and 35-40 degrees C. The C. d. cascavella PLA2 required Ca2+ for activity, but was inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+ and by Cu2+ and Mg2+ in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. Crotapotin (F3) and heparin inhibited the catalytic activity of the PLA2 by acting as allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Beghini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
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38
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Tanus-Santos JE, Sampaio RC, Hyslop S, Franchini KG, Moreno H. Endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonism attenuates the pressor effects of nicotine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 396:33-7. [PMID: 10822051 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased endothelin-1 levels observed after smoking may result from nicotine-stimulated endothelin-1 production by endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of selective endothelin ET(A) receptors antagonist Cycle D-a-aspartyl-L-prolyl-D-isoleucyl-D-tryptophyl (JKC 301) and of endothelin ET(B) receptors antagonist N-cis-2, 6-dimethylpiperidino-carbonyl-L-gamma-methyl-leucyl-D-L-m ethoxycarbonyl-tryptophanyl-norleucine (BQ 788) on the changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma thromboxane B(2) (the stable product of thromboxane A(2)) levels caused by increasing doses of nicotine (0.6, 2, 6, and 20 micromol/kg) in anesthetised rats. Nicotine (0.6, 2, and 6 micromol/kg) significantly increased the mean arterial pressure in control and BQ 788-pretreated rats, while only a nicotine dose of 2 micromol/kg) increased the mean arterial pressure in JKC 301-pretreated animals. There were no differences in the nicotine-induced changes in heart rate or in the increases in thromboxane B(2) levels among the groups treated with saline, JKC 301 and BQ 788. These results demonstrate that whereas the antagonism of endothelin ET(A) receptors attenuated the increase in blood pressure after nicotine injections, endothelin ET(B) receptor antagonism had no such effect. In addition, the antagonism of endothelin ET(A) or ET(B) receptors did not affect thromboxane A(2) production after nicotine administration. These findings suggest that endothelin-1 may have a role in the acute effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13081-970, SP, Campinas, Brazil
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Bucaretchi F, Deus Reinaldo CR, Hyslop S, Madureira PR, De Capitani EM, Vieira RJ. A clinico-epidemiological study of bites by spiders of the genus Phoneutria. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2000; 42:17-21. [PMID: 10742722 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652000000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
From January, 1984 to December, 1996, 422 patients (ages 9 m-99 y, median 29 y) were admitted after being bitten by spiders which were brought and identified as Phoneutria spp. Most of the bites occurred at March and April months (29.2%), in the houses (54.5%), during the day (76.5%), and in the limbs (feet 40.9%, hands 34.3%). Upon hospital admission, most patients presented only local complaints, mainly pain (92.1%) and edema (33.1%) and were classified as presenting mild (89.8%), moderate (8.5%) and severe (0.5%) envenomation. Few patients (1.2%) did not present signs of envenomation. Severe accidents were only confirmed in two children (9 m, 3 y). Both developed acute pulmonary edema, and the older died 9 h after the accident. Patients more than 70 year-old had a significantly greater (p<0.05) frequency of moderate envenomations compared to the 10-70-year-old individuals. Proceedings to relief local pain were frequently performed (local anesthesia alone 32.0%, local anesthesia plus analgesics 20.6% and oral analgesics alone 25. 1%). Only 2.3% of the patients (two cases classified as severe and eight as moderate, eight of them in children) were treated with i.v. antiarachnid antivenom. No antivenom early reaction was observed. In conclusion, accidents involving the genus Phoneutria are common in the region of Campinas, with the highest risk groups being children under 10 years of age and adults over 70 years of age. Cases of serious envenomation are rare (0.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bucaretchi
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Oshima-Franco Y, Hyslop S, Prado-Franceschi J, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Neutralizing capacity of antisera raised in horses and rabbits against Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom and its main toxin, crotoxin. Toxicon 1999; 37:1341-57. [PMID: 10414861 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom possesses myotoxic and neurotoxic activities, both of which are also expressed by crotoxin, the principal toxin of this venom. We have investigated the ability of commercial equine antivenom and antivenoms raised in rabbits against C. d. terrificus venom and crotoxin to neutralize the physiological and morphological changes induced by this venom and crotoxin in electrically-stimulated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) preparations of mice. The time required to produce 50% neuromuscular blockade in the PND and EDL preparations was, respectively, 103+/-9 and 59+/-6 min for C. d. terrificus venom (10 microg/ml) and 75+/-9 and 110+/-7 min for crotoxin (10 microg/ml). The antivenoms dose-dependently inhibited this neuromuscular activity of the venom and crotoxin. At a venom:antivenom ratio of 1:3, the rabbit antivenoms were as effective as the commercial equine antivenom. The creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in the organ bath containing EDL muscle were 290 and 1020 U/l following a 120 min exposure to C. d. terrificus venom and crotoxin, respectively. All of the antivenoms neutralized the release of CK by crotoxin, but were ineffective against C. d. terrificus venom. Histological analysis of the two preparations showed that rabbit anticrotoxin antivenom protected against the myotoxic action of C. d. terrificus venom and crotoxin better than the other antivenoms. We conclude that antisera raised in rabbits are better than equine antiserum in neutralizing the neurotoxic and myotoxic activities of C. d. terrificus venom and crotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima-Franco
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil
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41
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Costa SK, Hyslop S, Nathan LP, Zanesco A, Brain SD, de Nucci G, Antunes E. Activation by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom of autonomic nerve fibers in the isolated rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 363:139-46. [PMID: 9881581 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the isolated rat heart, Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (10-100 microg) produced a dose-dependent and reversible rise in left ventricular developed pressure. A low dose (10 microg) of venom induced a short-lasting, positive inotropic effect (P < 0.05) with no change in heart rate or coronary flow. At a dose of 50 microg, the venom caused significant positive inotropic and chronotropic responses associated with occasional ventricular arrhythmia, whereas coronary flow was not significantly affected within 10 min after venom administration. The highest dose of venom (100 microg) caused bradycardia, transient cardiac arrest, rhythm disturbances and an increase in end diastolic pressure followed by a reduction in coronary flow. Hearts treated with the non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (3 microM) and the selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP-20712A (10 microM) were protected against all the cardiac actions of the venom. The selective beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist butoxamine (10 microM) slightly reduced the cardiac response to 50 microg, but not to 100 microg of venom. Butoxamine also prevented the reduction in coronary flow induced by 100 microg of venom. Hearts from reserpine-treated rats (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.p., for 2 days) showed a marked decrease in all venom (< or = 100 microg)-induced cardiac responses. The muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (1 microM) slightly potentiated the response to 50 microg of venom but had little or no effect on the responses to 100 microg of venom. The cardiac responses to venom (50-100 microg) were unaltered in hearts from rats treated with 8-methyl N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide (capsaicin; 50 mg/kg, s.c.). These findings indicate that P. nigriventer venom releases norepinephrine from cardiac sympathetic nerve endings and this may explain the observed increase in contractile force and heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Prado-Franceschi J, Hyslop S, Cogo JC, Andrade AL, Assakura MT, Reichl AP, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Characterization of a myotoxin from the Duvernoy's gland secretion of the xenodontine colubrid Philodryas olfersii (green snake): effects on striated muscle and the neuromuscular junction. Toxicon 1998; 36:1407-21. [PMID: 9723839 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A myotoxin has been isolated from the Duvernoy's gland (DG) secretion of the xenodontine colubrid Philodrvas olfersii (green snake) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 SF. Under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE, the myotoxin migrates as a single band with a mol. wt. of 20000. The toxin has 182 amino acid residues (approximately 20% acidic), a pI of 4.8 and a blocked N-terminal. In the chick biventer cervicis preparation, P. olfersii myotoxin partially blocks potassium-evoked contractures without affecting either the twitch-tension resulting from indirect stimulation or the contractures evoked by acetylcholine. Both the DG secretion and the myotoxin increase the serum creatine kinase (CK) levels of mice and stimulate the release of CK from the biventer cervicis preparation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The varying degrees of muscle cell lysis and extensive widening of the intercellular spaces caused by the DG secretion are reproduced by the myotoxin, with the exception that in the latter the partial or total loss of transverse muscle striations is restricted to the muscle periphery. This myotoxin is the first such protein to be characterized from a DG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prado-Franceschi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Donato JL, Moreno RA, Hyslop S, Duarte A, Antunes E, Le Bonniec BF, Rendu F, de Nucci G. Lonomia obliqua caterpillar spicules trigger human blood coagulation via activation of factor X and prothrombin. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79:539-42. [PMID: 9531036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In southern Brazil, envenomation by larvae of the moth Lonomia obliqua (Walker) may result in blood clotting factor depletion, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation with subsequent haemorrhage and acute renal failure which may prove fatal. We have examined the effect of a crude extract of spicules from these caterpillars on in vitro hemostasis. The extract alone did not aggregate platelets and had no detectable effect on purified fibrinogen, suggesting that extract induces clot formation by triggering activation of the clotting cascade. In agreement with the presence of thrombin-mediated activity, hirudin prevented clot formation. The extract was found to activate both prothrombin and factor X, suggesting that the depletion of blood clotting factors results from the steady activation of factor X and prothrombin. Heating and diisopropylfluorophosphate abolished the procoagulant activity of the extract, indicating that the active component involved is a protein that may belong to the serine protease family of enzymes. The ability of hirudin to inhibit this coagulant activity suggests that this inhibitor could be beneficial in the treatment of patients envenomed by L. obliqua caterpillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Donato
- Department of Pharmacology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Moreno Júnior H, Nathan LP, Metze K, Costa SK, Antunes E, Hyslop S, Zatz R, de Nucci G. Non-specific inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase cause myocardial necrosis in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24:349-52. [PMID: 9143786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. To study the effect of acute nitric oxide (NO) inhibition on the rat heart both in vitro and in vivo, male Wistar rats received a single bolus injection of saline, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 0.5, 1.5, 5.0, 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg) and D-NAME (45.0 mg/kg). 2. Animals were killed 72 h after the bolus injection of L-NAME and the hearts were removed and studied under light microscopy. In other groups of animals; saline, L-NAME and D-NAME were administered as above and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP/carotid) was recorded. Furthermore, L-NAME was also administered in the drinking water (20 mg/kg per day) for 72 h and animals were then killed and their hearts evaluated as described above. Hearts of control animals were perfused in vitro and coronary flow was measured following saline, L-NAME (45 micrograms/heart) and D-NAME (45 micrograms/heart). 3. Areas of necrosis were observed in the left ventricle of animals that had received L-NAME at 5.0, 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg. Also, only doses higher than 1.5 mg/kg caused an important increase in MABP. The frequency and extent of the lesions paralleled the dose of L-NAME administered and no lesions were observed in D-NAME- and saline-treated animals. 4. The oral administration of L-NAME also caused myocardial lesions similar to those described above, but the frequency and extent of these lesions were more discrete compared with those observed following 5.0 mg/kg, i.v., L-NAME. 5. Bolus injection of L-NAME into control rat hearts in vitro resulted in a small and transient fall in coronary flow (17.2 +/- 1.4 and 12.2 +/- 1.2 mL/min before and after L-NAME administration, respectively) within 30 s and this was followed 4.5 min later by a further (11.5 +/- 1.6 mL/min) decrease. The administration of D-NAME to control hearts caused no change in coronary flow. 6. In conclusion, the acute inhibition of NO biosynthesis by L-NAME causes myocardial necrosis. Both high levels of MABP and a small but significant reduction in coronary flow (associated or not) can be responsible for the lesions we found.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moreno Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Prado-Franceschi J, Hyslop S, Cogo JC, Andrade AL, Assakura M, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. The effects of Duvernoy's gland secretion from the xenodontine colubrid Philodryas olfersii on striated muscle and the neuromuscular junction: partial characterization of a neuromuscular fraction. Toxicon 1996; 34:459-66. [PMID: 8735245 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(95)00146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Philodryas olfersii Duvernoy's secretion was studied in vivo in mice and chicks as well as in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm and the chick biventer cervicis preparations. The whole secretion (20-40 micrograms/ml) increased the creatine kinase (CK) levels in mice but had no effect on the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In the chick, the secretion caused head drop and paresia as well as irreversible blockade of the twitch-tension evoked by indirect stimulation in the chick biventer cervicis preparation (50% paralysis in 34.5 +/- 2.7 min, n = 4). The secretion also caused muscle contracture (30% of the maximal twitch-tension generated) after a latency of nearly 9 min. Following fractionation on a Superose 12 FPLC column, the neuromuscular activity was recovered in the high mol. wt fraction (Peak I). At a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in the chick biventer cervicis preparation, Peak I caused 50% paralysis within 18.5 +/- 3.0 min (n = 4), and evoked a strong contracture (70% of the maximal twitch-tension generated). The contractile responses of the chick preparation to ACh and KCL were partially blocked (90%) by the whole secretion and totally blocked by Peak I. CK release was increased by the whole secretion but not by Peak I. The whole secretion also produced various degrees of muscle cell lysis and extensive widening of the intercellular spaces. The latter showed a loosely arranged membranous network. In general, Peak I caused only minor morphological alterations compared with the whole secretion, although these were still significantly different from those observed in the control preparations. The changes principally involved hypercontraction of the muscle fibers. Based on the above results, we conclude that Peak I contains the factor(s) responsible for the in vitro effects on neuromuscular transmission, whereas the direct myotoxic effect is apparently caused by at least one other component of the Duvernoy's secretion.
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Landucci E, Cirino G, Donato J, Hyslop S, Marangoni S, Oliveira B, Antunes E, de Nucci G. The effect of crotapotin on carrageenin-induced rat hind-paw oedema. Toxicon 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(96)90051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Landucci EC, Antunes E, Donato JL, Faro R, Hyslop S, Marangoni S, Oliveira B, Cirino G, de Nucci G. Inhibition of carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema by crotapotin, a polypeptide complexed with phospholipase A2. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114:578-83. [PMID: 7537590 PMCID: PMC1510024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb17178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of purified crotapotin, a non-toxic non-enzymatic chaperon protein normally complexed to a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in South America rattlesnake venom, was studied in the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenin (1 mg/paw), compound 48/80 (3 micrograms/paw) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (3 micrograms/paw) in the rat hind-paw. The effects of crotapotin on platelet aggregation, mast cell degranulation and eicosanoid release from guinea-pig isolated lung were also investigated. 2. Subplantar co-injection of crotapotin (1 and 10 micrograms/paw) with carrageenin or injection of crotapotin (10 micrograms/paw) into the contralateral paw significantly inhibited the carrageenin-induced oedema. This inhibition was also observed when crotapotin (10-30 micrograms/paw) was administered either intraperitoneally or orally. Subplantar injection of heated crotapotin (15 min at 60 degrees C) failed to inhibit carrageenin-induced oedema. Subplantar injection of crotapotin (10 micrograms/paw) also significantly inhibited the rat paw oedema induced by compound 48/80, but it did not affect 5-HT-induced oedema. 3. In adrenalectomized animals, subplantar injection of crotapotin markedly inhibited the oedema induced by carrageenin. The inhibitory effect of crotapotin was also observed in rats depleted of histamine and 5-HT stores. 4. Crotapotin (30 micrograms/paw) had no effect on either the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 in vitro or on the platelet aggregation induced by both arachidonic acid (1 nM) and platelet activating factor (1 microM) in human platelet-rich plasma. The platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) release induced by thrombin (100 mu ml-1) in washed human platelets were also not affected by crotapotin. In addition, crotapotin (10 microg/paw) did not affect the release of 6-oxo-prostaglandin Fla, and TXB2 induced by ovalbumin in sensitized guinea-pig isolated lungs.5. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of crotapotin is not due to endogenous corticosteroid release or inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase activity. It is possible that crotapotin may interact with extracellular PLA2 generated during the inflammatory process thereby reducing its hydrolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Landucci
- Department of Biochemistry, UNICAMP, Campinas (SP), Brazil
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Giraldelo CM, Zappellini A, Muscará MN, De Luca IM, Hyslop S, Cirino G, Zatz R, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Effect of arginine analogues on rat hind paw oedema and mast cell activation in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 257:87-93. [PMID: 7521838 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (0.15 mumol/paw) significantly reduced both bradykinin- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced rat paw oedema. At this dose, L-arginine (L-Arg), D-Arg and nitro-D-arginine methyl ester had no effect on the oedematogenic responses induced by these agents. Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, nitro-D-arginine methyl ester, L-Arg, D-Arg, L-arginine methyl ester and L-arginine ethyl ester, at the dose of 15 mumol/paw, significantly potentiated both bradykinin- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced oedema. This potentiation was not observed in animals treated with both mepyramine and methysergide or in animals chronically treated with compound 48/80. Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (0.3-3 mM) and L-Arg (0.3-3 mM) released small amounts (< 10%) of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells when compared to compound 48/80-induced degranulation (> 40%). Histamine release was quantified by radioimmunoassay since nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and L-Arg interfere with the fluorometric assay. The potentiation of paw oedema observed with higher doses of all arginine analogues is caused by in vivo mast cell degranulation and is probably due to the cationic charge of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Giraldelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, SP, Brazil
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Landucci EC, Condino-Neto A, Perez AC, Hyslop S, Corrado AP, Novello JC, Marangoni S, Oliveira B, Antunes E, de Nucci G. Crotoxin induces aggregation of human washed platelets. Toxicon 1994; 32:217-26. [PMID: 8153961 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Crotoxin, the main toxic component isolated from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, is a reversible protein complex composed of a non-toxic non-enzymatic acidic polypeptide (crotapotin) and a toxic basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In this study, we have evaluated the ability of crotoxin to induced aggregation in human washed platelets. Human washed platelet aggregation was monitored in a Payton aggregometer and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) release measured by direct radioimmunoassay (RIA). Crotoxin (15-50 micrograms/ml) produced dose-dependent and irreversible human washed platelet aggregation, which was inhibited by pre-incubation of the platelets with sodium nitroprusside (50-500 microM) or iloprost (8-80 nM). Crotoxin also induced TXB2 release (207 +/- 8 ng/ml, n = 6), and although indomethacin significantly reduced the release of TXB2 (to 23.5 +/- 5 ng/ml, P < 0.001, n = 6), it did not inhibit crotoxin-induced aggregation. Our results clearly demonstrate that crotoxin induces human washed platelet aggregation and that this phenomenon is independent of the formation of pro-aggregatory arachidonic acid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Landucci
- Department of Biochemistry, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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