1
|
Tolera A, Weldesenbet AB, Regassa LD, Tusa BS, Merga BT, Tariku M, Cheru A, Enyew DB, Gemeda AT. Health service providers experience of psycho-emotional violence and associated factors among urban hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1361243. [PMID: 38765488 PMCID: PMC11100414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1361243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psycho-emotional violence, a type of workplace violence targeting healthcare workers, varies across countries, occasions, and professions in the healthcare sector. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of comprehensive studies focusing on violence against healthcare workers in Ethiopia, which may also encompass psycho-gender-based emotional violence against healthcare workers. Therefore, there is a compelling need for in-depth research to address this gap and develop effective strategies to mitigate psycho-emotional violence in the healthcare sector in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern region. Hence, we aimed to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with workplace psycho-emotional violence against healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia. Methods This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 health professionals working in urban public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Multistage stratified random sampling was used, and data were collected using a standardized structured tool adopted from the WHO workplace violence assessment tool. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with psycho-emotional workplace violence. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported, and a p-value of 0.05 was used as the cut-off point to declare significance. Results Workplace psycho-emotional violence was reported by 57.39% of the healthcare workers. The absence of guidelines for gender-based abuse [AOR = 35.62, 95% CI:17.47, 72.64], presence of measures that improve surroundings (class lighting and privacy) [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.98], training on workplace violence coping mechanism [AOR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.98], spending more than 50% of their time with HIV/AIDS patients [AOR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.05, 3.72], and spending more than 50% of their time with psychiatric patients [AOR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.08, 3.43] were factors significantly associated with workplace violence against health professionals. Conclusion The prevalence of workplace psycho-emotional violence against health professionals in eastern Ethiopia was relatively high. Improving the working environment decreases the chance of workplace violence; however, there is a lack of guidelines for gender-based violence, the absence of training on coping mechanisms, and spending more time with psychiatric and HIV/AIDS patients' increases workplace violence. We recommend that health institutions develop gender abuse mitigation guidelines and provide training on coping mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Tolera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Cheru
- School of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Birhanie Enyew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola Gemeda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tola A, Assefa N, Dessie Y, Oljira L, Regassa LD, Gure T, Gobena T. Epidemiology of hyperglycemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia: prevalence, associated factors, and feto-maternal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:116. [PMID: 38685068 PMCID: PMC11057183 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a significant medical complication affecting pregnant women globally and is considered a public health burden due to the negative outcomes it can cause for both mother and infant. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of HIP in Ethiopia. METHODS To gather relevant information for this study, both published and unpublished studies were searched for in several major databases, including PubMed, Embase, HINARI, Web of Science direct, and Google Scholar, as well as other sources. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the findings from these studies. Data was then extracted and summarized using a template in Microsoft Excel software, and the extracted data was analyzed using Stata software version 16.0. If significant heterogeneity was found between studies, subgroup analyses were conducted to further examine the data. RESULT Eighteen studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, involving a total sample size of 50,816 pregnant women in Ethiopia. The prevalence of HIP among pregnant women varied considerably across the primary studies, ranging from 0.4 to 26.2%. The pooled prevalence of HIP among pregnant women in Ethiopia was found to be 6.9% (95% C 2.2-11.6). Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes had 2.5 times higher odds of developing HIP compared to those without a family history of diabetes (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 2.02, 2.96). However, there was no significant association found between HIP and maternal obesity (OR 2.31, 95% CI = 0.85, 3.78) or previous history of abortion (OR 3.89; 95% CI 0.85, 6.94). The common fetal outcomes associated with HIP were admission to the intensive care unit (46.2; 95% CI 27.4, 65.1), macrosomia (27.3%; 95% CI 9.4%, 45.1%), and preterm birth (16.9; 95% CI 12.5, 21.3). Additionally, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (28.0%; 95% CI 15.2, 40.8) and operative delivery (51.4%; 95% CI 35.9, 66.8) were more common among women with HIP in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION Although there was some variation between studies, the meta-analysis revealed that approximately seven out of 100 pregnant women in Ethiopia had HIP. A family history of diabetes was found to be a significant predictor of HIP in Ethiopia. Additionally, HIP was associated with various serious adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants in Ethiopia. These findings highlight the need for national guidelines to ensure that pregnant women are uniformly screened for HIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Tola
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Nega Assefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Gure
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Getachew Z, Asefa N, Gashaw T, Birhanu A, Debella A, Balis B, Jibro U, Tolera S, Motuma A, Gamachu M, Deressa A, Mohammed F, Tolera M, Eyeberu A, Regassa LD, Mussa I. Diarrheal disease and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Oda Bultum District, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:303. [PMID: 38475696 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a serious health problem in children under the age of five that is both preventable and treatable. In low-income countries like Ethiopia, children under the age five years frequently experience diarrhea. However, the burden and associated factors of these diarrheal diseases are understudied in Eastern Ethiopia, Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrheal diseases in Eastern Ethiopia from September 1-30, 2022. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on the total of 602 children aged 6 to 59 months in Oda Bultum district in eastern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling method was used. Three kebeles were selected from nine kebeles by the lottery method. Data was entered into Epi data 4.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used for frequency, mean, and standard deviations. In addition, bivariable, and multivariable Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of diarrhea along with a 95% confidence interval. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value of 0.05. RESULT A total of 602 children were included in this study. The prevalence of diarrhea 7.4% (47/602), 95% CI; 5.5-9.7%) among the children. Factors such as being unvaccinated for any vaccine (AOR = 10.82, 95%CI; 4.58-25.48) and born from a mother who had medium level of empowerment (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI; 0.11-0.88) in the household had statistically significant association with diarrhea among the children compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION The study found that nearly one out of thirteen children aged 6 to 59 months had any form of diarrheal diseases in Oda Bultum District, Eastern Ethiopia. In addition, the study revealed that children who were vaccinated for their age developed diarrhea less likely compared to those who did not receive any form of vaccine for their age. Moreover, children with mothers who had a medium level of empowerment were less likely to get diarrhea than children with mothers who had a low level of empowerment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewudalem Getachew
- Oda Bultum Woreda Health Office, Oda Bultum, West Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Asefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Gashaw
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Usmael Jibro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sina Tolera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fethia Mohammed
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Moti Tolera
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibsa Mussa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gamachu M, Mussa I, Deressa A, Tolera M, Birhanu A, Getachew T, Negash A, Jibro U, Abdurahman D, Motuma A, Mohammed F, Balis B, Demissie Regassa L. Patterns of basic pneumococcal conjugated vaccine coverage in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2018; further analysis of Ethiopian DHS (2016-2019). Vaccine X 2024; 17:100428. [PMID: 38299201 PMCID: PMC10825603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Geographic variation is crucial in spotting performance gaps in immunization programs, including the Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine (PCV). This will help speed up targeted vaccination and disease elimination programs in resource-limited countries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the geographic variation and determinants of PCV vaccination coverage among children aged under five years old in Ethiopia. Methods This analysis was carried out based on the 2016 and 2019 nationally representative Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). We included two surveys of 10,640 children aged 12-23 months. The spatial analysis also covered 645 and 305 clusters with geographical information for both 2016 and 2019, respectively. We explored the spatial distribution, global spatial autocorrelation, spatial interpolation, and Stats Can windows of children with PCV-3 vaccination. P-values were generated using 999 Monte Carlo simulations to identify statistically significant clusters. To understand the coverage of PCV-3 in all areas of the country, we employed the ordinary Kriging interpolation method to estimate the coverage in unsampled areas. We also used hierarchical multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with the utilization of the PCV vaccine (full vaccination). Results Except for Addis Ababa, children in all regions have lower odds of receiving all three PCV vaccines compared to the Tigray region. Residence, sex of a child, mother's literacy status, household wealth index, and place of delivery were significant factors associated with receiving the third dose of PCV. Spatial analysis also showed the Somali and Afar regions had the lowest coverage, while the Addis Ababa and Tigray regions had higher coverage in both surveys. Conclusion Even though the coverage of the full PCV vaccine improved from 2016 to 2019, variation was observed among regions and between rural and urban areas. The wealth index and educational status of mothers were the most important determinants of PCV vaccine utilization. Hence, the mass campaign might boost coverage in nomadic and semi-nomadic regions and rural areas. Similarly, programs that narrow the gap due to low socioeconomic differences should be formulated and implemented to increase uptake and general coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibsa Mussa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Moti Tolera
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Usmael Jibro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dureti Abdurahman
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fethia Mohammed
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Degefu N, Jambo A, Demissie Regassa L, Getachew M. In-hospital outcome and its predictors among patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema at a tertiary hospital in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2309294. [PMID: 38405032 PMCID: PMC10885763 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2309294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is highly associated with poor in-hospital outcomes. This study aimed to determine the in-hospital outcome and its predictors among patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema at a tertiary hospital in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, from May 1 to 20, 2023. Methods A retrospective cohort study was employed among 204 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema who were admitted between 1st May 2018 and 30th April 2023. The collected data were entered into Excel, and analysed using theSTATA software version 17. The hazard ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used and a P-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Results The overall mortality rate was 17.60 (95% CI: 11.59-26.72) per 1000 person-day observation with mean (±SD) time to death was 2.88 (±2.06) days. Age (AHR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04-1.74 for every 10 years), being smoker (AHR: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.05-10.10), having respiratory rate of ≥40 breaths per minute (AHR: 5.46; 95% CI: 1.71-17.45), and having anaemia (AHR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.23-15.33) were significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion More than one in ten patients in this study died in the hospital. Therefore, special attention needs to be considered for patients with those predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natanim Degefu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Jambo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Getachew
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheru A, Edessa D, Regassa LD, Gobena T. Incidence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes treated at governmental hospitals of Harari Region, eastern Ethiopia, 2022. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1290554. [PMID: 38249421 PMCID: PMC10797702 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. However, limited evidence is available about its incidence and predictors in Ethiopia, specifically in the Harari region. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 520 diabetes patients who followed their treatment at governmental hospitals in the Harari region between 1 September 2012, and 30 May 2022. The risk of developing CKD was calculated with a 95% CI, and the risk was stratified by type of diabetes mellitus. Predictors of CKD were determined using the Gompertz regression model with the baseline Cox model. Results Data from 494 patients were included in the final analysis with 26 (5%) excluded. A total of 51 patients (10.32%) developed CKD over the 10-year follow-up period with an incidence rate of 2.16 cases (95% CI 1.64-2.84) per 100 person-years of observation. The risk of CKD was increased by three times (AHR: 3.09, 45 95% CI: 1.56, 6.14) among patients older than 60 years and by more than three times (AHR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.43, 8.71) among patients with diabetes mellitus for longer than 5 years of stay with the diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the risk of CKD was increased four-fold among patients with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels <40 mg/dL (AHR: 3.84, 95% CI, 1.80-8.18) and those with positive baseline proteinuria (AHR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.43-8.71). Conclusion We found that one in ten diabetic patients had developed CKD within 10 years of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Advanced age, longer duration of diabetes, lower baseline HDL-C level, and proteinuria had increased the hazards of developing CKD. We recommend a more focused follow-up of older adult patients with advanced disease status at baseline for optimal control of diabetes mellitus that prevents its furthering to CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abera Cheru
- School of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dumessa Edessa
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- School of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Getachew T, Negash A, Eyeberu A, Abdurahman D, Jibro U, Deressa A, Birhanu A, Regassa LD, Debella A, Mohammed F, Sertsu A, Balis B, Mussa I. The burdens, associated factors, and reasons for traditional uvulectomy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 176:111835. [PMID: 38171120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional uvulectomy is a harmful procedure in which the entire or a portion of the uvula is removed by traditional practitioners. It causes complications like septicemia, transmission of infectious diseases, anemia, excessive bleeding, infection, tetanus, meningitis, and death. A summary of national data was lacking, thus, the study aimed to determine the pooled national burden and determinants of traditional uvulectomy in Ethiopia. METHODS Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL (EBSCO), Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Google databases. Finally, 19 studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted using STATA Version 17 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Forest plots were used to present the pooled and summarized with random-effects meta-analysis models. RESULTS Totally 19 articles with 23,559 study participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of uvulectomy in Ethiopia was 44 % (95 % CI: 31%-57 %). The highest prevalence was observed among studies conducted in the Tigray region (63 % (95 % CI: 34%-94 %), between the year 2011-2014 (58 % (95 % CI: 29%-87 %)) and, community setting (57 % (95 % CI: 36%-78 %). Mothers' educational status (AOR: 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.31-2.01) and residence (AOR: 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.16-2.23) were found to be significantly associated with traditional uvulectomy in Ethiopia. Frequently cited reasons for traditional uvulectomy were to prevent swelling, pus, and rupture of the uvula, for better care, prevention of sore throats and coughs, religion, and culture. CONCLUSION The pooled result revealed that almost half of children are still subjected to traditional uvulectomy in Ethiopia. There is a need to intensify awareness creation campaigns against the practice by giving special attention to rural residents and uneducated ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Abraham Negash
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dureti Abdurahman
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Usmael Jibro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fethia Mohammed
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University(1), Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibsa Mussa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merga BT, Raru TB, Deressa A, Regassa LD, Gamachu M, Negash B, Birhanu A, Turi E, Ayana GM. The effect of health insurance coverage on antenatal care utilizations in Ethiopia: evidence from national survey. Front Health Serv 2023; 3:1101164. [PMID: 37869683 PMCID: PMC10587574 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background About three-fourths of maternal near-miss events and two-fifths of the risk of neonatal mortality can be reduced by having at least one antenatal visit. Several studies have identified potential factors related to maternal health seeking behavior. However, the association between health insurance membership and antenatal care utilization was not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the effect of health insurance coverage on antenatal care use in Ethiopia. Methods The study utilized data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The analysis included a weighted sample of 3,919 women who gave birth in the last five years. A logistic regression model was employed to assess the association between antenatal care use and health insurance coverage and other covariates. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05 in all analyses. Results Antenatal care was used by 43% (95% CI: 41.46 to 44.56%) of Ethiopian women. Those with health insurance coverage had higher odds of antenatal care use than those without health insurance coverage. Women were 33% more likely to use antenatal care (ANC) if they were covered by health insurance. Age, Media access, marital status, education status, wealth index, and economic regions were also factors associated with antenatal care utilizations. Conclusions According to our findings, less than half of Ethiopian women had four or more antenatal care visits. Health insurance membership, respondent age, media access, marital status, education status, wealth index, and economic region were factors associated with antenatal care utilization. Improving health insurance, women's economic empowerment, and education coverage are critical determinants of antenatal care utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Degefu N, Edessa D, Getachew M, Motuma A, Regassa LD. In-hospital mortality and length of stay of patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:905-914. [PMID: 37708320 PMCID: PMC10560970 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive crisis poses substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and their predictors among patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. An institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 1 to 31, 2022. The medical records of 328 patients with hypertensive crisis treated at two public hospitals between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2022 were reviewed. Cox proportional hazards regression and negative binomial regression were used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality and LOS, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate of patients with hypertensive crisis was 18.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.08-29.70) per 1000 person-day observation. The median (interquartile range) LOS of these patients was 10 (4-120) hours. Age ≥65 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 3.30; 95% CI: 1.17- 9.33); increment in initial systolic blood pressure (AHR: 1.040; 95% CI: 1.014-1.066); and having acute brain-related damage (AHR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.48-10.88) were predictors of in-hospital mortality. Rural residence (adjusted incident-rate ratio (IRR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03-1.75); having a history of medication discontinuation (adjusted IRR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16-2.18); comorbidity (adjusted IRR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.49-2.43); acute brain-related damage (adjusted IRR: 13.32; 95% CI: 9.22-19.24), acute cardiac-related damage (adjusted IRR: 7.40; 95% CI: 4.90-11.16); and acute kidney injury (adjusted IRR: 7.64; 95% CI: 5.46-10.69) were predictors of LOS. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies that allow early screening and follow-up of patients at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natanim Degefu
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyCollege of Health and Medical SciencesHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| | - Dumessa Edessa
- Department of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyCollege of Health and Medical SciencesHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| | - Melaku Getachew
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineSchool of MedicineCollege of Health and Medical SciencesHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| | - Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyCollege of Health and Medical SciencesHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthCollege of Health and Medical SciencesHaramaya UniversityHararEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Motuma A, Gobena T, Roba KT, Berhane Y, Worku A, Regassa LD, Tolera A. Co-occurrence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes: prevalence and associated factors among Haramaya University employees in Eastern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1038694. [PMID: 37497022 PMCID: PMC10366366 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1038694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both hypertension (HTN) and diabetes are public health concerns in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. The co-occurrence of HTN and diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mortality, morbidity, and reduced productivity in the working force. In Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the co-occurrence of HTN and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the co-occurrence of HTN and T2DM and their associated factors among Haramaya University employees in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,200 employees at Haramaya University using a simple random sampling technique from December 2018 to February 2019. Demographic and behavioral factors were collected on a semi-structured questionnaire, followed by measurement of anthropometry and blood pressure. Blood glucose and lipid profile measurements were performed by collecting 6 ml of venous blood samples after 8 h of overnight fasting. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 version and analyzed using Stata 16 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied to observe the association between independent variables with co-occurrence of HPN and T2DM using odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of HTN and T2DM was 27.3 and 7.4%, respectively. The co-occurrence of HTN and T2DM was 3.8%. The study found that being older (AOR = 3.97; 95 % CI: 1.80-8.74), khat chewing (AOR = 2.76; 95 % CI: 1.23-6.18), body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR = 5.11; 95 % CI: 2.06-12.66), and sedentary behavior ≥8 h per day (AOR = 6.44; 95 % CI: 2.89-14.34) were statistically associated with co-occurrence of HTN and T2DM. On the other hand, consuming fruits and vegetables (AOR = 0.10; 95 % CI: 0.04-0.22) and a higher level of education (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.89) were negatively statistically associated with the co-occurrence of HTN and T2DM. Conclusion The co-occurrence of HTN and T2DM was prevalent among the study participants. This may create a substantial load on the healthcare system as an end result of increased demand for healthcare services. Therefore, rigorous efforts are needed to develop strategies for screening employees to tackle the alarming increase in HTN and T2DM in university employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Tolera
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raru TB, Merga BT, Mulatu G, Deressa A, Birhanu A, Negash B, Gamachu M, Regassa LD, Ayana GM, Roba KT. Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in East Africa Countries: A Multilevel Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605807. [PMID: 37325176 PMCID: PMC10267305 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To find out the determinants of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among under-five children in East Africa based on the 2017 revised indicator. Methods: Secondary data from the demographic and health survey (DHS) of eight countries in East Africa were combined. A total of 27,223 weighted samples of children aged 6-59 months were included. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of dietary diversity. Results: The magnitude of adequate MDD in East Africa was found to be 10.47% with 95% CI (10.12-10.84) with the lowest and highest magnitude in Ethiopia and Rwanda respectively. Having a mother in the age group of 35-49, having a mother with higher educational attainment, and having a post-natal check-up within 2 months were significant factors in determining adequate MDD. Conclusion: The magnitude of adequate MDD intake among children aged 6-59 months in East Africa is relatively low. Therefore, strengthening interventions focused on improving the economic status of households, the educational status of mothers, and diversified food consumption of children aged 6-59 months should get priority to improve the recommended feeding practice of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Mulatu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Departments of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haeuser E, Serfes AL, Cork MA, Yang M, Abbastabar H, Abhilash ES, Adabi M, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adeyinka DA, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmadi K, Ahmed MB, Akalu Y, Akinyemi RO, Akunna CJ, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alene KA, Alhassan RK, Alipour V, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anvari D, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asemahagn MA, Jafarabadi MA, Awedew AF, Quintanilla BPA, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azene ZN, Darshan BB, Babalola TK, Baig AA, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Bell AW, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bijani A, Bitew ZW, Bohlouli S, Bolarinwa OA, Boloor A, Bozicevic I, Butt ZA, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chowdhury MAK, Chu DT, Cowden RG, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darteh EKM, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, Weaver ND, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Deribe K, Deuba K, Dharmaratne S, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Didarloo A, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Dubljanin E, Duko B, El Tantawi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Eyawo O, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Ezzikouri S, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fernandes E, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gebregiorgis BG, Gebremedhin KB, Getacher L, Ghadiri K, Ghashghaee A, Golechha M, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamidi S, Hashi A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Herteliu C, Ho HC, Holla R, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Islam RM, Iwu CCD, Jakovljevic M, Jha RP, Ji JS, Johnson KB, Joseph N, Joshua V, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Matin BK, Karimi SE, Kayode GA, Karyani AK, Keramati M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Laxminarayana SLK, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo BK, Kugbey N, Kulkarni V, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Larson HJ, Lasrado S, Lee PH, Li S, Liu X, Maleki A, Malik P, Mansournia MA, Martins-Melo FR, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Mirica A, Moazen B, Mohamad O, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moradi M, Moraga P, Mubarik S, Mulu GBB, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Naimzada MD, Naveed M, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Ngalesoni FN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Orisakwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, Mahesh PA, Padubidri JR, Pana A, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Kan FP, Patton GC, Pawar S, Peprah EK, Postma MJ, Preotescu L, Syed ZQ, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahmani AM, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Regassa LD, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riaz MA, Ribeiro AI, Ross JM, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Moghaddam SS, Sagar R, Sahiledengle B, Sahu M, Salem MR, Kafil HS, Samy AM, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Seidu AA, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shiferaw WS, Shin JI, Shrestha R, Singh JA, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soltani S, Sufiyan MB, Tabuchi T, Tadesse EG, Taveira N, Tesfay FH, Thapar R, Tovani-Palone MR, Tsegaye GW, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Villafañe JH, Violante FS, Vo B, Vu GT, Wado YD, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang Y, Ward P, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilson K, Yaya S, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Hay SI, Dwyer-Lindgren L. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018. BMC Med 2022; 20:488. [PMID: 36529768 PMCID: PMC9760541 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across SSA. METHODS We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. RESULTS We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. CONCLUSIONS As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Haeuser
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Audrey L Serfes
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael A Cork
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mingyou Yang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hedayat Abbastabar
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E S Abhilash
- Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India
| | - Maryam Adabi
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Victor Adekanmbi
- Department of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Saira Afzal
- Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keivan Ahmadi
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muktar Beshir Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna
- Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Turki M Alanzi
- Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Kaba Alhassan
- Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nelson Alvis-Guzman
- Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
- Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saeed Amini
- Department of Health Services Management, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Dickson A Amugsi
- Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Ancuceanu
- Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olatunde Aremu
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy Advocacy Innovation & Research in Africa (CHPAIR-Africa), Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Samad Azari
- Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - B B Darshan
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tesleem Kayode Babalola
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Till Winfried Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arielle Wilder Bell
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikha Bhardwaj
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Krittika Bhattacharyya
- Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zebenay Workneh Bitew
- Nutrition Department, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Somayeh Bohlouli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Archith Boloor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Ivana Bozicevic
- WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zahid A Butt
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rosario Cárdenas
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felix Carvalho
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
- Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park West, South Africa
| | - Saad M A Dahlawi
- Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Aso Mohammad Darwesh
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - José das Neves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicole Davis Weaver
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan-Walter De Neve
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kebede Deribe
- Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Keshab Deuba
- National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samath Dharmaratne
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Rosales, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Alireza Didarloo
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dorostkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eleonora Dubljanin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu
- Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nelsensius Klau Fauk
- Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Filip
- Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
- School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Foigt
- Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | | | - Mohamed M Gad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lemma Getacher
- Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahaveer Golechha
- Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Harish Chander Gugnani
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
- Department of Epidemiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
| | | | | | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samer Hamidi
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdiwahab Hashi
- Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassankhani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Claudiu Herteliu
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- School of Business, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Irena M Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Rakibul M Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chidozie C D Iwu
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ravi Prakash Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kimberly B Johnson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Vasna Joshua
- National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Leila R Kalankesh
- School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rohollah Kalhor
- Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Naser Kamyari
- Department of Biostatistics, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Behzad Karami Matin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Salah Eddin Karimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gbenga A Kayode
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Kazemi Karyani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Khatab
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, USA
| | | | - Yun Jin Kim
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacek A Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada
| | | | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Barthelemy Kuate Defo
- Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nuworza Kugbey
- University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Iván Landires
- Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Heidi Jane Larson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Savita Lasrado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Paul H Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Preeti Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Walter Mendoza
- Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
| | - Ritesh G Menezes
- Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tuomo J Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Andreea Mirica
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Babak Moazen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yousef Mohammad
- Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Salahuddin Mohammed
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Shafiu Mohammed
- Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Getaneh Baye B Mulu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
- Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
- Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
| | - Mukhammad David Naimzada
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javad Nazari
- Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Frida N Ngalesoni
- Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Chukwudi A Nnaji
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
- Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Vincent Ebuka Nwatah
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of International Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bogdan Oancea
- Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Omar Bali
- Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Obinna E Onwujekwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Nikita Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - P A Mahesh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Jagadish Rao Padubidri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Adrian Pana
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - George C Patton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shrikant Pawar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emmanuel K Peprah
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maarten J Postma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Liliana Preotescu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zahiruddin Quazi Syed
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Amir Radfar
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Rahmani
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juwel Rana
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research and Innovation Division, South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
- Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sowmya J Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
| | - David Laith Rawaf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Salman Rawaf
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mavra A Riaz
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jennifer M Ross
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Enrico Rubagotti
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras (Center for Research in Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases), Universidad ICESI (ICESI University), Cali, Colombia
| | - Susan Fred Rumisha
- Malaria Atlas Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health Statistics, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Maitreyi Sahu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marwa Rashad Salem
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdallah M Samy
- Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, QLD, Townsville, Australia
| | - Amira A Shaheen
- Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roman Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nuno Taveira
- University Institute "Egas Moniz", Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fisaha Haile Tesfay
- School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Modestum LTD, London, UK
| | | | - Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Francesco S Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bay Vo
- Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yohannes Dibaba Wado
- Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard G Wamai
- Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Ward
- Centre for Health Policy Research, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ayana GM, Raru TB, Deressa A, Regassa LD, Gamachu M, Negash B, Birhanu A, Merga B. Association of alcohol consumption with abortion among ever-married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:1028166. [PMID: 36589150 PMCID: PMC9795045 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1028166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A miscarriage or a spontaneous loss of a pregnancy that occurs before the 20th week is an abortion. Even though numerous recommendations state that pregnant women should abstain from alcohol at all stages of pregnancy, alcohol intake among pregnant women is common. However, there are few papers addressing the effect of alcohol use on miscarriage using nationally representative data. Moreover, the association of alcohol use with abortion and its mechanisms is not well studied in the Ethiopian region. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the association of alcohol use with abortion rates among reproductive age (15-49) women in Ethiopia. Methods Using the most recent findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), secondary data analysis was performed among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A total of 11,396 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years who were of reproductive age were included in the research. To characterize the study population, descriptive statistics were used. The variability was considered using the multilevel binary logistic regression model. A multilevel binary logistic model was used to determine the effect of alcohol intake on abortion while controlling for potential confounders. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for the response variable. Results The proportion of women who had an abortion was 10.46% with a 95% CI of 9.92-11.03. In the final model of the multilevel analysis, age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.13; 95% CI: 3.86-9.73], education level (AOR = 1.29; 95 and CI: 1.10-1.51), alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18-1.61), age at first sex (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.39), media exposure (AOR = 1.28, CI: 1.10-1.48), contraceptive use (AOR = 1.34, CI: 1.16-1.56), and occupation of respondent (AOR = 1.21, CI: 1.06-1.38) were identified to be significant determinants of abortion in Ethiopia. Conclusion Sexual and reproductive health education and family planning programs should target older women in the reproductive age group, women with primary educational status, working women, and those who initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age considering it could reduce abortion and unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, as part of sexual and reproductive health education, the adverse effect of alcohol consumption on abortion should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Temam Beshir Raru
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,Department of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regassa LD, Tola A, Daraje G, Dheresa M. Trends and determinants of pregnancy loss in eastern Ethiopia from 2008 to 2019: analysis of health and demographic surveillance data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:671. [PMID: 36045340 PMCID: PMC9429487 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy losses remain a neglected issue and it will be taking more than a century before a pregnant woman in Sub Sahara has the same chance of her baby being born alive as a woman in a high-income country. Pregnancy loss data are limited and not universal in Sub Saharan countries. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of pregnancy loss in eastern Ethiopia. Methods This study was conducted in, open continues and dynamic cohort of population, Kersa Health and Demographic Survillance site (HDSS) in Eastern Ethiopia in 2008–2019. All mothers who had known pregnancy outcomes during the period and reside in Kersa HDSS were considered. The prevalence proportions were calculated as the sum of all pregnancy loss divided by the number births in the specified year. Log-Binomial regression was used to determine factors associated with pregnancy loss. Prevalence Proportion Ratio (PPR) was used to report the magnitude and strength of association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 39,153 included pregnancies, 810 (20.7; 95%CI:19.32, 22.15 per 1000 births) experienced pregnancy loss. Stillbirth was higher than abortion (11.14 Vs. 9.55 per 1000 births). Lacking own income (aPPR:1.26; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.58), being daily laborer (aPPR:1.44; 95%:1.08, 306) history of previous pregnancy loss (aPPR:2.26, 95%CI:1.69, 3.03), unwanted pregnancy (aPPR:1.26; 95%CI:1.01, 1.80), not receiving antenatal care (aPPR:1.59; 95%CI: 1.19, 2.13) and not receive the TT-vaccine during pregnancy (aPPR:1.33; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.80) were positively associated with pregnancy loss. Conclusions The overall rate pregnancy loss was ranged between 19.32, 22.15 per 1000 births with higher still births than miscarriage or abortion. Pregnancy loss was positively associated with social factors reproductive health factors, and maternal health service utilization.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bekele H, Debella A, Getachew T, Balis B, Tamiru D, Eyeberu A, Tiruye G, Kure MA, Habte S, Eshetu B, Regassa LD, Mesfin S, Alemu A, Dessie Y, Shiferaw K. Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization, Vertical Transmission, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:851434. [PMID: 35651858 PMCID: PMC9149289 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.851434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization is the most common route for early onset neonatal GBS diseases. A good understanding of the rate of maternal GBS colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles is needed to formulate a broad protection mechanism, like vaccine preparation. For that reason, this meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of GBS recto-vaginal colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Ethiopia. Methods Both published and unpublished studies were searched from MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences databases, and Google Scholar. Independent selection was then carried out by the authors based on the eligibility criteria and data extraction using Microsoft excel. The authors then used STATA version 14.1 software for further cleaning and analysis. The review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) PRISMA guidelines. Using the random-effect model, the prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and forest plot were used to present the findings. Besides, the studies' heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane chi-square (I2) statistics, while Egger intercept was used to assess publication bias. Results This review included nineteen studies. The pooled prevalence of recto-vaginal colonization was 15% (95% CI: 11, 19), while the prevalence of vertical transmission was 51% (95% CI: 45, 58) and highest-level susceptibility to vancomycin was 99% (95% CI: 98, 100). However, the GBS susceptibility to tetracycline was 23% (95% CI: 9, 36). Conclusions Nearly one out of seven pregnant women in Ethiopia had recto-vaginal colonization of GBS. As a result, half of the pregnancies end with vertical transmission of GBS. Hence, the review emphasizes that policy and programs should consider planning and implementing prophylactic programs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021287540.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Tiruye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdurke Kure
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Habte
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sinetibeb Mesfin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kasiye Shiferaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Challa JM, Getachew T, Debella A, Merid M, Atnafe G, Eyeberu A, Birhanu A, Regassa LD. Inadequate Hand Washing, Lack of Clean Drinking Water and Latrines as Major Determinants of Cholera Outbreak in Somali Region, Ethiopia in 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845057. [PMID: 35602140 PMCID: PMC9120658 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cholera remains a serious public health problem characterized by a large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical low-income countries including Ethiopia. The recent cholera outbreak in the Somali region began on 4 September to 1 November 2019. Cholera may spread rapidly through a population so that an early detection and reporting of the cases is mandatory. This study aimed to identify determinants of cholera infection among >5 years of age population in Somali region, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 228 (76 cases and 152 controls, 1:2 ratio) systematically selected population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer and a record review. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of the risk factors of cholera infection with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared a tap-value < 0.05. Results A total of 228 participants (33.3% cases and 66.7% controls) were enrolled in this study. The majority of the cases were in the range of 20–49 years of age (69.7%). The odds of acquiring cholera infection increased significantly by drinking unsafe pipe water (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.65–11.2), not having a household level toilet/latrine (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 1.57–6.76), hand washing only sometimes after the toilet (AOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.58–5.86) and not using water purification methods (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.13–4.54). Conclusion Major risk factors for cholera infection were related to drinking water and latrine hygiene. Improvement in awareness creation about cholera prevention and control methods, including water treatment, hygiene and sanitation were crucial in combating this cholera outbreak. Primary public health actions are ensuring clean drinking water, delivery of water purification tablets, soap and hand sanitizers and provision of health care and outbreak response. Long term goals in cholera affected areas include comprehensive water and sanitation strategies. Overall, the strategic role of a multi-sectoral approach in the design and implementation of public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling cholera are essential to avert cholera outbreaks. Preparedness should be highlighted in cholera prone areas like Somali region especially after drought periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Mussa Challa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Tamirat Getachew ; orcid.org/0000-0002-0057-9062
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Merid
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Genanaw Atnafe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Misganaw A, Naghavi M, Walker A, Mirkuzie AH, Giref AZ, Berheto TM, Waktola EA, Kempen JH, Eticha GT, Wolde TK, Deguma D, Abate KH, Abegaz KH, Ahmed MB, Akalu Y, Aklilu A, Alemu BW, Asemahagn MA, Awedew AF, Balakrishnan S, Bekuma TT, Beyene AS, Beyene MG, Bezabih YM, Birhanu BT, Chichiabellu TY, Dachew BA, Dagnew AB, Demeke FM, Demissie GD, Derbew Molla M, Dereje N, Deribe K, Desta AA, Eshetu MK, Ferede TY, Gebreyohannes EA, Geremew A, Gesesew HA, Getacher L, Glenn SD, Hafebo AS, Hashi A, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Hordofa DF, Huluko DH, Kasa AS, Kassahun Azene G, Kebede EM, Kebede HK, Kelkay B, Kidane SZ, Legesse SM, Manamo WA, Melaku YAA, Mengesha EW, Mengesha SD, Merie HE, Mersha AM, Mersha AG, Mirutse MK, Mohammed AS, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Netsere HB, Nigatu D, Obsa MS, Odo DB, Omer M, Regassa LD, Sahiledengle B, Shaka MF, Shiferaw WS, Sidemo NB, Sinke AH, Sintayehu Y, Sorrie MB, Tadesse BT, Tadesse EG, Tamir Z, Tamiru AT, Tareke AA, Tefera YG, Tekalegn Y, Tesema AK, Tesema TT, Tesfay FH, Tessema ZT, Tilahun T, Tsegaye GW, Tusa BS, Weledesemayat GT, Yazie TS, Yeshitila YG, Yirdaw BW, Zegeye DT, Murray CJL, Gebremedhin LT. Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019: a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2022; 399:1322-1335. [PMID: 35294898 PMCID: PMC8987934 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. METHODS We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. FINDINGS The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6·91 (95% UI 6·59-7·20) in 1990 to 4·43 (4·01-4·92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6·41 (5·96-6·86) in Somali to 1·50 (1·26-1·80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21·93 years (21·79-22·07), from 46·91 years (45·71-48·11) in 1990 to 68·84 years (67·51-70·18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70·86 years (68·91-72·65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63·74 years (61·53-66·01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353·38 per 100 000 population (1195·69-1526·19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. INTERPRETATION There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kibret H, Tadesse B, Debella A, Degefa M, Regassa LD. Level and predictors of nurse caring behaviors among nurses serving in inpatient departments in public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:76. [PMID: 35365137 PMCID: PMC8972678 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing practice is centered on caring and nurses’ behaviour has an impact on the quality of patient care and it is predictive of patient satisfaction,however, many nurses, in reality, do not exhibit caring behavior when providing nursing care to clients. This study was aimed to assess the level and predictors of nurse caring behaviors among nurses serving in inpatient departments in public hospitals in Harari Region of Ethiopia from March 10 to April 10, 2021. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 nurses providing inpatient service in public hospitals in the Harari region of eastern Ethiopia. All permanent nurses working in major inpatient services of two public hospitals, namely Jugal General Hospital (JGH) and Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH) were included. The English version of the CNPI-Nurse scale was used to determine the level of caring behavior. The association was reported using the crude and adjusted odds ratios along with the 95% confidence interval. The statistical significance of the association was declared at p-value < 0.05. Result The caring behavior was classified as high and low based on the median score. According to this study only 51.67% (95% CI:45.97, 57.35%) of nurses had good caring behavior. The odds of having good caring behavior were 2.22 (AOR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.20, 4.10) times higher among nurses working in good working environment compared to those who work in bad working environment. Nurses who were satisfied with their job had 2.79 (AOR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.54, 5.08) times higher odds of good caring behavior than those who were not satisfied with their job. Similarly, nurses who had a lower workload had a 3.01 (AOR: 3.01, 95%CI: 1.70, 5.33) times higher probability of having good caring behavior from nurses compared to nurses who reported having a high workload. Conclusion The level of nurses caring behavior is not satisfactory and it is influenced by working environment characteristics, job satisfaction and workload. Therefore it necessary to creat conducive working environment, provide adequate time and resources inorder to improve the level of nurses caring behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haregeweyn Kibret
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Barkot Tadesse
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Degefa
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, PO Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Regassa LD, Tola A, Weldesenbet AB, Tusa BS. Prevalence and associated factors of home delivery in Eastern Africa: Further analysis of data from the recent Demographic and Health Survey data. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221088083. [PMID: 35342629 PMCID: PMC8949735 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221088083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the magnitude of home delivery and its associated factors in East Africa using data from the Demographic and Health Survey. Methods: We pooled data from the Demographic and Health Survey of the 11 East African countries and included a total weighted sample of 126,107 women in the study. The generalized linear mixed model was fitted to identify factors associated with home delivery. Variables with adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and p value < 0.05 in the final generalized linear mixed model were reported to declare significantly associated factors with home delivery. Result: The weighted prevalence of home delivery was 23.68% (95% confidence interval: [23.45, 23.92]) among women in East African countries. Home delivery was highest in Ethiopia (72.5%) whereas, it was lowest in Mozambique (2.8%). In generalized linear mixed model, respondent’s age group, marital status, educational status, place of residence, living country, wealth index, media exposure, and number of children ever born were shown significant association with the home delivery in the East African countries, Conclusion: Home delivery varied between countries in the East African zone. Home delivery was significantly increased among women aged 20–34 years, higher number of ever born children, rural residence, never married, or formerly married participants. On the contrary, home delivery decreased with higher educational level, media exposure, and higher wealth index. Wide-range interventions to reduce home delivery should focus on addressing inequities associated with maternal education, family wealth, increased access to the media, and narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas, poor and rich families, and married and unmarried mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Motuma A, Demissie Regassa L, Gobena T, Teji Roba K, Berhane Y, Worku A. Almost all working adults have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases: Survey of working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264698. [PMID: 35226698 PMCID: PMC8884490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The disease burden and mortality related to Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) increased in the last couple of decades in Ethiopia. As a result, an estimated 300,000 deaths per annum were due to NCD. According to a World Health Organization report, 39% of the total deaths in Ethiopia were attributable to NCD. Rapid urbanization characterized by unhealthy lifestyles such as tobacco and/or alcohol use, physical inactivity, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight drive the rising burden of NCD. However, studies on risk factors for NCD and associated variables are limited among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the magnitude of the risk factors of NCD and associated factors among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,200 working adults in Eastern Ethiopia that were selected using a simple random sampling technique from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected following the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (WHO STEP) instruments translated into the local language. A total of five risk factors were included in the study. The Negative Binomial Regression Model was used to determine the association between NCD risk factor scores and other independent variables. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to report the findings while the association was declared significant at a p-value of less than 0.05. STATA version 16.1 was used for data clearing, validating and statistical analysis. Results Totally, 1,164 (97% response rate) participants were employed for analysis. Overall, 95.8% (95% CI: 94.4–96.7%) of the participants had at least one of the five risk factors of NCD. Furthermore, the proportion of participants that had all NCD risk factors was 0.3%. Among the participants, 47.5% were alcohol drinkers, 5.1% were current smokers, 35.5% were overweight, 49.1% exercise low physical activity, and 95% had less than five portions of fruits and vegetables intake per day. Higher risk factor scores were associated with those of advanced age (AIRR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.53 in 35–44 age group and AIRR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01–1.62 in 45–54 age group), and the ones who are higher educational level (AIRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07–1.43 for those who have completed secondary school and AIRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.50 for those who have completed college education). Conclusion The overwhelming majority (95.8%) of the participants had at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases. The risk score of non-communicable diseases was higher among those with advanced age and who completed secondary and above levels of education. In a nutshell, the finding shows the need for lifestyle modification and comprehensive non-communicable diseases prevention programs for working adults in Eastern Ethiopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Motuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kibret H, Tadesse B, Debella A, Degefa M, Regassa LD. The Association of Nurses Caring Behavior with the Level of Patient Satisfaction, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia. NRR 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/nrr.s345901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
22
|
Roba AA, Tola A, Dugassa D, Tefera M, Gure T, Worku T, Ayele AT, Dasa TT, Workie HM, Asfaw MM, Asfaw A, Mesfin F, Regassa LD, Dessie Y, Abera F, Yeshitila M, Girma M, Gezahagn M, Tezera F, Assefa N, Roba KT. Antenatal care utilization and nutrition counseling are strongly associated with infant and young child feeding knowledge among rural/semi-urban women in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1013051. [PMID: 36245728 PMCID: PMC9557120 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in evidence linking antenatal care (ANC) utilization, nutrition counseling, and knowledge of pregnant women about infant and young child feeding (IYCF), particularly in low-income settings. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the association between ANC follow-up and nutrition counseling with IYCF knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 pregnant women in the rural kebeles of the Harari region from January to June 2019. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews on tablet computers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed. An adjusted odds ratio (with 95% CI) was used to determine the strength of association between IYCF knowledge with ANC follow-up and nutrition counseling by adjusting for educational status, occupation, gravida, and distance to the nearest health center. Overall, 54.4% [95% CI 49.2, 59.2] of currently pregnant women were knowledgeable about IYCF of which only 20% started ANC follow-up and 24.4% received nutrition counseling. Out of 288 multigravida women, only 51.4% had ANC follow-up during their last pregnancy. In the adjusted model, ANC follow-up during the current pregnancy (AOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.07-3.22), those who received nutrition counseling (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09-3.38), literate in education (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07-2.73), multigravida (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.12-3.43), and far from the nearest health center (AOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97) were significantly associated with the mothers IYCF knowledge. Thus, health care providers should encourage mothers to attend ANC during pregnancy and provide nutrition counseling about the IYCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Abrham Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Dugassa
- Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Maleda Tefera
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadese Gure
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshager Worku
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Abiyot Asfaw
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Firehiwot Mesfin
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yadeta Dessie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Abera
- College of Agriculture, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Yeshitila
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meskerem Girma
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Gezahagn
- College of Agriculture, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Feven Tezera
- College of Agriculture, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Assefa N, Regassa LD, Teklemariam Z, Oundo J, Madrid L, Dessie Y, Scott J. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in women attending antenatal care in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based surveillance. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055834. [PMID: 34819290 PMCID: PMC8613670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted serosurveillance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among pregnant women attending their first antenatal care. SETTING The surveillance was set in one referral hospital in Harar, one district hospital and one health centre located in Haramaya district in rural eastern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS We collected questionnaire data and a blood sample from 3312 pregnant women between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021. We selected 1447 blood samples at random and assayed these for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at Hararghe Health Research laboratory using WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Test for total immunoglobulin. OUTCOME We assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and temporal trends in seroprevalence were analysed with a χ2 test for trend and multivariable binomial regression. RESULTS Among 1447 sera tested, 83 were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies giving a crude seroprevalence of 5.7% (95% CI 4.6% to 7.0%). Of 160 samples tested in April-May 2020, none was seropositive; the first seropositive sample was identified in June and seroprevalence rose steadily thereafter (χ2 test for trend, p=0.003) reaching a peak of 11.8% in February 2021. In the multivariable model, seroprevalence was approximately 3% higher in first-trimester mothers compared with later presentations, and rose by 0.75% (95% CI 0.31% to 1.20%) per month of calendar time. CONCLUSIONS This clinical convenience sample illustrates the dynamic of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia; infection was rare before June 2020 but it spread in a linear fashion thereafter, rather than following intermittent waves, and reached 10% by the beginning of 2021. After 1 year of surveillance, most pregnant mothers remained susceptible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Zelalem Teklemariam
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph Oundo
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lola Madrid
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jag Scott
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dheresa M, Dessie Y, Negash B, Balis B, Getachew T, Mamo Ayana G, Merga BT, Regassa LD. Child Vaccination Coverage, Trends and Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia: Implication for Sustainable Development Goals. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2657-2667. [PMID: 34584421 PMCID: PMC8464587 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s325705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, immunization prevents about 4–5 million child fatalities from vaccine preventable morbidities. Conversely, in Ethiopia, achieving full coverage of vaccination has continued to be challenging. Socio-demographic, caregivers and child related factors determine vaccination coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to find out recent coverage, trends in coverage, and its predictors in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A population-based longitudinal study design was conducted among 14,246 children aged 12–24 months from 2017 to 2021 in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System site (KHDSS). The data were collected from caregivers of the child by face to face interview. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of vaccination. The association between vaccination coverage and its predictors was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. A p-value of <0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Results From the 14,198 included children, only 39% of children were fully vaccinated, with highest proportion in 2020 (45%) and lowest proportion in 2019 (32%). In comparison to fully vaccinated, being partially vaccinated was positively associated with older maternal age, rural residence, unemployment, rich wealth index, no antenatal care, facility delivery, and birth order whereas negatively associated with semi-urban residence. In compared to fully vaccinated, being not vaccinated was positively associated with older maternal age, rural residence, maternal education, unemployment, and no antenatal care whereas negatively associated with semi-urban residence, poor wealth index, multipara, grand multipara, and facility delivery. Conclusion Less than two-fifths of children aged 12 to 24 months were fully vaccinated. Socio-demographic factors and maternity care utilization were found to be predictors of vaccination coverage. Therefore, strategies that emphasize women’s empowerment in terms of education, economy, and employment status, and enhancing maternal healthcare utilization may improve vaccination coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merga Dheresa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fekadu Wakasa B, Oljira L, Demena M, Demissie Regassa L, Binu Daga W. Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually experienced secondary school students in Guduru, Ethiopia. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101398. [PMID: 34040934 PMCID: PMC8142265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents at secondary schools are susceptible to engaging in risky sexual behavior (RSB) due to their teenage stage and the new environment they face. Limited researches in district towns have evaluated the RSB among adolescents with various findings. This study aimed to assess the RSB and associated factors among sexually experienced secondary school students. School-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Guduru district from March 4-8, 2019. A total of 1236 secondary school students were undergoing a survey. The data were collected using a pretested anonymously self-administered questionnaire and students who reported having ever had sex were evaluated for RSB. From all participants, 352 (29.8%) had ever started sexual intercourse from which 240 (68.2%) students were involved in RSB. During the multivariable logistic regression analysis, sex (AOR: 3.73; 95%CI: [1.71-8.14]), father educational level (AOR: 0.37; 95%CI: [0.16-0.84]), drinking alcohol (AOR: 2.76; 95%CI: [1.29-5.69]), perceived peer pressure (AOR: 4.22; 95%CI: [1.59, 11.24]), communication with parents (AOR: 9.58, 95%CI: [3.53, 25.94]), and perceived parental monitoring (AOR: 0.33; 95%CI: [0.14-79]) were significantly associated with RSB. This study outlined that the majority of sexually active adolescents are involved in RSB. Interventions at the health facility and school level should focus on the identified determinants of sexual behaviors among adolescents to minimize the risky consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 135, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Melake Demena
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 135, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 135, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Wakgari Binu Daga
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.BOX 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Regassa LD, Tola A. Magnitude and predictors of hospital admission, readmission, and length of stay among patients with type 2 diabetes at public hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:74. [PMID: 33866969 PMCID: PMC8054433 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) represents one of the leading causes for hospital admissions and outpatient visits. Hence, T2D continuously imposes a significant burden to healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of hospital admission, readmission rates, and length of hospital stay among T2D patients in government hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia from 2013 to 2017. METHODS This study utilized retrospective data from a cohort of T2D patients following their treatment in government hospitals in Harari regional state of Ethiopia. Predictor of hospital admission was determined using parametric survival analysis methods. The readmission rate and length of hospital stay were determined by Poisson regression and mixed effect Poisson regression, respectively. All association were performed at 95% confidence level. Significance of association with determinants was reported using the hazard rate for hospital admission, and the incidence rate for readmission and length of hospital stay. Optimal model for each outcome was selected by using information criteria after fitness was checked. RESULTS The hospital admission rate for T2D patients was 9.85 (95%CI: 8.32, 11.66) per 1000-person-year observation. Alcohol drinking, inactive lifestyle, being a rural resident, history of comorbidities, and experiencing chronic diabetes complications were predictors of hospital admission. Seventy-one (52.2%) of the admitted patients had a history of readmission. Readmission rate was increased by being female, duration of disease, inactive lifestyle, having BMI greater than 29.9 kg/m2, and higher blood glucose. The median time of hospital stay for admitted patients was 18 (IQR:7). The length of hospital stay was longer among females, patients with the history of insulin administration, and higher blood glucose. CONCLUSION Multiple and complex factors were contributing for high diabetes admission and readmission rates as well as for longer in-hospital duration among T2D patients in Harari regional state. Socio-demographic characteristics (sex, place of residence), behavioral factors (alcohol intake, lifestyle), and medical conditions (longer duration of disease, comorbidities, chronic diabetes complications, higher blood glucose level, and treatment modality) were significant determinants of hospital admission, readmission and longer hospital stay among T2D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 135, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 135, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tola A, Regassa LD, Ayele Y. Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic foot ulcers among type 2 diabetic patients attending chronic follow-up clinics at governmental hospitals of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia: A 5-year (2013-2017) retrospective study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:2050312120987385. [PMID: 33552513 PMCID: PMC7838876 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120987385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic foot disease is a growing major public health problem and the
leading cause of prolonged hospital admission, health-related costs, and
reduced quality of life for diabetes patients. This study aimed to determine
the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and its associated factors
among type 2 diabetes patients in Harari Region, East Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from 28 March to 30
April 2018, among type 2 diabetes patients diagnosed between 1 January 2013
and 31 December 2017, at three government hospitals of Harari Region. Data
were collected using a standard checklist format. Data were entered into Epi
Info Version 7 and analyzed using SPSS 24. Binary and multiple logistic
regression models were used to determine the associated factors. Odds ratio
with 95% confidence intervals was used to determine level of
association. Result: A document of 502 type 2 diabetes patients was reviewed and included in the
final analysis in this study. The prevalence of DFU among type 2 diabetes
patients was 21.1%. Being currently married decreased the odds of DFU by 60%
(adjusted odds ratio = 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.96). Factors
associated with increased diabetes ulcers chance were physical inactivity
2.29 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–4.48),
starting treatment with insulin 4.43 times (adjusted odds ratio = 4.43; 95%
confidence interval: 1.84–10.67), obesity 27.76 (adjusted odds
ratio = 27.76; 95% confidence interval: 13.96–55.23), delay to start
follow-up 2.22 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval:
1.03–4.82), history of infection 3.50 (adjusted odds ratio= 3.50; 95%
confidence interval: 1.83–6.69), and hypertension 3.99 (adjusted odds
ratio = 3.99; 95% confidence interval: 2.08–7.65). Conclusion: The prevalence of DFU among type 2 diabetes is substantially high as more
than one in five patients have this complication. Moreover, marital status,
physical activity, baseline medication, obesity, delay for follow-up,
infection history, and hypertension were significantly associated with the
development of DFU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Tola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohanes Ayele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Regassa LD, Tola A, Ayele Y. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Selected Hospitals of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2021; 8:532719. [PMID: 33614562 PMCID: PMC7892600 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.532719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent complication and the leading cause of death among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of CVD. There is a scarcity of data about the magnitude of CVD among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVD among T2DM patients at selected hospitals of Harari regional state of Ethiopia. Methods: This hospital-based retrospective data review was conducted among T2DM patients on follow-up in the diabetes clinics of selected hospitals of Harari regional state. The records of T2DM patients who have been diagnosed between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed from March to April 2018. Data were collected by using structured checklists from all necessary documents of T2DM patients. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 14.1. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with CVD. Result: The records of 454 T2DM patients were extracted from three government hospitals in Harari regional state. Their age was ranging from 15 to 86 years with a mean age (±SD) of 45.39 (14.76). The overall prevalence of CVD among T2DM patients was 42.51%, composed of hypertensive heart diseases (38.99%), heart failure (6.83%), and stroke (2.20%). The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that age older than 60 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.71-6.09], being physically inactive (AOR = 1.45; 95 CI: 1.06-2.38), drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.17-6.06), hypertension (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.52-3.83), body mass index >24.9 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07-3.07), and experiencing microvascular diabetic complications (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 2.01-6.53) were significantly associated with the odds of having CVD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD was high and associated with advanced age, physical inactivity, drinking alcohol, higher body mass index, hypertension, and having microvascular complications. Health care workers should educate T2DM patients about healthy lifestyles like physical activity, weight reduction, blood pressure control, and alcohol secession, which can reduce the risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohanes Ayele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Getaneh DK, Hordofa LO, Ayana DA, Tessema TS, Regassa LD. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated factors in under-five children in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246024. [PMID: 33508023 PMCID: PMC7842931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is one of the most potent zoonotic pathogens that causes mild diarrhea and leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome or death. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of E. coli O157:H7 related to diarrhea among under-five children with acute diarrhea. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was carried out in 2018 on 378 under-five-year children recruited randomly from hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Stool specimens were collected and processed using enrichment, differential and selective medium. Among isolates, E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed using latex test (Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hants, England). Factors associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection were identified using binary and multivariable logistic regression. Associations were reported by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 related diarrhea was 15.3% (95%CI: 11.8-19.5). The E. coli O157:H7 infection was positively associated with rural residence (AOR;3.75, 95%CI:1.26-11.20), consumption of undercooked meat (AOR;3.95, 95%CI: 1.23-12.67), raw vegetables and/or fruit juice (AOR;3.37, 95%CI:1.32-8.62), presence of bloody diarrhea (AOR;4.42, 95% CI:1.78-10.94), number of under-five children in a household (AOR;7.16, 95%CI: 2.90-17.70), presence of person with diarrhea in a household (AOR;4.22, 95% CI: 1.84-12.69), owning domestic animal (AOR;3.87, 95% CI: 1.48-10.12) and uneducated mother (AOR;3.14, 95%CI: 1.05-9.42). CONCLUSION The Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 related diarrhea among under-five children is relatively high in Eastern Ethiopia. The E. coli infection was associated with sanitation and hygiene in a household. Thus, education focused on food cooking and handling, child care, and household sanitation associated with animal manure in rural resident children are helpful in.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tola Gemeda A, Regassa LD, Weldesenbet AB, Merga BT, Legesse N, Tusa BS. Adherence to antihypertensive medications and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2021; 8:2050312120982459. [PMID: 33489230 PMCID: PMC7768850 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120982459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The foundation of controlling hypertension is adherence to antihypertensive medication adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of adherence to antihypertensive medication among adult hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. A comprehensible bibliographic searching was conducted from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection. All published and unpublished studies that had been accessible before 31 May 2020, and written in English were eligible. Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the findings of the included studies. Stata software 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Study-specific estimates were pooled to determine the overall prevalence estimate across studies using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias and heterogeneity were checked. Fourteen studies with a total of 4938 hypertensive patients were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia was 65.41% (95% confidence interval: 58.91-71.91). Sub-group analysis shown that the pooled prevalence of medication adherence was the highest (69.07%, 95% confidence interval: 57.83-80.31, I 2 = 93.51) among studies using questionnaire technique whereas the lowest in Morisky Medication Adherence Scale eight-items (60.66%, 95% confidence interval: 48.92-72.40, I 2 = 97.16). Moreover, medication adherence was associated with the presence of comorbidities (pooled odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.38, p = 0.030, I 2 = 54.9%) and knowledge about the disease and its management (pooled odds ratio = 2.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.72-4.24, p = 0.04, I 2 = 55.55%) but not with place of residence (pooled odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-1.93, p = 0.00, I 2 = 76.9%). Despite a lack of uniformity among included studies, adherence to antihypertensive medication among the hypertensive population in Ethiopia was moderate. The presence of comorbidities and/or complications reduced the odds of adherence whereas having good knowledge about the disease increased chance of medication adherence among hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Tola Gemeda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Nanti Legesse
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tusa BS, Weldesenbet AB, Gemada AT, Merga BT, Regassa LD. Heath related quality of life and associated factors among diabetes patients in sub-Saharan countries: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33494764 PMCID: PMC7831165 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various primary studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan countries on the level of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and their associated factors among diabetic patients. However, the result of these studies lacks consistency. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the pooled level of HRQoL and their associated factors among diabetic patients in sub-Saharan countries. Methods Electronic databases predominantly PubMed were searched. Databases, such as Google and Google scholar, were searched for gray literature. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked by Forest plot and I-squared statistic. Both inverse-variance fixed-effect and DerSimonian and Laird random-effects methods were applied to estimate the pooled level of HRQoL (for both WHO-QoL-BREF and SF-36) and the effect size of associated factors. Result From a total 776 retrieved studies, 16 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled mean score of physical health, psychological, social relation and environmental health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF were 43.12, 47.40, 46.60 and 45.59 respectively. Age had a significant association (pooled β = − 0.47), (pooled β = − 0.24), (pooled β = − 0.32) and (pooled β = − 0.03) with physical health, psychological health, social relation and environmental health domains respectively. Being rural residence (pooled β = − 0.32) was inversely associated with environmental health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF. Increased fasting blood sugar had a significant association (pooled β = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.11, − 0.05), (pooled β = − 0.07) and (pooled β = − 0.004) with physical health, psychological health and environmental health domains respectively. Having Co-morbidity (pooled β = − 6.25) and diabetes related complication (pooled β = − 5.65) were contrarily related to physical health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF. Conclusion The pooled mean of physical and environmental domains of HRQOL scores was the least compared to the psychological and social domains. Being Old age and rural residence, increased fasting blood sugar, having co-morbidity and diabetic related complications were contrarily related to level of HRQoL. Therefore, we recommend that early detection and treatment of diabetes related complication and comorbidity and control of fasting blood sugar. While doing that due attention should be given for old and rural dwellers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Tola Gemada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sori SA, Teji Roba K, Yadeta TA, Jiru HD, Metebo KN, Weldekidan HA, Regassa LD. Knowledge of preconception care and associated factors among maternal health care providers working in urban public health institutions of Eastern Ethiopia. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2021; 17:17455065211046139. [PMID: 34553661 PMCID: PMC8474347 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211046139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Provision of preconception care is significantly affected by the health care
provider’s knowledge of preconception care. In Ethiopia, preconception care
is rare, if even available, as part of maternal health care services. Thus,
this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of preconception care
and associated factors among health care providers working in public health
facilities in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 1 April
2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 415
maternal health care providers. We utilized a structured, pretested, and
self-administered questionnaire to collect data. Data were entered into
EpiData (version 3.1) and exported to STATA (version 16) for analysis.
Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression
analyses were performed. All covariates with a p value ⩽0.20 in bivariate
logistic regression were entered into a multivariate logistic regression
analysis to control the confounding variables; variables with a p value
<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 410 respondents, 247 (60.2%; 95% confidence interval: 55.4–65.1) had
good knowledge of preconception care. Having an educational level of
Bachelor of Science degree and above (adjusted odds ratio: 6.97, 95%
confidence interval: 3.85–12.60), 5 or more years work experience (adjusted
odds ratio: 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–4.49), working in a hospital
(adjusted odds ratio: 2.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–4.99), reading
preconception care guidelines (adjusted odds ratio: 3.06, 95% confidence
interval: 1.40–6.68), and training on preconception (adjusted odds ratio:
2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–6.15) were significantly associated with
good knowledge of preconception care. Conclusions and Recommendations: Three out of five maternal health care providers in this study had good
knowledge of preconception care. Facilitating continuous refreshment
training and continuous professional development for health workers,
preparing comprehensive preconception care guidelines for health
institutions, and reading preconception care guidelines were highly
recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seboka Abebe Sori
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Dinku Jiru
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Keyredin Nuriye Metebo
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Haregwa Asnake Weldekidan
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Regassa LD, Gete YK, Mekonnen FA. Time to acute kidney injury and its predictors among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients at government hospitals in Harari Region, East Ethiopia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215967. [PMID: 31048925 PMCID: PMC6497261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among Type 2 diabetic patients is significantly increasing. But, earlier studies has focused on the admitted patients which may hide the true nature of the Acute Kidney Injury among Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients. So, this study was conducted to determine the time to Acute Kidney Injury and its predictors among Type 2 Diabetic patients in Harari Region, East Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study among type 2 diabetic patients who had been receiving treatment at government hospitals of Harari region, Ethiopia from 2013 to 2017. We extracted data from patients' medical records. We estimated incidence rate and compared survival curves between different exposure groups using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Weibull regression model was fitted to the data to identify the predictor variables. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, 14.5% (95%CI: 11.7-17.9) of the study population developed acute kidney injury, with median survival time of 57 months. The significant predictors were physical activity [Adjusted Time Ratio (ATR):95%CI; 0.6 (0.49-0.75)], congestive heart failure [ATR:95%CI; 0.84 (0.71-0.99)], chronic kidney disease [ATR:95%CI; 0.77(0.65-0.91)], hypertension [ATR:95%CI; 0.78(0.65-0.91)], obesity [ATR:95%CI; 0.84(0.74-0.96)], diabetic nephropathy [ATR:95%CI; 0.80(0.65-0.98)], diuretics & beta blockers [ATR:95%CI; 0.85(0.74-0.97)], and delay of follow-up [ATR:95%CI; 0.97(0.96-0.98)]. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of acute kidney injury was high in our study area. Hence, identification and controlling of comorbidities along with regular monitoring of kidney function are needed to prevent or delay the risk of acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Demissie Regassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Collage of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Yigzaw Kebede Gete
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|