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Dai Y, Xu Y, Jiang D, Bai L, Li Z, Huo P, Liu C, Liu Y. Electromagnetic interference shielding of flexible carboxymethyl cellulose/MWCNT@Fe 3O 4 composite film with ultralow reflection loss. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128604. [PMID: 38056729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, various high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have enormous application potential in electronic field. However, traditional EMI shielding materials often have high conductivity, resulting in the serious mismatch between the impedance of the material surface and the free space, which will cause a large amount of reflection of electromagnetic (EM) waves, leading to secondary reflection pollution. In this paper, we report a novel flexible EMI shielding composite film with extremely low reflection loss and efficient EM wave absorption, which was prepared by assisted self-assembly based on simple vacuum filtration using carboxymethyl cellulose as the matrix and MWCNT@Fe3O4 synthesized by chemical coprecipitation as the composite functional filler. By adjusting the Fe3O4 coating degree of MWCNTs in the filler, the composite film achieved the construction of a conductive network with high Fe3O4 content. Benefit by the good adaptability of conductivity and magnetic permeability, the composite film has good impedance matching ability and microwave absorption performance. The reflection loss of the composite film with the thickness of 28 μm in the X-band was only 0.23 dB, accounting for 1.7 % of the total loss. This work provides new insights for the development of EMI materials and effective mitigation secondary EM wave reflection pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Dai
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dexing Jiang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Long Bai
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Pengfei Huo
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Institute of Petro chemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Huang N, Tang XY, Meng W, Lai YH, Zhou X, Yu XZ, Zhang WH, Chen JX. Immunogenic Radiation Therapy for Enhanced Antitumor Immunity via a Core-Shell Nanosensitizer-Mediated Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Modulation. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19853-19864. [PMID: 37812400 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and weak radiation absorption, the immune response triggered by radiation therapy (RT) is limited. Herein, a core-shell nanosensitizer UiO@MnS (denoted as UM) was genuinely constructed for the amplification of RT efficacy and induction of immunogenicity via integrating MnS-reprogrammed TME with Hf-based UiO-sensitized RT. The acid-sensitive MnS would produce H2S under acidic TME to improve oxygenation through inhibition mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic oxygen consumption, leading to decreased HIF-1α expression and enhanced radiosensitization. In addition, the generated H2S inhibited the catalase activity to increase the H2O2 level, which subsequently enhanced the Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction, resulting in G2/M cell cycle arrest to improve the cellular sensitivity for radiation. This impressive tumor oxygenation, cell cycle arrest, and radiosensitization procedure boosted RT efficacy and resulted in strong antitumor immunogenicity. Taken together, combining the immunosuppressive TME modulation with a sensitizing radiation strategy shows great promise for magnifying immunogenic RT outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ye-Hua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xue-Zhao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Parker JE, Rodriguez RA. Development of a charged model of the SARS-CoV-2 viral surface. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2023; 1865:184136. [PMID: 36746311 PMCID: PMC9898061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A recent study provided experimental evidence of inactivation of viral activity after radio-frequency (RF) exposures in the 6-12 GHz band that was hypothesized to be caused by vibrations of an acoustic dipole mode in the virus that excited the viral membrane to failure. Here, we develop an atomic-scale molecular dynamics (MD) model of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral surface to estimate the electric fields necessary to rupture the viral membrane via dipole shaking of the virus. We computed the absorption spectrum of the system via unbiased MD simulations and found no particular strong absorption in the GHz band. We investigated the mechanical resiliency of the viral membrane by introducing uniaxial strains in the system and observed no pore formation in the membrane for strains up to 50%. Because the computed absorption spectrum was found to be essentially flat, and the strain required to break the viral membrane was >0.5, the field strength associated with rupture of the virus was greater than the dielectric breakdown value of air. Thus, RF disinfection of enveloped viruses would occur only once sufficient heat was transferred to the virus via a thermal mechanism and not by direct action (shaking) of the RF field oscillations on the viral membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Parker
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234-2644, United States.
| | - Roberto A Rodriguez
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234-2644, United States.
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Du Z, Wang D, Zhang X, Yi Z, Tang J, Yang P, Cai R, Yi S, Rao J, Zhang Y. Core-Shell Structured SiO 2@NiFe LDH Composite for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010504. [PMID: 36613944 PMCID: PMC9820398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel core-shell structure material, NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) loaded on SiO2 microspheres (SiO2@NiFe LDH), was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, and the spontaneous electrostatic self-assembly process. The morphology, structure, and microwave absorption properties of SiO2@NiFe LDH nanocomposites with different NiFe element ratios were systematically investigated. The results show that the sample of SiO2@NiFe LDH-3 nanocomposite has excellent microwave absorption properties. It exhibits broadband effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 8.24 GHz (from 9.76 GHz to 18.0 GHz) and the reflection loss is −53.78 dB at the matched thickness of 6.95 mm. It is expected that this SiO2@NiFe-LDH core-shell structural material can be used as a promising non-precious, metal-based material microwave absorber to eliminate electromagnetic wave contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Du
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dashuang Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhiyu Yi
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jihai Tang
- No. 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Pingan Yang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Rui Cai
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinsong Rao
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Correspondence:
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Srivastava R. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties of carotenoids and its optoelectronic and interaction studies with chlorophyll pigments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18365. [PMID: 34526535 PMCID: PMC8443628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of seven carotenoids: antheraxanthin, β-carotene, neoxanthin, peridinin, violaxanthin, xanthrophyll and zeaxanthin were studied by theoretical means. Then the Optoelectronic properties and interaction of chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes are analysed by TDDFT and IGMPLOT. Global reactivity descriptors for carotenoids and chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb) are calculated via conceptual density functional theory (CDFT). The higher HOMO-LUMO (HL) gap indicated structural stability of carotenoid, chlorophyll and chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes. The chemical hardness for carotenoids and Chlorophyll is found to be lower in the solvent medium than in the gas phase. Results showed that carotenoids can be used as good reactive nucleophile due to lower µ and ω. As proton affinities (PAs) are much lower than the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), it is anticipated that direct antioxidant activity in these carotenoids is mainly due to the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism with dominant solvent effects. Also lower PAs of carotenoid suggest that antioxidant activity by the SPLET mechanism should be a result of a balance between proclivities to transfer protons. Reaction rate constant with Transition-State Theory (TST) were estimated for carotenoid-Chlorophyll complexes in gas phase. Time dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) showed that all the chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb)-carotenoid complexes show absorption wavelength in the visible region. The lower S1-T1 adiabatic energy gap indicated ISC transition from S1 to T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Ruiz AJ, Garg S, Streeter SS, Giallorenzi MK, LaRochelle EPM, Samkoe KS, Pogue BW. 3D printing fluorescent material with tunable optical properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17135. [PMID: 34429467 PMCID: PMC8384872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing of fluorescent materials could help develop, validate, and translate imaging technologies, including systems for fluorescence-guided surgery. Despite advances in 3D printing techniques for optical targets, no comprehensive method has been demonstrated for the simultaneous incorporation of fluorophores and fine-tuning of absorption and scattering properties. Here, we introduce a photopolymer-based 3D printing method for manufacturing fluorescent material with tunable optical properties. The results demonstrate the ability to 3D print various individual fluorophores at reasonably high fluorescence yields, including IR-125, quantum dots, methylene blue, and rhodamine 590. Furthermore, tuning of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients is demonstrated within the relevant mamalian soft tissue coefficient ranges of 0.005-0.05 mm-1 and 0.2-1.5 mm-1, respectively. Fabrication of fluorophore-doped biomimicking and complex geometric structures validated the ability to print feature sizes less than 200 μm. The presented methods and optical characterization techniques provide the foundation for the manufacturing of solid 3D printed fluorescent structures, with direct relevance to biomedical optics and the broad adoption of fast manufacturing methods in fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Ruiz
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- QUEL Imaging LLC, 85 N Main Streeet, White River Junction, VT, 05001, USA.
| | - Sadhya Garg
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Samuel S Streeter
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Mia K Giallorenzi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | | | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- QUEL Imaging LLC, 85 N Main Streeet, White River Junction, VT, 05001, USA
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Martínez-Antón JC, Brun A, Vázquez D, Moreno S, Fernández-Balbuena AA, Alda J. Determination of the characteristic inactivation fluence for SARS-CoV-2 under UV-C radiation considering light absorption in culture media. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15293. [PMID: 34315976 PMCID: PMC8316444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The optical absorption coefficient of culture media is critical for the survival analysis of pathogens under optical irradiation. The quality of the results obtained from experiments relies on the optical analysis of the spatial distribution of fluence which also depends on the geometry of the sample. In this contribution, we consider both the geometrical shape and the culture medium's absorption coefficient to evaluate how the spatial distribution of optical radiation affects pathogens/viruses. In this work, we exposed SARS-CoV-2 to UV-C radiation ([Formula: see text] = 254 nm) and we calculated-considering the influence of the optical absorption of the culture medium-a characteristic inactivation fluence of [Formula: see text] = 4.7 J/m2, or an equivalent 10% survival (D90 dose) of 10.8 J/m2. Experimentally, we diluted the virus into sessile drops of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium to evaluate pathogen activity after controlled doses of UV irradiation. To validate the optical absorption mode, we carried out an additional experiment where we varied droplet size. Our model-including optical absorption and geometrical considerations-provides robust results among a variety of experimental situations, and represents our experimental conditions more accurately. These results will help to evaluate the capability of UV disinfecting strategies applied to a variety of everyday situations, including the case of micro-droplets generated by respiratory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Martínez-Antón
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km 8.1, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vázquez
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km 8.1, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio A Fernández-Balbuena
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alda
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain.
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Steensma BR, Meliadò EF, Luijten P, Klomp DWJ, van den Berg CAT, Raaijmakers AJE. SAR and temperature distributions in a database of realistic human models for 7 T cardiac imaging. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4525. [PMID: 33955061 PMCID: PMC8244032 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate inter-subject variability of B1+ , SAR and temperature rise in a database of human models using a local transmit array for 7 T cardiac imaging. METHODS Dixon images were acquired of 14 subjects and segmented in dielectric models with an eight-channel local transmit array positioned around the torso for cardiac imaging. EM simulations were done to calculate SAR distributions. Based on the SAR distributions, temperature simulations were performed for exposure times of 6 min and 30 min. Peak local SAR and temperature rise levels were calculated for different RF shim settings. A statistical analysis of the resulting peak local SAR and temperature rise levels was performed to arrive at safe power limits. RESULTS For RF shim vectors with random phase and uniformly distributed power, a safe average power limit of 35.7 W was determined (first level controlled mode). When RF amplitude and phase shimming was performed on the heart, a safe average power limit of 35.0 W was found. According to Pennes' model, our numerical study suggests a very low probability of exceeding the absolute local temperature limit of 40 °C for a total exposure time of 6 min and a peak local SAR of 20 W/kg. For a 30 min exposure time at 20 W/kg, it was shown that the absolute temperature limit can be exceeded in the case where perfusion does not change with temperature. CONCLUSION Safe power constraints were found for 7 T cardiac imaging with an eight-channel local transmit array, while considering the inter-subject variability of B1+ , SAR and temperature rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart R. Steensma
- Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ettore F. Meliadò
- Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Tesla Dynamic CoilsZaltbommelThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Luijten
- Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. J. Klomp
- Center for Image SciencesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Berezin AS. A Halomanganates(II) with P,P'-Diprotonated Bis(2-Diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether: Wavelength-Excitation Dependence of the Quantum Yield and Role of the Non-Covalent Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6873. [PMID: 34206765 PMCID: PMC8268785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A [H2DPEphos][MnX4] [X = Br, Cl] tetrahalomanganates(II) with P,P'-diprotonated bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether cation has been designed and investigated in photophysics and EPR terms. The complexes exhibit a green luminescence resulted from the Mn(II) d-d transitions (4T1→6A1) with the wavelength-excitation dependence of the quantum yield. The solid [H2DPEphos][MnBr4] complex exhibits a bright green phosphorescence (λmax = 515 nm) with the high luminescence quantum yield depending on the excitation energy whereas the solid [H2DPEphos][MnCl4] complex exhibits a very weak phosphorescence (λmax = 523 nm). The unexpected shorter luminescence lifetime for the [H2DPEphos][MnCl4] than for the [H2DPEphos][MnBr4] at 300 K can be a result of the higher non-radiative relaxation contribution. On the one hand, the non-covalent PH…X(Mn) interactions quench the manganese(II) luminescence. On the other hand, the PH…X(Mn) interactions are a pathway of the excitation transfer from [H2DPEphos]2+ to [MnX4]2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Giménez BN, Schenone AV, Alfano OM, Conte LO. Reaction kinetics formulation with explicit radiation absorption effects of the photo-Fenton degradation of paracetamol under natural pH conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:23946-23957. [PMID: 33398729 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of paracetamol (PCT) in an aqueous medium using the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions was investigated. The aim of this research was the development of a kinetic model based on a reaction mechanism, which includes two main intermediates of PCT degradation and the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA). Ferrioxalate was used as a catalyst and the working pH was adjusted to 5.5 (natural pH). Experimental work was planned through a D-optimal experimental design and performed in a flat plate reactor irradiated by a solar simulator. Hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration, reaction temperature, and radiation level were the operating parameters. The photo-Fenton reaction allowed to reach a minimum relative PCT concentration of 2.01% compared to 5.04% achieved with Fenton reaction. Moreover, the photo-Fenton system required a 50% shorter reaction time and lower HP concentration than in dark conditions (90 min and 189 mg L-1 vs. 180 min and 334 mg L-1, respectively). The experimental results were used to estimate the kinetic parameters of the proposed kinetic model employing a nonlinear, multi-parameter regression method. The values obtained from the normalized root-mean-square error (14.52, 1.96, 4.36, 13.16, and 8.72 % for PCT, benzoquinone, hydroquinone, HP, and oxalate, respectively) showed a good agreement between the predicted and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara N Giménez
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustina V Schenone
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Orlando M Alfano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Leandro O Conte
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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11
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Guo Q, Xiao X, Li C, Kang J, Liu G, Goff HD, Wang C. Catechin-grafted arabinoxylan conjugate: Preparation, structural characterization and property investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:796-805. [PMID: 33865890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high molecular weight arabinoxylan (AX, Mw: 694 kDa) from wheat bran was alkaline extracted and covalently linked with Catechin (CA) by free radical catalytic reaction. Comparing to AX, arabinoxylan-catechin (AX-CA) conjugates demonstrated an extra UV-vis absorption peak at 274 nm, a new FT-IR absorption band at 1516 cm-1 and new proton signals at 6.5-7.5 ppm, which all confirmed the covalently linked structure. Grafting CA onto AX not only decreased the molecular weight, thermal stability and apparent viscosity of AX, but also enhanced its inhibition effects on starch digestibility in vitro. The in vitro fermentation test with pig feces showed that the degradation & utilization rate of AX, the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and acetic acid levels produced all were significantly delayed after grafting. This study provided a novel approach to synthesize AX-CA conjugates that could be a novel dietary fiber of enhanced functional/bioactive properties using in the fields of functional foods and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xingyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chunrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Guorong Liu
- Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - H Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Changlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Ponce Ayala ET, Alves Dias de Sousa F, Vollet-Filho JD, Rodrigues Garcia M, de Boni L, Salvador Bagnato V, Pratavieira S. Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:1032-1044. [PMID: 33446374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic therapy is a promising anticancer technique based on the combination of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy to improve the cancer treatment effectiveness. This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of the sono-photodynamic (SPD) activity on protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) solution and PpIX-loaded rat liver. In vitro, PpIX 5 μM solutions were irradiated with light (635 nm, 30-50 mW/cm2), ultrasound (1 MHz, 1-2 W/cm2) and both. The PpIX absorption spectra recorded over exposure time revealed that the PpIX decay rate induced by SPD activity (combined irradiation) was approximately the sum of those induced by photodynamic and sonodynamic activity. In vivo, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5-aminolevulinic acid at the dose of 500 mg/kg weight. After 3 h of injection, the PpIX-loaded livers were irradiated with light (635 nm, 180 ± 9 J/cm2), ultrasound (1.0 MHz, 770 ± 40 J/cm2) and both using a single probe capable of illuminating and sonicating the liver simultaneously. After 30 h, the liver damage induced by each protocol was analyzed histologically. It was found that a greater necrosis depth was induced by the SPD activity. These results suggest that the SPD activity could improve the PpIX decay rate and have greater scope than photodynamic or sonodynamic activity. Further studies should be performed to gain a better understanding of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo de Boni
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Borile G, Sandrin D, Filippi A, Anderson KI, Romanato F. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: Much More Than Fancy Images. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2657. [PMID: 33800802 PMCID: PMC7961783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has recently passed the milestone of its first 30 years of activity in biomedical research. The growing interest around this approach has led to a variety of applications from basic research to clinical practice. Moreover, this technique offers the advantage of label-free multiphoton imaging to analyze samples without staining processes and the need for a dedicated system. Here, we review the state of the art of label-free techniques; then, we focus on two-photon autofluorescence as well as second and third harmonic generation, describing physical and technical characteristics. We summarize some successful applications to a plethora of biomedical research fields and samples, underlying the versatility of this technique. A paragraph is dedicated to an overview of sample preparation, which is a crucial step in every microscopy experiment. Afterwards, we provide a detailed review analysis of the main quantitative methods to extract important information and parameters from acquired images using second harmonic generation. Lastly, we discuss advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in label-free multiphoton microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Borile
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Kurt I. Anderson
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
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14
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Barbosa da Silva S, Salani R, de Cássia Ferreira R, Gazote Eloy Geraldo Y, Pavani C, Setúbal Destro Rodrigues MF, Motta LJ, Fátima Teixeira Silva D. Can Photons Pass through Primary Coatings Used to Treat Cutaneous Wounds? Adv Skin Wound Care 2021; 34:97-102. [PMID: 33259349 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000721440.25562.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the transmittance spectrum of primary dressings commonly used in the treatment of cutaneous wounds to verify if there is a real need to remove them during photobiomodulation. METHODS Spectroscopic analysis was performed on 17 dressings using a spectrophotometer (USB 2000+; OceanOptics, Delray Beach, Florida). A piece of each dressing was inserted into a quartz cuvette; the reflection from the slide walls was corrected for using a 0.9% saline solution to completely fill the cuvette (baseline). The transmittance of each dressing was measured between 350 and 950 nm, and a transmittance table was created based on the main wavelengths used in photobiomodulation. RESULTS Six dressings (Supriderme, Membracel, Cuticell Contact, UrgoTul, Tegaderm, and Opsite Flexigrid) have a transmittance greater than 50% in most of the spectral range and therefore may remain on wounds during irradiation. CONCLUSIONS It may not always be necessary to remove a primary dressing when lasers or LED lights are used to treat wounds. It is the authors' hope that the results of this article will increase the effectiveness of both photobiomodulation and primary dressings and reduce patient discomfort as well as the cost of primary dressings via a reduction in unnecessary dressing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Barbosa da Silva
- At the Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil, Stefania Barbosa da Silva, MSc, is OR Nurse; Renata Salani, MSc, is Physiotherapist; Rita de Cássia Ferreira, MSc, is Doctoral Student; Yhago Gazote Eloy Geraldo, BS, is Civil Engineer; Christiane Pavani, PhD, is Professor and Researcher; Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues, PhD, is Professor; Lara J. Motta, PhD, is Professor; and Daniela Fátima Teixeira Silva, PhD, is Professor and Researcher. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Aline Cristine Ferreira Gonçalves, Oscar Soares Ramos De Araujo, and Jonas Azevedo Iglesias for their help in tabulating the data. This study received funding from the São Paulo State Foundation for Research Support (#2015/05259-8). The authors have disclosed no other financial relationships related to this article. Submitted October 30, 2019; accepted in revised form January 23, 2020; published online ahead of print November 30, 2020
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15
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Li H, Yin Y, Liu J, Lu B, Wan H, Yang L, Wang W, Li R. Hydrogen-rich water attenuates the radiotoxicity induced by tritium exposure in vitro and in vivo. J Radiat Res 2021; 62:34-45. [PMID: 33231266 PMCID: PMC7779358 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide tritium is widely used in the nuclear energy production industry and creates a threat to human health through radiation exposure. Herein, the radioactive elimination and radioprotective effect of hydrogen-rich water (HRW), a potential antioxidant with various medical applications, on tritiated water (HTO) exposure, was studied in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that intragastric administration of HRW effectively promoted the elimination of urinary tritium, decreased the level of serum tritium and tissue-bound tritium (OBT), and attenuated the genetic damage of blood cells in mice exposed to HTO (18.5 MBq/kg). Pretreatment with HRW effectively reduces tritium accumulation in HTO-treated human blood B lymphocyte AHH-1 cells. In addition, the anti-oxidative properties of HRW could attenuate the increased intracellular ROS (such as O2•-, •OH and ONOO-), resulting in reversing the exhaustion of cellular endogenous antioxidants (reduced GSH and SOD), decreasing lipid peroxidation (MDA), relieving DNA oxidative damage, and depressing cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by HTO exposure. In conclusion, HRW is expected to be an effective radioactive elimination agent through the competition effect of isotope exchange or a radioprotective agent by scavenging free radicals induced by HTO exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaru Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huimin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Luxun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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16
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Emile O, Emile J. Nanometer optical trap based on stimulated emission in evanescence of a totally reflected Arago spot : Nanometer optical trap for fluorescent nanoparticles. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2020; 43:68. [PMID: 33099687 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have paved the way towards the manipulation of particles and living cells at the micrometer range. Its extension towards the nanometer world may create unprecedented potentialities in many areas of science. Following a letter (O. Emile, J. Emile, H. Tabuteau, EPL 129, 58001 (2020)) that reported the observation of the trapping of a single 200nm diameter fluorescent particle in a nanometric volume, we detail here our experimental findings. In particular, the trapping mechanism is shown to be based on the radiation pressure of light in one direction and on the stimulated emission of the particle in the evanescent wave of a nanometer Arago spot on a glass/liquid interface on the other directions. The trapping volume is a 200nm height cylinder whose radius varies with the spreading of the evanescent wave near the spot and can reach 50nm. The calculation of the force and the parameters limiting the lifetime are detailed. Applications to laser trapping of atoms and molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Janine Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS IPR UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
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17
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Xu Z, Jiang Y, Ji J, Forsberg E, Li Y, He S. Classification, identification, and growth stage estimation of microalgae based on transmission hyperspectral microscopic imaging and machine learning. Opt Express 2020; 28:30686-30700. [PMID: 33115064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.406036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A transmission hyperspectral microscopic imager (THMI) that utilizes machine learning algorithms for hyperspectral detection of microalgae is presented. The THMI system has excellent performance with spatial and spectral resolutions of 4 µm and 3 nm, respectively. We performed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) of three species of microalgae to verify their absorption characteristics. Transmission spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and peak ratio algorithms for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction, and a support vector machine (SVM) model was used for classification. The average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity to distinguish one species from the other two species were found to be 94.4%, 94.4% and 97.2%, respectively. A species identification experiment for a group of mixed microalgae in solution demonstrates the usability of the classification method. Using a random forest (RF) model, the growth stage in a phaeocystis growth cycle cultivated under laboratory conditions was predicted with an accuracy of 98.1%, indicating the feasibility to evaluate the growth state of microalgae through their transmission spectra. Experimental results show that the THMI system has the capability for classification, identification and growth stage estimation of microalgae, with strong potential for in-situ marine environmental monitoring and early warning detection applications.
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18
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Patel D, Barnes JE, Davies WIL, Stenkamp DL, Patel JS. Short-wavelength-sensitive 2 (Sws2) visual photopigment models combined with atomistic molecular simulations to predict spectral peaks of absorbance. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008212. [PMID: 33085657 PMCID: PMC7605715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For many species, vision is one of the most important sensory modalities for mediating essential tasks that include navigation, predation and foraging, predator avoidance, and numerous social behaviors. The vertebrate visual process begins when photons of the light interact with rod and cone photoreceptors that are present in the neural retina. Vertebrate visual photopigments are housed within these photoreceptor cells and are sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths that peak within the light spectrum, the latter of which is a function of the type of chromophore used and how it interacts with specific amino acid residues found within the opsin protein sequence. Minor differences in the amino acid sequences of the opsins are known to lead to large differences in the spectral peak of absorbance (i.e. the λmax value). In our prior studies, we developed a new approach that combined homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to gather structural information associated with chromophore conformation, then used it to generate statistical models for the accurate prediction of λmax values for photopigments derived from Rh1 and Rh2 amino acid sequences. In the present study, we test our novel approach to predict the λmax of phylogenetically distant Sws2 cone opsins. To build a model that can predict the λmax using our approach presented in our prior studies, we selected a spectrally-diverse set of 11 teleost Sws2 photopigments for which both amino acid sequence information and experimentally measured λmax values are known. The final first-order regression model, consisting of three terms associated with chromophore conformation, was sufficient to predict the λmax of Sws2 photopigments with high accuracy. This study further highlights the breadth of our approach in reliably predicting λmax values of Sws2 cone photopigments, evolutionary-more distant from template bovine RH1, and provided mechanistic insights into the role of known spectral tuning sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmeshkumar Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation (IMCI), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Barnes
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Wayne I. L. Davies
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Deborah L. Stenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation (IMCI), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
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19
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Cha H, Lee K, Park MS, Lee KM, Cho K, Sung KH. Shielding effect of radiation dose reduction fiber during the use of C-arm fluoroscopy: a phantom study. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:705-711. [PMID: 32766722 PMCID: PMC7482166 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the shielding effect of a newly developed dose-reduction fiber (DRF) made from barium sulfate, in terms of radiation doses delivered to patients' radiosensitive organs and operator during C-arm fluoroscopy and its impact on the quality of images. A C-arm fluoroscopy unit was placed beside a whole-body phantom. Radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters were attached to the back and front of the whole-body phantom at 20 cm intervals. Radiation doses were measured without DRF and with it applied to the back (position 1), front (position 2) or both sides (position 3) of the phantom. To investigate the impact of DRF on the quality of fluoroscopic images, step-wedge and modulation transfer function phantoms were used. The absorbed radiation doses to the back of the phantom significantly decreased by 25.3-88.8% after applying DRF to positions 1 and 3. The absorbed radiation doses to the front of the phantom significantly decreased by 55.3-93.6% after applying DRF to positions 2 and 3. The contrast resolution values for each adjacent step area fell in the range 0.0119-0.0209, 0.0128-0.0271, 0.0135-0.0339 and 0.0152-0.0339 without and with DRF applied to positions 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The investigated DRF effectively reduces absorbed radiation doses to patients and operators without decreasing the quality of C-arm fluoroscopic images. Therefore, routine clinical use of the DRF is recommended during the use of C-arm fluoroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Cha
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Lee
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Seok Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyeyoung Cho
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyuk Sung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Saadmim F, Forhad T, Sikder A, Ghann W, M. Ali M, Sitther V, Ahammad AJS, Subhan MA, Uddin J. Enhancing the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Silver Nanoparticles Modified Photoanode. Molecules 2020; 25:E4021. [PMID: 32899213 PMCID: PMC7504805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles infused titanium dioxide film was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The performance of DSSC fabricated with silver nanoparticle-modified photoanode was compared with that of a control group. The current and voltage characteristics of the devices as well as the electrochemical impedance measurements were also carried out to assess the performance of the fabricated solar cells. The solar-to-electric efficiency of silver nanoparticles based DSSC was 1.76%, which is quite remarkable compared to the 0.98% realized for DSSC fabricated without silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Saadmim
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, 2500 W. North Ave, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA; (F.S.); (T.F.); (A.S.); (W.G.)
| | - Taseen Forhad
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, 2500 W. North Ave, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA; (F.S.); (T.F.); (A.S.); (W.G.)
| | - Ahmed Sikder
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, 2500 W. North Ave, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA; (F.S.); (T.F.); (A.S.); (W.G.)
| | - William Ghann
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, 2500 W. North Ave, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA; (F.S.); (T.F.); (A.S.); (W.G.)
| | - Meser M. Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Viji Sitther
- School of Computer, Morgan State University, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA;
| | | | - Md. Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh;
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, 2500 W. North Ave, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA; (F.S.); (T.F.); (A.S.); (W.G.)
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21
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Ogawa K, Higashi T, Mishiro K, Wakabayashi H, Shiba K, Odani A, Kinuya S. Decreasing undesirable absorbed radiation to the intestine after administration of radium-223 dichloride for treatment of bone metastases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11917. [PMID: 32681007 PMCID: PMC7368038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
[223Ra]RaCl2 is the first alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical to be used for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases because of its excellent therapeutic effects. [223Ra]RaCl2 is excreted via the intestine into feces, and some is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, which may be undesirable in terms of the exposure to radiation. Recently, we showed that a complex of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate (InsP6) with zinc is a useful decorporation agent against radiostrontium. In this study, we hypothesized that Zn-InsP6 could bind to not only strontium but also to radium, and could inhibit the absorption of radium from the intestine. In in vitro binding experiments, Zn-InsP6 showed a high binding affinity for radium. In in vivo biodistribution experiments by intravenous injection of [223Ra]RaCl2 after treatment of Zn-InsP6, mice treated with Zn-InsP6 showed significantly lower bone accumulation of radioactivity (34.82 ± 1.83%Dose/g) than the mice in the non-treatment control group (40.30 ± 2.78%Dose/g) at 48 h postinjection. These results indicate that Zn-InsP6 bound radium in the intestine and inhibited the absorption of radium into the blood. Therefore, the insoluble Zn-InsP6 complex has high potential to decrease the side effects of [223Ra]RaCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takuma Higashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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22
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Stücheli P, Sieber S, Fuchs DW, Scheller L, Strittmatter T, Saxena P, Gademann K, Fussenegger M. Genetically encoded betaxanthin-based small-molecular fluorescent reporter for mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e67. [PMID: 32421771 PMCID: PMC7337513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and engineered a dye production cassette encoding a heterologous pathway, including human tyrosine hydroxylase and Amanita muscaria 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase, for the biosynthesis of the betaxanthin family of plant and fungal pigments in mammalian cells. The system does not impair cell viability, and can be used as a non-protein reporter system to directly visualize the dynamics of gene expression by profiling absorbance or fluorescence in the supernatant of cell cultures, as well as for fluorescence labeling of individual cells. Pigment profiling can also be multiplexed with reporter proteins such as mCherry or the human model glycoprotein SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase). Furthermore, absorbance measurement with a smartphone camera using standard application software enables inexpensive, low-tech reporter quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Stücheli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David W Fuchs
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo Scheller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Strittmatter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pratik Saxena
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Zhong H, Zhu Z, Lin J, Cheung CF, Lu VL, Yan F, Chan CY, Li G. Reusable and Recyclable Graphene Masks with Outstanding Superhydrophobic and Photothermal Performances. ACS Nano 2020; 14:6213-6221. [PMID: 32329600 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) is affecting over 210 countries and territories, and it is spreading mainly by respiratory droplets. The use of disposable surgical masks is common for patients, doctors, and even the general public in highly risky areas. However, the current surgical masks cannot self-sterilize in order to reuse or be recycled for other applications. The resulting high economic and environmental costs are further damaging societies worldwide. Herein, we reported a unique method for functionalizing commercially available surgical masks with outstanding self-cleaning and photothermal properties. A dual-mode laser-induced forward transfer method was developed for depositing few-layer graphene onto low-melting temperature nonwoven masks. Superhydrophobic states were observed on the treated masks' surfaces, which can cause the incoming aqueous droplets to bounce off. Under sunlight illumination, the surface temperature of the functional mask can quickly increase to over 80 °C, making the masks reusable after sunlight sterilization. In addition, this graphene-coated mask can be recycled directly for use in solar-driven desalination with outstanding salt-rejection performance for long-term use. These roll-to-roll production-line-compatible masks can provide us with better protection against this severe virus. The environment can also benefit from the direct recycling of these masks, which can be used for desalinating seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhaoran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Fai Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Vivien L Lu
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ching-Yuen Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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24
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Ohira T, Shimura H, Hayashi F, Nagao M, Yasumura S, Takahashi H, Suzuki S, Matsuzuka T, Suzuki S, Iwadate M, Ishikawa T, Sakai A, Suzuki S, Nollet KE, Yokoya S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Absorbed radiation doses in the thyroid as estimated by UNSCEAR and subsequent risk of childhood thyroid cancer following the Great East Japan Earthquake. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:243-248. [PMID: 32030428 PMCID: PMC7246065 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of thyroid cancers among children after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident propelled concerns regarding long-term radiation effects on thyroid cancer in children affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, Japan. Herein we consider the potential association between absorbed dose in the thyroid and the risk of developing thyroid cancer as detected by ultrasonography on 300 473 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years in Fukushima. The absorbed dose mentioned in the present study indicates the sum of that from external exposure and that from internally deposited radionuclides. We grouped participants according to estimated absorbed doses in each of 59 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture, based on The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2013 report. The 59 municipalities were assigned to quartiles by dose. We limited our analyses to participants aged ≥6 years because only one case of thyroid cancer was observed in participants aged ≤5 years; 164 299 participants were included in the final analysis. Compared with the lowest dose quartile, the age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the low-middle, high-middle and highest quartiles were 2.00 (0.84-4.80), 1.34 (0.50-3.59) and 1.42 (0.55-3.67) for the 6-14-year-old groups and 1.99 (0.70-5.70), 0.54 (0.13-2.31) and 0.51 (0.12-2.15) for the >15-year-old group, respectively. No dose-dependent pattern emerged from the geographical distribution of absorbed doses by municipality, as estimated by UNSCEAR, and the detection of thyroid cancer among participants within 4-6 years after the accident. Ongoing surveillance might further clarify the effects of low-dose radiation exposure on thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Tel: +81-24-547-1344; Fax: +81-24-547-1336;
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzuka
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenneth E Nollet
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Hu N, Tanaka H, Takata T, Okazaki K, Uchida R, Sakurai Y. Microdosimetric quantities of an accelerator-based neutron source used for boron neutron capture therapy measured using a gas-filled proportional counter. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:214-220. [PMID: 32030430 PMCID: PMC7246059 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an emerging radiation treatment modality, exhibiting the potential to selectively destroy cancer cells. Currently, BNCT is conducted using a nuclear reactor. However, the future trend is to move toward an accelerator-based system for use in hospital environments. A typical BNCT radiation field has several different types of radiation. The beam quality should be quantified to accurately determine the dose to be delivered to the target. This study utilized a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) to measure microdosimetric and macrodosimetric quantities of an accelerator-based neutron source. The micro- and macro-dosimetric quantities measured with the TEPC were compared with those obtained via the the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) Monte Carlo simulation. The absorbed dose from events >20 keV/μm measured free in air for a 1-h irradiation was calculated as 1.31 ± 0.02 Gy. The simulated result was 1.41 ± 0.07 Gy. The measured and calculated values exhibit good agreement. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) that was evaluated from the measured microdosimetric spectrum was calculated as 3.7 ± 0.02, similar to the simulated value of 3.8 ± 0.1. These results showed the PHITS Monte Carlo simulation can simulate both micro- and macro-dosimetric quantities accurately. The RBE was calculated using a single-response function, and the results were compared with those of several other institutes that used a similar method. However, care must be taken when using such a single-response function for clinical application, as it is only valid for low doses. For clinical dose ranges (i.e., high doses), multievent distribution inside the target needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naonori Hu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Okazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Chromium exists in several oxidation states, with the trivalent state (Cr(III)) being the dominant naturally occurring form. Chromium in other oxidation states tends to be converted to the trivalent oxide in the natural environment and in biological systems. Chromium(III) has been shown to be an essential nutrient for humans and several non-human species. Chromium(VI), the second most stable form of chromium, is an important environmental contaminant that is mostly of industrial origin and is associated with lung cancer and nose tumours in chromium workers. This paper proposes a biokinetic model for chromium that addresses the distinctive behaviours of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) following uptake to blood of an adult human. The model is based on biokinetic data derived from relatively short-term studies involving administration of chromium tracers to adult human subjects or laboratory animals, supplemented with data on the long-term distribution of chromium in adult humans as estimated from autopsy measurements. The model is part of a comprehensive update of biokinetic models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, used to project or evaluate radiation doses from occupational intake of radionuclides.
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Abstract
Owing to the favorable physical and biological properties of swift ions in matter, their application to radiation therapy for highly selective cancer treatment is rapidly spreading worldwide. To date, over 90 ion therapy facilities are operational, predominantly with proton beams, and about the same amount is under construction or planning.Over the last decades, considerable developments have been achieved in accelerator technology, beam delivery and medical physics to enhance conformation of the dose delivery to complex shaped tumor volumes, with excellent sparing of surrounding normal tissue and critical organs. Nevertheless, full clinical exploitation of the ion beam advantages is still challenged, especially by uncertainties in the knowledge of the beam range in the actual patient anatomy during the fractionated course of treatment, thus calling for continued multidisciplinary research in this rapidly emerging field.This contribution will review latest developments aiming to image the patient with the same beam quality as for therapy prior to treatment, and to visualize in-vivo the treatment delivery by exploiting irradiation-induced physical emissions, with different level of maturity from proof-of-concept studies in phantoms and first in-silico studies up to clinical testing and initial clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Parodi
- Department of Experimental Physics – Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics, Munich, Germany
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28
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Winterhalter C, Aitkenhead A, Oxley D, Richardson J, Weber DC, MacKay RI, Lomax AJ, Safai S. Pitfalls in the beam modelling process of Monte Carlo calculations for proton pencil beam scanning. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190919. [PMID: 32003576 PMCID: PMC7066947 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monte Carlo (MC) simulations substantially improve the accuracy of predicted doses. This study aims to determine and quantify the uncertainties of setting up such a MC system. METHODS Doses simulated with two Geant4-based MC calculation codes, but independently tuned to the same beam data, have been compared. Different methods of MC modelling of a pre-absorber have been employed, either modifying the beam source parameters (descriptive) or adding the pre-absorber as a physical component (physical). RESULTS After the independent beam modelling of both systems in water (resulting in excellent range agreement) range differences of up to 3.6/4.8 mm (1.5% of total range) in bone/brain-like tissues were found, which resulted from the use of different mean water ionisation potentials during the energy tuning process. When repeating using a common definition of water, ranges in bone/brain agreed within 0.1 mm and gamma-analysis (global 1%,1mm) showed excellent agreement (>93%) for all patient fields. However, due to a lack of modelling of proton fluence loss in the descriptive pre-absorber, differences of 7% in absolute dose between the pre-absorber definitions were found. CONCLUSION This study quantifies the influence of using different water ionisation potentials during the MC beam modelling process. Furthermore, when using a descriptive pre-absorber model, additional Faraday cup or ionisation chamber measurements with pre-absorber are necessary. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first study quantifying the uncertainties caused by the MC beam modelling process for proton pencil beam scanning, and a more detailed beam modelling process for MC simulations is proposed to minimise the influence of critical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Oxley
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Richardson
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sairos Safai
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
Range uncertainty is a much discussed topic in proton therapy. Although a very real aspect of proton therapy, its magnitude and consequences are sometimes misunderstood or overestimated. In this article, the sources and consequences of range uncertainty are reviewed, a number of myths associated with the effect discussed with the aim of putting range uncertainty into clinical context and attempting to de-bunk some of the more exaggerated claims made as to its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony John Lomax
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland and Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Schreuder AN, Shamblin J. Proton therapy delivery: what is needed in the next ten years? Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190359. [PMID: 31692372 PMCID: PMC7066946 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton radiation therapy has been used clinically since 1952, and major advancements in the last 10 years have helped establish protons as a major clinical modality in the cancer-fighting arsenal. Technologies will always evolve, but enough major breakthroughs have been accomplished over the past 10 years to allow for a major revolution in proton therapy. This paper summarizes the major technology advancements with respect to beam delivery that are now ready for mass implementation in the proton therapy space and encourages vendors to bring these to market to benefit the cancer population worldwide. We state why these technologies are essential and ready for implementation, and we discuss how future systems should be designed to accommodate their required features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries N. Schreuder
- Provision Center for Proton therapy – Knoxville, 6450 Provision Cares way, Knoxville, TN 37909, USA
| | - Jacob Shamblin
- ProNova Solutions, LLC, 330 Pellissippi Place, Maryville, TN 37804, USA
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31
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Carles G, Brewer L, Harvey AR. Measurement of absorption in scattering media using objective laser speckle: application to blood oximetry. Opt Express 2020; 28:5119-5133. [PMID: 32121739 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-spectral imaging enables non-invasive sensing of chemical concentrations in biological tissue based on measurement of optical absorption, but invariably in the presence of high levels of scatter. Absorption is normally inferred from measurement of contrast of biological features, such as the vasculature, and so accuracy is degraded by the poorly characterized modulation-transfer function of the imaging optics and overlying tissue. We report how experimental characterization of the spectral variation of the tissue point-spread function and associated objective speckle pattern can be used to characterize the absorption spectrum and chromophore concentration, with a particular emphasis on determination of the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin within blood. Absorption measurements are determined purely by the geometry of the experiment, without degradation due to optical aberrations and associated light scatter. The technique offers enhanced and low-cost determination of in vitro or in vivo chromophore characterizations, including blood-gas analysis.
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32
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Kim YS, Basir A, Herbert R, Kim J, Yoo H, Yeo WH. Soft Materials, Stretchable Mechanics, and Optimized Designs for Body-Wearable Compliant Antennas. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:3059-3067. [PMID: 31842536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the various methods to develop flexible wearable antennas, a serpentine, mesh structure has been a great interest because of its mechanical reliability upon applied strain. However, there is still a significant lack of design guidelines for the open-mesh concept that account for both material and electromagnetic (EM) properties of antennas. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive study of materials, mechanics, fabrication, and system integration for the development of stretchable dipole and patch antennas that have networks of two-dimensional serpentine patterns. A set of computational modeling and experimental validation of open-mesh structures provides the key design guidelines to offer the maximum mechanical stretchability and minimum effective moduli of wearable antennas. Integration of the thin-film antenna traces with various substrates captures the versatility of the deterministic fabrication and material transfer printing methods. The influence of antenna stretching on the EM properties, including return loss, electric and magnetic fields, and far-field radiation patterns, is investigated. EM characterization with mechanical stretching results in different properties of fabricated antennas. The simulation study of specific absorption rates shows a potential for safe applications of dipole and patch stretchable antennas on the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Basir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | | | | | - Hyoungsuk Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
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33
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Seo SJ, Kim YG. Visualization of woven bone structure through analysis of biopsy specimens using synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray microcomputed tomography. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:199-206. [PMID: 31868752 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the application of synchrotron radiation and conventional microcomputed tomography (SR-µCT and C-µCT, respectively) in evaluating bone-biopsy specimens. Bone-biopsy specimens were obtained using a trephine bur during bone-graft removal for implant placement six months after performing a maxillary sinus bone-graft procedure. Image data of specimens were obtained using SR-µCT and C-µCT. SR-µCT was performed using the 6C biomedical imaging beamline at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory with a monochromatic X-ray beam of 23 keV, and C-µCT was performed using a table-top CT scanner (Skyscan 1272). Reconstruction images obtained using the two methods were qualitatively compared with 2D images evaluated under 3D visualization. The SR-µCT images, especially of the new-bone-graft-woven-bone formation, were less noisy and sharper than the C-µCT images. To evaluate the new-bone-graft-woven-bone formation, only the SR-µCT images showed areas of new bone (NB) formation with bone substitute (BS; Bio-Oss) and woven bone (WB) contact, and correctly visualized true 3D structures of bone formation. Hence, µCT techniques are non-destructive and can provide detailed images of bone biopsy. In particular, SR-µCT can be used to obtain improved image quality with contrast of NB, BS and WB, demonstrating a level of detail comparable with bone formation. SR-µCT could be an unbiased 3D alternative for imaging WB formation and for high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Seo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
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34
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McClain AM, Sharkey TD. Building a better equation for electron transport estimated from Chl fluorescence: accounting for nonphotosynthetic light absorption. New Phytol 2020; 225:604-608. [PMID: 31605374 PMCID: PMC7660523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. McClain
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, 210 Plant Biology Labs, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, 210 Plant Biology Labs, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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35
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Weber J, Bollepalli L, Belenguer AM, Antonio MD, De Mitri N, Joseph J, Balasubramanian S, Hunter CA, Bohndiek SE. An Activatable Cancer-Targeted Hydrogen Peroxide Probe for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5407-5417. [PMID: 31455691 PMCID: PMC7611383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in cancer, however, their promiscuous reactivity, low abundance, and short-lived nature limit our ability to study them in real time in living subjects with conventional noninvasive imaging methods. Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for in vivo visualization of molecular processes with deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a targeted, activatable probe for photoacoustic imaging, which is responsive to one of the major and abundant reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This bifunctional probe, which is also detectable with fluorescence imaging, is composed of a heptamethine carbocyanine dye scaffold for signal generation, a 2-deoxyglucose cancer localization moiety, and a boronic ester functionality that specifically detects and reacts to H2O2. The optical properties of the probe were characterized using absorption, fluorescence, and photoacoustic measurements; upon addition of pathophysiologic H2O2 concentrations, a clear increase in fluorescence and red-shift of the absorption and photoacoustic spectra were observed. Studies performed in vitro showed no significant toxicity and specific uptake of the probe into the cytosol in breast cancer cell lines. Importantly, intravenous injection of the probe led to targeted uptake and accumulation in solid tumors, which enabled noninvasive photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of H2O2. In conclusion, the reported probe shows promise for the in vivo visualization of hydrogen peroxide. SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents the first activatable and cancer-targeted hydrogen peroxide probe for photoacoustic molecular imaging, paving the way for visualization of hydrogen peroxide at high spatiotemporal resolution in living subjects.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5407/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weber
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola De Mitri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sun X, Yang M, Yang S, Wang S, Yin W, Che R, Li Y. Ultrabroad Band Microwave Absorption of Carbonized Waxberry with Hierarchical Structure. Small 2019; 15:e1902974. [PMID: 31478611 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Developing microwave absorption materials with broadband and lightweight characters is of great significance. However, it is still a great challenge for carbonized biomass without loading magnetic particles to cover the broad microwave frequency. Herein, it is proposed to carbonize freeze-dried waxberry to make full use of its natural hierarchical gradient structure to target the ultrabroad band microwave absorption. The carbonized freeze-dried waxberry shows radial-gradient and hierarchical structure. The different components of hierarchical waxberry demonstrate gradient dielectric properties: the outer component shows anisotropic dielectric constants with smaller value, while the inner core shows higher dielectric constants. This gradient dielectric property is beneficial to the impedance matching and strong polarization. As a result, the bandwidth of carbonized waxberry exhibits an ultrabroad band microwave absorption, ranging from 1 to 40 GHz with the reflection loss value below -8 dB. Meanwhile, the bandwidth can cover from 8 to 40 GHz when the reflection loss is below -15 dB. The ultrabroad microwave absorption is attributed to the hierarchical radial-gradient structure of carbonized waxberry, which provides good impedance matching with air media. This achievement paves the way for the exploitation of natural hierarchical biomass as a superlight and broadband high-performance microwave absorption material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Minglong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Department of Materials Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Institute Ltd. Corp, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
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Kostyuk AI, Demidovich AD, Kotova DA, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Circularly Permuted Fluorescent Protein-Based Indicators: History, Principles, and Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4200. [PMID: 31461959 PMCID: PMC6747460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) are a reliable tool for studying the various biological processes in living systems. The circular permutation of single FPs led to the development of an extensive class of biosensors that allow the monitoring of many intracellular events. In circularly permuted FPs (cpFPs), the original N- and C-termini are fused using a peptide linker, while new termini are formed near the chromophore. Such a structure imparts greater mobility to the FP than that of the native variant, allowing greater lability of the spectral characteristics. One of the common principles of creating genetically encoded biosensors is based on the integration of a cpFP into a flexible region of a sensory domain or between two interacting domains, which are selected according to certain characteristics. Conformational rearrangements of the sensory domain associated with ligand interaction or changes in the cellular parameter are transferred to the cpFP, changing the chromophore environment. In this review, we highlight the basic principles of such sensors, the history of their creation, and a complete classification of the available biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | | | - Daria A Kotova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Gao K, Tu W, Yu X, Ahmad F, Zhang X, Wu W, An X, Chen X, Li W. W-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles with strong absorption in the NIR-II window for photoacoustic/CT dual-modal imaging and synergistic thermoradiotherapy of tumors. Theranostics 2019; 9:5214-5226. [PMID: 31410211 PMCID: PMC6691582 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials that have integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions and low toxicity, and can enhance treatment efficacy through combination therapy have drawn tremendous amounts of attention. Herein, a newly developed multifunctional theranostic agent is reported, which is PEGylated W-doped TiO2 (WTO) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via a facile organic route, and the results demonstrated strong absorbance of these WTO NPs in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window due to successful doping with W. These PEGylated WTO NPs can absorb both NIR-II laser and ionizing radiation, rendering them well suited for dual-modal computed tomography/NIR-II photoacoustic imaging and synergistic NIR-II photothermal/radiotherapy of tumors. In addition, the long-term in vivo studies indicated that these PEGylated WTO NPs had no obvious toxicity on mice in vivo, and they can be cleared after a 30-day period. In summary, this multifunctional theranostic agent can absorb both NIR-II laser and ionizing radiation with negligible toxicity and rapid clearance, therefore it has great promise for applications in imaging and therapeutics in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenzhi Tu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xujiang Yu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiannan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao An
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Rogers A, Serbin SP, Ely KS, Wullschleger SD. Terrestrial biosphere models may overestimate Arctic CO 2 assimilation if they do not account for decreased quantum yield and convexity at low temperature. New Phytol 2019; 223:167-179. [PMID: 30767227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
How terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) represent leaf photosynthesis and its sensitivity to temperature are two critical components of understanding and predicting the response of the Arctic carbon cycle to global change. We measured the effect of temperature on the response of photosynthesis to irradiance in six Arctic plant species and determined the quantum yield of CO2 fixation ( ϕCO2 ) and the convexity factor (θ). We also determined leaf absorptance (α) from measured reflectance to calculate ϕCO2 on an absorbed light basis ( ϕCO2.a ) and enabled comparison with nine TBMs. The mean ϕCO2.a was 0.045 mol CO2 mol-1 absorbed quanta at 25°C and closely agreed with the mean TBM parameterisation (0.044), but as temperature decreased measured ϕCO2.a diverged from TBMs. At 5°C measured ϕCO2.a was markedly reduced (0.025) and 60% lower than TBM estimates. The θ also showed a significant reduction between 25°C and 5°C. At 5°C θ was 38% lower than the common model parameterisation of 0.7. These data show that TBMs are not accounting for observed reductions in ϕCO2.a and θ that can occur at low temperature. Ignoring these reductions in ϕCO2.a and θ could lead to a marked (45%) overestimation of CO2 assimilation at subsaturating irradiance and low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Kim S Ely
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
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Ogawara R, Suda M, Hagihara T, Kodaira S, Hamano T. DISCRIMINATION METHOD FOR GAMMA RAY DOSES IN NEUTRON FIELDS USING AN IONIZATION CHAMBER WITH ATTENUATION FILTERS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:280-284. [PMID: 30726975 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neutron fields produced by an accelerator-driven neutron source are generally mixed radiation fields that consist of fast neutrons and gamma rays. To estimate the biological effects of fast neutrons precisely, the gamma ray dose contamination must be evaluated in neutron fields. In this work, we developed a discrimination technique for absorbed doses (60Co gamma-ray equivalent) of fast neutrons and gamma rays using an ionization chamber. The filter thickness dependences of the absorbed doses of fast neutrons and gamma rays are different for a given filter material. Thus, the absorbed doses of each type of radiation were distinguished by fitting the dose attenuation curve, which was measured with an ionization chamber and attenuation filters, with a two-component exponential function. The absorbed dose of fast neutrons and gamma rays with no attenuation filter was evaluated from the y-intercept of the fitting function. This technique was demonstrated in two neutron fields produced by 4 MeV proton and deuteron bombardment of a 9Be target. The thicknesses of the polyethylene attenuation filters were 0-350 mm. The dose attenuation coefficients of fast neutrons obtained by the two-component exponential fitting function for the 9Be(p,n)9 and 9Be(d,n) reactions showed differences of 1.5 and 1.7%, respectively, from the reference measurements using a CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. The absorbed dose contributions of gamma rays in neutrons fields of the 9Be(p,n)9B and 9Be(d,n) reactions were evaluated as 30.2 ± 3.24% and 20.4 ± 5.16%, respectively, without polyethylene filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ogawara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Suda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Hagihara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Kodaira
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Hamano
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Shikhantsov S, Thielens A, Vermeeren G, Demeester P, Martens L, Torfs G, Joseph W. STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR HUMAN ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN FUTURE WIRELESS ATTO-CELL NETWORKS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:326-331. [PMID: 30085262 PMCID: PMC6543880 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we study human electromagnetic exposure to the radiation of an ultra dense network of nodes integrated in a floor denoted as ATTO-cell floor, or ATTO-floor. ATTO-cells are a prospective 5 G wireless networking technology, in which humans are exposed by several interfering sources. To numerically estimate this exposure we propose a statistical approach based on a set of finite difference time domain simulations. It accounts for variations of antenna phases and makes use of a large number of exposure evaluations, based on a relatively low number of required simulations. The exposure was expressed in peak-spatial 10-g SAR average (psSAR10g). The results show an average exposure level of ~4.9 mW/kg and reaching 7.6 mW/kg in 5% of cases. The maximum psSAR10g value found in the studied numerical setup equals around 21.2 mW/kg. Influence of the simulated ATTO-floor size on the resulting exposure was examined. All obtained exposure levels are far below 4 W/kg ICNIRP basic restriction for general public in limbs (and 20 W/kg basic restriction for occupational exposure), which makes ATTO-floor a potential low-exposure 5 G candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Shikhantsov
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Berkeley Wireless Research Center, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Günter Vermeeren
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Demeester
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Torfs
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
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Sato T, Masunaga SI, Kumada H, Hamada N. DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS OF RBE-WEIGHTED DOSE and PHOTON-ISOEFFECTIVE DOSE FOR BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:247-250. [PMID: 30535354 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two types of dose were proposed for use in the treatment planning of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for expressing its high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). On one hand, the RBE-weighted dose is the sum of the absorbed doses weighted by fixed RBE for each dose component of BNCT. On the other hand, photon-isoeffective dose is the photon dose to give the same biological effect calculated considering the dose dependence of RBE and the synergetic effect between different types of radiation. In this study, the depth distributions of the two types of dose in a phantom placed at an accelerator-based BNCT field were calculated using Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, coupled with an extended stochastic microdosimetric kinetic model. Compared with the corresponding RBE-weighted dose, the calculated photon-isoeffective dose was larger at lower absorbed dose and was smaller at higher absorbed dose, primarily due to the consideration of the dose dependence of RBE. In addition, our calculation revealed that the large variance of the intercellular 10B concentration greatly reduces the photon-isoeffective doses. These results suggest that the considerations of the dose dependence of RBE as well as the intercellular heterogeneity in 10B distribution are indispensable for the precise estimate of the biological effect of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Sato
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Shirakata 2-4, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumada
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae, Tokyo, Japan
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Gargiulo S, Albanese S, Mancini M. State-of-the-Art Preclinical Photoacoustic Imaging in Oncology: Recent Advances in Cancer Theranostics. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2019; 2019:5080267. [PMID: 31182936 PMCID: PMC6515147 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The optical imaging plays an increasing role in preclinical studies, particularly in cancer biology. The combined ultrasound and optical imaging, named photoacoustic imaging (PAI), is an emerging hybrid technique for real-time molecular imaging in preclinical research and recently expanding into clinical setting. PAI can be performed using endogenous contrast, particularly from oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and melanin, or exogenous contrast agents, sometimes targeted for specific biomarkers, providing comprehensive morphofunctional and molecular information on tumor microenvironment. Overall, PAI has revealed notable opportunities to improve knowledge on tumor pathophysiology and on the biological mechanisms underlying therapy. The aim of this review is to introduce the principles of PAI and to provide a brief overview of current PAI applications in preclinical research, highlighting also on recent advances in clinical translation for cancer diagnosis, staging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gargiulo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of National Council of Research, Naples 80145, Italy
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Huang X, Protheroe MD, Al-Jumaily AM, Chalmers AN, Paul SP, Fu X. Simulation of UV power absorbed by follicular stem cells during sun exposure and possible implications for melanoma development. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2019; 36:628-635. [PMID: 31044982 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma in children is extremely rare. However, there is convincing evidence supporting a higher risk of developing melanoma in individuals who have experienced excessive sun exposure during their childhood. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that prior to puberty, the melanocyte stem cells in the bulge region of hair follicles are much shallower in the dermis, resulting in their increased vulnerability to sun exposure. To validate this hypothesis, a Monte Carlo simulation of light transport is applied to quantify the dose of solar UV power absorbed in the stem-cell layers at different depths in both child and adult skins. The simulated results suggest that the stem cells in vellus hair follicles would absorb over 250 times higher UV photons than those in the terminal hair follicles. Due to the thinner epidermis in child skin, the stem cells in vellus hair follicles absorb about 1.9 and 3.2 times greater ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B, respectively, than those in adult skin. These findings provide a possible explanation to why children are particularly vulnerable to sun exposure.
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45
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Srinivasa Rao P, L Puyad A, V Bhosale S, V Bhosale S. Triphenylamine-Merocyanine-Based D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2 Chromophore System: Synthesis, Optoelectronic, and Theoretical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1621. [PMID: 30939780 PMCID: PMC6479914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
donor⁻acceptorDonor⁻acceptor⁻π⁻acceptor⁻donor (D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2)-type small molecules, such TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, were designed and synthesized starting from donor-substituted alkynes (TPA-MC-1) via [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) units, respectively. TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3 chromophores differ on the A2/A3 acceptor subunit, which is 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and a dicyanoquinodicyanomethane (DCQDCM), respectively. Both the derivative bearing same donors D1 (triphenylamine) and D2 (trimethylindolinm) and also same A1 (monocyano) as an acceptor, tetracyano with an aryl rings as the π-bridging moiety. The incorporation of TCNE and TCNQ as strong electron withdrawing units led to strong intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interactions, resulting in lower LUMO energy levels. Comparative UV⁻Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and electrochemical and computational studies were performed to understand the effects of the TCNE and TCNQ subunits incorporated on TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedada Srinivasa Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Avinash L Puyad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, India.
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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46
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Piao MJ, Kang KA, Zhen AX, Kang HK, Koh YS, Kim BS, Hyun JW. Horse Oil Mitigates Oxidative Damage to Human HaCaT Keratinocytes Caused by Ultraviolet B Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061490. [PMID: 30934595 PMCID: PMC6471125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse oil products have been used in skin care for a long time in traditional medicine, but the biological effects of horse oil on the skin remain unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of horse oil on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Horse oil significantly reduced UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species and intracellular oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Horse oil absorbed light in the UVB range of the electromagnetic spectrum and suppressed the generation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a photoproduct of UVB irradiation. Western blotting showed that horse oil increased the UVB-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase expression, and altered mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling-related proteins. These effects were conferred by increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and decreased phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2. Additionally, horse oil reduced UVB-induced binding of activator protein 1 to the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter site. These results indicate that horse oil protects human HaCaT keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress by absorbing UVB radiation and removing reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting cells from structural damage and preventing cell death and aging. In conclusion, horse oil is a potential skin protectant against skin damage involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ao Xuan Zhen
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Young Sang Koh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Bong Seok Kim
- Bio Convergence Center, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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47
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Rollins MK, Leishman TW, Whiting JK, Hunter EJ, Eggett DL. Effects of added absorption on the vocal exertions of talkers in a reverberant room. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 145:775. [PMID: 30823814 PMCID: PMC6372363 DOI: 10.1121/1.5089891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Occupational speech users such as schoolteachers develop voice disorders at higher rates than the general population. Previous research has suggested that room acoustics may influence these trends. The research reported in this paper utilized varying acoustical conditions in a reverberant room to assess the effects on vocal parameters of healthy talkers. Thirty-two participants were recorded while completing a battery of speech tasks under eight room conditions. Vocal parameters were derived from the recordings and the statistically significant effects of room acoustics were verified using mixed-model analysis of variance tests. Changes in reverberation time (T20), early decay time (EDT), clarity index (C50), speech transmission index (STI), and room gain (GRG) all showed highly correlated effects on certain vocal parameters, including speaking level standard deviation, speaking rate, and the acoustic vocal quality index. As T20, EDT, and GRG increased, and as C50 and STI decreased, vocal parameters showed tendencies toward dysphonic phonation. Empirically derived equations are proposed that describe the relationships between select room-acoustic parameters and vocal parameters. This study provides an increased understanding of the impact of room acoustics on voice production, which could assist acousticians in improving room designs to help mitigate unhealthy vocal exertion and, by extension, voice problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Rollins
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 Eyring Science Center, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Timothy W Leishman
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 Eyring Science Center, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Jennifer K Whiting
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, N283 Eyring Science Center, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Eric J Hunter
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, 113 Oyer Speech and Hearing Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Dennis L Eggett
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, 223 Talmage Math Computer Building, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Tang W, Dong Z, Zhang R, Yi X, Yang K, Jin M, Yuan C, Xiao Z, Liu Z, Cheng L. Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Core-Shell MXene@Gold Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photo-Radio Combined Therapy in the Second Biological Window. ACS Nano 2019; 13:284-294. [PMID: 30543399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoplatforms with special advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been widely explored in nanomedicine. Herein, we synthesize two-dimensional core-shell nanocomposites (Ti3C2@Au) via a seed-growth method starting from the titanium carbide (Ti3C2) nanosheets, a classical type of MXene nanostructure. After growing gold on the surface of Ti3C2 nanosheets, the stability and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by the thiol modification. Also importantly, the optical absorption in the near-infrared region is enhanced. Utilizing the ability of the high optical absorbance and strong X-ray attenuation, the synthesized Ti3C2@Au nanocomposites are used for photoacoustic and computed tomography dual-modal imaging. Importantly, the mild photothermal effect of the Ti3C2@Au nanocomposites could improve the tumor oxygenation, which significantly enhances the radiotherapy. No obvious long-term toxicity of the nanocomposites is found at the injected dose. This work highlights the promise of special properties of MXene-based multifunctional nanostructures for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantao Tang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Meilin Jin
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Chao Yuan
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zhidong Xiao
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University Suzhou 215123 , China
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Li Y, Zeng S, Hao J. Non-Invasive Optical Guided Tumor Metastasis/Vessel Imaging by Using Lanthanide Nanoprobe with Enhanced Down-Shifting Emission beyond 1500 nm. ACS Nano 2019; 13:248-259. [PMID: 30604961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of tumor vessels/metastasis and cerebrovascular architecture is vitally important for analyzing pathological states of brain diseases and a tumor's abnormal blood vessels to improve cancer diagnoses. In vivo fluorescence imaging using second near-infrared emission beyond 1500 nm (NIR-IIb) has emerged as a next generation optical imaging method with significant improvement in imaging sensitivity and spatial resolution. Unfortunately, a highly biocompatible probe capable of generating NIR-IIb emission with sufficient brightness and uniformed size is still scarce. Here, we have proposed the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-modified NaLnF4:40Gd/20Yb/2Er nanorods (Ln = Y, Yb, Lu, PAA-Ln-NRs) with enhanced downshifting NIR-IIb emission, high quantum yield (QY), relatively narrow bandwidth (∼160 nm), and high biocompatibility via Ce3+ doping for high performance NIR-IIb bioimaging. The downshifting emission beyond 1500 nm is improved by 1.75-2.2 times with simultaneously suppressing the upconversion (UC) path in Y, Yb, and Lu hosts via Ce3+ doping. Moreover, compared with the traditionally used Y-based host, the QY of NIR-IIb emission in the Lu-based probe in water is improved from 2.2% to 3.6%. The explored bright NIR-IIb emitted PAA-Lu-NRs were used for high sensitivity small tumor (∼4 mm)/metastatic tiny tumor detection (∼3 mm), tumor vessel visualization with high spatial resolution (41 μm), and brain vessel imaging. Therefore, our findings open up the opportunity of utilizing the lanthanide based NIR-IIb probe with bright 1525 nm emission for in vivo optical-guided tumor vessel/metastasis and noninvasive brain vascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P.R. China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
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Wittmann C, Pfanz H. More than just CO 2 -recycling: corticular photosynthesis as a mechanism to reduce the risk of an energy crisis induced by low oxygen. New Phytol 2018; 219:551-564. [PMID: 29767842 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reassimilation of internal CO2 via corticular photosynthesis (PScort ) has an important effect on the carbon economy of trees. However, little is known about its role as a source of O2 supply to the stem parenchyma and its implications in consumption and movement of O2 within trees. PScort of young Populus nigra (black poplar) trees was investigated by combining optical micro-optode measurements with monitoring of stem chlorophyll fluorescence. During times of zero sap flow in spring, stem oxygen concentrations (cO2 ) exhibited large temporal changes. In the sapwood, over 80% of diurnal changes in cO2 could be explained by respiration rates (Rd(mod) ). In the cortex, photosynthetic oxygen release during the day altered this relationship. With daytime illumination, oxygen levels in the cortex steadily increased from subambient and even exhibited a diel period of superoxia of up to 110% (% air sat.). By contrast, in the sapwood, cO2 never reached ambient levels; the diurnal oxygen deficit was up to 25% of air saturation. Our results confirm that PScort is not only a CO2 -recycling mechanism, it is also a mechanism to actively raise the cortical O2 concentration and counteract temporal/spatial hypoxia inside plant stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Wittmann
- Department of Applied Botany and Volcano Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Hardy Pfanz
- Department of Applied Botany and Volcano Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
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