1
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Castelletto V, de Mello L, da Silva ER, Seitsonen J, Hamley IW. Comparison of the self-assembly and cytocompatibility of conjugates of Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) with hydrophobic, aromatic, or charged amino acids. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3571. [PMID: 38374800 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly in aqueous solution of three Fmoc-amino acids with hydrophobic (aliphatic or aromatic, alanine or phenylalanine) or hydrophilic cationic residues (arginine) is compared. The critical aggregation concentrations were obtained using intrinsic fluorescence or fluorescence probe measurements, and conformation was probed using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Self-assembled nanostructures were imaged using cryo-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Fmoc-Ala is found to form remarkable structures comprising extended fibril-like objects nucleating from spherical cores. In contrast, Fmoc-Arg self-assembles into plate-like crystals. Fmoc-Phe forms extended structures, in a mixture of straight and twisted fibrils coexisting with nanotapes. Spontaneous flow alignment of solutions of Fmoc-Phe assemblies is observed by SAXS. The cytocompatibility of the three Fmoc-amino acids was also compared via MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] mitochondrial activity assays. All three Fmoc-amino acids are cytocompatible with L929 fibroblasts at low concentration, and Fmoc-Arg shows cell viability up to comparatively high concentration (0.63 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Lucas de Mello
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ian W Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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2
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Wadaan MA, Baabbad A, Chakraborty S, V DR. Interpretation of adsorption isotherm and kinetics behind fluorene degradation. Chemosphere 2024; 357:141797. [PMID: 38537713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The gradual release of slow-degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the environment creates a high level of threat to aquatic and terrestrial life worldwide. Remediation of these PAHs should be designed in such a way that it poses as few or no environmental hazards as possible. In our study, we examined the degradation ability of the synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles against fluorene. The MnO2 nanoparticle prepared was found to be spherical from the SEM analysis. XRD analysis confirms the average crystallite size as 31.8652 nm. Further, the characterization of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-DRS, FT-IR, DLS, and HPLC techniques. The extent of adsorption potential of the synthesized nanoparticles was established from the batch adsorption studies and the kinetic and isotherm model was interpreted. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh,11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh,11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreya Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Rajeswari V
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Mthembu SN, Chakraborty A, Schönleber R, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Morpholine, a strong contender for Fmoc removal in solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3538. [PMID: 37609959 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Morpholine, which scores 7.5 in terms of greenness and is not a regulated substance, could be considered a strong contender for Fmoc removal in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Morpholine in dimethylformamide (DMF) (50%-60%) efficiently removes Fmoc in SPPS, minimizes the formation of diketopiperazine, and almost avoids the aspartimide formation. As a proof of concept, somatostatin has been synthesized using 50% morpholine in DMF with the same purity as when using 20% piperidine-DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla N Mthembu
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Amit Chakraborty
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Feng Q, Liu Y, Zou L, Lei M, Zhu C, Xia W. Fluorene-9-bisphenol exposure damages the testis in mice through a novel mechanism of ferroptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114385. [PMID: 38123054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) is an emerging global endocrine-disrupting chemical found in numerous household products as a substitute of bisphenol A. Many studies have reported various toxicities associated with BHPF. However, the effect of BHPF on male reproduction, particularly on the structural integrity of the blood testis barrier (BTB) in mice, has not yet been extensively studied. Ferroptosis, a newly identified form of cell death, occurs in the testicular tissue following exposure to BPA, affecting male fertility. We investigated whether ferroptosis plays a role in BHPF-induced testicular damage. The findings indicated that BHPF exposure led decreases in serum testosterone (T) concentration and sperm concentration and motility in mice. Furthermore, BHPF disrupted the BTB by interfering with key BTB-related proteins, including Cx43, β-catenin, and ZO-1. Moreover, BHPF induced ferroptosis through the induction of lipid peroxidation, iron overload, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the testicular tissue. Inhibition of ferroptosis using Fer-1 mitigated the BHPF-induced damage to the BTB and ferroptosis in TM4 cells. Overall, our findings indicated the detrimental effects of BHPF on male reproductive function in mice, suggesting ferroptosis as a mechanism underlying testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Lei
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Yamada K. 9-Fluorenylmethyl Chloroformate Labeling for O-Glycan Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:159-169. [PMID: 38347409 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Structural analysis of O-glycans from mucins and characterization of the interaction of these glycans with other biomolecules are essential for a full understanding of mucins. Various techniques have been developed for the structural and functional analysis of glycans. While 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) is generally used to protect amino groups in peptide synthesis, it can also be used as a glycan-labeling reagent for structural analysis. Fmoc-labeled glycans are strongly fluorescent and can be analyzed with high sensitivity using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (LC-FD) analysis as well as being analyzed with high sensitivity by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Fmoc-labeled glycans can be easily delabeled and converted to glycosylamine-form or free (hemiacetal or aldehyde)-form glycans that can be used to fabricate glycan arrays or synthesize glycosyl dendrimers. This derivatization allows for the isolation from biological samples of glycans that are difficult to synthesize chemically, as well as the fabrication of immobilized-glycan devices. The Fmoc labeling method promises to be a tool for accelerating O-glycan structural analysis and an understanding of molecular interactions. In this chapter, we introduce the Fmoc labeling method for analysis of O-glycans and fabrication of O-glycan arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- The Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan.
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6
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Crisalli AM, Chen YT, Cai A, Li D, Cho BP. Conformation-dependent lesion bypass of bulky arylamine-dG adducts generated from 2-nitrofluorene in epigenetic sequence contexts. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12043-12053. [PMID: 37953358 PMCID: PMC10711442 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence context influences structural characteristics and repair of DNA adducts, but there is limited information on how epigenetic modulation affects conformational heterogeneity and bypass of DNA lesions. Lesions derived from the environmental pollutant 2-nitrofluorene have been extensively studied as chemical carcinogenesis models; they adopt a sequence-dependent mix of two significant conformers: major groove binding (B) and base-displaced stacked (S). We report a conformation-dependent bypass of the N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-7-fluoro-2-aminofluorene (dG-FAF) lesion in epigenetic sequence contexts (d[5'-CTTCTC#G*NCCTCATTC-3'], where C# is C or 5-methylcytosine (5mC), G* is G or G-FAF, and N is A, T, C or G). FAF-modified sequences with a 3' flanking pyrimidine were better bypassed when the 5' base was 5mC, whereas sequences with a 3' purine exhibited the opposite effect. The conformational basis behind these variations differed; for -CG*C- and -CG*T-, bypass appeared to be inversely correlated with population of the duplex-destabilizing S conformer. On the other hand, the connection between conformation and a decrease in bypass for flanking purines in the 5mC sequences relative to C was more complex. It could be related to the emergence of a disruptive non-S/B conformation. The present work provides novel conformational insight into how 5mC influences the bypass efficiency of bulky DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Crisalli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Yi-Tzai Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ang Cai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Bongsup P Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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7
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Varga I, Goldschmidt Gőz V, Pintér I, Csámpai A, Perczel A. Acetyl group for proper protection of β-sugar-amino acids used in SPPS. Amino Acids 2023; 55:969-979. [PMID: 37340192 PMCID: PMC10514111 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of D-glucosamine-1-carboxylic acid based β-sugar amino acids (β-SAAs) is typically performed in nine consecutive steps via an inefficient OAc → Br → CN conversion protocol with low overall yield. Here, we present the improved and more efficient synthesis of both Fmoc-GlcAPC-OH and Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH, β-SAAs consisting of only 4-5 synthetic steps. Their active ester and amide bond formation with glycine methyl ester (H-Gly-OMe) was completed and monitored by 1H NMR. The stability of the pyranoid OHs protecting the acetyl groups was investigated under three different Fmoc cleavage conditions and was found to be satisfactory even at high piperidine concentration (e.g. 40%). We designed a SPPS protocol using Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH to produce model peptides Gly-β-SAA-Gly as well as Gly-β-SAA-β-SAA-Gly with high coupling efficiency. The products were deacetylated using the Zemplén method, which allows the hydrophilicity of a building block and/or chimera to be fine-tuned, even after the polypeptide chain has already been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Varga
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- György Hevesy Doctoral School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Pintér
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Organic Chemistry Department, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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8
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Podlech J, Gutsche M. Benzo[ j]fluoranthene-Derived Natural Products. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1632-1640. [PMID: 37276341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this overview the literature on benzo[j]fluoranthene-derived toxins produced by fungi is discussed with a view on isolation, structure, biological activities, biosynthesis, and total syntheses of the natural products. This class of compounds consists until now of 33 naturally occurring compounds, where 25 are chiral and eight contain no stereogenic centers. The relative configuration of xylarenol was clarified by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra, and absolute configurations of four toxins were corrected. The compounds show various biological activities including antibiotic and cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Podlech
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gutsche
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Fan X, Guo J, Jia X, Mao X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Shen J, Huai N, Zhang K, Abdusalam A, Hu H, Zhu H, Jia C, Cheng L, Li X, Zhang Z. Reproductive Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Fluorene-9-bisphenol on Chinese Medaka ( Oryzias sinensis): A Study from Laboratory to Field. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:561-569. [PMID: 36443945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute, has been increasingly used as a material in syntheses of polymers that are widely used in road markings, artificial tracks, coating floors, building paints, etc., increasing the likelihood of BHPF contamination in the aquatic environment due to its release from the products. However, to date, it is unknown whether it may have actual impacts on fish in real environments. In this study, a 105-day exposure experiment of BHPF at various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) on Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) was performed under laboratory conditions and found decreased fecundity, such as lower egg qualities and quantities, retarded oogenesis, and atretic follicles in the fish and deformed eyes and bodies in its F1 generation. Toxico-transcriptome analyses showed that estrogen-responsive genes were significantly suppressed by BHPF, indicating that antagonist properties of BHPF on estrogen receptors might be causes for the decreased fecundity. Field investigations (Beijing) demonstrated that BHPF was detectable in 60% surface waters, with a mean concentration of 10.49 ± 6.33 ng/L, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and similar effects in wild Chinese medaka were also observed, some of which the parameters were found to be obviously correlated with the BHPF levels in corresponding waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Fan
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jilong Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingtai Mao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiashu Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Narma Huai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kailun Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Abida Abdusalam
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Chengxia Jia
- Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Koshti B, Swanson HWA, Wilson B, Kshtriya V, Naskar S, Narode H, Lau KHA, Tuttle T, Gour N. Solvent-Controlled Self-assembly of Fmoc Protected Aliphatic Amino Acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11522-11529. [PMID: 37039328 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05938j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of modified amino acids facilitate the formation of various structures that have unique properties and therefore serve as excellent bio-organic scaffolds. Self-assembly of Fmoc protected single amino acids, have...
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Koshti
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hamish W A Swanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Basil Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vivekshinh Kshtriya
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - Soumick Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hanuman Narode
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - King Hang Aaron Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Nidhi Gour
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Prakash V, Christian Y, Redkar AS, Roy A, Anandalakshmi R, Ramakrishnan V. Antibacterial hydrogels of aromatic tripeptides. Soft Matter 2022; 18:6360-6371. [PMID: 35971808 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide hydrogels have emerged as alternatives to the conventional approaches employed in controlled drug release, wound-healing, and drug delivery, and as anti-infective agents. However, peptide hydrogels possessing antibacterial properties are less explored. In this work, we have designed three ultrashort antibacterial peptide hydrogels: Fmoc-FFH-CONH2, Fmoc-FHF-CONH2, and Fmoc-HFF-CONH2. The rheological study showed the higher storage modulus of Fmoc-FFH-CONH2 (30.43 kPa) compared to Fmoc-FHF-CONH2 and Fmoc-HFF-CONH2, which may be attributed to the enhanced aromatic interaction in Fmoc-FFH-CONH2 compared to the other two variants, resulting in more mechanical rigidity. Further, the prepared hydrogels were evaluated for their inherent antibacterial potency against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, strain MTCC 96) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain PA01) bacteria. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated the potency of the hydrogels in the order of Fmoc-FFH-CONH2 > Fmoc-FHF-CONH2 > Fmoc-HFF-CONH2. The antibacterial effect of the hydrogels was predominantly due to the osmotic stress and membrane disruption, which was verified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and outer membrane permeabilization assays. Our findings point to the scope of using the synthesized peptide hydrogels as agents for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Prakash
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Yvonne Christian
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Amay Sanjay Redkar
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Advanced Energy & Materials Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - R Anandalakshmi
- Advanced Energy & Materials Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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12
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Binette R, Desgagné M, Theaud C, Boudreault PL. Efficient Fmoc-Protected Amino Ester Hydrolysis Using Green Calcium(II) Iodide as a Protective Agent. Molecules 2022; 27:2788. [PMID: 35566143 PMCID: PMC9103075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to modify amino acids, the C-terminus carboxylic acid usually needs to be protected, typically as a methyl ester. However, standard cleavage of methyl esters requires either highly basic or acidic conditions, which are not compatible with Fmoc or acid-labile protecting groups. This highlights the need for orthogonal conditions that permit selective deprotection of esters to create SPPS-ready amino acids. Herein, mild orthogonal ester hydrolysis conditions are systematically explored using calcium(II) iodide as a protective agent for the Fmoc protecting group and optimized for a broad scope of amino esters. Our optimized reaction improved on the already known trimethyltin hydroxide, as it produced better yields with greener, inexpensive chemicals and a less extensive energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (R.B.); (M.D.); (C.T.)
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13
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Polyak D, Krauss IJ. An Optimized Synthesis of Fmoc-l-Homopropargylglycine-OH. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3841-3844. [PMID: 35133817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient multigram synthesis of alkynyl amino acid Fmoc-l-homopropargylglycine-OH is described. A double Boc protection is optimized for high material throughput, and the key Seyferth-Gilbert homologation is optimized to avoid racemization. Eighteen grams of the enantiopure (>98% ee) noncanonical amino acid was readily generated for use in solid phase synthesis to make peptides that can be functionalized by copper-assisted alkyne-azide cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polyak
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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14
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Hu X, Sun J, Gao F. Dual-Targeting into the Mitochondria of Cancer Cells for Ratiometric Investigation of the Dynamic Fluctuation of Sulfur Dioxide and Formaldehyde with Two-Photon Integrated Semiconducting Polymer Dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:179-190. [PMID: 34968048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial sulfur dioxide (SO2) and formaldehyde (FA) in cancer cells serve as important signal molecules in mediating multiple physiological and pathological activities. Accurate monitoring of the dynamic fluctuation of SO2 and FA in the mitochondria of cancer cells is important for insight into their relationships and functions in cancer, understanding cancer mechanism, and the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer invasion and metastasis. Herein, a novel integrated two-photon semiconducting polymer dot (BF@Pdots) with dual-targeting (cancer cells and mitochondrial) and dual-emission in green and red regions, which is rationally designed through a four-step engineering strategy by using two newly synthesized functionalized polymers PFNA and FD-PSMA as precursors, has been developed for accurate tracking of the dynamic variation of SO2 and FA in the mitochondria of cancer cells. The sensing mechanism is on the basis of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process in BF@Pdots tuned by the reversible Michael addition reaction between the sensing-groups and SO2 (or FA). The integrated BF@Pdots nanoprobes display excellent performances in the accurate detection of the dynamic fluctuation of SO2 and FA such as precise positioning in the mitochondria of cancer cells, self-calibrating ratiometric, two-photon emission with long wavelength excitation, and fast reversible response. The BF@Pdots nanoprobes are also applied to the ratiometric detection of the dynamic fluctuation of exogenous and endogenous SO2 and FA in the mitochondria of cancer cells for the first time with satisfactory results. Taken together, this work will provide an attractive way to develop versatile integrated Pdots-based fluorescent probes through flexible molecular engineering for applications in accurate imaging of biomolecules in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Junyong Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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15
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Acharya TR, Lamichhane P, Wahab R, Chaudhary DK, Shrestha B, Joshi LP, Kaushik NK, Choi EH. Study on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Extracts for the Fabrication of a Gas Sensor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247685. [PMID: 34946767 PMCID: PMC8703601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper compared the effects of A. indica plant proteins over chemical methods in the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by a co-precipitation method, and ethanol sensing performance of prepared thin films deposited over a fluorene-doped tin oxide (FTO) bind glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The average crystallite sizes and diameters of the grain-sized cluster ZnO NPs were 25 and (701.79 ± 176.21) nm for an undoped sample and 20 and (489.99 ± 112.96) nm for A. india dye-doped sample. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of the Zn-O bond at 450 cm-1, and also showed the presence of plant proteins due to A. indica dye extracts. ZnO NPs films exhibited good response (up to 51 and 72% for without and with A. indica dye-doped extracts, respectively) toward ethanol vapors with quick response-recovery characteristics at a temperature of 250 °C for undoped and 225 °C for A. indica dye-doped ZnO thin films. The interaction of A. indica dye extracts helps to decrease the operating temperature and increased the response and recovery rates of the sensor, which may be due to an increase in the specific surface area, resulting in adsorption of more oxygen and hence high response results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Department of Physics, Saint Xavier’s College, Tribhuvan University, Maitighar, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Pradeep Lamichhane
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (D.K.C.); (L.P.J.)
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Leela Pradhan Joshi
- Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (D.K.C.); (L.P.J.)
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
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16
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Aviv M, Cohen-Gerassi D, Orr AA, Misra R, Arnon ZA, Shimon LJW, Shacham-Diamand Y, Tamamis P, Adler-Abramovich L. Modification of a Single Atom Affects the Physical Properties of Double Fluorinated Fmoc-Phe Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179634. [PMID: 34502542 PMCID: PMC8431810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels formed by the self-assembly of amino-acid based gelators are receiving increasing attention from the fields of biomedicine and material science. Self-assembled systems exhibit well-ordered functional architectures and unique physicochemical properties. However, the control over the kinetics and mechanical properties of the end-products remains puzzling. A minimal alteration of the chemical environment could cause a significant impact. In this context, we report the effects of modifying the position of a single atom on the properties and kinetics of the self-assembly process. A combination of experimental and computational methods, used to investigate double-fluorinated Fmoc-Phe derivatives, Fmoc-3,4F-Phe and Fmoc-3,5F-Phe, reveals the unique effects of modifying the position of a single fluorine on the self-assembly process, and the physical properties of the product. The presence of significant physical and morphological differences between the two derivatives was verified by molecular-dynamics simulations. Analysis of the spontaneous phase-transition of both building blocks, as well as crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the molecular structure of Fmoc-3,4F-Phe, are in good agreement with known changes in the Phe fluorination pattern and highlight the effect of a single atom position on the self-assembly process. These findings prove that fluorination is an effective strategy to influence supramolecular organization on the nanoscale. Moreover, we believe that a deep understanding of the self-assembly process may provide fundamental insights that will facilitate the development of optimal amino-acid-based low-molecular-weight hydrogelators for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Aviv
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.A.); (D.C.-G.); (R.M.); (Z.A.A.)
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel Aviv 6910717, Israel
| | - Dana Cohen-Gerassi
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.A.); (D.C.-G.); (R.M.); (Z.A.A.)
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Asuka A. Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA; (A.A.O.); (P.T.)
| | - Rajkumar Misra
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.A.); (D.C.-G.); (R.M.); (Z.A.A.)
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Zohar A. Arnon
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.A.); (D.C.-G.); (R.M.); (Z.A.A.)
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76132701, Israel;
| | - Yosi Shacham-Diamand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- TAU/TiET Food Security Center of Excellence (T2FSCoE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA; (A.A.O.); (P.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.A.); (D.C.-G.); (R.M.); (Z.A.A.)
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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17
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Rubio-Camacho M, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Mira A, Mallavia R, Mateo CR. Formation of Multicolor Nanogels Based on Cationic Polyfluorenes and Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic monoethyl ester): Potential Use as pH-Responsive Fluorescent Drug Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9607. [PMID: 34502514 PMCID: PMC8431760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed the copolymer poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic monoethyl ester) (PMVEMA-Es) and three fluorene-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes to develop fluorescent nanoparticles with emission in the blue, green and red spectral regions. The size, Zeta Potential, polydispersity, morphology, time-stability and fluorescent properties of these nanoparticles were characterized, as well as the nature of the interaction between both PMVEMA-Es and fluorescent polyelectrolytes. Because PMVEMA-Es contains a carboxylic acid group in its structure, the effects of pH and ionic strength on the nanoparticles were also evaluated, finding that the size is responsive to pH and ionic strength, largely swelling at physiological pH and returning to their initial size at acidic pHs. Thus, the developed fluorescent nanoparticles can be categorized as pH-sensitive fluorescent nanogels, since they possess the properties of both pH-responsive hydrogels and nanoparticulate systems. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a model drug to show the capacity of the blue-emitting nanogels to hold drugs in acidic media and release them at physiological pH, from changes in the fluorescence properties of both nanoparticles and DOX. In addition, preliminary studies by super-resolution confocal microscopy were performed, regarding their potential use as image probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | | | | | - Carmen Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.R.-C.); (A.M.); (R.M.)
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18
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Abstract
Circular economy and aqueous synthesis are attractive concepts for sustainable chemistry. Here it is reported that the two can be combined in the universal method for peptide chemistry, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl(Fmoc)/t-Bu solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). It was demonstrated that Fmoc/t-Bu SPPS could be performed under aqueous conditions using standard Fmoc amino acids (AAs) employing TentaGel S as resin and 4 : 1 mixture of water with inexpensive green solvent PolarClean. This resin/solvent combination played a crucial dual role by virtue of improving resin swelling and solubility of starting materials. In a model coupling, TCFH and 2,4,6-collidine afforded a full conversion at only 1.3 equiv. AA, and these conditions were used in SPPS of Leu enkephaline amide affording the model peptide in 85 % yield and 86 % purity. A method to recycle the waste by filtration through a mixed ion exchange resin was developed, allowing reusing the waste without affecting quality of the peptide. The method herein obviates the use of unconventional or processed AAs in aqueous SPPS while using lower amounts of starting materials. By recycling/reusing SPPS waste the hazardous dipolar aprotic solvents used in SPPS were not only replaced with an aqueous medium, solvent use was also significantly reduced. This opens up a new direction in aqueous peptide chemistry in which efficient use of inexpensive starting materials and waste minimization is coupled with the universal Fmoc/t-Bu SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pawlas
- PolyPeptide Group, Limhamnsvägen 108, PO BOX 30089, 20061, Limhamn, Sweden
| | - Jon H Rasmussen
- PolyPeptide Group, Limhamnsvägen 108, PO BOX 30089, 20061, Limhamn, Sweden
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19
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Li J, Xiao C, Wei W, Xiao R, Yao H, Liu H. Constructing a Facile Biocomputing Platform Based on Smart Supramolecular Hydrogel Film Electrodes with Immobilized Enzymes and Gold Nanoclusters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36632-36643. [PMID: 34288670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were simultaneously embedded into self-assembled dipeptide supramolecular films of N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) on the surface of ITO electrodes (Fmoc-FF/AuNCs/HRP) by using a simple single-step process. In the films, both the fluorescence property of AuNCs and the bioelectrocatalytic property of HRP were well maintained and could be reversibly regulated by pH-sensitive structural changes in the Fmoc-FF hydrogel films. Cu(II)/EDTA in the solution could lead to the aggregation/disaggregation of AuNCs and further quenching/dequenching the fluorescence signal from the films. Meanwhile, the blue complexes formed by Cu(II) and EDTA could produce a UV-vis signal in the solution. In addition, the coordinated Cu(II) in the films enhanced the electrocatalytic capacity toward the reduction of H2O2 and could switch the current signal. A biomolecular logic circuit was built based on the smart film electrode system by using pH, the concentrations of EDTA, Cu(II) and H2O2 as inputs, while the fluorescence intensity (FL), current (I) and UV-vis extinction (E) of the solution as outputs. Various logic devices were fabricated using the uniform platform, consisting of an encoder/decoder, demultiplexer, dual-transfer gate, keypad lock, digital comparator, half adder, and controlled NOT (CNOT) gate. Specifically, an electronic three-value logic gate, gullibility (ANY) gate, was first mimicked in this biocomputing system. This work not only demonstrated the construction of a new type of multivalued logic gate by using a dipeptide micromolecular matrix but also provided a new approach for designing sophisticated biologic functions, establishing smart multianalyte biosensing or fabricating biology information processing through the use of a simple film system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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20
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Alacid Y, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Mateo CR. Reusable Fluorescent Nanobiosensor Integrated in a Multiwell Plate for Screening and Quantification of Antidiabetic Drugs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25624-25634. [PMID: 34043318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly stable and reusable fluorescent multisample nanobiosensor for the detection of α-glucosidase inhibitors has been developed by coupling fluorescent liposomal nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers (L-CPNs) to the enzyme α-glucosidase, one of the main target enzymes in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of sensing is based on the fluorescence "turn-on" of L-CPNs by p-nitrophenol (PNP), the end product of the enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside. L-CPNs, composed of lipid vesicles coated with a blue-emitting cationic polyfluorene, were designed and characterized to obtain a good response to PNP. Two nanobiosensor configurations were developed in this study. In the first step, a single-sample nanobiosensor composed of L-CPNs and α-glucosidase entrapped in a sol-gel glass was developed in order to characterize and optimize the device. In the second part, the nanobiosensor was integrated and adapted to a multiwell microplate and the possibility of reusing it and performing multiple measurements simultaneously with samples containing different α-glucosidase inhibitors was investigated. Using super-resolution confocal microscopy, L-CPNs could be visualized within the sol-gel matrix, and the quenching of their fluorescence, induced by the substrate, was directly observed in situ. The device was also shown to be useful not only as a platform for screening of antidiabetic drugs but also for quantifying their presence. The latter application was successfully tested with the currently available drug, acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alacid
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - C Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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21
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Ibrahim MAA, Badr EAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Almansour NM, Shawky AM, Mekhemer GAH, Alrumaihi F, Moustafa MF, Atia MAM. Prospective Drug Candidates as Human Multidrug Transporter ABCG2 Inhibitors: an In Silico Drug Discovery Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:189-200. [PMID: 33954893 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) is a human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) that plays a paramount role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer therapy. The discovery of ABCG2 inhibitors could assist in designing unprecedented therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. There is as yet no approved drug targeting ABCG2, although a large number of drug candidates have been clinically investigated. In this work, binding affinities of 181 drug candidates in clinical-trial or investigational stages as ABCG2 inhibitors were inspected using in silico techniques. Based on available experimental data, the performance of AutoDock4.2.6 software was first validated to predict the inhibitor-ABCG2 binding mode and affinity. Combined molecular docking calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, followed by molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy calculations, were then performed to filter out the studied drug candidates. From the estimated docking scores and MM-GBSA binding energies, six auspicious drug candidates-namely, pibrentasvir, venetoclax, ledipasvir, avatrombopag, cobicistat, and revefenacin-exhibited auspicious binding energies with value < -70.0 kcal/mol. Interestingly, pibrentasvir, venetoclax, and ledipasvir were observed to show even higher binding affinities with the ABCG2 transporter with binding energies of < -80.0 kcal/mol over long MD simulations of 100 ns. The stabilities of these three promising candidates in complex with ABCG2 transporter were demonstrated by their energetics and structural analyses throughout the 100 ns MD simulations. The current study throws new light on pibrentasvir, venetoclax, and ledipasvir as curative options for multidrug resistant cancers by inhibiting ABCG2 transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Esraa A A Badr
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa H M Abdelrahman
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud F Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
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22
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Chen H, Yu J, Men X, Zhang J, Ding Z, Jiang Y, Wu C, Chiu DT. Reversible Ratiometric NADH Sensing Using Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12007-12012. [PMID: 33730372 PMCID: PMC8119375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a key coenzyme in living cells due to its role as an electron carrier in redox reactions, and its concentration is an important indicator of cell metabolic state. Abnormal NADH levels are associated with age-related metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, creating a demand for a simple, rapid analytical method for point-of-care NADH sensing. Here we develop a series of NADH-sensitive semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as nanoprobes for NADH measurement, and test their performance in vitro and in vivo. NADH sensing is based on electron transfer from semiconducting polymer chains in the Pdot to NADH upon UV excitation, quenching Pdot fluorescence emission. In polyfluorene-based Pdots, this mechanism resulted in an on-off NADH sensor; in DPA-CNPPV Pdots, UV excitation resulted in NADH-sensitive emission at two wavelengths, enabling ratiometric detection. Ratiometric NADH detection using DPA-CNPPV Pdots exhibits high sensitivity (3.1 μM limit of detection), excellent selectivity versus other analytes, reversibility, and a fast response (less than 5 s). We demonstrate applications of the ratiometric NADH-sensing Pdots including smartphone-based NADH imaging for point-of-care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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23
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Bressán IG, Llesuy SF, Rodriguez C, Ferloni A, Dawidowski AR, Figar SB, Giménez MI. Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of glyphosate in human urine after pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122616. [PMID: 33744598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, glyphosate was classified as "Group 2A - probably carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, public concerns about the environmental and health risks of this substance have rapidly increased. Considering its toxicokinetic characteristics, urinary levels of glyphosate could be a powerful tool for human biomonitoring. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties of this molecule and the complexity of the matrix make this purpose particularly challenging. In order to solve this problem, the presented study describes a simple LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of glyphosate in human urine after pre-column derivatization with FMOC-Cl. Method development was focused on the optimization of the derivatization reaction in human urine, adjusting critical variables such as pH of borate buffer, FMOC-Cl concentration and derivatization time. Besides, chromatographic separation and spectrometric parameters were also established. The analytical method was fully validated according international guidelines for selectivity, carry over, linearity, accuracy, precision, lower limit of quantitation, matrix effect and stability under different conditions. All performance parameters were within the acceptance criteria. In addition, the method was successfully applied to 52 urine samples obtained from exposed subjects from northern Argentina, laying the foundation for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Bressán
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Chemistry, Instituto Universitario Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S F Llesuy
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto Universitario Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Ferloni
- Epidemiology Section. Medicine Department. Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A R Dawidowski
- Population Health Section. Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S B Figar
- Population Health Section. Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M I Giménez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Zhang R, Yang Q, Boruah BM, Zong G, Li C, Chapla D, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Wang LX. Appropriate aglycone modification significantly expands the glycan substrate acceptability of α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8). Biochem J 2021; 478:1571-1583. [PMID: 33734311 PMCID: PMC8062310 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The α1,6-fucosyltransferase, FUT8, is the sole enzyme catalyzing the core-fucosylation of N-glycoproteins in mammalian systems. Previous studies using free N-glycans as acceptor substrates indicated that a terminal β1,2-GlcNAc moiety on the Man-α1,3-Man arm of N-glycan substrates is required for efficient FUT8-catalyzed core-fucosylation. In contrast, we recently demonstrated that, in a proper protein context, FUT8 could also fucosylate Man5GlcNAc2 without a GlcNAc at the non-reducing end. We describe here a further study of the substrate specificity of FUT8 using a range of N-glycans containing different aglycones. We found that FUT8 could fucosylate most of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans, including highly branched N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin, when the aglycone moiety is modified with a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) moiety or in a suitable peptide/protein context, even if they lack the terminal GlcNAc moiety on the Man-α1,3-Man arm. FUT8 could also fucosylate paucimannose structures when they are on glycoprotein substrates. Such core-fucosylated paucimannosylation is a prominent feature of lysosomal proteins of human neutrophils and several types of cancers. We also found that sialylation of N-glycans significantly reduced their activity as a substrate of FUT8. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that Fmoc aglycone modification could either improve the turnover rate or decrease the KM value depending on the nature of the substrates, thus significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of FUT8 catalyzed fucosylation. Our results indicate that an appropriate aglycone context of N-glycans could significantly broaden the acceptor substrate specificity of FUT8 beyond what has previously been thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Bhargavi M Boruah
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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25
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Liu G, Kim H, Wang P, Fricke DR, Chen H, Wang T, Shen Q, Zhou J. Further lead optimization on Bax activators: Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-fluoro-fluorene derivatives for the treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113427. [PMID: 33845235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To further pursue potent Bax activators with better safety profiles for the treatment of breast cancer, structural optimization was conducted based on lead compound CYD-4-61 through several strategies, including scaffold hopping on the 2-nitro-fluorene ring, replacement of the nitro group with bioisosteres to avoid potential toxicity, and further optimization on the upper pyridine by exploring diverse alkylamine linkers as a tail or replacing the pyridine with bioisosteric heterocycles. F-containing compound 22d (GL0388) exhibited a good balance between the activity and toxicity, displaying submicromolar activities against a variety of cancer cell lines with 5.8-10.7-fold selectivity of decreased activity to MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell line. Compound 22d dose-dependently blocked colony formation of breast cancer cells and prevented the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Mechanism of action studies indicate that 22d activated Bax, rendering its insertion into mitochondrial membrane, thereby leading to cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, subsequently inducing release of apoptotic biomarkers. Further in vivo efficacy studies of 22d in human breast cancer xenografts arisen from MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated that this drug candidate significantly suppressed tumor growth, indicating the therapeutic promise of this class of compounds for the treatment of breast cancer as well as the potential for developing F-radiolabeled imaging ligands as anticancer chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
| | - Doerte R Fricke
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
| | - Tianzhi Wang
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, 77555, United States.
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26
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Abstract
(-)-Lomaiviticin A (1) is a genotoxic C2-symmetric metabolite that arises from the formal dimerization of two bis(glycosylated) diazotetrahydrobenzo[b]fluorenes. Here we present a synthesis of the monomer 17 and its coupling to form (2S,2'S)-lomaiviticin A (4), an unnatural diastereomer of 1. (2S,2'S)-Lomaiviticin A (4) is significantly less genotoxic, a result we attribute to changes in the orientation of the diazofluorene and carbohydrate residues, relative to 1. These data bring the importance of the configuration of the conjoining bond to light and place the total synthesis of 1 itself within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhenwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew Burk
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Laureen Colis
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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27
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Ray M, Kumar V, Banerjee C, Gupta P, Singh S, Singh A. Investigation of biosurfactants produced by three indigenous bacterial strains, their growth kinetics and their anthracene and fluorene tolerance. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111621. [PMID: 33396141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tolerance of indigenous biosurfactant producing microorganisms. Three bacterial species were isolated from crude oil contaminated sites of Haldia, West Bengal. The three species were screened for biosurfactant production and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Brevundimonas sp. IITISM 11, Pseudomonas sp. IITISM 19 and Pseudomonas sp. IITISM 24. The strains showed emulsification activities of 51%, 57% and 63%, respectively. The purified biosurfactants were characterised using FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy and found to have structural similarities to glycolipopeptides, cyclic lipopeptides and glycolipids. The biosurfactants produced were found to be stable under a wide range of temperature (0-100 °C), pH (4-12) and salinity (up to 20% NaCl). Moreover, the strains displayed tolerance to high concentrations (275 mg/L) of anthracene and fluorene and showed a good amount of cell surface hydrophobicity with different hydrocarbons. The study reports the production and characterisation of biosurfactant by Brevundimonas sp. for the first time. Additionally, the kinetic parameters of the bacterial strains grown on up to 300 mg/L concentration of anthracene and fluorene, ranged between 0.0131 and 0.0156 µmax (h-1), while the Ks(mg/L) ranged between 59.28 and 102.66 for Monod's Model. For Haldane-Andrew's model, µmax (h-1) varied between 0.0168 and 0.0198. The inhibition constant was highest for Pseudomonas sp. IITISM 19 on anthracene and Brevundimonas sp. IITISM 11 on fluorene. The findings of the study suggest that indigenous biosurfactant producing strains have tolerance to high PAH concentrations and can be exploited for bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurya Ray
- Labortaory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Labortaory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Laboratory of Bio-energy, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratishtha Gupta
- Labortaory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Labortaory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Labortaory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Konecny J, Misiachna A, Hrabinova M, Pulkrabkova L, Benkova M, Prchal L, Kucera T, Kobrlova T, Finger V, Kolcheva M, Kortus S, Jun D, Valko M, Horak M, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Pursuing the Complexity of Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of Fluoren-9-Amines as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors and N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010003. [PMID: 33375115 PMCID: PMC7822176 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder with unknown etiology. Currently, only symptomatic therapy of AD is available, comprising cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Drugs targeting only one pathological condition have generated only limited efficacy. Thus, combining two or more therapeutic interventions into one molecule is believed to provide higher benefit for the treatment of AD. In the presented study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated 15 novel fluoren-9-amine derivatives. The in silico prediction suggested both the oral availability and permeation through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). An initial assessment of the biological profile included determination of the cholinesterase inhibition and NMDA receptor antagonism at the GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2B subunits, along with a low cytotoxicity profile in the CHO-K1 cell line. Interestingly, compounds revealed a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition pattern with antagonistic activity on the NMDARs. Their interaction with butyrylcholinesterase was elucidated by studying enzyme kinetics for compound 3c in tandem with the in silico docking simulation. The docking study showed the interaction of the tricyclic core of new derivatives with Trp82 within the anionic site of the enzyme in a similar way as the template drug tacrine. From the kinetic analysis, it is apparent that 3c is a competitive inhibitor of BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Konecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lenka Pulkrabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Finger
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marharyta Kolcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kortus
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
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Kim BW, Lee H, Keum G, Kim BM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the mutagenic properties of 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 31:127662. [PMID: 33227415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 2,7-diaminofluorene or 2,7-diaminocarbazole moiety can be employed as a core structure of highly effective NS5A inhibitors that are connected through amide bonds to proline-valine-carbamate motifs. Amide bonds can be easily cleaved via various metabolic pathways upon administration into the body, and metabolites containing 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole core structures have been known to be strong mutagens. To avoid the mutagenesis issue of these core structures, we examined various functional groups at the C9 or N9 position of 2,7-diaminofluorene or 2,7-diaminocarbazole, respectively, through the Ames test in TA98 and TA100 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. We discovered that, through proper alkyl substitution at the C9 or N9 position, 2,7-diaminofluorene and 2,7-diaminocarbazole moieties can be successfully employed in drug discovery without necessarily causing mutagenicity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Reininghaus M, Parkerton TF, Witt G. Comparison of In Situ and Ex Situ Equilibrium Passive Sampling for Measuring Freely Dissolved Concentrations of Parent and Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:2169-2179. [PMID: 32804440 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium passive sampling methods (EPSMs) allow quantification of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree ) in sediment porewater. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a convenient sampling polymer that can be equilibrated in field (in situ) or laboratory (ex situ) sediments to determine Cfree , providing reliable compound-specific PDMS-water partition coefficients (KPDMS-water ) are available. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of sediment contaminants comprised of parent and alkylated homologs. However, application of EPSM to alkylated PAHs is challenged by lack of KPDMS-water measurements. Our first objective was to obtain KPDMS-water for 9 alkylated PAHs and biphenyls using 3 different PDMS-coated fibers. Quantitative relationships were then established to define KPDMS-water for 18 parent and 16 alkyl PAHs included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's sediment quality benchmark method for benthic life protection based on additive toxic units. The second objective was to compare Cfree in porewater obtained using both in situ and ex situ EPSMs at 6 Baltic Sea locations. The results indicated that in situ and ex situ Cfree for alkyl PAHs generally agreed within a factor of 3. Further, all sites exhibited additive toxic units <1, indicating that PAHs pose a low risk to benthos. The results extend practical application of EPSMs for improved risk assessment and derivation of porewater-based remediation goals for PAH-contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2169-2179. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Reininghaus
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Witt
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Ezzeldin E, Abo-Talib NF, Tammam MH, Asiri YA, Amr AEGE, Almehizia AA. Validated Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method with Gradient Elution for Simultaneous Determination of the Antiviral Agents: Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir, Daclatasvir, and Simeprevir in Their Dosage Forms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204611. [PMID: 33050433 PMCID: PMC7587186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and precise reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four direct-acting antivirals, sofosbuvir (SF), ledipasvir (LD), declatasvir (DC), and simeprevir (SM), in their respective pharmaceutical formulations. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 40 °C with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The quantification of SF and DC was based on peak area measurements at 260 nm, while the quantification of LD and SM was achieved at 330 nm. The linearity was acceptable from 1.0 to 20.0 μg/mL for the studied drugs, with correlation coefficients >0.999. The analytical performance of the newly proposed HPLC procedure was thoroughly validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, precision (RSD%, 0.39-1.57), accuracy (98.05-101.90%), specificity, limit of detection (LOD) (0.022-0.039 μg/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.067-0.118 μg/mL), and robustness. The validated HPLC method was successfully used to analyze the abovementioned drugs in their pure and dosage forms without interference from common excipients present in commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Ezzeldin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
| | - Nisreen F. Abo-Talib
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.-T.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Marwa H. Tammam
- Bioavailability Center, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza P.O. Box 29, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.-T.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Yousif A. Asiri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abd El-Galil E. Amr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (A.E.-G.E.A.); (A.A.A.)
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Verpalen ECJM, Brouwer AJ, Boons GJ. Synthesis of monophosphoryl lipid A using 2-naphtylmethyl ethers as permanent protecting groups. Carbohydr Res 2020; 498:108152. [PMID: 33032087 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A, which is a conserved component of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria, has attracted considerable interest for the development of immuno-adjuvants. Most approaches for lipid A synthesis rely on the use of benzyl ethers as permanent protecting groups. Due to the amphiphilic character of lipid A, these compounds aggregate during the hydrogenation step to remove benzyl ethers, resulting in a sluggish reaction and by-product formation. To address this problem, we have developed a synthetic approach based on the use of 2-naphtylmethyl ether (Nap) ethers as permanent protecting group for hydroxyls. At the end of a synthetic sequence, multiple of these protecting groups can readily be removed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). Di-allyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite was employed to install the phosphate ester and the resulting allyl esters were cleaved using palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine. The synthetic strategy allows late stage introduction of different fatty acids at the amines of the target compound, which is facilitated by Troc and Fmoc as orthogonal amino-protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico C J M Verpalen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Arwin J Brouwer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Linard EN, Lee CM, Karanfil T, van den Hurk P. Competitive Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Carbon Nanotubes and the Impact on Bioavailability to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1702-1711. [PMID: 32495402 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies investigating the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the bioavailability of organic contaminants have mostly focused on single-solute systems; however, a more likely scenario in the natural environment is a multisolute system where chemical interactions at the surface of the CNT may alter the bioavailability of these chemicals. In the present study bisolute adsorption isotherms of pairs of chemically similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were established, in conjunction with quantifying the bioavailability of the 2 competing MWCNT-adsorbed PAHs to Pimephales promelas using bile analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that whereas adsorption and bioavailability of chemically similar PAHs (anthracene and phenanthrene, and fluoranthene and pyrene) were the same in a single-solute system, in bisolute systems, PAHs that could better align or flex with the MWCNT surface due to morphological characteristics would outcompete the more rigid or planar PAHs. The bioavailability of individual PAHs in bisolute solutions increased by as much as 50% compared with single-solute solutions. However, the relationship between adsorption (i.e., Kd ) and concentration of PAH in the fish bile was similar in single and bisolute systems. This finding indicates that competitive interactions at the surface of MWCNTs influence bioavailability by way of altering adsorption affinity in a moderately predictable manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1702-1711. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Linard
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cindy M Lee
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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34
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Liu LY, Qiao JX, Yeung KS, Ewing WR, Yu JQ. meta-Selective C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes and Simple Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13831-13835. [PMID: 32333462 PMCID: PMC7485903 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine is known to promote ortho-C-H metalation. Based upon this reactivity, we employed an activated norbornene that traps the ortho-palladation intermediate and is then relayed to the meta position, leading to meta-selective C-H arylation of fluoroarenes. Deuterium experiment suggests that this meta-arylation is initiated by ortho C-H activation and the catalytic cycle is terminated by C-2 protonation. A dual-ligand system is crucial for the observed high reactivity and site selectivity. Applying this approach to simple benzene or other arenes also affords arylation products with good yield and site selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - William R Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Abraham BL, Toriki ES, Tucker NJ, Nilsson BL. Electrostatic interactions regulate the release of small molecules from supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6366-6377. [PMID: 32596699 PMCID: PMC7429908 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels have great potential as biomaterials for sustained delivery of therapeutics. While peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels have been developed that show promise for drug delivery applications, the high cost of production has limited their widespread adoption. Low molecular weight (LMW) supramolecular hydrogels are emerging as attractive and inexpensive alternatives to peptide-based hydrogels. We recently reported novel cationic fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-modified phenylalanine (Fmoc-Phe) hydrogels for localized and sustained in vivo release of an anti-inflammatory agent for functional pain remediation. In an effort to further elucidate design principles to optimize these materials for delivery of a variety of molecular agents, we herein report a systematic examination of electrostatic effects on the release of cargo molecules from Fmoc-Phe derived hydrogels. Specifically, we interrogate the release of cationic, anionic, and neutral cargo molecules from a series of cationic and anionic Fmoc-Phe derived hydrogels. We observed that cargo was readily released from the hydrogels except when the cargo and hydrogel network had complementary charges, in which case the cargo was highly retained in the network. These results demonstrate that the electrostatic characteristics of both the hydrogel network and the specific cargo are critical design parameters in the formulation of LMW supramolecular hydrogel systems in the development of next-generation materials for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Ethan S Toriki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - N'Dea J Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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Yukhimets A, Kuzu SL, Akyüz E, Saral A. Investigation of geospatial distribution of PAH compounds in soil phase and determination of soil-air exchange direction in a megacity. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2471-2484. [PMID: 31300942 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, determination of possible sources, soil-air exchange direction, and spatial distribution of PAH concentrations was aimed. In this scope, soil samples were collected from 35 different points, which have the urban and rural characteristics, from European and Asian Sides in Istanbul. The average ∑16PAH concentrations were found as 22.11 ng/g dw for urban site and 19.53 ng/g dw for rural site, respectively. The highest concentration was 279.5 ng/g dw. PAH concentrations were higher in urban site than rural site. Acenaphthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were observed as the dominant species. PAH concentrations are observed higher mostly in north and west parts of European Side and south and east parts of Asian Side. There was net evaporation from soil to air for lower molecular weight PAHs with 2, 3 rings, while high molecular weight PAHs with 4, 5, 6 rings accumulated in the soil at both urban and rural sites. PAHs were mostly originated from coal burning and the use of diesel engine vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Yukhimets
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Levent Kuzu
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Akyüz
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arslan Saral
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Minkina T, Sushkova S, Yadav BK, Rajput V, Mandzhieva S, Nazarenko O. Accumulation and transformation of benzo[a]pyrene in Haplic Chernozem under artificial contamination. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2485-2494. [PMID: 31264041 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been a major concern because of their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and wide distribution in the environment. Over 90% of PAHs in the environment exist on soil surface/sediment. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the predominant PAHs in soil. Thus, it is critically important to understand the patterns of BaP accumulation and transformation peculiarities in soil for the risk assessment. The studies were conducted in model experiment with Haplic Chernozem spiked with various doses of BaP (20, 200, 400 and 800 µg kg-1) equivalent to 1, 10, 20 and 40 levels of maximum permissible concentrations. The unique properties of Haplic Chernozem were studied allow to accumulate and transform BaP as well as barley plants ability to absorb of some BaP concentration. Extraction of BaP from the soil was carried out by the saponification method. The qualitative and quantitative determination of BaP and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (Agilent 1260 Germany, 2014). BaP accumulation in soil depended on the applied BaP concentrations in Haplic Chernozem. Studying the features of PAHs transformation in the soil of a model experiment 1 year after the compound application showed the BaP content in the soil decreased up to 11-40%. Two years after the BaP application the content in the soil decreased up to 15-44% from the initial BaP content in the soil. The percentage of BaP concentration reduction in Haplic Chernozem increased with an increase in the dose of the applied xenobiotic. An increase in the dose of the applied pollutant to the soil of the model experiment contributed to an increase in all PAHs, which indicated a rapid BaP transformation in Haplic Chernozem. The PAHs content in the soils of model experiment in the first year of the research formed the following descending series: pyrene > chrysene > fluoranthene > phenanthrene. In the second year of research the phenanthrene content became higher than the fluoranthene content. The content of these compounds exceeded 20% of the total PAHs content in the soil samples in the first and second years of the model experiment. The features of PAHs accumulation and transformation in soils under artificial pollution showed the degradation of large-nuclear PAHs, starting from 5-ring polyarenes, and their structural reorganization into the less-nuclear polyarenes, such as 4-, 3-, and 2-ring PAHs. During the 2 years of the model experiment the BaP concentration in the soil decreased up to 15-44% from the initial BaP content in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Prospect, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Prospect, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090.
| | | | - Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Prospect, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, Stachki Prospect, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- The Federal State Budgetary Establishment, The State Center of Agrochemical Service 'Rostovsky', Rostov Region, Russian Federation
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Li W, Hu X, Chen J, Wei Z, Song C, Huang R. N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-Phenylalanine/nano-hydroxyapatite hybrid supramolecular hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles with antibacterial property and cytocompatibility. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2020; 31:73. [PMID: 32729101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic fragility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) restricts its wider applications for local delivery of antibiotics. The composites formed by integrating HAP with hydrogels can improve the properties of HAP. However, these reported composites not only require tedious preparation and employ organic solvent and toxic reagents, but also hardly have inherent antimicrobial property. In this study, N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-Phenylalanine/nano-hydroxyapatite (Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP) hybrid supramolecular hydrogels with antibacterial property and cytocompatibility was prepared by integrating nHAP as reinforcement with Fmoc-L-Phe supramolecular hydrogels. The results showed that nHAP bounds in the chamber of the gel network and adheres to the fiber of Fmoc-L-Phe due to intermolecular interaction, remarkably improving the mechanical strength of Fmoc-L-Phe supramolecular hydrogels. The results of inhibition zone experiment and MTT experiment showed that the Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP hybrid supramolecular hydrogels possess antimicrobial property and cytocompatibility. In vitro release experiment of chlorogenic acid (CGA) from the hybrid supramolecular hydrogels was performed. The study of the release kinetics indicated that the release behavior of CGA from the hybrid supramolecular hydrogels is following Weibull model and release mechanism involved Fickian diffusion and erosion of the surface of hydrogel matrix. The release of CGA shows a good inhibition effect on S. aureus. The results show that the Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP hybrid hydrogels with antibacterial property and cytocompatibility have promising applications as drug delivery carrier. Due to the intrinsic fragility of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the properties of HAP could be improved by incorporation into hydrogels. However, these reported composites not only require tedious preparation and employ organic solvent and toxic reagents, but also hardly have inherent antimicrobial property. We prepared N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-Phenylalanine/nano-hydroxyapatite (Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP) hybrid supramolecular hydrogels by integrating nHAP as reinforcement with Fmoc-L-Phe supramolecular hydrogels. The results showed that nHAP bounds in the chamber of the gel network and adheres to the fiber of Fmoc-L-Phe due to intermolecular interaction, remarkably improving the mechanical strength of Fmoc-L-Phe supramolecular hydrogels. The results of inhibition zone experiment and MTT experiment showed that the Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP hybrid supramolecular hydrogels possess antibacterial property and cytocompatibility. In vitro release experiment of chlorogenic acid (CGA) from the hybrid supramolecular hydrogels was performed. The study of the release kinetics indicated that the release behavior of CGA from the hybrid supramolecular hydrogels is following Weibull model and release mechanism involved Fickian diffusion and erosion of the surface of hydrogel matrix. The release of CGA shows a good inhibition effect on S. aureus. The results show that the Fmoc-L-Phe/nHAP hybrid hydrogels with antibacterial property and cytocompatibility have promising applications as drug delivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengnan Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 430065, Wuhan, China
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Angello NH, Wiley RE, Abelt CJ, Scheerer JR. Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Analysis of 1-Azafluorenone Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153358. [PMID: 32722081 PMCID: PMC7436005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new extension for the 'one pot' construction of diverse 1-azafluorene derivatives featuring a Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder cycloaddition is reported. Conditions were also determined for oxidation to the derived azafluorenones. The spectrophotometric analysis of five different azafluorenones were performed. Moderate fluorescence was observed with azafluorenone derivatives that bear an imbedded pyridone motif; whereas those bearing substituted pyridines do not fluoresce.
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40
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Sharma A, Sun J, Singaram I, Ralko A, Lee D, Cho W. Photostable and Orthogonal Solvatochromic Fluorophores for Simultaneous In Situ Quantification of Multiple Cellular Signaling Molecules. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1913-1920. [PMID: 32525312 PMCID: PMC7909721 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescence sensors are powerful tools for direct quantification of diverse biological analytes. To overcome a shortage of solvatochromic fluorophores crucial for in situ ratiometric imaging of biological targets, we prepared and characterized a small library of modular fluorophores with diverse spectral properties. Among them, WCB and WCR showed excellent spectral properties, including high photostability, brightness, and solvatochromism, and are ideally suited for dual ratiometric imaging due to their spectral orthogonality. By conjugating WCB and WCR with protein-based lipid sensors, we were able to achieve robust simultaneous in situ quantitative imaging of two metabolically linked signaling lipids, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in live cells. This study shows that any combination of signaling molecules can be simultaneously quantified in a spatiotemporally resolved manner by ratiometric imaging with finely tuned solvatochromic fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Indira Singaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, United States
| | - Arthur Ralko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, United States
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, United States
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Jin G, Li W, Song F, Zhao J, Wang M, Liu Q, Li A, Huang G, Xu F. Fluorescent conjugated polymer nanovector for in vivo tracking and regulating the fate of stem cells for restoring infarcted myocardium. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:195-207. [PMID: 32294553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for cardiac regeneration. However, the lack of ability to control stem cell fate after in vivo transplantation greatly restricts its therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNA delivery has emerged as a powerful tool to control stem cell fate for enhanced cardiac regeneration. However, the clinical translation of therapy based on gene-transfected stem cells remains challenging, due to the unknown in vivo behaviors of stem cells. Here, we developed a nano-platform (i.e., PFBT@miR-1-Tat NPs) that can achieve triggered release of microRNA-1 to promote cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs through bright and ultra-stable fluorescence of conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT). We found that PFBT@miR-1-Tat NP-treated MSCs significantly restored the infarcted myocardium by promoting stem cell cardiac differentiation and integration with the in situ cardiac tissues. Meanwhile, MSCs without gene delivery improved the infarcted heart functions mainly through a paracrine effect and blood vessel formation. The developed conjugated polymer nanovector should be a powerful tool for manipulating as well as revealing the fate of therapeutic cells in vivo, which is critical for optimizing the therapeutic route of gene and cell combined therapy and therefore for accelerating clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of controllability in stem cell fate and the unclear in vivo cellular behaviors restrict the therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy. Herein, we engineered fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles as gene delivery nanovectors with controlled release and high intracellular delivery capability to harness the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo, meanwhile to reveal the cellular mechanism of gene-treated stem cell therapy. As compared with only MSC treatment that improves infarcted myocardium functions through paracrine effect, treatment with conjugated polymer nanovector-treated MSCs significantly restored infarcted myocardium through enhancing MSC cardiac differentiation and integration with the in-situ cardiac tissues. These findings demonstrate that the conjugated polymer nanovector would be a powerful tool in optimizing gene and cell combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Lab Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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42
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Ariawan AD, Sun B, Wojciechowski JP, Lin I, Du EY, Goodchild SC, Cranfield CG, Ittner LM, Thordarson P, Martin AD. Effect of polar amino acid incorporation on Fmoc-diphenylalanine-based tetrapeptides. Soft Matter 2020; 16:4800-4805. [PMID: 32400837 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptide hydrogels show great promise as extracellular matrix mimics due to their tuneable, fibrous nature. Through incorporation of polar cationic, polar anionic or polar neutral amino acids into the Fmoc-diphenylalanine motif, we show that electrostatic charge plays a key role in the properties of the subsequent gelators. Specifically, we show that an inverse relationship exists for biocompatibility in the solution state versus the gel state for cationic and anionic peptides. Finally, we use tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) experiments to suggest a likely mode of cytotoxicity for tetrapeptides which exhibit cytotoxicity in the solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daryl Ariawan
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhao YL, Zhao R, Houk KN. Understand the Specific Regio- and Enantioselectivity of Fluostatin Conjugation in the Post-Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E815. [PMID: 32466453 PMCID: PMC7355926 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluostatins, benzofluorene-containing aromatic polyketides in the atypical angucycline family, conjugate into dimeric and even trimeric compounds in the post-biosynthesis. The formation of the C-C bond involves a non-enzymatic stereospecific coupling reaction. In this work, the unusual regio- and enantioselectivities were rationalized by density functional theory calculations with the M06-2X (SMD, water)/6-311 + G(d,p)//6-31G(d) method. These DFT calculations reproduce the lowest energy C1-(R)-C10'-(S) coupling pathway observed in a nonenzymatic reaction. Bonding of the reactive carbon atoms (C1 and C10') of the two reactant molecules maximizes the HOMO-LUMO interactions and Fukui function involving the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of nucleophile p-QM and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of electrophile FST2- anion. In particular, the significant π-π stacking interactions of the low-energy pre-reaction state are retained in the lowest energy pathway for C-C coupling. The distortion/interaction-activation strain analysis indicates that the transition state (TScp-I) of the lowest energy pathway involves the highest stabilizing interactions and small distortion among all possible C-C coupling reactions. One of the two chiral centers generated in this step is lost upon aromatization of the phenol ring in the final difluostatin products. Thus, the π-π stacking interactions between the fluostatin 6-5-6 aromatic ring system play a critical role in the stereoselectivity of the nonenzymatic fluostatin conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resource and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China;
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Rosalinda Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
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44
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Zhang Y, Dang Y, Lin X, An K, Li J, Zhang M. Determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in corn using multi-walled carbon nanotubes followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460939. [PMID: 32085912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Glyp) and glufosinate (Gluf) are widely used herbicides around the world, and their effects on human health and detection of levels have drawn increasing attention. The present study was to establish a method to determine the contents of Glyp and Gluf from corn using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The corn samples were purified by MWCNTs, then the analytes reacted with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOCCl) of acetonitrile solution (20.0 g/L) at 50 °C water bath in a borate buffer solution (50.0 g/L, pH=9) to generate FMOC derivative products. After the derivatization, HSS T3 was used as the separation column, with acetonitrile and 0.05% ammonia as the mobile phase, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) was adopted. The validation parameters showed good verification results, with both of their quantitative limits (LOQ) as 0.005 mg/kg, recoveries between 90.3% and 95.4%, intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the ranges of 1.24% and 3.35%, and inter-day RSDs between 3.56% and 6.06%. The analytical method, developed in this study, has high accuracy and sensitivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous detection of Glyp and Gluf in corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Yamin Dang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Physical-Chemical Test, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Daiyue District, Taian 271016, PR China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Sanitary Inspection Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
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45
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Yuan H, Zhao H, Peng K, Qi R, Bai H, Zhang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Bao J, Wang S. Conjugated Polymer-Quantum Dot Hybrid Materials for Pathogen Discrimination and Disinfection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21263-21269. [PMID: 31825194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new platform for pathogen discrimination and killing based on a conjugated polymer-quantum dot hybrid material was designed and constructed through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. The hybrid material comprises water-soluble anionic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and a cationic poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) derivative (PFP) through electrostatic interactions, thus promoting efficient FRET between PFP and QDs. Upon addition of different pathogen strains, the FRET from PFP to QDs was interrupted because of the competitive binding between PFP and the pathogens. Complexation of PFP and QDs also reduced the dark toxicity to a more desirable level, therefore potentially realizing the controllable killing of pathogens. The technique provides a promising theranostic platform in pathogen discrimination and disinfection based on FRET and phototoxicity of the PFP and QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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46
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Wojciechowski JP, Martin AD, Du EY, Garvey CJ, Nordon RE, Thordarson P. Non-reversible heat-induced gelation of a biocompatible Fmoc-hexapeptide in water. Nanoscale 2020; 12:8262-8267. [PMID: 32236222 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials which respond to changes in temperature are widely applicable for injectable drug delivery or tissue engineering applications. Here, we report the unsual heat-induced gelation behaviour of a low molecular weight gelator based on an Fmoc-hexapeptide, Fmoc-GFFRGD. We show that Fmoc-GFFRGD forms kinetically stable fibres when mixed with divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+). Gelation of the mixture occurs upon heating of the mixture which enables electrostatic screening by the divalent cations and hydrophobic collapse of the fibres to give a self-supporting hydrogel network that shows good biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells. This work highlights a unique mechanism to initiate heat-induced gelation which should find opportunities as a gelation trigger for injectable hydrogels or fundamental self-assembly applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Wojciechowski
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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47
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Punithakumari G, Velmathi S. Dual mode detection of CN - & Cu 2+ using fluorene moiety with logic gate, DFT studies and real sample analysis applications. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:117887. [PMID: 31818646 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple colorimetric receptor was synthesized by the condensation of 2-amino fluorene with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde and its properties were investigated using colorimetric, fluorescence and DFT studies. The sensing mechanism was ascertained by 1H NMR titration studies. The synthesized receptor showed two-pronged chemosensing properties and exhibited remarkable colorimetric transitions from colorless to yellow in the presence of CN- and colorless to green in the presence of Cu2+ in 80:20 acetonitrile/water medium, which could be determined by naked eye observations. The detection limit of receptor to CN- and Cu2+ ion was found to be 7.9 × 10-7 M and 4.5 × 10-8 M respectively. Receptor was also successfully employed in the construction of molecular INHIBIT and YES logic gates. The synthesized receptor was also efficiently used for real-sample analysis in Finger Millet, also known as Ragi in Tamil. Its scientific name is Eleusine coracana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Punithakumari
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India..
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48
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Neumann PR, Crossley DL, Turner M, Ingleson M, Green M, Rao J, Dailey LA. In Vivo Optical Performance of a New Class of Near-Infrared-Emitting Conjugated Polymers: Borylated PF8-BT. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:46525-46535. [PMID: 31746180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Borylated poly(fluorene-benzothiadiazoles) (PF8-BT) are π-conjugated polymers (CPs) with deep-red/near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission profiles suitable for in vivo optical imaging. A fully borylated PF8-BT derivative (P4) was encapsulated in pegylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles and compared with a reference NIR-emitting CP (PCPDTBT) or indocyanine green (ICG). All formulations satisfied quality requirements for parenterally administered diagnostics. P4 nanoparticles had higher quantum yield (2.3%) than PCPCDTBT (0.01%) or ICG nanoparticles (1.1%). The signal/background ratios (SBRs) of CP systems P4 and PCPDTBT in a phantom mouse (λem = 820 nm) increased linearly with fluorophore mass (12.5-100 μg/mL), while the SBRs of ICG decreased above 25 μg/mL. P4 nanoparticles experienced <10% photobleaching over 10 irradiations (PCPDTBT: ∼25% and ICG: >44%). In a mouse tumor xenograft model, P4 nanoparticles showed a 5-fold higher SBR than PCPDTBT particles with fluorophore accumulation in the liver > spleen > tumor. Blood chemistry and tissue histology showed no abnormalities compared to untreated animals after a single administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robert Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120 , Germany
| | - Daniel L Crossley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , U.K
| | - Michael Turner
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Michael Ingleson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , U.K
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120 , Germany
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49
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Basavalingappa V, Bera S, Xue B, Azuri I, Tang Y, Tao K, Shimon LJW, Sawaya MR, Kolusheva S, Eisenberg DS, Kronik L, Cao Y, Wei G, Gazit E. Mechanically rigid supramolecular assemblies formed from an Fmoc-guanine conjugated peptide nucleic acid. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5256. [PMID: 31748568 PMCID: PMC6868146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The variety and complexity of DNA-based structures make them attractive candidates for nanotechnology, yet insufficient stability and mechanical rigidity, compared to polyamide-based molecules, limit their application. Here, we combine the advantages of polyamide materials and the structural patterns inspired by nucleic-acids to generate a mechanically rigid fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-guanine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugate with diverse morphology and photoluminescent properties. The assembly possesses a unique atomic structure, with each guanine head of one molecule hydrogen bonded to the Fmoc carbonyl tail of another molecule, generating a non-planar cyclic quartet arrangement. This structure exhibits an average stiffness of 69.6 ± 6.8 N m-1 and Young's modulus of 17.8 ± 2.5 GPa, higher than any previously reported nucleic acid derived structure. This data suggests that the unique cation-free "basket" formed by the Fmoc-G-PNA conjugate can serve as an attractive component for the design of new materials based on PNA self-assembly for nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Basavalingappa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Santu Bera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ido Azuri
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovoth, Israel
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovoth, Israel
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovoth, Israel
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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50
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Ren BY, Tan YM, Sun CL, Sheng YG. Synthesis and Properties of a Bay-Annulated-Indigo Tetramer Based on Low-Cost Spiro[Fluorene-9,9'-Xanthene] Core. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193623. [PMID: 31597324 PMCID: PMC6804169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional bay-annulated-indigo (BAI) tetramer has been prepared by appending BAI units onto a low-cost spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX) core. The target compound 4BAI-SFX exhibits strong and broad absorption in the visible region covering the range of 450~700 nm. The electrochemical measurement illuminates the characteristics of a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level and multiple redox states of 4BAI-SFX. These results suggest that 4BAI-SFX should be a selectable electron-transporting material for eco-friendly organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yi Ren
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yan-Mei Tan
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Chang-Liang Sun
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Sheng
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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