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Li Y, Hook JS, Ding Q, Xiao X, Chung SS, Mettlen M, Xu L, Moreland JG, Agathocleous M. Neutrophil metabolomics in severe COVID-19 reveal GAPDH as a suppressor of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2610. [PMID: 37147288 PMCID: PMC10162006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in the number and changes in the function of innate immune cells including neutrophils. However, it is not known how the metabolome of immune cells changes in patients with COVID-19. To address these questions, we analyzed the metabolome of neutrophils from patients with severe or mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. We identified widespread dysregulation of neutrophil metabolism with disease progression including in amino acid, redox, and central carbon metabolism. Metabolic changes in neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 were consistent with reduced activity of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. Inhibition of GAPDH blocked glycolysis and promoted pentose phosphate pathway activity but blunted the neutrophil respiratory burst. Inhibition of GAPDH was sufficient to cause neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation which required neutrophil elastase activity. GAPDH inhibition increased neutrophil pH, and blocking this increase prevented cell death and NET formation. These findings indicate that neutrophils in severe COVID-19 have an aberrant metabolism which can contribute to their dysfunction. Our work also shows that NET formation, a pathogenic feature of many inflammatory diseases, is actively suppressed in neutrophils by a cell-intrinsic mechanism controlled by GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Li
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen S Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, Quantitative Light Microscopy Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michalis Agathocleous
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Tamáš M, Pankratova S, Schjerling P, Soendenbroe C, Yeung CC, Pennisi CP, Jakobsen JR, Krogsgaard MR, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Mutual stimulatory signaling between human myogenic cells and rat cerebellar neurons. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15077. [PMID: 34713978 PMCID: PMC8554775 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into the bidirectional signaling between primary human myogenic cells and neurons is lacking. For this purpose, human myogenic cells were derived from the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles of five healthy individuals and co-cultured with cerebellar granule neurons from two litters of 7-day-old Wistar rat pups, in muscle medium or neural medium, alongside monocultures of myogenic cells or neurons. RT-PCR was performed to determine human mRNA levels of GAPDH, Ki67, myogenin, and MUSK, and the acetylcholine receptor subtypes CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRNG, CHRND, and CHRNE, and rat mRNA levels of GAPDH, Fth1, Rack1, vimentin, Cdh13, and Ppp1r1a. Immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate neurite outgrowth (GAP43) in the presence and absence of myogenic cells. Co-culture with primary neurons lead to higher myogenic cell gene expression levels of GAPDH, myogenin, MUSK, CHRNA1, CHRNG, and CHRND, compared to myogenic cells cultured alone. It appeared that neurons preferentially attached to myotubes and that neurite outgrowth was enhanced when neurons were cultured with myogenic cells compared to monoculture. In neural medium, rat mRNA levels of GAPDH, vimentin, Cdh13, and Ppp1r1a were greater in co-culture, versus monoculture, whereas in muscle medium co-culture lead to lower levels of Fth1, Rack1, vimentin, and Cdh13 than monoculture. These findings demonstrate mutually beneficial stimulatory signaling between rat cerebellar granule neurons and human myogenic cells, providing support for an active role for both the neuron and the muscle cell in stimulating neurite growth and myogenesis. Bidirectional muscle nerve signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tamáš
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Laboratory of Neural PlasticityDepartment of NeuroscienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Comparative Pediatrics and NutritionDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- XlabDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ching‐Yan Chloé Yeung
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine GroupDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Jens R. Jakobsen
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michael R. Krogsgaard
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- XlabDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Mosbach ML, Pfafenrot C, von Strandmann EP, Bindereif A, Preußer C. Molecular Determinants for RNA Release into Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:2674. [PMID: 34685656 PMCID: PMC8534350 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular communication and act as vehicles for biological material, such as various classes of coding and non-coding RNAs, a few of which were shown to selectively target into vesicles. However, protein factors, mechanisms, and sequence elements contributing to this specificity remain largely elusive. Here, we use a reporter system that results in different types of modified transcripts to decipher the specificity determinants of RNAs released into EVs. First, we found that small RNAs are more efficiently packaged into EVs than large ones, and second, we determined absolute quantities for several endogenous RNA transcripts in EVs (U6 snRNA, U1 snRNA, Y1 RNA, and GAPDH mRNA). We show that RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcripts are more efficiently secreted into EVs compared to pol II-derived transcripts. Surprisingly, our quantitative analysis revealed no RNA accumulation in the vesicles relative to the total cellular levels, based on both overexpressed reporter transcripts and endogenous RNAs. RNA appears to be EV-associated only at low copy numbers, ranging between 0.02 and 1 molecule per EV. This RNA association may reflect internal EV encapsulation or a less tightly bound state at the vesicle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Mosbach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.-L.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Pfafenrot
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.-L.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Albrecht Bindereif
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (M.-L.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Preußer
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
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Moreno JC, Rojas BE, Vicente R, Gorka M, Matz T, Chodasiewicz M, Peralta‐Ariza JS, Zhang Y, Alseekh S, Childs D, Luzarowski M, Nikoloski Z, Zarivach R, Walther D, Hartman MD, Figueroa CM, Iglesias AA, Fernie AR, Skirycz A. Tyr-Asp inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects plant redox metabolism. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106800. [PMID: 34156108 PMCID: PMC8327957 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How organisms integrate metabolism with the external environment is a central question in biology. Here, we describe a novel regulatory small molecule, a proteogenic dipeptide Tyr-Asp, which improves plant tolerance to oxidative stress by directly interfering with glucose metabolism. Specifically, Tyr-Asp inhibits the activity of a key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), and redirects glucose toward pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and NADPH production. In line with the metabolic data, Tyr-Asp supplementation improved the growth performance of both Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings subjected to oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, inhibition of Arabidopsis phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity by a group of branched-chain amino acid-containing dipeptides, but not by Tyr-Asp, points to a multisite regulation of glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathway by dipeptides. In summary, our results open the intriguing possibility that proteogenic dipeptides act as evolutionarily conserved small-molecule regulators at the nexus of stress, protein degradation, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Moreno
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Bruno E Rojas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del LitoralUNLCONICET, FBCBSanta FeArgentina
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Michal Gorka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Timon Matz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- BioinformaticsInstitute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | | | | | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB)PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB)PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Dorothee Childs
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- BioinformaticsInstitute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB)PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Faculty of Natural SciencesThe Ben Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
| | - Matías D Hartman
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del LitoralUNLCONICET, FBCBSanta FeArgentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del LitoralUNLCONICET, FBCBSanta FeArgentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del LitoralUNLCONICET, FBCBSanta FeArgentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB)PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaUSA
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Lim H, Hwang H, Kim T, Kim S, Chung H, Lee D, Kim S, Park S, Cho W, Ji H, Lee G. Transcriptomic Analysis of Rice Plants Overexpressing PsGAPDH in Response to Salinity Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050641. [PMID: 33923067 PMCID: PMC8146104 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a main enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. It plays an essential role in glycerolipid metabolism and response to various stresses. To examine the function of PsGAPDH (Pleurotus sajor-caju GAPDH) in response to abiotic stress, we generated transgenic rice plants with single-copy/intergenic/homozygous overexpression PsGAPDH (PsGAPDH-OX) and investigated their responses to salinity stress. Seedling growth and germination rates of PsGAPDH-OX were significantly increased under salt stress conditions compared to those of the wild type. To elucidate the role of PsGAPDH-OX in salt stress tolerance of rice, an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used to analyze transcriptome profiles of leaves under salt stress. Analysis results of sequencing data showed that 1124 transcripts were differentially expressed. Using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analyses of DEGs such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expression were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Interestingly, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes, of which expression was enhanced by abiotic stress, showed a significant difference in PsGAPDH-OX. Findings of this study suggest that PsGAPDH plays a role in the adaptation of rice plants to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Lim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Hyunju Hwang
- Department of Applied Marine Bioresource Science, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Taelim Kim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Soyoung Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.K.); (S.P.); (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Hoyong Chung
- 3BIGS CO. LTD., 156 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon 16429, Korea;
| | - Daewoo Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16430, Korea;
| | - Soorin Kim
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Soochul Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.K.); (S.P.); (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Woosuk Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.K.); (S.P.); (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.K.); (S.P.); (W.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Gangseob Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.K.); (S.P.); (W.C.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Kishimoto N, Yamamoto K, Abe T, Yasuoka N, Takamune N, Misumi S. Glucose-dependent aerobic glycolysis contributes to recruiting viral components into HIV-1 particles to maintain infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:187-193. [PMID: 33676187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular environment affects optimal viral replication because viruses cannot replicate without their host cells. In particular, metabolic resources such as carbohydrates, lipids, and ATP are crucial for viral replication, which is sensitive to cellular metabolism. Intriguingly, recent studies have demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection induces a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in CD4+ T cells to produce the virus efficiently. However, the importance of aerobic glycolysis in maintaining the quality of viral components and viral infectivity has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we show that aerobic glycolysis is necessary not only to override the inhibitory effect of virion-incorporated glycolytic enzymes, but also to maintain the enzymatic activity of reverse transcriptase and the adequate packaging of envelope proteins into HIV-1 particles. To investigate the effect of metabolic remodeling on the phenotypic properties of HIV-1 produced by infected cells, we replaced glucose with galactose in the culture medium because the cells grown in galactose-containing medium are forced to carry out oxidative metabolism instead of aerobic glycolysis. We found that the packaging levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase and pyruvate kinase muscle type 2, which decrease HIV-1 infectivity by packaging into viral particles, are increased in progeny viruses produced by the cells grown in galactose-containing medium. Furthermore, we found that the entry and reverse transcription efficiency of the progeny viruses were reduced, which was caused by a decrease in the enzymatic activity of reverse transcriptase in the viral particles and a decrease in the packaging levels of envelope proteins and reverse transcriptase. These results indicate that the aerobic glycolysis environment in HIV-1-infected cells may contribute to the quality control of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Norito Yasuoka
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Yang S. Cytosolic TaGAPC2 Enhances Tolerance to Drought Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207499. [PMID: 33053684 PMCID: PMC7590034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major natural disaster that seriously affects agricultural production, especially for winter wheat in boreal China. As functional proteins, the functions and mechanisms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in cytoplasm (GAPCs) have remained little investigated in wheat subjected to adverse environmental conditions. In this study, we cloned and characterized a GAPC isoform TaGAPC2 in wheat. Over-expression of TaGApC2-6D in Arabidopsis led to enhanced root length, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and elevated drought tolerance. In addition, the dual-luciferase assays showed that TaWRKY28/33/40/47 could positively regulate the expression of TaGApC2-6A and TaGApC2-6D. Further results of the yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay (BiFC) demonstrate that TaPLDδ, an enzyme producing phosphatidic acid (PA), could interact with TaGAPC2-6D in plants. These results demonstrate that TaGAPC2 regulated by TaWRKY28/33/40/47 plays a crucial role in drought tolerance, which may influence the drought stress conditions via interaction with TaPLDδ. In conclusion, our results establish a new positive regulation mechanism of TaGAPC2 that helps wheat fine-tune its drought response.
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Wang X, Shi D, Zhao D, Hu D. Aberrant Methylation and Differential Expression of SLC2A1, TNS4, GAPDH, ATP8A2, and CASZ1 Are Associated with the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:1807089. [PMID: 33029490 PMCID: PMC7532994 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1807089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading triggers for cancer death worldwide. In this study, the relationship of the aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with cancer prognosis was investigated, and 5 feature genes were identified eventually. Specifically, we firstly downloaded the LUAD-related mRNA expression profile (including 57 normal tissue samples and 464 LUAD tissue samples) and Methy450 expression data (including 32 normal tissue samples and 373 LUAD tissue samples) from the TCGA database. The package "limma" was used to screen differentially expressed genes and aberrantly methylated genes, which were intersected for identifying the hypermethylated downregulated genes (DGs Hyper) and the hypomethylated upregulated genes (UGs Hypo). GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were further performed, and it was found that these DGs Hyper and UGs Hypo were predominantly activated in the biological processes and signaling pathways such as the regulation of vasculature development, DNA-binding transcription activator activity, and Ras signaling pathway, indicating that these genes play a vital role in the initiation and progression of LUAD. Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to find the genes significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. Five genes including SLC2A1, TNS4, GAPDH, ATP8A2, and CASZ1 were identified, with the former three highly expressed and the latter two poorly expressed in LUAD, indicating poor prognosis of LUAD patients as judged by survival analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Pneumology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Dongming Shi
- Department of Pneumology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Dejun Zhao
- Department of Pneumology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
| | - Danping Hu
- Department of Pneumology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, China
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9
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Bednarz-Misa I, Neubauer K, Zacharska E, Kapturkiewicz B, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Whole blood ACTB, B2M and GAPDH expression reflects activity of inflammatory bowel disease, advancement of colorectal cancer, and correlates with circulating inflammatory and angiogenic factors: Relevance for real-time quantitative PCR. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2020; 29:547-556. [PMID: 32424999 DOI: 10.17219/acem/118845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of bowel inflammation and cancer on the expression of the most prevalent internal controls: ACTB, GAPDH and B2M in whole blood is unknown, although at least GAPDH occurred to be tightly regulated and suspected of supporting cancer growth, challenging its suitability as a reference. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of colorectal cancer (CRC) and active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the stability of ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, SDHA, and TBP leukocyte expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene expression in controls and CRC and IBD patients (n = 21/18/25) was evaluated in real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and comparative ΔCt method, and validated by comparison with absolute quantification of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and CCL4. RESULTS HPRT1, SDHA and TBP were superior normalizers in CRC and IBD. The highest expression variability was noted in active IBD. B2M was significantly lower in CRC but higher in IBD. GAPDH was higher in CRC and IBD. ACTB and GAPDH corresponded with CRC advancement (ρ = 0.52 and ρ = 0.53) and with clinical activity in Crohn's disease (ρ = 0.44 and ρ = 0.57) and ulcerative colitis (GAPDH: ρ = 0.72). ACTB, B2M and GAPDH correlated with circulating inflammatory/angiogenic indices, differently in IBD and CRC. CONCLUSIONS Leukocyte GAPDH, ACTB, and B2M expression is affected by bowel inflammation and cancer, rendering them unsuitable as a reference in CRC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Ewa Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kapturkiewicz
- First Department of Oncological Surgery of Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wrocław, Poland
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Shandilya S, Rani P, Onteru SK, Singh D. Natural ligand-receptor mediated loading of siRNA in milk derived exosomes. J Biotechnol 2020; 318:1-9. [PMID: 32361020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
siRNA based therapeutics have become the next frontier in molecular medicine. Though exosomes emerge as a promising drug delivery vehicle for siRNAs, significant hurdle remains in finding safe and effective loading methods. Traditional methods of loading exogenous siRNAs in exosomes are marked by certain limitations like siRNA aggregation, toxicity to the cells and their high experimental cost. As an electroporation and lipofection free approach, we show that the molecular conjugate of bovine lactoferrin with polyl-l-ysine electrostatically interacts with negatively charged siRNA, wherein lactoferrin as a ligand is captured by the GAPDH present in exosomes, loading siRNA in an effortless manner. This method exhibited transfection efficiency, colocalization percentage and colocalization threshold similar to electroporation. Furthermore, efficient uptake of exosomes loaded with siRNA via conjugate in recipient cells was observed. Our current study univocally establishes chemical free and non-mechanical method for the encapsulation and intercellular delivery of siRNA for wider therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shandilya
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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11
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Gao R, Miao X, Sun C, Su S, Zhu Y, Qian D, Ouyang Z, Duan J. Frankincense and myrrh and their bioactive compounds ameliorate the multiple myeloma through regulation of metabolome profiling and JAK/STAT signaling pathway based on U266 cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:96. [PMID: 32293402 PMCID: PMC7092432 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frankincense and myrrh are used as traditional anti-inflammatory and analgesic medicines in China. It has been reported that frankincense and myrrh have significant anti-tumor activities. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of frankincense ethanol extracts (RXC), myrrh ethanol extracts (MYC), frankincense -myrrh ethanol extracts (YDC), frankincense -myrrh water extracts (YDS) and their main compounds on U266 human multiple myeloma cell line. METHODS The inhibition effects of cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assays. Cell culture supernatant was collected for estimation of cytokines. Western blot analysis was designed to investigate the regulatory of JAK/STAT signal pathway. In addition, cell metabolomics based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) had been established to investigate the holistic efficacy of frankincense and myrrh on U266 cells. Acquired data were processed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential biomarkers. RESULTS RXC, MYC significantly inhibited the proliferation of U266 cells at dose of 25-400 μg/mL, YDC and YDS at the dose of 12.5-400 μg/mL. 3-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-11 keto-boswellic acid and 11-keto-boswellic acid had the most significant anti- multiple myeloma activities in the 10 compounds investigated, therefore these 3 compounds were selected as representatives for Elisa assay and western blotting experiments. All the extracts and active compounds ameliorated the secretion of cytokines and down-regulated the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related proteins. Comparing RXC, MYC, YDC and YDS-treated U266 cells with vehicle control (DMSO), 13, 8, 7, 7 distinct metabolites and 2, 2, 3, 0 metabolic target pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, vitamin metabolism, arachidonic acid were identified, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our results suggest that the frankincense and myrrh and their bioactive compounds inhibit proliferation of U266 multiple myeloma cells by regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway and cellular metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeng Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Xiaodong Miao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Chengjing Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Shulan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | | | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
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12
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Wang D, Xiao Q, Zhang W, Wang X, Xue X, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Wang H. Landscape of ubiquitination events that occur in host skin in response to tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) bitten. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 104:103572. [PMID: 31838045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are major parasites of domestic livestock, wildlife, and humans. After a tick bite, diverse cutaneous manifestations initially occur in the bitten area in the host. In this study, a label-free proteomics approach was applied to identify the differentially ubiquitinated proteins (DUPs) induced by tick-bitten in the skin. In total, 113 proteins were ubiquitinated in rabbit skin during tick bitten period, among which the ubiquitination levels of 43 proteins were altered. These DUPs in skin subjected to tick-bitten were enriched in metabolic processes, immune processes, and protein degradation processes. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that tick bitten may regulate the glycolysis pathway in host skin via differential ubiquitination of GAPDH, HK1 and TPI1, while regulate the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the MHC-I and MHC-II antigen-presenting pathways, and the HIF-1 signaling pathway via differential ubiquitination of MEK1, PSMC3, PSMA6, MHC-II and PSMD1. Moreover, PSMC3, PSMA6, PSMD1 and MEK1 were demonstrated as novel targets of ubiquitination. This study provides the first overview of ubiquitination in host skin affected by tick bitten and broadens our knowledge of the molecular mechanism involved in tick bitten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China.
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13
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Liberti MV, Allen AE, Ramesh V, Dai Z, Singleton KR, Guo Z, Liu JO, Wood KC, Locasale JW. Evolved resistance to partial GAPDH inhibition results in loss of the Warburg effect and in a different state of glycolysis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:111-124. [PMID: 31748414 PMCID: PMC6952593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect (WE) is characterized by increased glucose uptake and incomplete oxidation to lactate. Although the WE is ubiquitous, its biological role remains controversial, and whether glucose metabolism is functionally different during fully oxidative glycolysis or during the WE is unknown. To investigate this question, here we evolved resistance to koningic acid (KA), a natural product that specifically inhibits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a rate-controlling glycolytic enzyme, during the WE. We found that KA-resistant cells lose the WE but continue to conduct glycolysis and surprisingly remain dependent on glucose as a carbon source and also on central carbon metabolism. Consequently, this altered state of glycolysis led to differential metabolic activity and requirements, including emergent activities in and dependences on fatty acid metabolism. These findings reveal that aerobic glycolysis is a process functionally distinct from conventional glucose metabolism and leads to distinct metabolic requirements and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Liberti
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
| | - Annamarie E Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Vijyendra Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Katherine R Singleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Zufeng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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14
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Nagy PD, Lin W. Taking over Cellular Energy-Metabolism for TBSV Replication: The High ATP Requirement of an RNA Virus within the Viral Replication Organelle. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010056. [PMID: 31947719 PMCID: PMC7019945 DOI: 10.3390/v12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries on virus-driven hijacking and compartmentalization of the cellular glycolytic and fermentation pathways to support robust virus replication put the spotlight on the energy requirement of viral processes. The active recruitment of glycolytic enzymes in combination with fermentation enzymes by the viral replication proteins emphasizes the advantages of producing ATP locally within viral replication structures. This leads to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how viruses take over host metabolism to support the virus’s energy needs during the replication process. This review highlights our current understanding of how a small plant virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, exploits a conserved energy-generating cellular pathway during viral replication. The emerging picture is that viruses not only rewire cellular metabolic pathways to obtain the necessary resources from the infected cells but the fast replicating viruses might have to actively hijack and compartmentalize the energy-producing enzymes to provide a readily available source of ATP for viral replication process.
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15
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Kopacz A, Klóska D, Proniewski B, Cysewski D, Personnic N, Piechota-Polańczyk A, Kaczara P, Zakrzewska A, Forman HJ, Dulak J, Józkowicz A, Grochot-Przęczek A. Keap1 controls protein S-nitrosation and apoptosis-senescence switch in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101304. [PMID: 31491600 PMCID: PMC6731384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence, a death escaping pathway for cells experiencing stress, is conducive to aging and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular switch between senescent and apoptotic fate remains, however, poorly recognized. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor orchestrating adaptive response to cellular stress. Here, we show that both human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and murine aortas lacking Nrf2 signaling are senescent but unexpectedly do not encounter damaging oxidative stress. Instead, they exhibit markedly increased S-nitrosation of proteins. A functional role of S-nitrosation is protection of ECs from death by inhibition of NOX4-mediated oxidative damage and redirection of ECs to premature senescence. S-nitrosation and senescence are mediated by Keap1, a direct binding partner of Nrf2, which colocalizes and precipitates with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and transnitrosating protein GAPDH in ECs devoid of Nrf2. We conclude that the overabundance of this "unrestrained" Keap1 determines the fate of ECs by regulation of S-nitrosation and propose that Keap1/GAPDH/NOS complex may serve as an enzymatic machinery for S-nitrosation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kopacz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Klóska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolas Personnic
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piechota-Polańczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzewska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grochot-Przęczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Medzihradszky A, Gyula P, Sós‐Hegedűs A, Szittya G, Burgyán J. Transcriptome reprogramming in the shoot apical meristem of CymRSV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants associates with viral exclusion and the lack of recovery. Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 20:1748-1758. [PMID: 31560831 PMCID: PMC6859499 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In some plant-virus interactions plants show a sign of healing from virus infection, a phenomenon called symptom recovery. It is assumed that the meristem exclusion of the virus is essential to this process. The discovery of RNA silencing provided a possible mechanism to explain meristem exclusion and recovery. Here we show evidence that silencing is not the reason for meristem exclusion in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV). Transcriptome analysis followed by in situ hybridization shed light on the changes in gene expression in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) on virus infection. We observed the down-regulation of meristem-specific genes, including WUSCHEL (WUS). However, WUS was not down-regulated in the SAM of plants infected with meristem-invading viruses such as turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Moreover, there is no connection between loss of meristem function and fast shoot necrosis since TVCV necrotized the shoot while CMV did not. Our findings suggest that the observed transcriptional changes on virus infection in the shoot are key factors in tip necrosis and symptom recovery. We observed a lack of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPDH) expression in tissues around the meristem, which likely stops virus replication and spread into the meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Medzihradszky
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyNational Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreSzent‐Györgyi Albert u. 4Gödöllő2100Hungary
| | - Péter Gyula
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyNational Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreSzent‐Györgyi Albert u. 4Gödöllő2100Hungary
| | - Anita Sós‐Hegedűs
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyNational Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreSzent‐Györgyi Albert u. 4Gödöllő2100Hungary
| | - György Szittya
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyNational Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreSzent‐Györgyi Albert u. 4Gödöllő2100Hungary
| | - József Burgyán
- Department of Plant BiotechnologyNational Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreSzent‐Györgyi Albert u. 4Gödöllő2100Hungary
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17
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You ST, Jhou YT, Kao CF, Leu JY. Experimental evolution reveals a general role for the methyltransferase Hmt1 in noise buffering. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000433. [PMID: 31613873 PMCID: PMC6814240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity within an isogenic population has been observed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Such heterogeneity often manifests at the level of individual protein abundance and may have evolutionary benefits, especially for organisms in fluctuating environments. Although general features and the origins of cellular noise have been revealed, details of the molecular pathways underlying noise regulation remain elusive. Here, we used experimental evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to select for mutations that increase reporter protein noise. By combining bulk segregant analysis and CRISPR/Cas9-based reconstitution, we identified the methyltransferase Hmt1 as a general regulator of noise buffering. Hmt1 methylation activity is critical for the evolved phenotype, and we also show that two of the Hmt1 methylation targets can suppress noise. Hmt1 functions as an environmental sensor to adjust noise levels in response to environmental cues. Moreover, Hmt1-mediated noise buffering is conserved in an evolutionarily distant yeast species, suggesting broad significance of noise regulation. Experimental evolution in yeast reveals that the methyltransferase Hmt1 functions as a mediator connecting environmental stimuli to cellular noise; Hmt1-mediated noise buffering is conserved in an evolutionarily distant yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting You
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Jhou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Fan Y, Dhaliwal HK, Menon AV, Chang J, Choi JE, Amiji MM, Kim J. Site-specific intestinal DMT1 silencing to mitigate iron absorption using pH-sensitive multi-compartmental nanoparticulate oral delivery system. Nanomedicine 2019; 22:102091. [PMID: 31626992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a nutrient metal, but excess iron promotes tissue damage. Since iron chelation therapies exhibit multiple off-target toxicities, there is a substantial demand for more specific approaches to decrease iron burden in iron overload. While the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) plays a well-established role in the absorption of dietary iron, up-regulation of intestinal DMT1 is associated with iron overload in both humans and rodents. Hence, we developed a novel pH-sensitive multi-compartmental particulate (MCP) oral delivery system that encapsulates DMT1 siRNA and validated its efficacy in mice. Using the gelatin NPs coated with Eudragit® L100-55, we demonstrated that DMT1 siRNA-loaded MCPs down-regulated DMT1 mRNA levels in the duodenum, which was consistent with decreased intestinal absorption of orally-administered 59Fe. Together, the Eudragit® L100-55-based oral siRNA delivery system could provide an effective strategy to specifically down-regulate duodenal DMT1 and mitigate iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - JuOae Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Mondragón L, Mhaidly R, De Donatis GM, Tosolini M, Dao P, Martin AR, Pons C, Chiche J, Jacquin M, Imbert V, Proïcs E, Boyer L, Doye A, Luciano F, Neels JG, Coutant F, Fabien N, Sormani L, Rubio-Patiño C, Bossowski JP, Muller F, Marchetti S, Villa E, Peyron JF, Gaulard P, Lemonnier F, Asnafi V, Genestier L, Benhida R, Fournié JJ, Passeron T, Ricci JE, Verhoeyen E. GAPDH Overexpression in the T Cell Lineage Promotes Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma through an NF-κB-Dependent Mechanism. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:268-287.e10. [PMID: 31447347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GAPDH is emerging as a key player in T cell development and function. To investigate the role of GAPDH in T cells, we generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing GAPDH in the T cell lineage. Aged mice developed a peripheral Tfh-like lymphoma that recapitulated key molecular, pathological, and immunophenotypic features of human angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL). GAPDH induced non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation in mouse T cells, which was strongly activated in human AITL. We developed a NIK inhibitor to reveal that targeting the NF-κB pathway prolonged AITL-bearing mouse survival alone and in combination with anti-PD-1. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting NF-κB signaling in AITL and provide a model for future AITL therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Mhaidly
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Marie Tosolini
- Pôle Technologique du CRCT - Plateau Bioinformatique INSERM-UMR 1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Dao
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Caroline Pons
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Marie Jacquin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Emma Proïcs
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Anne Doye
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Jaap G Neels
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Coutant
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Fabien
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Laura Sormani
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Elodie Villa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Philippe Gaulard
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France; Département de Pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - François Lemonnier
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France; Unité hémopathies lymphoïdes, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris 5, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- CRCL, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR UNS-CNRS 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- CRCT, INSERM U1037 - Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France; IUCT, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Department of Dermatology, 06204 Nice, France
| | | | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France.
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20
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Zhang L, Song Z, Li F, Li X, Ji H, Yang S. The specific MYB binding sites bound by TaMYB in the GAPCp2/3 promoters are involved in the drought stress response in wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:366. [PMID: 31426752 PMCID: PMC6701022 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and productivity. The GAPCp genes play important roles in drought stress tolerance in multiple species. The aim of this experiment was to identify the core cis-regulatory elements that may respond to drought stress in the GAPCp2 and GAPCp3 promoter sequences. RESULTS In this study, the promoters of GAPCp2 and GAPCp3 were cloned. The promoter activities were significantly improved under abiotic stress via regulation of Rluc reporter gene expression, while promoter sequence analysis indicated that these fragments were not almost identical. In transgenic Arabidopsis with the expression of the GUS reporter gene under the control of one of these promoters, the activities of GUS were strong in almost all tissues except the seeds, and the activities were induced after abiotic stress. The yeast one-hybrid system and EMSA demonstrated that TaMYB bound TaGAPCp2P/3P. By analyzing different 5' deletion mutants of these promoters, it was determined that TaGAPCp2P (- 1312~ - 528) and TaGAPCp3P (- 2049~ - 610), including the MYB binding site, contained enhancer elements that increased gene expression levels under drought stress. We used an effector and a reporter to co-transform tobacco and found that TaMYB interacted with the specific MYB binding sites of TaGAPCp2P (- 1197~ - 635) and TaGAPCp3P (- 1456~ - 1144 and - 718~ - 610) in plant cells. Then, the Y1H system and EMSA assay demonstrated that these MYB binding sites in TaGAPCp2P (- 1135 and - 985) and TaGAPCp3P (- 1414 and - 665) were the target cis-elements of TaMYB. The deletion of the specific MYB binding sites in the promoter fragments significantly restrained the drought response, and these results confirmed that these MYB binding sites (AACTAAA/C) play vital roles in improving the transcription levels under drought stress. The results of qRT-PCR in wheat protoplasts transiently overexpressing TaMYB indicated that the expression of TaGAPCp2/3 induced by abiotic stress was upregulated by TaMYB. CONCLUSION The MYB binding sites (AACTAAA/C) in TaGAPCp2P/3P were identified as the key cis-elements for responding to drought stress and were bound by the transcription factor TaMYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Haikun Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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21
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Khan Z, Nisar MA, Muzammil S, Zafar S, Zerr I, Rehman A. Cadmium induces GAPDH- and- MDH mediated delayed cell aging and dysfunction in Candida tropicalis 3Aer. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:490. [PMID: 31297613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes employ various mechanisms to survive environmental stress conditions. Multicellular organisms eliminate permanently damaged cells by apoptosis, while unicellular eukaryotes like yeast react by decelerating cell aging. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of delayed apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Candida tropicalis 3Aer has a set of tightly controlled genes that are activated under Cd+2 exposition. Acute exposure to Cd+2 halts the cell cycle at the G2/M phase checkpoint and activates multiple cytoplasmic proteins that overcome effects of Cd+2-induced reactive oxygen species. Prolonged Cd+2 stress damages DNA and initiates GAPDH amyloid formation. This is the first report that Cd+2 challenge initiates dynamic redistribution of GAPDH and MDH and alters various metabolic pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway. In conclusion, the intracellular redistribution of GAPDH and MDH induced by prolonged cadmium stress modulates various cellular reactions, which facilitate delayed aging in the yeast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Khan
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology (UIMLT), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Nisar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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22
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Xiong W, Wen Q, Du X, Wang J, He W, Wang R, Hu S, Zhou X, Yang J, Gao Y, Ma L. Novel Function of Cyclooxygenase-2: Suppressing Mycobacteria by Promoting Autophagy via the Protein Kinase B/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1267-1279. [PMID: 29373690 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression considerably increases to defend the body against mycobacteria by regulating adaptive immunity and restoring the mitochondrial inner membrane. Moreover, in cancer cells, COX-2 enhances the autophagy machinery, an important bactericidal mechanism. However, the association between M. tuberculosis-induced COX-2 and autophagy-mediated antimycobacterial response has not been explored. Here, COX-2 expression silencing reduced the autophagy and bactericidal activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis, while COX-2 overexpression reversed the above effects. In addition, enhancement of bactericidal activity was suppressed by inhibiting autophagy in COX-2-overexpressing cells, indicating that COX-2 accelerated mycobacterial elimination by promoting autophagy. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of COX-2 on autophagy were mediated by its catalytic products, which functioned through inhibiting the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Thus, COX-2 contributes to host defense against mycobacterial infection by promoting autophagy, establishing the basis for development of novel therapeutic agents against tuberculosis by targeting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Choi KM, Zissler A, Kim E, Ehrenfellner B, Cho E, Lee SI, Steinbacher P, Yun KN, Shin JH, Kim JY, Stoiber W, Chung H, Monticelli FC, Kim JY, Pittner S. Postmortem proteomics to discover biomarkers for forensic PMI estimation. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:899-908. [PMID: 30864069 PMCID: PMC6469664 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of postmortem degradation of skeletal muscle proteins has emerged as a novel approach to estimate the time since death in the early to mid-postmortem phase (approximately 24 h postmortem (hpm) to 120 hpm). Current protein-based methods are limited to a small number of skeletal muscle proteins, shown to undergo proteolysis after death. In this study, we investigated the usability of a target-based and unbiased system-wide protein analysis to gain further insights into systemic postmortem protein alterations and to identify additional markers for postmortem interval (PMI) delimitation. We performed proteomic profiling to globally analyze postmortem alterations of the rat and mouse skeletal muscle proteome at defined time points (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpm), harnessing a mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics approach. Hierarchical clustering analysis for a total of 579 (rat) and 896 (mouse) quantified proteins revealed differentially expressed proteins during the investigated postmortem period. We further focused on two selected proteins (eEF1A2 and GAPDH), which were shown to consistently degrade postmortem in both rat and mouse, suggesting conserved intra- and interspecies degradation behavior, and thus preserved association with the PMI and possible transferability to humans. In turn, we validated the usefulness of these new markers by classical Western blot experiments in a rat model and in human autopsy cases. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of mass spectrometry-based analysis to discover novel protein markers for PMI estimation and show that the proteins eEF1A2 and GAPDH appear to be valuable markers for PMI estimation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Choi
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Angela Zissler
- Dept. of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Dept. of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Eunji Cho
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se-In Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Ki Na Yun
- Dept. of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Shin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Walter Stoiber
- Dept. of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heesun Chung
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea.
| | - Stefan Pittner
- Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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24
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Gruhlke MCH, Antelmann H, Bernhardt J, Kloubert V, Rink L, Slusarenko AJ. The human allicin-proteome: S-thioallylation of proteins by the garlic defence substance allicin and its biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:144-153. [PMID: 30500420 PMCID: PMC6342545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A single clove of edible garlic (Allium sativum L.) of about 10 g produces up to 5 mg of allicin (diallylthiosulfinate), a thiol-reactive sulfur-containing defence substance that gives injured garlic tissue its characteristic smell. Allicin induces apoptosis or necrosis in a dose-dependent manner but biocompatible doses influence cellular metabolism and signalling cascades. Oxidation of protein thiols and depletion of the glutathione pool are thought to be responsible for allicin's physiological effects. Here, we studied the effect of allicin on post-translational thiol-modification in human Jurkat T-cells using shotgun LC-MS/MS analyses. We identified 332 proteins that were modified by S-thioallylation in the Jurkat cell proteome which causes a mass shift of 72 Da on cysteines. Many S-thioallylated proteins are highly abundant proteins, including cytoskeletal proteins tubulin, actin, cofilin, filamin and plastin-2, the heat shock chaperones HSP90 and HSPA4, the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH, ALDOA, PKM as well the protein translation factor EEF2. Allicin disrupted the actin cytoskeleton in murine L929 fibroblasts. Allicin stimulated the immune response by causing Zn2+ release from proteins and increasing the Zn2+-dependent IL-1-triggered production of IL-2 in murine EL-4 T-cells. Furthermore, allicin caused inhibition of enolase activity, an enzyme considered a cancer therapy target. In conclusion, our study revealed the widespread extent of S-thioallylation in the human Jurkat cell proteome and showed effects of allicin exposure on essential cellular functions of selected targets, many of which are targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C H Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Veronika Kloubert
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Chaplin AK, Chernukhin I, Bechtold U. Profiling of advanced glycation end products uncovers abiotic stress-specific target proteins in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:653-670. [PMID: 30395279 PMCID: PMC6322573 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins can occur when the nucleophilic amino acid side chains of lysine and arginine encounter a reactive metabolite to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycation arises predominantly from the degradation of reducing sugars, and glycation has been observed during metabolic stress from glucose metabolism in both animals and plants. The implications of glycating proteins on plant proteins and biology has received little attention, and here we describe a robust assessment of global glycation profiles. We identified 112 glycated proteins that were common under a range of growth conditions and abiotic stress treatments, but also showed rosette age, diurnal, and drought stress-specific targets. Among 18 drought stress-specific glycation targets included several thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins. In vitro glycation of two carbohydrate metabolism enzymes led either to a reduction or to a complete inhibition of activity, demonstrating the impact of glycation on protein function. Taken together, our results suggest that stress-specific glycation patterns of a small number of regulatory proteins may have a much broader impact on downstream target proteins that are, for example, associated with primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Chaplin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Igor Chernukhin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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Hui CW, Song X, Ma F, Shen X, Herrup K. Ibuprofen prevents progression of ataxia telangiectasia symptoms in ATM-deficient mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:308. [PMID: 30400801 PMCID: PMC6220455 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a critical role in accelerating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). In A-T mouse models, LPS-induced neuroinflammation advances the degenerative changes found in cerebellar Purkinje neurons both in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, we ask whether ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can have the opposite effect and delay the symptoms of the disease. METHODS We tested the beneficial effects of ibuprofen in both in vitro and in vivo models. Conditioned medium from LPS stimulated primary microglia (LM) applied to cultures of dissociated cortical neurons leads to numerous degenerative changes. Pretreatment of the neurons with ibuprofen, however, blocked this damage. Systemic injection of LPS into either adult wild-type or adult Atm-/- mice produced an immune challenge that triggered profound behavioral, biochemical, and histological effects. We used a 2-week ibuprofen pretreatment regimen to investigate whether these LPS effects could be blocked. We also treated young presymptomatic Atm-/- mice to determine if ibuprofen could delay the appearance of symptoms. RESULTS Adding ibuprofen directly to neuronal cultures significantly reduced LM-induced degeneration. Curiously, adding ibuprofen to the microglia cultures before the LPS challenge had little effect, thus implying a direct effect of the NSAID on the neuronal cultures. In vivo administration of ibuprofen to Atm-/- animals before a systemic LPS immune challenge suppressed cytological damage. The ibuprofen effects were widespread as microglial activation, p38 phosphorylation, DNA damage, and neuronal cell cycle reentry were all reduced. Unfortunately, ibuprofen only slightly improved the LPS-induced behavioral deficits. Yet, while the behavioral symptoms could not be reversed once they were established in adult Atm-/- animals, administration of ibuprofen to young mutant pups prevented their symptoms from appearing. CONCLUSION Inflammatory processes impact the normal progression of A-T implying that modulation of the immune system can have therapeutic benefit for both the behavioral and cellular symptoms of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Hui
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuan Song
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fulin Ma
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuting Shen
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Present address: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Schneider M, Knuesting J, Birkholz O, Heinisch JJ, Scheibe R. Cytosolic GAPDH as a redox-dependent regulator of energy metabolism. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30189844 PMCID: PMC6127989 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cytosolic NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC) displays redox-dependent changes in its subcellular localizations and activity. Apart from its fundamental role in glycolysis, it also exhibits moonlighting properties. Since the exceptional redox-sensitivity of GapC has been suggested to play a crucial role in its various functions, we here studied its redox-dependent subcellular localization and the influence of the redox-state on GapC protein interactions. RESULTS In mesophyll protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana, colocalization of GapC with mitochondria was more pronounced under reducing conditions than upon oxidative stress. In accordance, reduced GapC showed an increased affinity to the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) compared to the oxidized one. On the other hand, nuclear localization of GapC was increased under oxidizing conditions. The essential role of the catalytic cysteine for nuclear translocation was shown by using the corresponding cysteine mutants. Furthermore, interaction of GapC with the thioredoxin Trx-h3 as a candidate to revert the redox-modifications, occurred in the nucleus of oxidized protoplasts. In a yeast complementation assay, we could demonstrate that the plant-specific non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase (GapN) can substitute for glucose 6-P dehydrogenase to generate NADPH for re-reduction of the Trx system and ROS defense. CONCLUSIONS The preferred association of reduced, glycolytically active GapC with VDAC suggests a substrate-channeling metabolon at the mitochondrial surface for efficient energy generation. Increased occurrence of oxidized GapC in the nucleus points to a function in signal transduction and gene expression. Furthermore, the interaction of GapC with Trx-h3 in the nucleus indicates reversal of the oxidative cysteine modification after re-establishment of cellular homeostasis. Both, energy metabolism and signal transfer for long-term adjustment and protection from redox-imbalances are mediated by the various functions of GapC. The molecular properties of GapC as a redox-switch are key to its multiple roles in orchestrating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schneider
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Johannes Knuesting
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Birkholz
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J. Heinisch
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Mi Q, Yao G, Zhang GY, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao P, Liu J. Disruption of GluR2/GAPDH Complex Interaction by TAT-GluR2 NT1-3-2 Peptide Protects against Neuronal Death Induced by Epilepsy. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:460-468. [PMID: 30143487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excitotoxic neuronal death induced by epilepsy is associated with α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate acid (AMPA) receptors. The GluR2 subunit of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) may bind with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The GluR2/GAPDH complex co-internalizes upon stimulation of AMPARs, which might be involved in the development of epilepsy. In this research, we hypothesized that disruption of the GluR2/GAPDH interaction with an interfering peptide would protect against neuronal damage in vivo. METHODS Rat models of epilepsy were induced by pilocarpine hydrochloride. TAT-GluR2NT1-3-2 peptide was synthesized to block interaction between GluR2 and GAPDH. Fluoro-Jade B and TUNEL staining were used to detect degeneration and apoptosis of neurons after interference by the peptide. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and western-blot was performed to confirm that the peptide disturbed interactions between GluR2 and GAPDH. RESULTS The time of epileptic seizure was found to be delayed after peptide interference. It was concluded that administration of an interfering peptide is able to significantly reduce degeneration and apoptosis of neurons. The GluR2/GAPDH interaction and GAPDH nuclear expression were upregulated in the hippocampus of rats subjected to pilocarpine-induced seizures. CONCLUSION Disruption of the GluR2/GAPDH interaction by administration of an interfering peptide protects against seizure-induced neuronal damage that is dose dependent. Thus, the GluR2/GAPDH interaction may be a novel therapeutic target for development of treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Mi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | - Guo Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | | | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
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Wang X, Sakata K, Komatsu S. An Integrated Approach of Proteomics and Computational Genetic Modification Effectiveness Analysis to Uncover the Mechanisms of Flood Tolerance in Soybeans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1301. [PMID: 29701710 PMCID: PMC5983631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybeans. Recently, omic approaches have been used to study abiotic stress responses in plants. To explore flood-tolerant genes in soybeans, an integrated approach of proteomics and computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis was applied to the soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)). Flood-tolerant mutant and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated soybean plants were used as the flood-tolerant materials. Among the primary metabolism, glycolysis, fermentation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were markedly affected under flooding. Fifteen proteins, which were related to the affected processes, displayed similar protein profiles in the mutant and ABA-treated soybean plants. Protein levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), aconitase 1, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were higher in flood-tolerant materials than in wild-type soybean plants under flood conditions. These three proteins were positioned in each of the three enzyme groups revealed by our computational genetic modification effectiveness analysis, and the three proteins configured a candidate set of genes to promote flood tolerance. Additionally, transcript levels of GAPDH were similar in flood-tolerant materials and in unstressed plants. These results suggest that proteins related to energy metabolism might play an essential role to confer flood tolerance in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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Jain P, von Toerne C, Lindermayr C, Bhatla SC. S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation as a regulatory mechanism of salt stress sensing in sunflower seedlings. Physiol Plant 2018; 162:49-72. [PMID: 28902403 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and various reactive nitrogen species produced in cells in normal growth conditions, and their enhanced production under stress conditions are responsible for a variety of biochemical aberrations. The present findings demonstrate that sunflower seedling roots exhibit high sensitivity to salt stress in terms of nitrite accumulation. A significant reduction in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity is evident in response to salt stress. Restoration of GSNOR activity with dithioerythritol shows that the enzyme is reversibly inhibited under conditions of 120 mM NaCl. Salt stress-mediated S-nitrosylation of cytosolic proteins was analyzed in roots and cotyledons using biotin-switch assay. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed opposite patterns of S-nitrosylation in seedling cotyledons and roots. Salt stress enhances S-nitrosylation of proteins in cotyledons, whereas roots exhibit denitrosylation of proteins. Highest number of proteins having undergone S-nitrosylation belonged to the category of carbohydrate metabolism followed by other metabolic proteins. Of the total 61 proteins observed to be regulated by S-nitrosylation, 17 are unique to cotyledons, 4 are unique to roots whereas 40 are common to both. Eighteen S-nitrosylated proteins are being reported for the first time in plant systems, including pectinesterase, phospholipase d-alpha and calmodulin. Further physiological analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and monodehydroascorbate reductase showed that salt stress leads to a reversible inhibition of both these enzymes in cotyledons. However, seedling roots exhibit enhanced enzyme activity under salinity stress. These observations implicate the role of S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation in NO signaling thereby regulating various enzyme activities under salinity stress in sunflower seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, D-80939, München, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Jain P, von Toerne C, Lindermayr C, Bhatla SC. S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation as a regulatory mechanism of salt stress sensing in sunflower seedlings. Physiol Plant 2018; 162:49-72. [PMID: 28902403 DOI: 10.111/ppl.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and various reactive nitrogen species produced in cells in normal growth conditions, and their enhanced production under stress conditions are responsible for a variety of biochemical aberrations. The present findings demonstrate that sunflower seedling roots exhibit high sensitivity to salt stress in terms of nitrite accumulation. A significant reduction in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity is evident in response to salt stress. Restoration of GSNOR activity with dithioerythritol shows that the enzyme is reversibly inhibited under conditions of 120 mM NaCl. Salt stress-mediated S-nitrosylation of cytosolic proteins was analyzed in roots and cotyledons using biotin-switch assay. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed opposite patterns of S-nitrosylation in seedling cotyledons and roots. Salt stress enhances S-nitrosylation of proteins in cotyledons, whereas roots exhibit denitrosylation of proteins. Highest number of proteins having undergone S-nitrosylation belonged to the category of carbohydrate metabolism followed by other metabolic proteins. Of the total 61 proteins observed to be regulated by S-nitrosylation, 17 are unique to cotyledons, 4 are unique to roots whereas 40 are common to both. Eighteen S-nitrosylated proteins are being reported for the first time in plant systems, including pectinesterase, phospholipase d-alpha and calmodulin. Further physiological analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and monodehydroascorbate reductase showed that salt stress leads to a reversible inhibition of both these enzymes in cotyledons. However, seedling roots exhibit enhanced enzyme activity under salinity stress. These observations implicate the role of S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation in NO signaling thereby regulating various enzyme activities under salinity stress in sunflower seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, D-80939, München, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Lee KY, Sharma R, Gase G, Ussar S, Li Y, Welch L, Berryman DE, Kispert A, Bluher M, Kahn CR. Tbx15 Defines a Glycolytic Subpopulation and White Adipocyte Heterogeneity. Diabetes 2017; 66:2822-2829. [PMID: 28847884 PMCID: PMC5652605 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tbx15 is a member of the T-box gene family of mesodermal developmental genes. We have recently shown that Tbx15 plays a critical role in the formation and metabolic programming of glycolytic myofibers in skeletal muscle. Tbx15 is also differentially expressed among white adipose tissue (WAT) in different body depots. In the current study, using three independent methods, we show that even within a single WAT depot, high Tbx15 expression is restricted to a subset of preadipocytes and mature white adipocytes. Gene expression and metabolic profiling demonstrate that the Tbx15Hi preadipocyte and adipocyte subpopulations of cells are highly glycolytic, whereas Tbx15Low preadipocytes and adipocytes in the same depot are more oxidative and less glycolytic. Likewise, in humans, expression of TBX15 in subcutaneous and visceral WAT is positively correlated with markers of glycolytic metabolism and inversely correlated with obesity. Furthermore, overexpression of Tbx15 is sufficient to reduce oxidative and increase glycolytic metabolism in cultured adipocytes. Thus, Tbx15 differentially regulates oxidative and glycolytic metabolism within subpopulations of white adipocytes and preadipocytes. This leads to a functional heterogeneity of cellular metabolism within WAT that has potential impact in the understanding of human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Lee
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Grant Gase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yichao Li
- Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Lonnie Welch
- Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Bluher
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Yu WC, Chen YL, Hwang PA, Chen TH, Chou TC. Fucoidan ameliorates pancreatic β-cell death and impaired insulin synthesis in streptozotocin-treated β cells and mice via a Sirt-1-dependent manner. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28493611 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several beneficial biological functions of fucoidan (FO) isolated from brown algae have been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FO derived from Sargassum hemiphyllum ameliorates pancreatic β-cell damage and impaired insulin synthesis under diabetic condition. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of FO were studied in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated pancreatic β-cell line, NIT-1cells, and mice. The cell apoptosis, protein analyses, histological examination, and pancreatic function assays were performed. The increased pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and decreased insulin secretion observed in STZ-treated NIT-1 cells and mice were greatly attenuated by FO. Moreover, FO has an ability to enhance glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt-1) activity through activation of AMPK/GAPDH/PDX-1 cascade in STZ-treated β cells. However, the effects of FO were significantly reversed by EX527, a specific Sirt-1 inhibitor. Similarly, the hyperglycemia, lower expression of Sirt-1, PDX-1, and GLP-1R in the pancreas of diabetic mice were markedly improved after FO administration. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that FO exhibits an anti-diabetic effect mainly through attenuation of β-cell death, thereby elevating insulin synthesis by upregulating PDX-1 and GLP1-R via a Sirt-1-dependent manner. Therefore, FO-containing food or supplements may have a therapeutic effect for diabetes by preventing β-cell damage and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Yu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pai-An Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chong Chou
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ruzlan N, Low YSJ, Win W, Azizah Musa N, Ong AL, Chew FT, Appleton D, Mohd Yusof H, Kulaveerasingam H. Key glycolytic branch influences mesocarp oil content in oil palm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9626. [PMID: 28852058 PMCID: PMC5575415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyzed glycolysis branch that forms dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate was identified as a key driver of increased oil synthesis in oil palm and was validated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reduction in triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) activity in a yeast knockdown mutant resulted in 19% increase in lipid content, while yeast strains overexpressing oil palm fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EgFBA) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EgG3PDH) showed increased lipid content by 16% and 21%, respectively. Genetic association analysis on oil palm SNPs of EgTPI SD_SNP_000035801 and EgGAPDH SD_SNP_000041011 showed that palms harboring homozygous GG in EgTPI and heterozygous AG in EgGAPDH exhibited higher mesocarp oil content based on dry weight. In addition, AG genotype of the SNP of EgG3PDH SD_SNP_000008411 was associated with higher mean mesocarp oil content, whereas GG genotype of the EgFBA SNP SD_SNP_000007765 was favourable. Additive effects were observed with a combination of favourable alleles in TPI and FBA in Nigerian x AVROS population (family F7) with highest allele frequency GG.GG being associated with a mean increase of 3.77% (p value = 2.3E-16) oil content over the Family 1. An analogous effect was observed in yeast, where overexpressed EgFBA in TPI - resulted in a 30% oil increment. These results provide insights into flux balances in glycolysis leading to higher yield in mesocarp oil-producing fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliyana Ruzlan
- Sime Darby Renewables, Sime Darby Plantation Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yoke Sum Jaime Low
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation R&D Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wilonita Win
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation R&D Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azizah Musa
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation R&D Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Ling Ong
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation R&D Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fook-Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Appleton
- Biotechnology & Breeding Department, Sime Darby Plantation R&D Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hirzun Mohd Yusof
- Sime Darby Renewables, Sime Darby Plantation Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wolhuter K, Eaton P. How widespread is stable protein S-nitrosylation as an end-effector of protein regulation? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:156-166. [PMID: 28189849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 25 years protein S-nitrosylation, also known more correctly as S-nitrosation, has been progressively implicated in virtually every nitric oxide-regulated process within the cardiovascular system. The current, widely-held paradigm is that S-nitrosylation plays an equivalent role as phosphorylation, providing a stable and controllable post-translational modification that directly regulates end-effector target proteins to elicit biological responses. However, this concept largely ignores the intrinsic instability of the nitrosothiol bond, which rapidly reacts with typically abundant thiol-containing molecules to generate more stable disulfide bonds. These protein disulfides, formed via a nitrosothiol intermediate redox state, are rationally anticipated to be the predominant end-effector modification that mediates functional alterations when cells encounter nitrosative stimuli. In this review we present evidence and explain our reasoning for arriving at this conclusion that may be controversial to some researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wolhuter
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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van Leeuwen LAG, Hinchy EC, Murphy MP, Robb EL, Cochemé HM. Click-PEGylation - A mobility shift approach to assess the redox state of cysteines in candidate proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:374-382. [PMID: 28366801 PMCID: PMC5488967 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The redox state of cysteine thiols is critical for protein function. Whereas cysteines play an important role in the maintenance of protein structure through the formation of internal disulfides, their nucleophilic thiol groups can become oxidatively modified in response to diverse redox challenges and thereby function in signalling and antioxidant defences. These oxidative modifications occur in response to a range of agents and stimuli, and can lead to the existence of multiple redox states for a given protein. To assess the role(s) of a protein in redox signalling and antioxidant defence, it is thus vital to be able to assess which of the multiple thiol redox states are present and to investigate how these alter under different conditions. While this can be done by a range of mass spectrometric-based methods, these are time-consuming, costly, and best suited to study abundant proteins or to perform an unbiased proteomic screen. One approach that can facilitate a targeted assessment of candidate proteins, as well as proteins that are low in abundance or proteomically challenging, is by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Redox-modified cysteine residues are selectively tagged with a large group, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, and then the proteins are separated by electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting, which allows the inference of redox changes based on band shifts. However, the applicability of this method has been impaired by the difficulty of cleanly modifying protein thiols by large PEG reagents. To establish a more robust method for redox-selective PEGylation, we have utilised a Click chemistry approach, where free thiol groups are first labelled with a reagent modified to contain an alkyne moiety, which is subsequently Click-reacted with a PEG molecule containing a complementary azide function. This strategy can be adapted to study reversibly reduced or oxidised cysteines. Separation of the thiol labelling step from the PEG conjugation greatly facilitates the fidelity and flexibility of this approach. Here we show how the Click-PEGylation technique can be used to interrogate the redox state of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie A G van Leeuwen
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ellen L Robb
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Greco CT, Andrechak JC, Epps TH, Sullivan MO. Anionic Polymer and Quantum Dot Excipients to Facilitate siRNA Release and Self-Reporting of Disassembly in Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarrier Formulations. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1814-1824. [PMID: 28441861 PMCID: PMC5672795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of anionic excipients into polyplexes is a promising strategy for modulating siRNA binding versus release and integrating diagnostic capabilities; however, specific design criteria and structure-function relationships are needed to facilitate the development of nanocarrier-based theranostics. Herein, we incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and quantum dot (QD) excipients into photolabile siRNA polyplexes to increase gene silencing efficiencies by up to 100% and enable self-reporting of nanocarrier disassembly. Our systematic approach identified the functional relationships between gene silencing and key parameters such as excipient loading fractions and molecular weights that facilitated the establishment of design rules for optimization of nanocarrier efficacy. For example, we found that PAA molecular weights ∼10-20× greater than that of the coencapsulated siRNA exhibited the most efficient release and silencing. Furthermore, siRNA release assays and RNAi modeling allowed us to generate a PAA "heat map" that predicted gene silencing a priori as a function of PAA molecular weight and loading fraction. QDs further promoted selective siRNA release and provided visual as well as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based monitoring of the dynamic changes in nanostructure in situ. Moreover, even with the addition of anionic components, our formulations exhibited substantially improved stability and shelf life relative to typical formulations, with complete stability after a week of storage and full activity in the presence of serum. Taken together, this study enabled synergistic improvements in siRNA release and diagnostic capabilities, along with the development of mechanistic insights that are critical for advancing the translation of nucleic acid theranostics into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Greco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Aroca A, Schneider M, Scheibe R, Gotor C, Romero LC. Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates the Cytosolic/Nuclear Partitioning of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Enhancing its Nuclear Localization. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:983-992. [PMID: 28444344 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule comparable with nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in plants. The underlying mechanism of its action is unknown, although it has been proposed to be S-sulfhydration. This post-translational modification converts the thiol groups of cysteines within proteins to persulfides, resulting in functional changes of the proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, S-sulfhydrated proteins have been identified, including the cytosolic isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GapC1 and GapC2. In this work, we studied the regulation of sulfide on the subcellular localization of these proteins using two different approaches. We generated GapC1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GapC2-GFP transgenic plants in both the wild type and the des1 mutant defective in the l-cysteine desulfhydrase DES1, responsible for the generation of sulfide in the cytosol. The GFP signal was detected in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of epidermal cells, although with reduced nuclear localization in des1 compared with the wild type, and exogenous sulfide treatment resulted in similar signals in nuclei in both backgrounds. The second approach consisted of the immunoblot analysis of the GapC endogenous proteins in enriched nuclear and cytosolic protein extracts, and similar results were obtained. A significant reduction in the total amount of GapC in des1 in comparison with the wild type was determined and exogenous sulfide significantly increased the protein levels in the nuclei in both plants, with a stronger response in the wild type. Moreover, the presence of an S-sulfhydrated cysteine residue on GapC1 was demonstrated by mass spectrometry. We conclude that sulfide enhances the nuclear localization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Markus Schneider
- Department of Plant Physiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang DH, Li N, Yu X, Zhao P, Li T, Xu JW. Overexpression of the homologous lanosterol synthase gene in ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lingzhi. Phytochemistry 2017; 134:46-53. [PMID: 27894599 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderic acids (GAs) in Ganoderma lingzhi exhibit anticancer and antimetastatic activities. GA yields can be potentially improved by manipulating G. lingzhi through genetic engineering. In this study, a putative lanosterol synthase (LS) gene was cloned and overexpressed in G. lingzhi. Results showed that its overexpression (OE) increased the ganoderic acid (GA) content and the accumulation of lanosterol and ergosterol in a submerged G. lingzhi culture. The maximum contents of GA-O, GA-Mk, GA-T, GA-S, GA-Mf, and GA-Me in transgenic strains were 46.6 ± 4.8, 24.3 ± 3.5, 69.8 ± 8.2, 28.9 ± 1.4, 15.4 ± 1.2, and 26.7 ± 3.1 μg/100 mg dry weight, respectively, these values being 6.1-, 2.2-, 3.2-, 4.8-, 2.0-, and 1.9-times higher than those in wild-type strains. In addition, accumulated amounts of lanosterol and ergosterol in transgenic strains were 2.3 and 1.4-fold higher than those in the control strains, respectively. The transcription level of LS was also increased by more than five times in the presence of the G. lingzhi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter, whereas transcription levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A enzyme and squalene synthase did not change significantly in transgenic strains. This study demonstrated that OE of the homologous LS gene can enhance lanosterol accumulation. A large precursor supply promotes GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Huai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Na Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Lai TS, Lin CJ, Greenberg CS. Role of tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-mediated aminylation in biological processes. Amino Acids 2016; 49:501-515. [PMID: 27270573 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is an important mechanism in modulating a protein's structure and can lead to substantial diversity in biological function. Compared to other forms of PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, the physiological significance of aminylation is limited. Aminylation refers to the covalent incorporation of biogenic/polyamines into target protein by calcium-dependent transglutaminases (TGs). The development of novel and more sensitive techniques has led to more proteins identified as tissue transglutaminase (TG2) substrates and potential targets for aminylation. Many of these substrate proteins play a role in cell signaling, cytoskeleton organization, muscle contraction, and inflammation. TG2 is well studied and widely expressed in a variety of tissues and will be the primary focus of this review on recent advance in transglutaminase-mediated aminylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thung-S Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Jhong-Jheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 25200, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Nephrology/Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Nursing and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Charles S Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Treaster SB, Chaudhuri AR, Austad SN. Longevity and GAPDH Stability in Bivalves and Mammals: A Convenient Marker for Comparative Gerontology and Proteostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143680. [PMID: 26619001 PMCID: PMC4664256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative aging studies, particularly those that include species of exceptional resistance to aging processes, can potentially illuminate novel senescence-retarding mechanisms. In recent years, protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been implicated in fundamental aging processes. Here we further evaluate the relationship between proteostasis and longevity in a selection of bivalve mollusks and mammals with maximum longevities ranging from 3 to 507 years. METHODS & RESULTS We experimentally examined proteostasis using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a reporter, as it is ubiquitously expressed, highly conserved, and conveniently assayed. The ability to maintain this enzymatic function was tested with increasing concentrations of the chaotropic agent urea, revealing a robust relationship with longevity in bivalves and mice. While our shortest-lived mollusk and mouse lost all activity by 2.5 and 3.5 M urea respectively, the longest-lived mollusk species, Arctica islandica, still preserved 45% of its basal function even at 6 M urea. To confirm that GAPDH proteostasis has a broad association with longevity, we also investigated a selection of primate species ranging in maximum longevity from 22 to 122 years. They outperformed the mouse at all concentrations, but among the primates results were variable at low urea doses. Still, at 6 M urea baboon and human samples retained 10% of their activity while both mouse and marmoset samples had no activity. MECHANISM OF EXCEPTIONAL STRESS RESISTANCE To explore possible mechanisms of the exceptional stress resistance of A. islandica GAPDH we enzymatically removed post-translational glycosylation, but observed no decrease in stability. We also removed molecules smaller than 30 kDa, which includes most small heat shock proteins, but again did not compromise the exceptional stress resistance of Arctica GAPDH. CONCLUSION While the mechanism underlying A. islandica's exceptional stress resistance remains elusive, this research identifies an experimental system that may reveal hitherto unknown mechanisms of protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Treaster
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Asish R. Chaudhuri
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Austad
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Choi HW, Tian M, Manohar M, Harraz MM, Park SW, Schroeder FC, Snyder SH, Klessig DF. Human GAPDH Is a Target of Aspirin's Primary Metabolite Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143447. [PMID: 26606248 PMCID: PMC4659538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) controls several physiological processes and is a key regulator of multiple levels of plant immunity. To decipher the mechanisms through which SA’s multiple physiological effects are mediated, particularly in immunity, two high-throughput screens were developed to identify SA-binding proteins (SABPs). Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) was identified in these screens. Similar screens and subsequent analyses using SA analogs, in conjunction with either a photoaffinity labeling technique or surface plasmon resonance-based technology, established that human GAPDH (HsGAPDH) also binds SA. In addition to its central role in glycolysis, HsGAPDH participates in several pathological processes, including viral replication and neuronal cell death. The anti-Parkinson’s drug deprenyl has been shown to suppress nuclear translocation of HsGAPDH, an early step in cell death and the resulting cell death induced by the DNA alkylating agent N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Here, we demonstrate that SA, which is the primary metabolite of aspirin (acetyl SA) and is likely responsible for many of its pharmacological effects, also suppresses nuclear translocation of HsGAPDH and cell death. Analysis of two synthetic SA derivatives and two classes of compounds from the Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza foetida (licorice), glycyrrhizin and the SA-derivatives amorfrutins, revealed that they not only appear to bind HsGAPDH more tightly than SA, but also exhibit a greater ability to suppress translocation of HsGAPDH to the nucleus and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Murli Manohar
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Maged M. Harraz
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States of America
| | - Sang-Wook Park
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Savreux-Lenglet G, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Protein Recognition in Drug-Induced DNA Alkylation: When the Moonlight Protein GAPDH Meets S23906-1/DNA Minor Groove Adducts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26555-81. [PMID: 26556350 PMCID: PMC4661830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used in clinics for more than seventy years. The diversity of their mechanism of action (major/minor groove; mono-/bis-alkylation; intra-/inter-strand crosslinks; DNA stabilization/destabilization, etc.) has undoubtedly major consequences on the cellular response to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the variety of established protein recognition of DNA adducts to then particularly focus on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) function in DNA adduct interaction with illustration using original experiments performed with S23906-1/DNA adduct. The introduction of this review is a state of the art of protein/DNA adducts recognition, depending on the major or minor groove orientation of the DNA bonding as well as on the molecular consequences in terms of double-stranded DNA maintenance. It reviews the implication of proteins from both DNA repair, transcription, replication and chromatin maintenance in selective DNA adduct recognition. The main section of the manuscript is focusing on the implication of the moonlighting protein GAPDH in DNA adduct recognition with the model of the peculiar DNA minor groove alkylating and destabilizing drug S23906-1. The mechanism of action of S23906-1 alkylating drug and the large variety of GAPDH cellular functions are presented prior to focus on GAPDH direct binding to S23906-1 adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Savreux-Lenglet
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
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Anoman AD, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Rosa-Téllez S, Flores-Tornero M, Serrano R, Bueso E, Fernie AR, Segura J, Ros R. Plastidial Glycolytic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is an Important Determinant in the Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Heterotrophic Cells in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:1619-37. [PMID: 26134167 PMCID: PMC4634057 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study functionally characterizes the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plastidial glycolytic isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPCp) in photosynthetic and heterotrophic cells. We expressed the enzyme in gapcp double mutants (gapcp1gapcp2) under the control of photosynthetic (Rubisco small subunit RBCS2B [RBCS]) or heterotrophic (phosphate transporter PHT1.2 [PHT]) cell-specific promoters. Expression of GAPCp1 under the control of RBCS in gapcp1gapcp2 had no significant effect on the metabolite profile or growth in the aerial part (AP). GAPCp1 expression under the control of the PHT promoter clearly affected Arabidopsis development by increasing the number of lateral roots and having a major effect on AP growth and metabolite profile. Our results indicate that GAPCp1 is not functionally important in photosynthetic cells but plays a fundamental role in roots and in heterotrophic cells of the AP. Specifically, GAPCp activity may be required in root meristems and the root cap for normal primary root growth. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicate that the lack of GAPCp activity affects nitrogen and carbon metabolism as well as mineral nutrition and that glycerate and glutamine are the main metabolites responding to GAPCp activity. Thus, GAPCp could be an important metabolic connector of glycolysis with other pathways, such as the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, the ammonium assimilation pathway, or the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate, which in turn affect plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Juan Segura
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.) and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (A.D.A., S.R.-T., M.F.-T., J.S., R.R.), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.M.-B., R.S., E.B.); andMax Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (A.R.F.)
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Ball RL, Knapp CM, Whitehead KA. Lipidoid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to the Intestinal Epithelium: In Vitro Investigations in a Caco-2 Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133154. [PMID: 26192592 PMCID: PMC4508104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) therapeutics show promise for the treatment of intestinal diseases by specifically suppressing the expression of disease relevant proteins. Recently, a class of lipid-like materials termed "lipidoids" have been shown to potently deliver siRNA to the liver and immune cells. Here, we seek to establish the utility of lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) in the context of siRNA delivery to the intestinal epithelium. Initial studies demonstrated that the siRNA-loaded LNPs mediated potent, dose dependent, and durable gene silencing in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, with a single 10 nM dose depressing GAPDH mRNA expression for one week. Transfection with siRNA-loaded LNPs did not induce significant cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells or alter intestinal barrier function. Protein silencing was confirmed by Western blotting, with the lowest levels of GAPDH protein expression observed five days post-transfection. Together, these data underscore the potential of LNPs for the treatment of intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Ball
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Knapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chakravarti R, Gupta K, Majors A, Ruple L, Aronica M, Stuehr DJ. Novel insights in mammalian catalase heme maturation: effect of NO and thioredoxin-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:105-13. [PMID: 25659933 PMCID: PMC5030845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is a tetrameric heme-containing enzyme with essential antioxidant functions in biology. Multiple factors including nitric oxide (NO) have been shown to attenuate its activity. However, the possible impact of NO in relation to the maturation of active catalase, including its heme acquisition and tetramer formation, has not been investigated. We found that NO attenuates heme insertion into catalase in both short-term and long-term incubations. The NO inhibition in catalase heme incorporation was associated with defective oligomerization of catalase, such that inactive catalase monomers and dimers accumulated in place of the mature tetrameric enzyme. We also found that GAPDH plays a key role in mediating these NO effects on the structure and activity of catalase. Moreover, the NO sensitivity of catalase maturation could be altered up or down by manipulating the cellular expression level or activity of thioredoxin-1, a known protein-SNO denitrosylase enzyme. In a mouse model of allergic inflammatory asthma, we found that lungs from allergen-challenged mice contained a greater percentage of dimeric catalase relative to tetrameric catalase in the unchallenged control, suggesting that the mechanisms described here are in play in the allergic asthma model. Together, our study shows how maturation of active catalase can be influenced by NO, S-nitrosylated GAPDH, and thioredoxin-1, and how maturation may become compromised in inflammatory conditions such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Karishma Gupta
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alana Majors
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lisa Ruple
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Terrasse R, Amoroso A, Vernet T, Di Guilmi AM. Streptococcus pneumoniae GAPDH Is Released by Cell Lysis and Interacts with Peptidoglycan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125377. [PMID: 25927608 PMCID: PMC4415926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of conserved cytoplasmic proteins is widely spread among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Because these proteins display additional functions when located at the bacterial surface, they have been qualified as moonlighting proteins. The GAPDH is a glycolytic enzyme which plays an important role in the virulence processes of pathogenic microorganisms like bacterial invasion and host immune system modulation. However, GAPDH, like other moonlighting proteins, cannot be secreted through active secretion systems since they do not contain an N-terminal predicted signal peptide. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of GAPDH export and surface retention in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen. We addressed the role of the major autolysin LytA in the delivery process of GAPDH to the cell surface. Pneumococcal lysis is abolished in the ΔlytA mutant strain or when 1% choline chloride is added in the culture media. We showed that these conditions induce a marked reduction in the amount of surface-associated GAPDH. These data suggest that the presence of GAPDH at the surface of pneumococcal cells depends on the LytA-mediated lysis of a fraction of the cell population. Moreover, we demonstrated that pneumococcal GAPDH binds to the bacterial cell wall independently of the presence of the teichoic acids component, supporting peptidoglycan as a ligand to surface GAPDH. Finally, we showed that peptidoglycan-associated GAPDH recruits C1q from human serum but does not activate the complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Terrasse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Ana Amoroso
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR5075, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Tian M, Sasvari Z, Gonzalez PA, Friso G, Rowland E, Liu XM, van Wijk KJ, Nagy PD, Klessig DF. Salicylic Acid Inhibits the Replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus by Directly Targeting a Host Component in the Replication Complex. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2015; 28:379-86. [PMID: 25584724 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0259-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in signaling resistance to viral infection, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Identification and characterization of SA's direct targets have been shown to be an effective strategy for dissecting the complex SA-mediated defense signaling network. In search of additional SA targets, we previously developed two sensitive approaches that utilize SA analogs in conjunction with either a photoaffinity labeling technique or surface plasmon resonance-based technology to identify and evaluate candidate SA-binding proteins (SABPs) from Arabidopsis. Using these approaches, we have now identified several members of the Arabidopsis glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein family, including two chloroplast-localized and two cytosolic isoforms, as SABPs. Cytosolic GAPDH is a well-known glycolytic enzyme; it also is an important host factor involved in the replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a single-stranded RNA virus. Using a yeast cell-free extract, an in vivo yeast replication system, and plant protoplasts, we demonstrate that SA inhibits TBSV replication. SA does so by inhibiting the binding of cytosolic GAPDH to the negative (-)RNA strand of TBSV. Thus, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism through which SA regulates virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoying Tian
- 1 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Hayakawa Y, Aoyama T, Yokoyama C, Okamoto C, Komaki H, Minatoguchi S, Iwasa M, Yamada Y, Kawamura I, Kawasaki M, Nishigaki K, Mikami A, Suzuki F, Minatoguchi S. High salt intake damages the heart through activation of cardiac (pro) renin receptors even at an early stage of hypertension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120453. [PMID: 25799069 PMCID: PMC4370564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It has not yet been fully elucidated whether cardiac tissue levels of prorenin, renin and (P)RR are activated in hypertension with a high salt intake. We hypothesized that a high salt intake activates the cardiac tissue renin angiotensin system and prorenin-(pro)renin receptor system, and damages the heart at an early stage of hypertension. Methods Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received regular (normal-salt diet, 0.9%) and high-salt (8.9%) chow for 6 weeks from 6 to 12 weeks of age. The systolic blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma angiotensin II concentration were measured, and the protein expressions of prorenin, (pro)renin receptor, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II AT1 receptor, ERK1/2, TGF-β, p38MAPK and HSP27 in the myocardium were investigated. The cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and histological analysis of the myocardium was performed. Results The high-salt diet significantly increased the systolic blood pressure, and significantly reduced the PRA and plasma angiotensin II concentration both in the WKYs and SHRs. Cardiac expressions of prorenin, renin, (P)RR, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II AT1 receptor, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2, p-p38MAPK, TGF-β and p-HSP27 were significantly increased by the high salt diet both in the WKYs and SHRs. The high-salt diet significantly increased the interventricular septum thickness and cardiomyocyte size, and accelerated cardiac interstitial and perivascular fibrosis both in the WKYs and SHRs. On the other hand, dilatation of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and impairment of left ventricular fractional shortening was shown only in salt loaded SHRs. Conclusion The high-salt diet markedly accelerated cardiac damage through the stimulation of cardiac (P)RR and angiotensin II AT1 receptor by increasing tissue prorenin, renin and angiotensinogen and the activation of ERK1/2, TGF-β, p38MAPK and HSP27 under higher blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Komaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shingo Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Iwasa
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Itta Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishigaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mikami
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Suzuki
- Department of Life Science, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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50
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Caballero VJ, Mendieta JR, Lombardo D, Saceda M, Ferragut JA, Conde RD, Giudici AM. Liver damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis is related to protein malnutrition in mice: effect of methionine. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:126-35. [PMID: 25575574 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the effects on the mouse liver caused by three periods of feeding a protein-free diet for 5 days followed by a normal complete diet for 5 days (3PFD-CD) are prevented by a constant methionine supply (3PFD+Met-CD). The expressions of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) were assessed by proteomics and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. The liver redox status was examined by measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as protein carbonylation. Because oxidative stress can result in apoptosis, the activity and content of caspase-3, as well as the x-linked inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (XIAP) and mitochondrial caspase-independent apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) contents were assessed. In addition, the liver histomorphology was examined. Compared to the controls fed a normal complete diet throughout, feeding with 3PFD-CD increased the FAS content, decreased the CAIII content, decreased both the SOD and CAT activities, and increased protein carbonylation. It also activated caspase-3, decreased the XIAP content, decreased the AIF content, increased the number of GSTP1-positive foci and caspase-3-positive cells, and caused fatty livers. Conversely, the changes were lessened to varying degrees in mice fed 3PFD+Met-CD. The present results indicate that a regular Met supply lessens the biochemical changes, damage, and caspase-dependent apoptosis provoked by recurrent dietary amino acid deprivation in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica J Caballero
- Biological Research Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata - CONICET, CC 1245, CP 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta R Mendieta
- Biological Research Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata - CONICET, CC 1245, CP 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Lombardo
- Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Building Torregaitán, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - José Antonio Ferragut
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Miguel Hernandez, Building Torregaitán, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Rubén D Conde
- Biological Research Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata - CONICET, CC 1245, CP 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Giudici
- Biological Research Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata - CONICET, CC 1245, CP 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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