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Makineli S, Vriens MR, Witkamp AJ, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. The Diagnostic Value of microRNA Expression Analysis in Detecting Intraductal Papillomas in Patients with Pathological Nipple Discharge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1812. [PMID: 38339089 PMCID: PMC10855314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) often undergo local surgical procedures because standard radiologic imaging fails to identify the underlying cause. MicroRNA (MiRNA) expression analysis of nipple fluid holds potential for distinguishing between breast diseases. This study aimed to compare miRNA expression levels between nipple fluids from patients with PND to identify possible relevant miRNAs that could differentiate between intraductal papillomas and no abnormalities in the breast tissue. Nipple fluid samples from patients with PND without radiological and pathological suspicion for malignancy who underwent a ductoscopy procedure were analyzed. We used univariate and multivariate regression analyses to identify nipple fluid miRNAs differing between pathologically confirmed papillomas and breast tissue without abnormalities. A total of 27 nipple fluid samples from patients with PND were included for miRNA expression analysis. Out of the 22 miRNAs examined, only miR-145-5p was significantly differentially expressed (upregulated) in nipple fluid from patients with an intraductal papilloma compared to patients showing no breast abnormalities (OR 4.76, p = 0.046), with a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. miR-145-5p expression in nipple fluid differs for intraductal papillomas and breast tissue without abnormalities and, therefore, has potential as a diagnostic marker to signal presence of papillomas in PND patients. However, further refinement and validation in clinical trials are necessary to establish its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Makineli
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Menno R. Vriens
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Arjen J. Witkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Cathy B. Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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2
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Leon KE, Buj R, Lesko E, Dahl ES, Chen CW, Tangudu NK, Imamura-Kawasawa Y, Kossenkov AV, Hobbs RP, Aird KM. DOT1L modulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype through epigenetic regulation of IL1A. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202008101. [PMID: 34037658 PMCID: PMC8160577 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in normal cells upon oncogene activation. Cells undergoing OIS express a wide variety of secreted factors that affect the senescent microenvironment termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is beneficial or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. OIS cells are also characterized by marked epigenetic changes. We globally assessed histone modifications of OIS cells and discovered an increase in the active histone marks H3K79me2/3. The H3K79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) was necessary and sufficient for increased H3K79me2/3 occupancy at the IL1A gene locus, but not other SASP genes, and was downstream of STING. Modulating DOT1L expression did not affect the cell cycle arrest. Together, our studies establish DOT1L as an epigenetic regulator of the SASP, whose expression is uncoupled from the senescence-associated cell cycle arrest, providing a potential strategy to inhibit the negative side effects of senescence while maintaining the beneficial inhibition of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Leon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elizabeth Lesko
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Erika S. Dahl
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Ryan P. Hobbs
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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3
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Yetsko K, Farrell JA, Blackburn NB, Whitmore L, Stammnitz MR, Whilde J, Eastman CB, Ramia DR, Thomas R, Krstic A, Linser P, Creer S, Carvalho G, Devlin MA, Nahvi N, Leandro AC, deMaar TW, Burkhalter B, Murchison EP, Schnitzler C, Duffy DJ. Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:152. [PMID: 33526843 PMCID: PMC7851172 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea turtle populations are under threat from an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) known as fibropapillomatosis. Fibropapillomatosis continues to spread geographically, with prevalence of the disease also growing at many longer-affected sites globally. However, we do not yet understand the precise environmental, mutational and viral events driving fibropapillomatosis tumor formation and progression.Here we perform transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling of five fibropapillomatosis tumor types: external new, established and postsurgical regrowth tumors, and internal lung and kidney tumors. We reveal that internal tumors are molecularly distinct from the more common external tumors. However, they have a small number of conserved potentially therapeutically targetable molecular vulnerabilities in common, such as the MAPK, Wnt, TGFβ and TNF oncogenic signaling pathways. These conserved oncogenic drivers recapitulate remarkably well the core pan-cancer drivers responsible for human cancers. Fibropapillomatosis has been considered benign, but metastatic-related transcriptional signatures are strongly activated in kidney and established external tumors. Tumors in turtles with poor outcomes (died/euthanized) have genes associated with apoptosis and immune function suppressed, with these genes providing putative predictive biomarkers.Together, these results offer an improved understanding of fibropapillomatosis tumorigenesis and provide insights into the origins, inter-tumor relationships, and therapeutic treatment for this wildlife epizootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Yetsko
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Jessica A Farrell
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Liam Whitmore
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maximilian R Stammnitz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jenny Whilde
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Catherine B Eastman
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Devon Rollinson Ramia
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland & Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Linser
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gary Carvalho
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Nina Nahvi
- Sea Turtle Inc., South Padre Island, TX, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Brooke Burkhalter
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Christine Schnitzler
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Systems Biology Ireland & Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
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Kim M, Morales LD, Lee CJ, Olivarez SA, Kim WJ, Hernandez J, Mummidi S, Jenkinson C, Tsin AT, Jang IS, Slaga TJ, Kim DJ. Overexpression of TC-PTP in murine epidermis attenuates skin tumor formation. Oncogene 2020; 39:4241-4256. [PMID: 32286519 PMCID: PMC7244373 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by Ptpn2, has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor during skin carcinogenesis. In the current study, we generated a novel epidermal-specific TC-PTP-overexpressing (K5HA.Ptpn2) mouse model to show that TC-PTP contributes to the attenuation of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis through the synergistic regulation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, and PI3K/AKT signaling. We found overexpression of TC-PTP increased epidermal sensitivity to DMBA-induced apoptosis and it decreased TPA-mediated hyperproliferation, coinciding with reduced epidermal thickness. Inhibition of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, or AKT reversed the effects of TC-PTP overexpression on epidermal survival and proliferation. Mice overexpressing TC-PTP in the epidermis developed significantly reduced numbers of tumors during skin carcinogenesis and presented a prolonged latency of tumor initiation. Examination of human papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed that TC-PTP expression was significantly reduced and TC-PTP expression was inversely correlated with the increased grade of SCCs. Our findings demonstrate that TC-PTP is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of human skin cancer given that it is a major negative regulator of oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Liza D Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Cheol Jung Lee
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Serena A Olivarez
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Andrew T Tsin
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
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Saito M, Okumura K, Isogai E, Araki K, Tanikawa C, Matsuda K, Kamijo T, Kominami R, Wakabayashi Y. A Polymorphic Variant in p19 Arf Confers Resistance to Chemically Induced Skin Tumors by Activating the p53 Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1459-1469. [PMID: 30684556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the specific genetic variants responsible for the increased susceptibility to familial or sporadic cancers is important. Using a forward genetics approach to map such loci in a mouse skin cancer model, we previously identified a strong genetic locus, Stmm3, conferring resistance to chemically induced skin papillomas on chromosome 4. Here, we report the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene Cdkn2a/p19Arf as a major responsible gene for the Stmm3 locus. We provide evidence that the function of Stmm3 is dependent on p53 and that p19ArfMSM confers stronger resistance to papillomas than p16Ink4aMSMin vivo. In addition, we found that genetic polymorphism in p19Arf between a resistant strain, MSM/Ms (Val), and a susceptible strain, FVB/N (Leu), alters the susceptibility to papilloma development, malignant conversion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, we demonstrated that the p19ArfMSM allele more efficiently activates the p53 pathway than the p19ArfFVB allele in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found polymorphisms in CDKN2A in the vicinity of a polymorphism in mouse Cdkn2a associated with the risk of human cancers in the Japanese population. Genetic polymorphisms in Cdkn2a and CDKN2A may affect the cancer risk in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
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Zhang L, Hu C, Zheng X, Wu D, Sun H, Yu W, Wu Y, Chen D, Lv Q, Zhang P, Li X, Liu H, Wei Y. Oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma-associated adenocarcinoma and KRAS mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11025. [PMID: 29879069 PMCID: PMC5999462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Oncocytic Schneiderian papillomas (OSP) are an uncommon type of sinonasal papillomas that arise from the Schneiderian epithelium, accounting for only 6% of all sinonasal papillomas. Malignancies arising in OSP are rare and are almost always described as in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma, although mucoepidermoid, small cell carcinoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma have also been reported. To our knowledge, only 18 such instances have been reported in the medical literature. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we report the case of an 81-year-old man presenting with a left sinonasal neoplasm, who had undergone 4 operations. The first postoperative pathology revealed a benign nasal polyp. The following several postoperative pathology revealed a novel, human papillomavirus-negative adenocarcinoma with increasing malignant features with each recurrence arising in an OSP. In addition, the most recent recurrences were associated with metastasis of cervical lymph nodes. And after the operation, the patient refused adjuvant radiotherapy. On 6-month follow-up after the last operation, the patient developed an in situ tumor recurrence 1 month after the fourth operation and refused to undergo surgery again. DIAGNOSIS Immunohistochemistry for Ki67, CK7, CK5/6, P53, and P63 showed a progression of malignancy. HPV assay presented the 21 most prevalent HPV types were negative. In addition, KRAS gene exon 2 G12C presented mutation in the OSP-associated adenocarcinoma. INTERVENTIONS During the whole course of the patient's disease, we performed four nasal endoscopic operations. And after the last operation, the patient refused adjuvant radiotherapy and KRAS-targeted therapy. OUTCOMES We are the first to describe adenocarcinoma arising in an OSP. To our surprise, from the first benign neoplasm to the second OSP-associated adenocarcinoma, it went through a long period of 10 years. However, after the adenocarcinogenesis, the differentiation of tumor became worse with the shorter interval of each recurrence. LESSONS Therefore, for elderly patients with unilateral nasal polyps, long-term follow-up is necessary. Once OSP turns into malignant, radical resection should be performed as much as possible to reduce the irritability of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaodan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Haili Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | - Qianwen Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tong Ren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Peng W, Furuuchi N, Aslanukova L, Huang YH, Brown SZ, Jiang W, Addya S, Vishwakarma V, Peters E, Brody JR, Dixon DA, Sawicki JA. Elevated HuR in Pancreas Promotes a Pancreatitis-Like Inflammatory Microenvironment That Facilitates Tumor Development. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00427-17. [PMID: 29133460 PMCID: PMC5770537 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00427-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (ELAVL1; HuR) is perhaps the best-characterized RNA-binding protein. Through its overexpression in various tumor types, HuR promotes posttranscriptional regulation of target genes in multiple core signaling pathways associated with tumor progression. The role of HuR overexpression in pancreatic tumorigenesis is unknown and led us to explore the consequences of HuR overexpression using a novel transgenic mouse model that has a >2-fold elevation of pancreatic HuR expression. Histologically, HuR-overexpressing pancreas displays a fibroinflammatory response and other pathological features characteristic of chronic pancreatitis. This pathology is reflected in changes in the pancreatic gene expression profile due, in part, to genes whose expression changes as a consequence of direct binding of their respective mRNAs to HuR. Older mice develop pancreatic steatosis and severe glucose intolerance. Elevated HuR cooperated with mutant K-rasG12D to result in a 3.4-fold increase in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) incidence compared to PDAC presence in K-rasG12D alone. These findings implicate HuR as a facilitator of pancreatic tumorigenesis, especially in the setting of inflammation, and a novel therapeutic target for pancreatitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidan Peng
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Narumi Furuuchi
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hung Huang
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha Z Brown
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sankar Addya
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Erika Peters
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan A Dixon
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Janet A Sawicki
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Popis MC, Wagner RE, Constantino-Casas F, Blanco S, Frye M. Considerations for skin carcinogenesis experiments using inducible transgenic mouse models. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:67. [PMID: 29361972 PMCID: PMC5782388 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to estimate the percentage of non-malignant skin tumours (papillomas) progressing to malignant squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in a carcinogenesis study using established transgenic mouse models. In our skin cancer model, we conditionally induced oncogenic point mutant alleles of p53 and k-ras in undifferentiated, basal cells of the epidermis. RESULTS Upon activation of the transgenes through administration of tamoxifen, the vast majority of mice (> 80%) developed skin papillomas, yet primarily around the mouth. Since these tumours hindered the mice eating, they rapidly lost weight and needed to be culled before the papillomas progressed to SCCs. The mouth papillomas formed regardless of the route of application, including intraperitoneal injections, local application to the back skin, or subcutaneous insertion of a tamoxifen pellet. Implantation of a slow releasing tamoxifen pellet into 18 mice consistently led to papilloma formation, of which only one progressed to a malignant SCC. Thus, the challenges for skin carcinogenesis studies using this particular cancer mouse model are low conversion rates of papillomas to SCCs and high frequencies of mouth papilloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna C. Popis
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH UK
| | - Rebecca E. Wagner
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Fernando Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES UK
| | - Sandra Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Michaela Frye
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH UK
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9
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Masre SF, Rath N, Olson MF, Greenhalgh DA. ROCK2/ras Ha co-operation induces malignant conversion via p53 loss, elevated NF-κB and tenascin C-associated rigidity, but p21 inhibits ROCK2/NF-κB-mediated progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:2529-2542. [PMID: 27991921 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study ROCK2 activation in carcinogenesis, mice expressing 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT)-activated ROCK2 (K14.ROCKer) were crossed with mice expressing epidermal-activated rasHa (HK1.ras1205). At 8 weeks, 4HT-treated K14.ROCKer/HK1.ras1205 cohorts exhibited papillomas similar to HK1.ras1205 controls; however, K14.ROCKer/HK1.ras1205 histotypes comprised a mixed papilloma/well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (wdSCC), exhibiting p53 loss, increased proliferation and novel NF-κB expression. By 12 weeks, K14.ROCKer/HK1.ras1205 wdSCCs exhibited increased NF-κB and novel tenascin C, indicative of elevated rigidity; yet despite continued ROCK2 activities/p-Mypt1 inactivation, progression to SCC required loss of compensatory p21 expression. K14.ROCKer/HK1.ras1205 papillomatogenesis also required a wound promotion stimulus, confirmed by breeding K14.ROCKer into promotion-insensitive HK1.ras1276 mice, suggesting a permissive K14.ROCKer/HK1.ras1205 papilloma context (wound-promoted/NF-κB+/p53-/p21+) preceded K14.ROCKer-mediated (p-Mypt1/tenascin C/rigidity) malignant conversion. Malignancy depended on ROCKer/p-Mypt1 expression, as cessation of 4HT treatment induced disorganized tissue architecture and p21-associated differentiation in wdSCCs; yet tenascin C retention in connective tissue extracellular matrix suggests the rigidity laid down for conversion persists. Novel papilloma outgrowths appeared expressing intense, basal layer p21 that confined endogenous ROCK2/p-Mypt1/NF-κB to supra-basal layers, and was paralleled by restored basal layer p53. In later SCCs, 4HT cessation became irrelevant as endogenous ROCK2 expression increased, driving progression via p21 loss, elevated NF-κB expression and tenascin C-associated rigidity, with p-Mypt1 inactivation/actinomyosin-mediated contractility to facilitate invasion. However, p21-associated inhibition of early-stage malignant progression and the intense expression in papilloma outgrowths, identifies a novel, significant antagonism between p21 and rasHa/ROCK2/NF-κB signalling in skin carcinogenesis. Collectively, these data show that ROCK2 activation induces malignancy in rasHa-initiated/promoted papillomas in the context of p53 loss and novel NF-κB expression, whereas increased tissue rigidity and cell motility/contractility help mediate tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Masre
- Section of Dermatology and Molecular Carcinogenesis, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Kebangsaan, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Rath
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - M F Olson
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - D A Greenhalgh
- Section of Dermatology and Molecular Carcinogenesis, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Divya MK, Salini S, Meera N, Lincy L, Seema M, Raghavamenon AC, Babu TD. Attenuation of DMBA/croton oil induced mouse skin papilloma by Apodytes dimidiata mediated by its antioxidant and antimutagenic potential. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1564-1574. [PMID: 26878464 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Considering the role of cellular oxidative stress in mutations and subsequent transformation, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential has become a primary choice as chemopreventives. Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey. Ex. Arn (Icacinaceae), a widely used plant in Zulu traditional medicine, is reported to possess antioxidant activity. Objective To investigate the chemopreventive efficacy of methanol extract of A. dimidiata leaf (AMF). Materials and methods Antimutagenic potential of AMF (25, 50 and 75 μg/plate) was evaluated by the Ames test. The ability of AMF (100 and 250 mg/kg orally) on restoration of depleted antioxidant status by sodium fluoride (NaF) was analysed on BALB/c mice. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/croton oil induced mouse skin papilloma model was studied up to 20 weeks to analyse the anticarcinogenic effect of AMF (1%, 3% and 5% topically, twice weekly for 6 weeks). Phytochemicals of AMF were characterized by GC-MS. Results AMF (75 μg/plate) reverted 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPDA) induced mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains, TA 98, 100 and 102 by 74.8%, 72.5% and 69.3%, respectively. Against sodium azide, the percentage reversion was 80.4, 71.3 and 71.3. In mice, AMF (250 mg/kg for 4 days) increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities by 48.71% and 30.3% against the NaF-induced drop. GSH level was improved by 48.59% with a concomitant decrease in TBARS (57.67%). The skin papilloma reduction was 79.32% for 5% AMF. Squalene, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids are the known antioxidant and chemopreventive molecules identified by GC-MS. Discussion and conclusion Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of AMF might have contributed to its anticarcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menon K Divya
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Sasidharan Salini
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Nair Meera
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Lawrence Lincy
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Menon Seema
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
| | - Thekkekara D Babu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar (Recognized Research Centre - University of Calicut) , Thrissur , Kerala , India
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11
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Goldstein J, Roth E, Roberts N, Zwick R, Lin S, Fletcher S, Tadeu A, Wu C, Beck A, Zeiss C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Horsley V. Loss of endogenous Nfatc1 reduces the rate of DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3606-14. [PMID: 26310443 PMCID: PMC4603931 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapies using calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporine A, are associated with a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma formation in mice and humans. Calcineurin is believed to suppress tumorigenesis in part through Nfatc1, a transcription factor expressed primarily in hair follicle bulge stem cells in mice. However, mice overexpressing a constitutively active Nfatc1 isoform in the skin epithelium developed increased spontaneous skin squamous cell carcinomas. Because follicular stem cells can contribute to skin tumorigenesis, whether the endogenous expression of Nfatc1 inhibits or enhances skin tumorigenesis is unclear. Here we show that loss of the endogenous expression of Nfatc1 suppresses the rate of DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis. Inducible deletion of Nfatc1 in follicular stem cells before tumor initiation significantly reduces the rate of tumorigenesis and the contribution of follicular stem cells to skin tumors. We find that skin tumors from mice lacking Nfatc1 display reduced Hras codon 61 mutations. Furthermore, Nfatc1 enhances the expression of genes involved in DMBA metabolism and increases DMBA-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes. Together these data implicate Nfatc1 in the regulation of skin stem cell-initiated tumorigenesis via the regulation of DMBA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Eve Roth
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Natalie Roberts
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Rachel Zwick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Samantha Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sean Fletcher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ana Tadeu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Christine Wu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Amanda Beck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Departments of Population Health Science and Policy, Genetics and Genomics Science, and Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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12
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Gabitova L, Restifo D, Gorin A, Manocha K, Handorf E, Yang DH, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Cunningham D, Kratz LE, Herman GE, Golemis EA, Astsaturov I. Endogenous Sterol Metabolites Regulate Growth of EGFR/KRAS-Dependent Tumors via LXR. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1927-38. [PMID: 26344763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis-activating sterols (MAS) are substrates of SC4MOL and NSDHL in the cholesterol pathway and are important for normal organismal development. Oncogenic transformation by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or RAS increases the demand for cholesterol, suggesting a possibility for metabolic interference. To test this idea in vivo, we ablated Nsdhl in adult keratinocytes expressing KRAS(G12D). Strikingly, Nsdhl inactivation antagonized the growth of skin tumors while having little effect on normal skin. Loss of Nsdhl induced the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, reduced the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), decreased intracellular cholesterol, and was dependent on the liver X receptor (LXR) α. Importantly, EGFR signaling opposed LXRα effects on cholesterol homeostasis, whereas an EGFR inhibitor synergized with LXRα agonists in killing cancer cells. Inhibition of SC4MOL or NSDHL, or activation of LXRα by sterol metabolites, can be an effective strategy against carcinomas with activated EGFR-KRAS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linara Gabitova
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420000, Russia
| | - Diana Restifo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andrey Gorin
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420000, Russia
| | - Kunal Manocha
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - David Cunningham
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lisa E Kratz
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gail E Herman
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan 420000, Russia.
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13
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Okumura K, Saito M, Isogai E, Aoto Y, Hachiya T, Sakakibara Y, Katsuragi Y, Hirose S, Kominami R, Goitsuka R, Nakamura T, Wakabayashi Y. Meis1 regulates epidermal stem cells and is required for skin tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102111. [PMID: 25013928 PMCID: PMC4094504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Meis1 plays an important role in blood development and vascular homeostasis, and can induce blood cancers, such as leukemia. However, its role in epithelia remains largely unknown. Here, we uncover two roles for Meis1 in the epidermis: as a critical regulator of epidermal homeostasis in normal tissues and as a proto-oncogenic factor in neoplastic tissues. In normal epidermis, we show that Meis1 is predominantly expressed in the bulge region of the hair follicles where multipotent adult stem cells reside, and that the number of these stem cells is reduced when Meis1 is deleted in the epidermal tissue of mice. Mice with epidermal deletion of Meis1 developed significantly fewer DMBA/TPA-induced benign and malignant tumors compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that Meis1 plays a role in both tumor development and malignant progression. This is consistent with the observation that Meis1 expression increases as tumors progress from benign papillomas to malignant carcinomas. Interestingly, we found that Meis1 localization was altered to neoplasia development. Instead of being localized to the stem cell region, Meis1 is localized to more differentiated cells in tumor tissues. These findings suggest that, during the transformation from normal to neoplastic tissues, a functional switch occurs in Meis1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Aoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Sakakibara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Okumura K, Saito M, Isogai E, Miura I, Wakana S, Kominami R, Wakabayashi Y. Congenic mapping and allele-specific alteration analysis of Stmm1 locus conferring resistance to early-stage chemically induced skin papillomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97201. [PMID: 24844776 PMCID: PMC4028187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed that many low-penetrance cancer susceptibility loci are located throughout the genome; however, a very limited number of genes have been identified so far. Using a forward genetics approach to map such loci in a mouse skin cancer model, we previously identified strong genetic loci conferring resistance to early-stage chemically induced skin papillomas on chromosome 7 with a large number of [(FVB/N×MSM/Ms)×FVB/N] F1 backcross mice. In this report, we describe a combination of congenic mapping and allele-specific alteration analysis of the loci on chromosome 7. We used linkage analysis and congenic mouse strains to refine the location of Stmm1 (Skin tumor modifier of MSM 1) locus within a genetic interval of about 3 cM on proximal chromosome 7. In addition, we used patterns of allele-specific imbalances in tumors from F1 backcross and N10 congenic mice to narrow down further the region of Stmm1 locus to a physical distance of about 5.4 Mb. To gain the insight into the function of Stmm1 locus, we carried out a long term BrdU labelling experiments with congenic mice containing Stmm1 locus. Interestingly, we observed a decrease of BrdU-LRCs (Label Retaining Cells) in a congenic strain heterozygous or homozygous for MSM allele of Stmm1. These results suggest that Stmm1 responsible genes may have an influence on papillomagenesis in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis by regulating epidermal quiescent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, Riken Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, Riken Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Spiegelberg C, Giedl J, Gaisa NT, Rogler A, Riener MO, Filbeck T, Burger M, Ruemmele P, Hartmann A, Stoehr R. Frequency of activating mutations in FGFR2 exon 7 in bladder tumors from patients with early-onset and regular-onset disease. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:1708-1713. [PMID: 24817968 PMCID: PMC4014252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The FGF/FGFR-system plays an important role in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Mutational activation of FGFR2 resulting in aberrant FGFR2 signaling activation is known from both hereditary germ line alterations and somatic mutations in various malignancies (e.g. breast, gastric or ovarian cancer). FGFR2 mutations are mainly located within the hinge between Ig-like domains (exon 7), around the 3rd Ig-like domains and within the kinase domain. For bladder cancer only sparse data on FGFR2 mutations are available. Most interestingly a case of early-onset papillary carcinoma of the bladder showing a FGFR2 p.Pro253Arg mutation in exon 7 in a patient with Apert Syndrome was reported recently. To further evaluate the importance of FGFR2 exon 7 alterations in bladder cancer a cohort of 254 bladder tumors (cohort 1: unselected cases: n=139; cohort 2: early-onset bladder cancer cases (age at time of diagnosis≤45 years): n=115) was analyzed. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bladder tumors were used for DNA isolation. After precise microdissection exon 7 of the FGFR2 gene was analyzed by direct Sanger sequencing. All cases could be analyzed successfully. Mutations in exon 7 of FGFR2 could not be detected in any of the cases. All tumors showed wild type sequence. Our data demonstrate that the recently reported association between early-onset papillary carcinoma of the bladder with germ line FGFR2 p.Pro253Arg mutation could not be found in our cohorts of sporadic bladder tumors. These results indicate that FGFR2 gene mutations might only play a minor role in bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Spiegelberg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | - Johannes Giedl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | | | - Anja Rogler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | - Marc-Oliver Riener
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | - Thomas Filbeck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- St. Josef Medical Centre, Department of Urology, University of RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergGermany
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16
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Becker K, Thomas AD, Kaina B. Does increase in DNA repair allow "tolerance-to-insult" in chemical carcinogenesis? Skin tumor experiments with MGMT-overexpressing mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:145-150. [PMID: 24519900 DOI: 10.1002/em.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several genotoxicity endpoints have been evaluated to define nonlinear dose-responses for SN 1 and SN 2 alkylating genotoxicants. Dose-response studies acknowledging the process of multistage tumorigenesis are important; however, data pertaining nonlinearity are not yet available. In this communication, the role of DNA repair in the dose-response relationship for benign papillomas was examined using the two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol. The data obtained with O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) overexpressing mice in which papillomas were induced by a single topical treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate are reported. As MGMT efficiently protects cells from mutations by repairing O(6) -methylguanine, a miscoding lesion induced by MNU, the question whether MGMT is able to nullify carcinogenic lesions to an extent where they would be considered nonhazardous has been addressed. It is shown here that MGMT overexpression significantly protects against, but does not completely nullify, the effect of MNU in tumor initiation. The possible mechanisms involved have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Becker
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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17
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Mlacki M, Darido C, Jane SM, Wilanowski T. Loss of Grainy head-like 1 is associated with disruption of the epidermal barrier and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89247. [PMID: 24586629 PMCID: PMC3930704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) transcription factor regulates the expression of desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. As a consequence, the epidermis of Grhl1-null mice displays fewer desmosomes that are abnormal in structure. These mice also exhibit mild chronic skin barrier defects as evidenced by altered keratinocyte terminal differentiation, increased expression of inflammatory markers and infiltration of the skin by immune cells. Exposure of Grhl1−/− mice to a standard chemical skin carcinogenesis protocol results in development of fewer papillomas than in wild type control animals, but with a rate of conversion to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that is strikingly higher than in normal littermates. The underlying molecular mechanism differs from mice with conditional ablation of a closely related Grhl family member, Grhl3, in the skin, which develop SCC due to the loss of expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mlacki
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
A hallmark of MYC-transformed cells is their aberrant response to antimitogenic signals. Key examples include the inability of MYC-transformed cells to arrest proliferation in response to antimitogenic signals such as TGF-β or DNA damage and their inability to differentiate into adipocytes in response to hormonal stimuli. Given the plethora of antimitogenic signals to which a tumor cell is exposed, it is likely that the ability to confer resistance to these signals is central to the transforming properties of MYC in vivo. At the same time, the inability of MYC-transformed cells to halt cell-cycle progression on stress may establish a dependence on mutations that impair or disable apoptosis. We propose that the interaction of MYC with the zinc finger protein MIZ-1 mediates resistance to antimitogenic signals. In contrast to other interactions of MYC, there is currently little evidence that MIZ-1 associates with MYC in normal, unperturbed cells. The functional interaction of both proteins becomes apparent at oncogenic expression levels of MYC and association with MIZ-1 mediates both oncogenic functions of MYC as well as tumor-suppressive responses to oncogenic levels of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Wiese
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken and Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Rothe M, Quarcoo D, Chashchina AA, Bozrova SV, Qin Z, Nedospasov SA, Blankenstein T, Kammertoens T, Drutskaya MS. IL-13 but not IL-4 signaling via IL-4Rα protects mice from papilloma formation during DMBA/TPA two-step skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Med 2013; 2:815-25. [PMID: 24403255 PMCID: PMC3892386 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) was shown to be tumor-promoting in full carcinogenesis studies using 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Because heretofore the role of IL-4 in DMBA/TPA (9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz-anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) two-stage carcinogenesis was not studied, we performed such experiments using either IL-4(-/-) or IL-4Rα(-/-) mice. We found that IL-4Rα(-/-) but not IL-4(-/-) mice have enhanced papilloma formation, suggesting that IL-13 may be involved. Indeed, IL-13(-/-) mice developed more papillomas after exposure to DMBA/TPA than their heterozygous IL-13-competent littermate controls. However, when tested in a full carcinogenesis experiment, exposure of mice to 25 μg of MCA, both IL-13(-/-) and IL-13(+/-) mice led to the same incidence of tumors. While IL-4 enhances MCA carcinogenesis, it does not play a measurable role in our DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis experiments. Conversely, IL-13 does not affect MCA carcinogenesis but protects mice from DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis. One possible explanation is that IL-4 and IL-13, although they share a common IL-4Rα chain, regulate signaling in target cells differently by employing distinct JAK/STAT-mediated signaling pathways downstream of IL-13 or IL-4 receptor complexes, resulting in different inflammatory transcriptional programs. Taken together, our results indicate that the course of DMBA/TPA- and MCA-induced carcinogenesis is affected differently by IL-4 versus IL-13-mediated inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rothe
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Quarcoo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin FranklinThielallee 69-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna A Chashchina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences32 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Bozrova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences32 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences32 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Blankenstein
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine13125, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences32 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University119991, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Chaudhuri A, Wilson NS, Yang B, Paler Martinez A, Liu J, Zhu C, Bricker N, Couto S, Modrusan Z, French D, Cupp J, Ashkenazi A. Host genetic background impacts modulation of the TLR4 pathway by RON in tissue-associated macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:451-60. [PMID: 23817579 PMCID: PMC3736205 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable metazoans to mount effective innate immune responses to microbial and viral pathogens, as well as to endogenous host-derived ligands. It is understood that genetic background of the host can influence TLR responsiveness, altering susceptibility to pathogen infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Macrophage stimulatory protein (MSP), which activates the receptor tyrosine kinase recepteur d'origine nantais (RON), promotes key macrophage functions such as motility and phagocytic activity. MSP also acts via RON to modulate signaling by TLR4, which recognizes a range of pathogen or endogenous host-derived molecules. Here, we show that RON exerts divergent control over TLR4 activity in macrophages from different mouse genetic backgrounds. RON potently modulated the TLR4 response in macrophages from M2-prone FVB mice, as compared with M1-skewed C57Bl6 mice. Moreover, global expression analysis revealed that RON suppresses the TLR4-dependent type-I interferon gene signature only in FVB macrophages. This leads to attenuated production of the potent inflammatory mediator, tumor necrosis factor-α. Eliminating RON kinase activity markedly decreased carcinogen-mediated tumorigenesis in M2/Th2-biased FVB mice. We propose that host genetic background influences RON function, thereby contributing to the variability in TLR4 responsiveness in rodents and, potentially, in humans. These findings provide novel insight into the complex interplay between genetic context and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Wilson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Becky Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Zhu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Bricker
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzana Couto
- Departments of Pathology and Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy French
- Departments of Pathology and Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Cupp
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Koguchi H, Ujiie H, Aoyagi S, Osawa R, Shimizu H. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis associated with 15q tetrasomy syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol 2013; 93:202-3. [PMID: 22965828 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Cohen N, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Klein S, Levitzki A. Heterogeneity of gene expression in murine squamous cell carcinoma development-the same tumor by different means. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57748. [PMID: 23526950 PMCID: PMC3601100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation is a complex process, involving many changes in the cell. In this work, we investigated the transcriptional changes that arose during the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in mice. Using microarray analysis, we looked at gene expression during different stages in cancer progression in 31 mice. By analyzing tumor progression in each mouse separately, we were able to define the global changes that were common to all 31 mice, as well as significant changes that occurred in fewer individuals. We found that different genes can contribute to the tumorigenic process in different mice, and that there are many ways to acquire the malignant properties defined by Hanahan and Weinberg as "hallmarks of cancer". Eventually, however, all these changes lead to a very similar cancerous phenotype. The finding that gene expression is strongly heterogeneous in tumors that were induced by a standardized protocol in closely related mice underscores the need for molecular characterization of human tumors and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Cohen
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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23
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Radu D, Olariu S, Teodorescu M. [Obstructive jaundice by genodermatosis--case report]. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2012; 107:404-407. [PMID: 22844843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type I, or Recklinnghausen disease, is the most frequently occurring neurofibromatosis, in 1/3000-11,5000 of children born. This disease is a genodermatosis with 1/3000-1/5000 autosomal dominant transmission. Incriminated in the pathological appearance of the disease gene is located on chromosome 17, gene product, neurofibromina, is a protein involved in controlling cell differentiation and proliferation. Skin manifestations can be associated with the same papillary tumors and the internal organ. Treatment is surgery for larger tumors. Worse prognosis in malignant developpment, with the lower quality of life in the presence of complications, as in this case: mechanical obstructive jaundice. MATERIAL AND METHOD Patients aged 75 years, admitted for obstructive jaundice (progressive, pruritic), cutaneous papillomas (0.5-3 cm) on the trunk and several hyperpigmented brown spots (5-6 cm diameter). Cutaneous lesions (45 years old) have been previously diagnosed by histological examination. RESULTS We did surgery under general anesthesia: cholecystectomy, intraoperative choledocoscopy of bile duct. In the last portion of bile duct we found pedicled tumors. We did partial excision of tumors and coledoco-duodenoanastomosis in healthy tissue. Histological examination showed neurofibrodermatoza type I. Discharge 12 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative diagnosis suggested the possibility of mechanical jaundice by malignancy. Etiologic diagnosis of this rare form of obstructive jaundice could not be established before surgery, only by histological examination of the excised tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Radu
- Clinica 1 Chirurgie, Spital Clinic Judeţean de Urgenţă, Universitatea de Medicini Si Farmacie Victor Babes Timişoara, România.
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Gong Z, Shi Y, Zhu Z, Li X, Ye Y, Zhang J, Li A, Li G, Zhou J. JWA deficiency suppresses dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-phorbol ester induced skin papillomas via inactivation of MAPK pathway in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34154. [PMID: 22461904 PMCID: PMC3312911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that JWA plays an important role in DNA damage repair, cell migration, and regulation of MAPKs. In this study, we investigated the role of JWA in chemical carcinogenesis using conditional JWA knockout (JWAΔ2/Δ2) mice and two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis. Our results indicated that JWAΔ2/Δ2 mice were resistant to the development of skin papillomas initiated by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In JWAΔ2/Δ2 mice, the induction of papilloma was delayed, and the tumor number and size were reduced. In primary keratinocytes from JWAΔ2/Δ2 mice, DMBA exposure induced more intensive DNA damage, while TPA-promoted cell proliferation was reduced. The further mechanistic studies showed that JWA deficiency blocked TPA-induced activation of MAPKs and its downstream transcription factor Elk1 both in vitro and in vivo. JWAΔ2/Δ2 mice are resistance to tumorigenesis induced by DMBA/TPA probably through inhibition of transcription factor Elk1 via MAPKs. These results highlight the importance of JWA in skin homeostasis and in the process of skin tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Gong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowei Shi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Connolly EC, Saunier EF, Quigley D, Luu MT, Sapio AD, Hann B, Yingling JM, Akhurst RJ. Outgrowth of drug-resistant carcinomas expressing markers of tumor aggression after long-term TβRI/II kinase inhibition with LY2109761. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2339-49. [PMID: 21282335 PMCID: PMC3059399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β is produced excessively by many solid tumors and can drive malignant progression through multiple effects on the tumor cell and microenvironment. TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors have shown efficacy in preclinical models of metastatic cancer. Here, we investigated the effect of systemic LY2109761, a TGF-β type I/II receptor (TβRI/TβRII) kinase inhibitor, in both a tumor allograft model and the mouse skin model of de novo chemically induced carcinogenesis in vivo. Systemic LY2109761 administration disrupted tumor vascular architecture and reduced myofibroblast differentiation of E4 skin carcinoma cells in a tumor allograft. In the 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene plus phorbol myristate acetate-induced skin chemical carcinogenesis model, acute dosing of established naive primary carcinomas with LY2109761 (100 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 10 days (100 mg/kg) diminished phospho-Smad2 (P-Smad2) levels and marginally decreased the expression of inflammatory and invasive markers. Sustained exposure to LY2109761 (100 mg/kg/d) throughout the tumor outgrowth phase had no effect on carcinoma latency or incidence. However, molecular analysis of resultant carcinomas by microarray gene expression, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry suggests that long-term LY2109761 exposure leads to the outgrowth of carcinomas with elevated P-Smad2 levels that do not respond to drug. This is the first description of acquired resistance to a small-molecule inhibitor of the TβRI/TβRII kinase. Resultant carcinomas were more aggressive and inflammatory in nature, with delocalized E-cadherin and elevated expression of Il23a, laminin V, and matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, TGF-β inhibitors might be clinically useful for applications requiring acute administration, but long-term patient exposure to such drugs should be undertaken with caution.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Myofibroblasts/drug effects
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Papilloma/genetics
- Papilloma/metabolism
- Papilloma/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Smad2 Protein/genetics
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Connolly
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - Elise F. Saunier
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - David Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - Minh Thu Luu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - Angela De Sapio
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
| | | | - Rosemary J. Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0512. USA
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Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the development of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the well-established 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acetate (TPA) model of skin carcinogenesis. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) containing repetitive TTAGGG motifs have been shown to block deleterious inflammatory reactions in murine models of autoimmunity, pneumonitis, and shock. This article examines whether treatment with suppressive (Sup) ODN can interfere with DMBA/TPA-induced inflammation, thereby reducing papilloma formation. Results indicate that Sup ODN block TPA-dependent skin hyperplasia, edema, and leukocytic infiltration. Sup ODN also inhibit the upregulation of genes encoding pro-oncogenic chemokines and other markers of inflammation including CXCL2, CCL2, COX-2, and ODC (ornithine decarboxylase). Of greatest import, Sup ODN reduce papilloma formation in a dose- and sequence-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Sup ODN may provide a novel means of preventing inflammation and associated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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27
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Bogaert L, Martens A, Kast WM, Van Marck E, De Cock H. Bovine papillomavirus DNA can be detected in keratinocytes of equine sarcoid tumors. Vet Microbiol 2010; 146:269-75. [PMID: 21095508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-1 and -2 is linked to equine sarcoids, a commonly observed skin tumor in horses that is of considerable veterinary importance. Previous studies using in situ hybridization have detected BPV DNA only in fibroblasts and not in keratinocytes of sarcoids. In contrast, normal equine skin latently infected with BPV shows a dysplastic epithelium without dermal changes, similar to lesions induced by other papillomavirus types infecting the epithelium. The first goal of our study was to describe the epidermal and dermal characteristics of several stages in sarcoid development. Next, we explored whether BPV can infect epidermal cells in the horse using real-time PCR on laser-micro-dissected keratinocytes and fibroblasts. We found that latently infected normal skin samples and a subset of early stage sarcoids show dysplastic, koilocyte-like epithelial changes. BPV DNA was detected in keratinocytes in 40% of the samples with these particular epithelial properties, whereas advanced sarcoids only had BPV DNA in the fibroblasts. These data may indicate a novel and intriguing pathway of BPV infection in the horse composed of a first step of keratinocyte infection, followed by migration of viral material towards the dermis resulting in infection of sub-epidermal fibroblasts and their fully transformed phenotype. Additionally, an example of co-existence of a dermal BPV-1 and an epidermal BPV-2 infection in the same lesion is shown, indicating that horses can harbor infection with more than one BPV type at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Bogaert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Hannisdal K, Schjølberg A, De Angelis PM, Boysen M, Clausen OPF. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tonsillar carcinomas are frequent and have a favourable prognosis in males in Norway. Acta Otolaryngol 2010; 130:293-9. [PMID: 19680990 DOI: 10.3109/00016480903071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tonsillar tumours (52%). The survival of the HPV-positive group was significantly better in males. OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence of HPV in 137 patients with tonsillar carcinomas, measured the p53- and Ki-67-positive tumour cell fractions and correlated the results with clinical variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumour DNA from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region was amplified by PCR and sequenced for detection of HPV subtypes. RESULTS HPV was found in 71/137 (52%) of the tumours; HPV-16 was the most frequent subtype (87%). HPV positivity did not correlate with gender, stage, T- and N categories, Ki-67 expression or p53 positivity. The HPV-positive group had a significantly better survival (p < 0.01) compared with the HPV-negative group in males. In a multivariate analysis HPV status gave prognostic information in addition to the earlier established factors, i.e. age, gender and stage (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hannisdal
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Naoi K, Sunagawa N, Yoshida I, Morioka T, Nakashima M, Ishihara M, Fukamachi K, Itoh Y, Tsuda H, Yoshimi N, Suzui M. Enhancement of tongue carcinogenesis in Hras128 transgenic rats treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:337-344. [PMID: 20043093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rats carrying human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene (Hras128 rats) have been shown to be highly susceptible to induction of tumors. We have found an early induction of tongue tumors in Hras128 rats treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). 4NQO was administered to the Hras128 and wild-type Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The experiment was terminated at 14 (Hras128 rats) and 28 (SD rats) weeks. Either during or after treatment with 4NQO, dysplastic hyperplasia, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma were found on the tongue of both Hras128 and wild-type rats, with a higher incidence and multiplicity in Hras128 rats. Treatment of the Hras128 rats with 4NQO significantly increased cell proliferation in the tumor compared to the control rats. In the tongue tumors of the Hras128 rats, there was a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1 and COX2. To examine whether this experimental system is useful for screening of the candidate agents for cancer preventive effect, nimesulide, a selective COX2 inhibitor, was tested in the present model. Nimesulide significantly decreased total multiplicity of tongue lesions compared to the control rats. Treatment of Hras128 rats with nimesulide caused a significant decrease in the levels of mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and COX2 in the tumor. Therefore, the current 4NQO-induced Hras128 rat tongue carcinogenesis model provides a simple and rapid system for investigating carcinogenesis process and evaluating the effect of possible cancer preventive agents for human tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Naoi
- Department of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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30
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Abstract
SnoN represses TGF-beta signalling to promote cell proliferation and has been defined as a proto-oncogene partly due to its elevated expression in many human cancer cells. Although the anti-tumourigenic activity of SnoN has been suggested, the molecular basis for this has not been defined. We showed here that high levels of SnoN exert anti-oncogenic activity by inducing senescence. SnoN interacts with the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein and is recruited to the PML nuclear bodies where it stabilizes p53, leading to premature senescence. Furthermore, overexpression of SnoN inhibits oncogenic transformation induced by Ras and Myc in vitro and significantly blocks papilloma development in vivo in a carcinogen-induced skin tumourigenesis model. The few papillomas that were developed displayed high levels of senescence and spontaneously regressed. Our study has revealed a novel Smad-independent pathway of SnoN function that mediates its anti-oncogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Wang W, Zhou YD, He HX. [Correlation of the expression of survivin and caspase-3 proteins in juvenile laryngeal papilloma]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 25:1034-1035. [PMID: 20104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate correlation between the expression of survivin and caspase-3 proteins in juvenile laryngeal papilloma. METHODS The expression of survivin and caspase-3 proteins were detected with immunohistochemical method in 43 cases of juvenile laryngeal papilloma, 25 vocal nodules and 25 normal laryngeal mucosa. RESULTS The positive rates of survivin protein in juvenile laryngeal papilloma were 57.14% and higher than that in vocal nodules (P<0.01) and the normal laryngeal mucosa (P<0.01). And the Caspase-3 protein positive rate was 26.19% in juvenile laryngeal papilloma and lower than that in vocal nodules and the normal laryngeal mucosa (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of survivin and caspase-3 in juvenile laryngeal papilloma. CONCLUSION The abnormal expression of survivin and caspase-3 may play important role in the pathogenesis of juvenile laryngeal papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lu H, Zhu G, Fan L, Zhang L. Etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio (female) x Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male). Dis Aquat Organ 2009; 83:77-84. [PMID: 19301639 DOI: 10.3354/dao01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Allogynogenetic crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio (female) x Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in China. In recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the Chongming county of Shanghai, China. The disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. It gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as water temperature increases. Our study revealed that the disease pathogen was likely to be a herpes-like virus, as indicated by enveloped viral particles in the cytoplasm, empty capsids in the nucleus and a virus-like morphology of the pathogen. The size of the enveloped herpes-like virus was 118.18 +/- 10.53 (SD) nm (n = 22) and its nucleocapsid was 78.64 +/- 7.74 nm (n = 22) in diameter. Histopathological examination of tumours revealed that both epithelial and stromal cells proliferated to form papillomas. The nuclei of epithelial tumour cells were irregular in shape and in size. Most of the mucous cells were located in clusters near the middle of each papilloma. Cytoplasmic organelles were sparse in tumour cells. Numerous granulocytes and lymphocytes infiltrated into the tumour tissue. There were no inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumour cells. The lesions only occurred in adult allogynogenetic crucian carp, even though they were cultured together with other fish species. There was marked variation in incidence: in some ponds, only a few fish were affected, while the incidence was up to 90% in other ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Wang J, Han DM, Kang HW, Ma LJ, Ye JY, Xiao Y. [Primary study on glycan structure in pathopoiesis mechanism of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2008; 43:355-359. [PMID: 18717311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the molecular basis difference between recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and vocal cord polyp, to analyze the expression of glycan structural genes, and to discuss the pathopoiesis mechanism of RRP. METHODS The gene expressing profile between the 3 groups papilloma and the vocal cord polyp regarded as normal larynx epithelium were compared using mRNA parallel amplify and the human genome gene expressing microarray. Through cluster analysis, Gene Ontology function gene annotation and path way analysis, the relative gene of RRP and HPV infection were acquired. RESULTS According to three microarrays results, total 567 expression changed genes related to HPV induce RRP were acquired. A serial change of glycan structure biosynthesis and degradation pathways was significant. The expression of dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 1 (DPM1), asparagine-linked glycosylation 1 homolog (ALG1), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and alpha-mannosidase 1A (MAN1A) were regulated and beta-hexosaminidase (HEXB), beta1-galactosidase (GLB1), exostoses 1 (EXT1), fucosyltransferase (FUT) reduced expression and heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST3A1) increased expression. The two related enzymes of the glycosphingolipids which is the main composed of the cell membrane, beta-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4 (B3GNT4) and UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) increase expression, HEXB and GLB1 reduced expression. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of the coding genes of glycan structure biosynthesis and degradation pathways were significantly and characteristically in pathopoiesis mechanism of RRP. This abnormality may be the beginning of tumor form HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
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Bhoumik A, Fichtman B, DeRossi C, Breitwieser W, Kluger HM, Davis S, Subtil A, Meltzer P, Krajewski S, Jones N, Ronai Z. Suppressor role of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) in skin cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:1674-9. [PMID: 18227516 PMCID: PMC2234203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706057105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) regulates transcription in response to stress and growth factor stimuli. Here, we use a mouse model in which ATF2 was selectively deleted in keratinocytes. Crossing the conditionally expressed ATF2 mutant with K14-Cre mice (K14.ATF2(f/f)) resulted in selective expression of mutant ATF2 within the basal layer of the epidermis. When subjected to a two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol [7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)], K14.ATF2(f/f) mice showed significant increases in both the incidence and prevalence of papilloma development compared with the WT ATF2 mice. Consistent with these findings, keratinocytes of K14.ATF2(f/f) mice exhibit greater anchorage-independent growth compared with ATF2 WT keratinocytes. Papillomas of K14.ATF2(f/f) mice exhibit reduced expression of presenilin1, which is associated with enhanced beta-catenin and cyclin D1, and reduced Notch1 expression. Significantly, a reduction of nuclear ATF2 and increased beta-catenin expression were seen in samples of squamous and basal cell carcinoma, as opposed to normal skin. Our data reveal that loss of ATF2 transcriptional activity serves to promote skin tumor formation, thereby indicating a suppressor activity of ATF2 in skin tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Fichtman
- *Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean Davis
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Antonio Subtil
- Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stan Krajewski
- *Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nic Jones
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Ze'ev Ronai
- *Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Losi-Guembarovski R, Kuasne H, Guembarovski AL, Rainho CA, Cólus IMS. DNA methylation patterns of the CDH1, RARB, and SFN genes in choroid plexus tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 179:140-5. [PMID: 18036402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations in choroid plexus tumors, a rare neuroepithelial neoplasm most frequently detected in children, are poorly characterized. Epigenetic silencing associated with aberrant CpG island methylation is one mechanism leading to the loss of tumor suppressor functions in cancer cells. Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, the methylation patterns of the genes CDH1 (E-cadherin), RARB (retinoic acid receptor, beta), and SFN (stratifin; 14-3-3sigma) were retrospectively investigated in eight choroid plexus tumors (five papillomas, two atypical papillomas, and one carcinoma), as well as in two normal cortexes obtained after autopsy from male individuals aged 6 months and 64 years. Among the six pediatric tumors, the mean age at diagnosis was 1.8 years old (range, 0.2-6) and the two adult tumors were detected in a 66-year-old man and a 45-year-old woman. A high frequency of hypermethylation was detected in CDH1 and SFN genes in tumoral and normal cortex tissues. Tumor-specific RARB hypermethylation was observed in four papillomas. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of aberrant methylation in choroid plexus tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Losi-Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Farnedi A, Marucci G, Tosi AL, Magrini E, Pession A. [Choroid plexus tumours: cytogenetic analysis of a single case and literature review]. Pathologica 2007; 99:424-427. [PMID: 18416333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumours are intraventricular papillary lesions that are observed in typical papillomas, atypical papillomas and carcinomas. They usually occur in childhood, and can result in hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. The present paper describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in an adult woman; cytogenetic analysis of the lesion is also presented, which demonstrated the presence of tumour mosaicism. Compared to the chromosomal aberrations observed in previous cases, those in the present tumour do not show significant differences between papillomas harboured in adults and paediatric patients. Moreover, there was no apparent correlation between genetic alternations in typical and atypical papillomas and prognosis or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farnedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica M. Malpighi, Universith di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna
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Manjarrez ME, Ocadiz R, Valle L, Pacheco C, Marroquin A, De la Torre C, Selman M, Gariglio P. Detection of human papillomavirus and relevant tumor suppressors and oncoproteins in laryngeal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:6946-51. [PMID: 17145812 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism of larynx oncogenesis is complex and controlled by various factors, most of them involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the levels of two suppressor proteins (pRb and p53) and two oncogenic proteins (c-Myc and Bcl-2), as well as the apoptotic levels and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in both tumor types. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Low- or high-risk HPV viral DNA was determined by PCR and in situ PCR; the level of cellular proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry; the presence of apoptotic cells was evaluated by in situ cell death detection. RESULTS Most laryngeal papillomatosis samples contained low-risk HPV determined by both techniques. However, 25% of laryngeal carcinoma samples were positive for HPV employing PCR or in situ PCR. In papillomatosis, pRb and p53 levels were higher than in normal larynxes, whereas laryngeal cancer presented the lowest levels. c-Myc oncogene expression was very low in normal and cancer tissues but highly increased in papillomatosis. Bcl-2 expression was low and showed no significant difference between laryngeal papillomatosis and normal larynxes. By contrast, Bcl-2 was clearly up-regulated in cancer. Normal larynx samples and those from laryngeal papillomatosis exhibited similar relatively high numbers of apoptotic cells, whereas in malignant tumors, these cells were scarce. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HPV is an important risk factor in papillomatosis and in some malignant larynx tumors with a strong participation of cellular genes, specifically involved in proliferation and apoptosis. In benign papillomatosis lesions but not in larynx cancer, high p53 activity might preserve the apoptosis process. In larynx cancer, low p53 levels and high bcl-2 expression may be playing an important role to block apoptosis.
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Rydzewski B, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Sokalski J, Matusiak M, Durzyński L. [Identification of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in inflammatory states and ear neoplasms]. Otolaryngol Pol 2007; 61:137-41. [PMID: 17668798 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(07)70401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human Papilloma Virus has a strong relation to oropharyngeal mucosa and is considered to be responsible for a wide range of upper respiratory tract pathologies, like laryngeal papilloma. There's a hypothesis, that it plays a significant role in middle ear chronic inflammations and neoplasm's. MATERIAL AND METHODIC. The examination was carried on a group of 53 patients, 39 of which was suffering from granulation tissue chronic otitis media, 7-cholesteatomatous otitis media, 6--middle ear malignant neoplasm, and 1 middle and/or external ear benign neoplasm. The control group consisted of 5 patients operated on: otosclerosis--4 cases and post-traumatic tympanic membrane perforation--1 case. The material was postoperative tissue, like polyps, inflammatory granulation tissue, cholesteatoma masses and malignant neoplasm's tissue. RESULTS In the whole group of 53 examined cases, HPV DNA was confirmed in 22 cases (41.5%), in that group oncogenic types 16 or 18 in 12 cases (22.6%), and in 14 cases (26.4%) types 6 or 11. In a group of chronic granulomatous otitis media DNA characteristic for Papilloma was identified in 12 cases (25.6%), in it in 9 cases DNA HPV type 6 or 11 was confirmed, and in 7 cases type 16 or 18. Among cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media HPV DNA types 6 or 11 was identified in 70%. In every case of middle ear malignant neoplasm a presence of high-risk DNA Papilloma types 16 or 18 was confirmed. In any case of control group HPV DNA was detected. CONCLUSIONS The results has been compared with other authors examinations and it is claimed that they confirm the observation, that Human Papilloma Viruses may be a factor, that might play an important role in pathology of chronic otitis media and ear neoplasm's. It is concluded, that differences in percentages of HPV presence in chronic inflammations (70%) and ear neoplasm's may be explained by viral co-infection during bacterial c. o. m. Viral infection probably evolves carcinogenesis, which leads to a neoplastic growth.
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Stephen JK, Vaught LE, Chen KM, Sethi S, Shah V, Benninger MS, Gardner GM, Schweitzer VG, Khan M, Worsham MJ. Epigenetic events underlie the pathogenesis of sinonasal papillomas. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:1019-27. [PMID: 17673925 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Benign inverted papillomas have been reported as monoclonal but lacking common genetic alterations identified in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Epigenetic changes alter the heritable state of gene expression and chromatin organization without change in DNA sequence. We investigated whether epigenetic events of aberrant promoter hypermethylation in genes known to be involved in squamous head and neck cancer underlie the pathogenesis of sinonasal papillomas. Ten formalin-fixed paraffin DNA samples from three inverted papilloma cases, two exophytic (everted) papilloma cases, and two cases with inverted and exophytic components were studied. DNA was obtained from microdissected areas of normal and papilloma areas and examined using a panel of 41 gene probes, designed to interrogate 35 unique genes for aberrant methylation status (22 genes) using the methylation-specific multiplex-ligation-specific polymerase assay. Methylation-specific PCR was employed to confirm aberrant methylation detected by the methylation-specific multiplex-ligation-specific polymerase assay. All seven cases indicated at least one epigenetic event of aberrant promoter hypermethylation. The CDKN2B gene was a consistent target of aberrant methylation in six of seven cases. Methylation-specific PCR confirmed hypermethylation of CDKN2B. Recurrent biopsies from two inverted papilloma cases had common epigenetic events. Promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2B was a consistent epigenetic event. Common epigenetic alterations in recurrent biopsies underscore a monoclonal origin for these lesions. Epigenetic events contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of benign inverted and exophytic papillomas. As a consistent target of aberrant promoter hypermethylation, CDKN2B may serve as an important epigenetic biomarker for gene reactivation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josena K Stephen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Park E, Zhu F, Liu B, Xia X, Shen J, Bustos T, Fischer SM, Hu Y. Reduction in IκB Kinase α Expression Promotes the Development of Skin Papillomas and Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9158-68. [PMID: 17909021 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We reported recently a marked reduction in IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) expression in a large proportion of human poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and the occurrence of Ikkalpha mutations in human SCCs. In addition, overexpression of IKKalpha in the epidermis inhibited the development of skin carcinomas and metastases in mice. However, whether a reduction in IKKalpha expression promotes skin tumor development is currently unknown. Here, we assessed the susceptibility of Ikkalpha hemizygotes to chemical carcinogen-induced skin carcinogenesis. Ikkalpha+/- mice developed 2 times more papillomas and 11 times more carcinomas than did Ikkalpha+/+ mice. The tumors were larger in Ikkalpha+/- than in Ikkalpha+/+ mice, but tumor latency was shorter in Ikkalpha+/- than in Ikkalpha+/+ mice. Some of the Ikkalpha+/- papillomas and most Ikkalpha+/- carcinomas lost the remaining Ikkalpha wild-type allele. Somatic Ikkalpha mutations were detected in carcinomas and papillomas. The chemical carcinogen-induced H-Ras mutations were detected in all the tumors. The phorbol ester tumor promoter induced higher mitogenic and angiogenic activities in Ikkalpha+/- than in Ikkalpha+/+ skin. These elevated activities were intrinsic to keratinocytes, suggesting that a reduction in IKKalpha expression provided a selective growth advantage, which cooperated with H-Ras mutations to promote papilloma formation. Furthermore, excessive extracellular signal-regulated kinase and IKK kinase activities were observed in carcinomas compared with those in papillomas. Thus, the combined mitogenic, angiogenic, and IKK activities might contribute to malignant conversion. Our findings provide evidence that a reduction in IKKalpha expression promotes the development of papillomas and carcinomas and that the integrity of the Ikkalpha gene is required for suppressing skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Park
- Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Stephen JK, Vaught LE, Chen KM, Shah V, Schweitzer VG, Gardner G, Benninger MS, Worsham MJ. An epigenetically derived monoclonal origin for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 133:684-92. [PMID: 17638782 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.133.7.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of promoter methylation-mediated epigenetic events in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis tumorigenesis. DESIGN Archival tissue DNA, extracted from microdissected papilloma lesions, was interrogated for methylation status by means of the novel, multigene methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. SUBJECTS Fifteen subjects with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 3 females and 12 males, all with adult onset of illness (age range, 23-73 years) except for 1 female patient with juvenile onset (1 year old). RESULTS Promoter hypermethylation was recorded in 14 of 15 cases, and 19 of 22 unique methylation-prone cancer genes in the multigene panel had altered DNA methylation in at least 1 laryngeal papilloma biopsy specimen. Identical abnormally methylated genes were found in 5 of 15 recurrent cases, of which the CDKN2B gene was hypermethylated in all 5 cases. Dissimilar epigenetic events were noted in the remaining cases. CONCLUSIONS A clonal origin was derived for 5 of 15 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis biopsy specimens based on identical epigenetic events. The high frequency of epigenetic events, characterized by consistent promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes, points to the use of gene silencing mechanisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josena Kunjoonju Stephen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Pl, 1D, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Rajjoub S, Basha SR, Einhorn E, Cohen MC, Marvel DM, Sewell DA. Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in oropharyngeal cancer. Ear Nose Throat J 2007; 86:506-511. [PMID: 17915676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been shown to significantly improve clinical outcomes in many types of cancer. However; their effects on outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal cancer specifically have yet to be elucidated. We conducted a retrospective study in an effort to shed light on this issue. We reviewed the records of 48 consecutively presenting patients with oropharyngeal cancer; and we performed immunohistochemistry to analyze their archived paraffin-embedded tissue samples for the presence of CD3-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We also used real-time polymerase chain reaction testing to look for human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) in the tumors. We found that patients with large numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD3high) had a significantly lower incidence of metastasis at presentation than did those with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD31low) (40.0 vs. 88.5%; p = 0.001), regardless of HPV status. When HPV status was taken into account, the correlation between a high CD3 count and a lower rate of metastasis was maintained in the HPV-positive patients but not in the HPV-negative patients. We also found that the CD3high patients had higher rates of overall survival and disease-free survival at 3 and 5 years than did the CD3low patients; however; these differences only approached but did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Rajjoub
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Nibbs RJB, Gilchrist DS, King V, Ferra A, Forrow S, Hunter KD, Graham GJ. The atypical chemokine receptor D6 suppresses the development of chemically induced skin tumors. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1884-92. [PMID: 17607362 PMCID: PMC1904306 DOI: 10.1172/jci30068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of CC chemokines, acting through CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) 1 to 5, is instrumental in shaping inflammatory responses. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that the atypical chemokine receptor D6 actively sequesters and destroys many of these proinflammatory CC chemokines. This is critical for effective resolution of inflammation in vivo. Inflammation can be protumorigenic, and proinflammatory CC chemokines have been linked with various aspects of cancer biology, yet there is scant evidence supporting a critical role for these molecules in de novo tumor formation. Here, we show that D6-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to cutaneous tumor development in response to chemical carcinogenesis protocols and, remarkably, that D6 deletion is sufficient to make resistant mouse strains susceptible to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conversely, transgenic D6 expression in keratinocytes dampens cutaneous inflammation and can confer considerable protection from tumor formation in susceptible backgrounds. Tumor susceptibility consistently correlated with the level of recruitment of T cells and mast cells, cell types known to support the development of skin tumors in mice. These data demonstrate the importance of proinflammatory CC chemokines in de novo tumorigenesis and reveal chemokine sequestration by D6 to be a novel and effective method of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J B Nibbs
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Neumann M, Dülsner E, Fürstenberger G, Müller-Decker K. The expression pattern of prostaglandin E synthase and EP receptor isoforms in normal mouse skin and preinvasive skin neoplasms. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:445-53. [PMID: 17437488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E(2), the predominant PG in skin, accumulates in experimentally produced mouse skin tumors. PGE(2) induces proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in vitro, epidermal hyperplasia and dysplasia, a promoted epidermis phenotype, and angiogenesis in keratin 5 promoter (K5) cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-transgenic NMRI mouse skin in vivo. PGE(2) is synthesized by COX-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic acid to PGH(2) and its conversion to PGE(2) by prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) isoforms. PGE(2) signals via PGE(2) receptor isoforms EP1-EP4. Here, we investigated the expression profiles of PGES and EP receptors in wild type NMRI mouse skin constitutively expressing COX-1 when compared with the hyperplastic/dysplastic skin of homozygous K5 COX-2-transgenic mice and papillomas of both genotypes, which, in addition to COX-1, overexpress COX-2. The three PGES are constitutively expressed in normal and transgenic skin independent of the COX expression status. In papillomas, the increased PGE(2) levels correlate with an increased expression of mPGES-1 and cPGES. All four EP receptors were expressed in normal and transgenic skin. Only EP3 was slightly increased in transgenic skin. In papillomas of both genotypes, the expression levels of EP1 and EP4 were low when compared with those in wild type back skin. EP2 was the predominant receptor in papillomas of wild type and transgenic mice. In papillomas of wild type mice EP3 levels were slightly elevated when compared with transgenic tumors. EP1 and EP2 were localized in basal keratinocytes, sebaceous glands and CD31-positive vessels. Thus, normal and preinvasive mouse skin express the complete protein repertoire for PGE(2) biosynthesis and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Neumann
- Section Eicosanoids and Tumor Development, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Vasovcak P, Krepelova A, Puchmajerova A, Spicak J, Voska L, Musilova A, Mestak J, Martinek J. A novel mutation of PTEN gene in a patient with Cowden syndrome with excessive papillomatosis of the lips, discrete cutaneous lesions, and gastrointestinal polyposis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:513-7. [PMID: 17489063 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3280d6ed4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Cowden syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by mucocutaneous lesions, gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis and an increased risk of breast, thyroid and endometrial carcinomas. Despite well described phenotypic expression of this disease, it is not easy to determine correct clinical diagnosis. In this case report we present a clinical history of a patient with Cowden syndrome. When he was 22 years old, he was found to have polyposis of gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was established. Owing to intensive belly spasms, as a 36-year-old he was sent to another gastroenterological department where the thorough gastrointestinal tract examination was performed. We found glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus; diffuse polyposis with large polyps within the stomach, and polyposis with small polyps in duodenum, colon, and rectum. We also noted the presence of excessive mucocutaneous papillomatosis of the lips and subtle skin lesions. Possible Cowden syndrome diagnosis was suggested. The same year he underwent plastic operation of the lips. During surgery, diffuse nodularity of the trachea was also noted. After plastic operation and assessment of Cowden syndrome as a possible diagnosis, he was recommended for a genetic examination. Diagnosis of Cowden syndrome was confirmed by sequencing analysis of the PTEN gene (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10). We found 'c.825_840delAAATACATTCTTCATA' deletion. This case affirmed that, for establishment of a correct diagnosis, especially for rare clinically overlapping syndromes, molecular testing is usually the only reliable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vasovcak
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Medical School, Hospital Motol, Czech Republic
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Honda K, Sakaguchi T, Sakai K, Schmedt C, Ramirez A, Jorcano JL, Tarakhovsky A, Kamisoyama H, Sakai T. Epidermal hyperplasia and papillomatosis in mice with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of csk. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:2074-81. [PMID: 17494055 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFKs) are believed to play critical roles in malignant transformation, as well as in growth, invasion and dissemination of neoplastic tissue. Inhibition of SFK-mediated signal transduction and activation of downstream targets inhibits tumor progression. To determine whether constitutive activity of SFK per se is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in vivo, we have generated a mouse model with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the SFK-negative regulator csk (Csk-K5 mice). Even though expression levels of SFKs were lower in C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-null keratinocytes, activity levels were higher than in control keratinocytes. At the age of 3 months, all Csk-K5 mice displayed signs of chronic inflammation in dermis and epidermal hyperplasia. About 19% of Csk-K5 mice (7 out of 36) developed papillomatous lesions. However, these lesions did not show any signs of neoplastic transformation over the next 8 months. Epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in Csk-K5 mice were associated with an increased number of stem cells in the interfollicular epidermis, an increased proliferation of basal keratinocytes and a delayed terminal differentiation of the suprabasal keratinocytes. Our results clearly demonstrate that even though SFK-mediated signaling promotes tumor progression, elevated activity of SFKs in vivo alone is not sufficient to induce neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Honda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Research Center/ND20, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Chinchurreta-Capote A, Trueba A, Hernández FJ, Piñas P, López S, Tena ME, Aznarez N, Portillo E, Castillón L. [Ocular findings in Carney complex]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 81:709-11. [PMID: 17199165 DOI: 10.4321/s0365-66912006001200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, characterized by myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation, endocrine tumors and ophthalmic abnormalities. DISCUSSION We report the ocular findings which usually precede the most serious component of the complex, the cardiac myxoma.
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Riaux A, Bourrat E, Pinquier L, Morel P, Dubertret L, Petit A. [Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud: a retrospective study of 9 cases]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:327-31. [PMID: 17483750 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)89185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud is a rare entity and a subject of controversy in terms of nosology. It has occasionally been regarded as a peculiar variant of acanthosis nigricans, pityriasis versicolor or amyloidosis. OBJECTIVES To discuss confluent and reticulate papillomatosis and its diagnostic criteria as a distinct entity. METHODS Retrospective study from 1994 to 2005 based on photographic files from 2 dermatology wards at the Saint Louis Hospital, Paris. Files containing a precise clinical description of the rash and at least one mycological element were included. RESULTS Nine cases were included (6 females, 3 males). These patients showed clinical features comprising elementary lesion, distribution and topography corresponding to the classical description; histology was also consistent with confluent and reticulate papillomatosis, with no signs of amylosis and negative fungal samples or failure of antifungal treatment. One patient was presenting associated acanthosis nigricans. Doxycycline was efficacious in 4 cases in which it was evaluated. CONCLUSION Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis is a definite entity and is not a superficial fungal disease. It must be distinguished from pityriasis versicolor as well as acanthosis nigricans and cutaneous amyloidosis. The therapeutic efficacy of oral cyclines (doxycycline or minocycline) appears to be an important distinguishing feature that can serve as a diagnostic criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riaux
- Service de Dermatologie 1, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris
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Wild PJ, Giedl J, Stoehr R, Junker K, Boehm S, van Oers JMM, Zwarthoff EC, Blaszyk H, Fine SW, Humphrey PA, Dehner LP, Amin MB, Epstein JI, Hartmann A. Genomic aberrations are rare in urothelial neoplasms of patients 19 years or younger. J Pathol 2007; 211:18-25. [PMID: 17072825 DOI: 10.1002/path.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial neoplasms in patients 19 years of age or younger are rare, and the data regarding clinical outcome are conflicting. Molecular data are not available. Urothelial tumours from 14 patients aged 4 to 19 years were analysed, including FGFR3 and TP53 mutation screening, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), UroVysion FISH analysis, polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV), microsatellite analysis using the NIH consensus panel for detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) and six markers for loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 9p, 9q, and 17p and immunohistochemistry for TP53, Ki-67, CK20 and the mismatch repair proteins (MRPs) hMSH2, hMLH1, and hMSH6. Based on the 2004 WHO classification, one urothelial papilloma, seven papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs), five low-grade, and one high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma were included. No multifocal tumours were found and recurrence was seen in only one patient with a urothelial papilloma. All patients were alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 3.0 years. We found no mutations in FGFR3, deletions of chromosome arms 9p, 9q or 17p, MSI or MRP loss, or HPV positivity in any of the patients. Three cases showed chromosome alterations in CGH analyses, urothelial dedifferentiation with CK20 overexpression, or aneuploidy, and one TP53 mutation with TP53 overexpression was found. Urothelial neoplasms in people younger than 20 years are predominantly low grade and are associated with a favourable clinical outcome. Genetic alterations frequently seen in older adults are extremely rare in young patients. Urothelial neoplasms in children and young adults appear to be biologically distinct and lack genetic instability in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Wild
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Chandramouli A, Shi J, Feng Y, Holubec H, Shanas RM, Bhattacharyya AK, Zheng W, Nelson MA. Haploinsufficiency of the cdc2l gene contributes to skin cancer development in mice. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:2028-35. [PMID: 17389615 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc2L gene encodes for the cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) protein. Loss of one allele of Cdc2L and reduced CDK11 expression has been observed in several cancers, implicating its association with carcinogenesis. To directly investigate the role of CDK11 in carcinogenesis, we first generated cdc2l haploinsufficient mice by gene trap technology and then studied the susceptibility of these gene-trapped (cdc2l(GT)) mice to chemical-mediated skin carcinogenesis in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Wild-type and cdc2l(GT) mice were subjected to a single topical application of initiation by DMBA and promotion twice a week for 19 weeks with TPA. At 19 weeks, 70% of the cdc2l(GT) mice and 60% of the cdc2l+/+ mice developed benign papillomas. However, there was an overall 3-fold increase in the average number of tumors per mouse observed in cdc2l(GT) mice as compared with cdc2l+/+ mice. There was also an increased frequency of larger papillomas in cdc2l(GT) mice. By using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, we found A to T transversion mutations at the 61st codon of H-ras gene in the papilloma tissue of both cdc2l(GT) mice and cdc2l+/+ mice. Ki-67 staining revealed increased proliferation in the papillomas of cdc2l(GT) (77.75%) as compared with cdc2l+/+ (30.84%) tumors. These studies are the first to show that loss of one allele of cdc2l gene, encoding CDK11, facilitates DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chandramouli
- Department of Pathology, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, LSN 550, Tucson, AZ, USA
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