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Valashani HT, Ahmadpour M, Naddaf SR, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Latifi A, Salimi M, Farahmand M, Naeimi S, Raissi V, Kazemirad E. Insights into the trypanothione system in antimony-resistant and sensitive Leishmania tropica clinical isolates. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107190. [PMID: 38508372 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pentavalent antimonials are the mainstay treatment against different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. The emergence of resistant isolates in endemic areas has led to treatment failure. Unraveling the underlying resistance mechanism would assist in improving the treatment strategies against resistant isolates. This study aimed to investigate the RNA expression level of glutathione synthetase (GS), Spermidine synthetase (SpS), trypanothione synthetase (TryS) genes involved in trypanothione synthesis, and thiol-dependent reductase (TDR) implicated in drug reduction, in antimony-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania tropica isolates. We investigated 11 antimony-resistant and 11 antimony-sensitive L. tropica clinical isolates from ACL patients. Drug sensitivity of amastigotes was determined in mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. The RNA expression level in the promastigote forms was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed a significant increase in the average expression of GS, SpS, and TrpS genes by 2.19, 1.56, and 2.33-fold in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones. The average expression of TDR was 1.24-fold higher in resistant isolates, which was insignificant. The highest correlation coefficient between inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and gene expression belonged to the TryS, GS, SpS, and TDR genes. Moreover, the intracellular thiol content was increased 2.17-fold in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones and positively correlated with IC50 values. Our findings suggest that overexpression of trypanothione biosynthesis genes and increased thiol content might play a key role in the antimony resistance of L. tropica clinical isolates. In addition, the diversity of gene expression in the trypanothione system and thiol content among L. tropica clinical isolates highlighted the phenotypic heterogeneity of antimony resistance among the parasite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Torkian Valashani
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadpour
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Latifi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Farahmand
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sabah Naeimi
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Raissi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemirad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liang X, Deng H, Xiong T, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Overexpression and biochemical characterization of a carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58 and its application to carboxyspermidine production. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:3858-3868. [PMID: 34932223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxyspermidine (C-Spd) is a potentially valuable polyamine carboxylate compound and an excellent building block for spermidine synthesis, which is a critical polyamine with significant implications for human health and longevity. C-Spd can also be used to prepare multivalent cationic lipids and modify nucleoside probes. Because of these positive effects on human health, C-Spd is of considerable interest as a food additive and pharmaceutical target. RESULTS A putative gene afcasdh from Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58, encoding carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase with C-Spd biosynthesis activity, was synthesized and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for overexpression. The recombinant AfCASDH was purified and fully characterized. The optimum temperature and pH for the recombinant enzyme were 30 °C and 7.5, respectively. The coupled catalytic strategy of AfCASDH and various NADPH regeneration systems were developed to enhance the efficient production of C-Spd compound. Finally, the maximum titer of C-Spd production successfully achieved 1.82 mmol L-1 with a yield of 91% by optimizing the catalytic conditions. CONCLUSION A novel AfCASDH from A. fabrum str. C58 was characterized that could catalyze the formation of C-Spd from putrescine and l-aspartate-β-semialdehyde (L-Asa). A whole-cell catalytic strategy coupled with NADPH regeneration was established successfully for C-Spd biosynthesis for the first time. The coupled system indicated that AfCASDH might provide a feasible method for the industrial production of C-Spd. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huaxiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianzhen Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Piñeyro MD, Arias D, Parodi-Talice A, Guerrero S, Robello C. Trypanothione Metabolism as Drug Target for Trypanosomatids. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1834-1846. [PMID: 33308115 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas Disease, African sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused by pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites, which have a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality in poor countries. The available drugs used as treatment have high toxicity, limited access, and can cause parasite drug resistance. Long-term treatments, added to their high toxicity, result in patients that give up therapy. Trypanosomatids presents a unique trypanothione based redox system, which is responsible for maintaining the redox balance. Therefore, inhibition of these essential and exclusive parasite's metabolic pathways, absent from the mammalian host, could lead to the development of more efficient and safe drugs. The system contains different redox cascades, where trypanothione and tryparedoxins play together a central role in transferring reduced power to different enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidases, glutaredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductases, through NADPH as a source of electrons. There is sufficient evidence that this complex system is essential for parasite survival and infection. In this review, we explore what is known in terms of essentiality, kinetic and structural data, and the development of inhibitors of enzymes from this trypanothione-based redox system. The recent advances and limitations in the development of lead inhibitory compounds targeting these enzymes have been discussed. The combination of molecular biology, bioinformatics, genomics, and structural biology is fundamental since the knowledge of unique features of the trypanothione-dependent system will provide tools for rational drug design in order to develop better treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Espinoza-Culupú A, Vázquez-Ramírez R, Farfán-López M, Mendes E, Notomi Sato M, da Silva Junior PI, Borges MM. Acylpolyamine Mygalin as a TLR4 Antagonist Based on Molecular Docking and In Vitro Analyses. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121624. [PMID: 33271940 PMCID: PMC7761503 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that are key regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, particularly TLR4, and they have been identified as potential drug targets for the treatment of disease. Several low-molecular-weight compounds are being considered as new drug targets for various applications, including as immune modulators. Mygalin, a 417 Da synthetic bis-acylpolyamine, is an analog of spermidine that has microbicidal activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of mygalin on the innate immune response based on a virtual screening (VS) and molecular docking analysis. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and the cell lines J774A.1 and RAW 264.7 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to confirm the data obtained in silico. Virtual screening and molecular docking suggested that mygalin binds to TLR4 via the protein myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) and LPS. Macrophages stimulated by mygalin plus LPS showed suppressed gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukine 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as inhibition of signaling protein p65 of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), resulting in decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α. These results indicate that mygalin has anti-inflammatory potential, being an attractive option to be explored. In addition, we reinforce the importance of virtual screening analysis to assist in the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Espinoza-Culupú
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Vázquez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 00-16, Mexico;
| | - Mariella Farfán-López
- Microbiology Molecular and Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima District 15081, Peru;
| | - Elizabeth Mendes
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Monamaris Marques Borges
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, USP/IBu/IPT, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (A.E.-C.); (P.I.d.S.J.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Miller M, Rogers JC, Badham MA, Cadenas L, Brightwell E, Adams J, Tyler C, Sebahar PR, Haussener TJ, Reddy HRK, Looper RE, Williams DL. Examination of a first-in-class bis-dialkylnorspermidine-terphenyl antibiotic in topical formulation against mono and polymicrobial biofilms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234832. [PMID: 33075071 PMCID: PMC7571676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-impaired tissue is a significant factor in chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers. Most, if not all, anti-biotics in clinical use have been optimized against planktonic phenotypes. In this study, an in vitro assessment was performed to determine the potential efficacy of a first-in-class series of antibiofilm antibiotics and compare outcomes to current clinical standards of care. The agent, CZ-01179, was formulated into a hydrogel and tested against mature biofilms of a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using two separate methods. In the first method, biofilms were grown on cellulose discs on an agar surface. Topical agents were spread on gauze and placed over the biofilms for 24 h. Biofilms were quantified and imaged with confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In the second method, biofilms were grown on bioabsorbable collagen coupons in a modified CDC biofilm reactor. Coupons were immersed in treatment for 24 h. The first method was limited in its ability to assess efficacy. Efficacy profiles against biofilms grown on collagen were more definitive, with CZ-01179 gel eradicating well-established biofilms to a greater degree compared to clinical standards. In conclusion, CZ-01179 may be a promising topical agent that targets the biofilm phenotype. Pre-clinical work is currently being performed to determine the translatable potential of CZ-01179 gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariël Miller
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jeffery C. Rogers
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Marissa A. Badham
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Lousili Cadenas
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Eian Brightwell
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jacob Adams
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Cole Tyler
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Sebahar
- Curza Global, LLC Provo, UT, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Travis J. Haussener
- Curza Global, LLC Provo, UT, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Hariprasada Reddy Kanna Reddy
- Curza Global, LLC Provo, UT, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Ryan E. Looper
- Curza Global, LLC Provo, UT, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Dustin L. Williams
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Curza Global, LLC Provo, UT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang W, Yu Z, Meng J, Zhou P, Luo T, Zhang J, Wu J, Lou Y. Rice phenolamindes reduce the survival of female adults of the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5778. [PMID: 32238850 PMCID: PMC7113316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infestation by herbivores, rice plants rapidly biosynthesize defense compounds by activating a series of defense-related pathways. However, which defensive compounds in rice are effective against herbivores remains largely unknown. We found that the infestation of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera gravid females significantly increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and H2O2, and reduced the level of ethylene in rice; levels of 11 of the tested 12 phenolamides (PAs) were subsequently enhanced. In contrast, WBPH nymph infestation had no effect on levels of JA, JA-Ile, ethylene and H2O2 in rice, and enhanced levels of only 2 of 12 PAs. Moreover, infestation by brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens gravid females also affected the production of these PAs differently. Bioassays revealed that 4 PAs - N-feruloylputrescine, N-feruloyltyramine, feruloylagmatine and N1,N10-diferuloylspermidine - were toxic to newly emerged WBPH female adults. Our results suggest that WBPH- or BPH-induced biosynthesis of PAs in rice seems to be shaped primarily by the specific profile of defense-related signals elicited by the herbivore and that PAs play a role in conferring the resistance to WBPH on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhuoxian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinpeng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pengyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang H, Liu R, Lu Q. Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061264. [PMID: 32168811 PMCID: PMC7144025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87288373; Fax: +86-27-87282111
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Osko JD, Roose BW, Shinsky SA, Christianson DW. Structure and Function of the Acetylpolyamine Amidohydrolase from the Deep Earth Halophile Marinobacter subterrani. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3755-3766. [PMID: 31436969 PMCID: PMC6736730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic cations that are essential for cellular function in all kingdoms of life. Polyamine metabolism is regulated by enzyme-catalyzed acetylation-deacetylation cycles in a fashion similar to the epigenetic regulation of histone function in eukaryotes. Bacterial polyamine deacetylases are particularly intriguing, because these enzymes share the fold and function of eukaryotic histone deacetylases. Recently, acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase from the deep earth halophile Marinobacter subterrani (msAPAH) was described. This Zn2+-dependent deacetylase shares 53% amino acid sequence identity with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase from Mycoplana ramosa (mrAPAH) and 22% amino acid sequence identity with the catalytic domain of histone deacetylase 10 from Danio rerio (zebrafish; zHDAC10), the eukaryotic polyamine deacetylase. The X-ray crystal structure of msAPAH, determined in complexes with seven different inhibitors as well as the acetate coproduct, shows how the chemical strategy of Zn2+-dependent amide hydrolysis and the catalytic specificity for cationic polyamine substrates is conserved in a subterranean halophile. Structural comparisons with mrAPAH reveal that an array of aspartate and glutamate residues unique to msAPAH enable the binding of one or more Mg2+ ions in the active site and elsewhere on the protein surface. Notwithstanding these differences, activity assays with a panel of acetylpolyamine and acetyllysine substrates confirm that msAPAH is a broad-specificity polyamine deacetylase, much like mrAPAH. The broad substrate specificity contrasts with the narrow substrate specificity of zHDAC10, which is highly specific for N8-acetylspermidine hydrolysis. Notably, quaternary structural features govern the substrate specificity of msAPAH and mrAPAH, whereas tertiary structural features govern the substrate specificity of zHDAC10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Roose
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | | | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
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Ashton NN, Allyn G, Porter ST, Haussener TJ, Sebahar PR, Looper RE, Williams DL. In vitro testing of a first-in-class tri-alkylnorspermidine-biaryl antibiotic in an anti-biofilm silicone coating. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:25-35. [PMID: 30769135 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infection is among the worst complication to prosthetic joint replacement procedures; once established on the implant surface, biofilms show strong recalcitrance to clinical antibiotic therapy, frequently requiring costly revision procedures and prolonged systemic antibiotics for their removal. A well-designed active release coating might assist host immunity in clearing bacterial contaminants within the narrow perioperative window and ultimately prevent microbial colonization of the joint prosthesis. A first-in-class compound (CZ-01127) was tested as the active release agent in a silicone (Si) coating using an in vitro dynamic flow model of surgical site contamination and compared with analogous coatings containing clinical gold-standard antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin; the CZ-01127 coating outperformed both vancomycin and gentamicin coatings and was the only to decrease the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inocula below detectable limits for the first 3 days. The antimicrobial activity of CZ-01127, and for comparison vancomycin and gentamicin, were characterized against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, serial passages, and serial dilution tests against established biofilms grown with a CBR 90 CDC biofilm reactor. Despite a similar MIC (1 µg/ml) and behavior in a 25-day serial passage analysis, CZ-01127 displayed much greater bactericidal activity against established biofilms and was the only to decrease biofilm colony forming units (CFUs) below detectable limits at the highest concentration tested (500 µg/ml). Coating release profiles were characterized using ATR-FTIR and displayed burst release kinetics within the decisive period of the perioperative window suggesting the silicon carrier is broadly useful for screening antibiotic compound for local delivery applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With an aging population, an increasing number of people are undergoing total joint replacement procedures in which diseased joint tissues are replaced with permanent metallic implants. Some of these procedures are burdened by costly and debilitating infections. A promising approach to prevent infections is the use of an antimicrobial coating on the surface of the implant which releases antibiotics into the surgical site to prevent infection. In this study, we tested a new antibiotic compound formulated in a silicone coating. Data showed that this compound was more effective at killing pathogenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria than two clinical gold-standard antibiotics-vancomycin and gentamicin-and could be a promising agent for antimicrobial coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Ashton
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gina Allyn
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott T Porter
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Travis J Haussener
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul R Sebahar
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dustin L Williams
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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10
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Williams DL, Epperson RT, Ashton NN, Taylor NB, Kawaguchi B, Olsen RE, Haussener TJ, Sebahar PR, Allyn G, Looper RE. In vivo analysis of a first-in-class tri-alkyl norspermidine-biaryl antibiotic in an active release coating to reduce the risk of implant-related infection. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:36-49. [PMID: 30710710 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a well-known and persisting problem. Active release coatings have promise to provide early protection to an implant by eradicating small colony biofilm contaminants or planktonic bacteria that can form biofilm. Traditional antibiotics can be limited as active release agents in that they have limited effect against biofilms and develop resistance at sub-lethal concentrations. A unique first-in-class compound (CZ-01127) was assessed as the active release agent in a silicone (Si)-based coating to prevent PJI in a sheep model of joint space infection. Titanium (Ti) plugs contained a porous coated Ti (PCTi) region and polymer-coated region. Plugs were implanted into a femoral condyle of sheep to assess the effect of the Si polymer on cancellous bone ingrowth, the effect of CZ-01127 on bone ingrowth, and the ability of CZ-01127 to prevent PJI. Microbiological results showed that CZ-01127 was able to eradicate bacteria in the local region of the implanted plugs. Data further showed that Si did not adversely affect bone ingrowth. However, bacteria that reached the joint space (synovium) were not fully eradicated. Outcomes suggested that the CZ-01127 coating provided local protection to the implant system in a challenging model, the design of which could be beneficial for testing future antimicrobial therapies for PJI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is now commonplace, and constitutes an underlying problem that patients and physicians face. Active release antibiotic coatings have potential to prevent these infections. Traditional antibiotics are limited in their ability to eradicate bacteria that reside in biofilms, and are more susceptible to resistance development. This study addressed these limitations by testing the efficacy of a unique antimicrobial compound in a coating that was tested in a challenging sheep model of PJI. The unique coating was able to eradicate bacteria and prevent infection in the environment adjacent to the implant. Bacteria that escaped into the joint space still caused infection, yet benchmark data can be used to optimize the coating and translate it toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Williams
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Richard T Epperson
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nicholas N Ashton
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nicholas B Taylor
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Brooke Kawaguchi
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Raymond E Olsen
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Travis J Haussener
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul R Sebahar
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gina Allyn
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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11
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Song J, Shan Z, Mao J, Teng W. Serum polyamine metabolic profile in autoimmune thyroid disease patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:727-736. [PMID: 30725486 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyamines are indispensable polycations and play important physiological roles in living cells. Some polyamine metabolites have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The aims of this study were to profile polyamine metabolites in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and predict whether polyamine metabolites are associated with thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibodies or disease progression. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS A total of 136 participants were recruited, including Graves' disease (GD) (n = 36), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (n = 33) and thyroid autoantibody-positive (pTAb) (n = 29) patients and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Fourteen polyamine metabolites, including polyamine precursors, polyamines and polyamine catabolite, were measured by UFLC-MS/MS RESULTS: Both GD and HT patients had higher L-arginine, L-ornithine, lysine and agmatine levels and lower putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane, spermine, N-acetylputrescine levels than HCs. Some polyamine metabolite levels were different only in GD or HT patients compared to HCs: GD patients had significantly higher spermidine, N-acetylspermidine and γ-aminobutyric acid and lower cadaverine, whereas HT patients had significantly decreased N-acetylspermine. Only spermine and N-acetylspermine were significantly lower in pTAb than HCs. The spermine:spermidine ratio was significantly reduced in all AITD patients. In addition, spermine was negatively correlated with thyroid-specific antibodies grade. N-acetylspermidine might be a risk factor for pTAb progression to overt hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the HCs, most metabolites of GD and HT showed similar patterns, suggesting the possibility of a common pathophysiological basis or metabolic pathway. Moreover, pTAb progression to overt hypothyroidism may be related to high N-acetylspermidine. Thyroid autoimmunity was associated with low spermine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyuan Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pavarini DP, Selegato DM, Castro-Gamboa I, do Sacramento LVS, Furlan M. Ecological Insights to Track Cytotoxic Compounds among Maytenus ilicifolia Living Individuals and Clones of an Ex Situ Collection. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061160. [PMID: 30909567 PMCID: PMC6471723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is key for maintenance of life and source of richness. Nevertheless, concepts such as phenotype expression are also pivotal to understand how chemical diversity varies in a living organism. Sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids (SPAs) and quinonemethide triterpenes (QMTs) accumulate in root bark of Celastraceae plants. However, despite their known bioactive traits, there is still a lack of evidence regarding their ecological functions. Our present contribution combines analytical tools to study clones and individuals of Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) kept alive in an ex situ collection and determine whether or not these two major biosynthetic pathways could be switched on simultaneously. The relative concentration of the QMTs maytenin (1) and pristimerin (2), and the SPA aquifoliunin E1 (3) were tracked in raw extracts by HPLC-DAD and 1H-NMR. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) was used to group individuals according their ability to accumulate these metabolites. Semi-quantitative analysis showed an extensive occurrence of QMT in most individuals, whereas SPA was only detected in minor abundance in five samples. Contrary to QMTs, SPAs did not accumulate extensively, contradicting the hypothesis of two different biosynthetic pathways operating simultaneously. Moreover, the production of QMT varied significantly among samples of the same ex situ collection, suggesting that the terpene contents in root bark extracts were not dependent on abiotic effects. HCA results showed that QMT occurrence was high regardless of the plant age. This data disproves the hypothesis that QMT biosynthesis was age-dependent. Furthermore, clustering analysis did not group clones nor same-age samples together, which might reinforce the hypothesis over gene regulation of the biosynthesis pathways. Indeed, plants from the ex situ collection produced bioactive compounds in a singular manner, which postulates that rhizosphere environment could offer ecological triggers for phenotypical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petinatti Pavarini
- Instituto de Química, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil.
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Cloreen Park, Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5HN, UK.
| | - Denise Medeiros Selegato
- Instituto de Química, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil.
| | - Ian Castro-Gamboa
- Instituto de Química, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Vitor Silva do Sacramento
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, University, Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil.
| | - Maysa Furlan
- Instituto de Química, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil.
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13
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Yagüe-Capilla M, García-Caballero D, Aguilar-Pereyra F, Castillo-Acosta VM, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Vidal AE, González-Pacanowska D. Base excision repair plays an important role in the protection against nitric oxide- and in vivo-induced DNA damage in Trypanosoma brucei. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:59-71. [PMID: 30472364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) initiates the base excision repair pathway by excising uracil from DNA. We have previously shown that Trypanosoma brucei cells defective in UNG exhibit reduced infectivity thus demonstrating the relevance of this glycosylase for survival within the mammalian host. In the early steps of the immune response, nitric oxide (NO) is released by phagocytes, which in combination with oxygen radicals produce reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These species can react with DNA generating strand breaks and base modifications including deaminations. Since deaminated cytosines are the main substrate for UNG, we hypothesized that the glycosylase might confer protection towards nitrosative stress. Our work establishes the occurrence of genotoxic damage in Trypanosoma brucei upon exposure to NO in vitro and shows that deficient base excision repair results in increased levels of damage in DNA and a hypermutator phenotype. We also evaluate the incidence of DNA damage during infection in vivo and show that parasites recovered from mice exhibit higher levels of DNA strand breaks, base deamination and repair foci compared to cells cultured in vitro. Notably, the absence of UNG leads to reduced infectivity and enhanced DNA damage also in animal infections. By analysing mRNA and protein levels, we found that surviving UNG-KO trypanosomes highly express tryparedoxin peroxidase involved in trypanothione/tryparedoxin metabolism. These observations suggest that the immune response developed by the host enhances the activation of genes required to counteract oxidative stress and emphasize the importance of DNA repair pathways in the protection to genotoxic and oxidative stress in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Caballero
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Pereyra
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor M Castillo-Acosta
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio E Vidal
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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14
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Keinänen TA, Grigorenko N, Khomutov AR, Huang Q, Uimari A, Alhonen L, Hyvönen MT, Vepsäläinen J. Controlling the regioselectivity and stereospecificity of FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases with the use of amine-attached guide molecules as conformational modulators. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180527. [PMID: 30006473 PMCID: PMC6131205 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes generally display strict stereospecificity and regioselectivity for their substrates. Here by using FAD-dependent human acetylpolyamine oxidase (APAO), human spermine (Spm) oxidase (SMOX) and yeast polyamine oxidase (Fms1), we demonstrate that these fundamental properties of the enzymes may be regulated using simple guide molecules, being either covalently attached to polyamines or used as a supplement to the substrate mixtures. APAO, which naturally metabolizes achiral N1-acetylated polyamines, displays aldehyde-controllable stereospecificity with chiral 1-methylated polyamines, like (R)- and (S)-1-methylspermidine (1,8-diamino-5-azanonane) (1-MeSpd). Among the novel N1-acyl derivatives of MeSpd, isonicotinic acid (P4) or benzoic acid (Bz) with (R)-MeSpd had Km of 3.6 ± 0.6/1.2 ± 0.7 µM and kcat of 5.2 ± 0.6/4.6 ± 0.7 s-1 respectively, while N1 -AcSpd had Km 8.2 ± 0.4 µM and kcat 2.7 ± 0.0 s-1 On the contrary, corresponding (S)-MeSpd amides were practically inactive (kcat < 0.03 s-1) but they retained micromole level Km for APAO. SMOX did not metabolize any of the tested compounds (kcat < 0.05 s-1) that acted as non-competitive inhibitors having Ki ≥ 155 µM for SMOX. In addition, we tested (R,R)-1,12-bis-methylspermine (2,13-diamino-5,10-diazatetradecane) (R,R)-(Me2Spm) and (S,S)-Me2Spm as substrates for Fms1. Fms1 preferred (S,S)- to (R,R)-diastereoisomer, but with notably lower kcat in comparison with spermine. Interestingly, Fms1 was prone to aldehyde supplementation in its regioselectivity, i.e. the cleavage site of spermidine. Thus, aldehyde supplementation to generate aldimines or N-terminal substituents in polyamines, i.e. attachment of guide molecule, generates novel ligands with altered charge distribution changing the binding and catalytic properties with polyamine oxidases. This provides means for exploiting hidden capabilities of polyamine oxidases for controlling their regioselectivity and stereospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo A Keinänen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Nikolay Grigorenko
- BASF Schweiz AG, Dispersions and Pigments Division, Klybeckstrasse 141, P.O. Box CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- MacCHESS at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-8001, U.S.A
| | - Anne Uimari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Natural Resources Division, Neulaniementie 5, Kuopio FI-70210, Finland
| | - Leena Alhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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15
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Zhou XK, Mi QL, Yao JH, Wu H, Liu XM, Li YD, Duan YQ, Chen JH, Dang LZ, Mo MH, Li XM, Li WJ. Sphingomonas tabacisoli sp. nov., a member of the genus Sphingomonas, isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2574-2579. [PMID: 29944093 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain X1-8T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from the tobacco produce base located in Kunming, south-west PR China. Cells showed oxidase-negative and catalase-positive reactions and were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Growth occurred at 25-40 °C and pH 6.0-8.0 with optimal growth at 30-35 °C, pH 7.0. The major respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10. C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) were identified as major cellular fatty acids. The profile of polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified glycolipid. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that X1-8T should be affiliated to the genus Sphingomonasand formed a clade with most closely related species Sphingomonas changbaiensisNBRC 104936T. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity analysis indicated that X1-8T had the highest similarity with S. changbaiensisNBRC 104936T (98.4 %) and lower than 96.0 % with other species of the genus Sphingomonas. DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that X1-8T represented a novel genomic species of the genus Sphingomonas. The characteristics determined in the polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that X1-8T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas tabacisoli sp. nov. (type strain X1-8T=KCTC 62032T=CGMCC 1.16275T) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Kui Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Qi-Li Mi
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Yao
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Heng Wu
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ming Liu
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Yuan-Dong Li
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Duan
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Li-Zhi Dang
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Ming-He Mo
- 1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
- 3Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan Province 650091, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- 2China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- 1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
- 4State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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16
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Wang D, Liu Q, Wu D, He B, Li J, Mao C, Wang G, Qian H. Isothermal Self-Assembly of Spermidine-DNA Nanostructure Complex as a Functional Platform for Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15504-15516. [PMID: 29652478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmable DNA nanostructure self-assembly offers great potentials in nanomedicine, drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. However, due to the intrinsically negatively charged DNA backbones, the instability of DNA nanostructures in physiological settings poses serious challenges to their practical applications. To overcome this challenge, a strategy that combines the magnesium-free DNA self-assembly and functionalization is proposed in this study. We hypothesize that naturally abundant spermidine may not only mediate the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures, but also shield them from harsh physiological environments. As a proof of concept, a DNA nanoprism is designed and synthesized successfully through spermidine. It is found that spermidine can mediate the isothermal self-assembly of DNA nanoprisms. Compared to conventional Mg2+-assembled DNA nanostructures, the spermidine-DNA nanoprism complex shows higher thermal stability and better enzymatic resistance than Mg2+-assembled DNA nanoprisms, and more importantly, it has a much higher cellular uptake efficacy in multiple cancerous cell lines. The internalization mechanism is identified as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. To demonstrate the suitability of this new nanomaterial for biomedical applications, an mTOR siRNA, after being conjugated into the complex, is efficiently delivered into cancer cells and shows excellent gene knockdown efficacy and anticancer capability. These findings indicate that the spermidine-DNA complex nanomaterials might be a promising platform for biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Binfeng He
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Guansong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
| | - Hang Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037 , China
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Wotanis CK, Brennan WP, Angotti AD, Villa EA, Zayner JP, Mozina AN, Rutkovsky AC, Sobe RC, Bond WG, Karatan E. Relative contributions of norspermidine synthesis and signaling pathways to the regulation of Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186291. [PMID: 29045455 PMCID: PMC5646818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyamine norspermidine is one of the major polyamines synthesized by Vibrionales and has also been found in various aquatic organisms. Norspermidine is among the environmental signals that positively regulate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. The NspS/MbaA signaling complex detects extracellular norspermidine and mediates the response to this polyamine. Norspermidine binding to the NspS periplasmic binding protein is thought to inhibit the phosphodiesterase activity of MbaA, increasing levels of the biofilm-promoting second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, thus enhancing biofilm formation. V. cholerae can also synthesize norspermidine using the enzyme NspC as well as import it from the environment. Deletion of the nspC gene was shown to reduce accumulation of bacteria in biofilms, leading to the conclusion that intracellular norspermidine is also a positive regulator of biofilm formation. Because V. cholerae uses norspermidine to synthesize the siderophore vibriobactin it is possible that intracellular norspermidine is required to obtain sufficient amounts of iron, which is also necessary for robust biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to assess the relative contributions of intracellular and extracellular norspermidine to the regulation of biofilm formation in V. cholerae. We show the biofilm defect of norspermidine synthesis mutants does not result from an inability to produce vibriobactin as vibriobactin synthesis mutants do not have diminished biofilm forming abilities. Furthermore, our work shows that extracellular, but not intracellular norspermidine, is mainly responsible for promoting biofilm formation. We establish that the NspS/MbaA signaling complex is the dominant mediator of biofilm formation in response to extracellular norspermidine, rather than norspermidine synthesized by NspC or imported into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin K. Wotanis
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William P. Brennan
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Angotti
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Villa
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Josiah P. Zayner
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N. Mozina
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandria C. Rutkovsky
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Sobe
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Whitney G. Bond
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ece Karatan
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lin SY, Hameed A, Chiu KY, Liu YC, Hsu YH, Lai WA, Young CC. Olivibacter composti sp. nov., isolated from compost collected at a greenhouse. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:148-152. [PMID: 28211312 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used to characterize a presumably novel bacterium, designated strain CC-KYC063T, isolated from a compost sample collected at a greenhouse facility within Taiwan. Strain CC-KYC063T was Gram-stain-negative and aerobic, able to grow at 15-37 °C (optimal 30 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CC-KYC063T showed highest similarity to Olivibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 060T (96.2 %) and Olivibacter terrae Jip13T (95.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polyamine pattern showed a predominance of sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-KYC063T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-KYC063T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Olivibacter, for which the name Olivibacter composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-KYC063T (=BCRC 80939T=JCM 31198T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Asif Hameed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Yeh Chiu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Han Hsu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-An Lai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Chung Young
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Gu Z, Liu Y, Wang N, Jiao N, Shen L, Liu H, Zhou Y, Liu X, Li J, Liang J, Busse HJ. Chelatococcus reniformis sp. nov., isolated from a glacier. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4525-4529. [PMID: 27503219 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, reniform bacterial strain, B2974T, was isolated from an ice core of the Muztagh Glacier, on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Strain B2974T grew optimally at pH 7.0-7.5 and 25-30 °C in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain B2974T was closely related to Chelatococcus asaccharovorans LMG 25503T at a level of 97.1 %. The major quinone of strain B2974T was ubiquinone Q10. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. sym-Homospermidine was the major polyamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 64 mol%. In DNA-DNA hybridization tests, strain B2974T shared 49.32 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of Chelatococcus asaccharovorans LMG 25503T. Based on the results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain B2974T was considered as a novel species of the genus Chelatococcus, for which the name Chelatococcus reniformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B2974T (=JCM 30308T=CGMCC 1.12919T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Gu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hongcan Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yuguang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jiule Li
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jingnan Liang
- Institute of Microbiology, Instrument Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Mikrobiologie Veterinärmedizinische, Universität Wien Veterinärplatz, Wien 1A-1210, Austria
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Yoshida T, Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Takao K, Sugita Y, Yamamoto K, Ishihama A, Igarashi K, Kashiwagi K. Effect of Spermidine Analogues on Cell Growth of Escherichia coli Polyamine Requiring Mutant MA261. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159494. [PMID: 27434546 PMCID: PMC4951125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of spermidine analogues [norspermidine (NSPD, 33), spermidine (SPD, 34), homospermidine (HSPD, 44) and aminopropylcadaverine (APCAD, 35)] on cell growth were studied using Escherichia coli polyamine-requiring mutant MA261. Cell growth was compared at 32°C, 37°C, and 42°C. All four analogues were taken up mainly by the PotABCD spermidine-preferential uptake system. The degree of stimulation of cell growth at 32°C and 37°C was NSPD ≥ SPD ≥ HSPD > APCAD, and SPD ≥ HSPD ≥ NSPD > APCAD, respectively. However, at 42°C, it was HSPD » SPD > NSPD > APCAD. One reason for this is HSPD was taken up effectively compared with other triamines. In addition, since natural polyamines (triamines and teteraamines) interact mainly with RNA, and the structure of RNA is more flexible at higher temperatures, HSPD probably stabilized RNA more tightly at 42°C. We have thus far found that 20 kinds of protein syntheses are stimulated by polyamines at the translational level. Among them, synthesis of OppA, RpoE and StpA was more strongly stimulated by HSPD at 42°C than at 37°C. Stabilization of the initiation region of oppA and rpoE mRNA was tighter by HSPD at 42°C than 37°C determined by circular dichroism (CD). The degree of polyamine stimulation of OppA, RpoE and StpA synthesis by NSPD, SPD and APCAD was smaller than that by HSPD at 42°C. Thus, the degree of stimulation of cell growth by spermidine analogues at the different temperatures is dependent on the stimulation of protein synthesis by some components of the polyamine modulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15–8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288–0025, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15–8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288–0025, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15–8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288–0025, Japan
| | - Koichi Takao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Josai University, 1–1 Keyaki-dai, Sakado, Saitama, 350–0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Josai University, 1–1 Keyaki-dai, Sakado, Saitama, 350–0295, Japan
| | - Kaneyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184–8584, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihama
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184–8584, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260–0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260–8675, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15–8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288–0025, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lin SY, Wu YH, Hameed A, Liu YC, Young CC. Ammoniphilus resinae sp. nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from resin fragments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:3010-3016. [PMID: 27151144 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20-37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0-9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores were observed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). According to the DNA-DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus, for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Asif Hameed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Chung Young
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Khomutov MA, Keinanen TA, Hyvonen MT, Weisell J, Vepsalainen J, Alhonen L, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. [Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3-Methylspermidines]. Bioorg Khim 2016; 41:612-8. [PMID: 26762100 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Earlier unknown enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-1,8-diamino-3-methyl-4-azaoctane's (3-MeSpd's) were synthesized with high overall yields and optical purity starting from commercially available R- and S-isomers of N-Boc-2-aminopropanol-1. Application of R- and S-isomers of 3-MeSpd for the investigation of the stereospecificity of spermidine transporter and peculiarities of deoxyhypusine synthase reaction are discussed.
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Zhou ZQ, Fan HX, He RR, Xiao J, Tsoi B, Lan KH, Kurihara H, So KF, Yao XS, Gao H. Lycibarbarspermidines A-O, New Dicaffeoylspermidine Derivatives from Wolfberry, with Activities against Alzheimer's Disease and Oxidation. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:2223-2237. [PMID: 26953624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, lycibarbarspermidines A-O (1-15), were isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (wolfberry). The structures were unambiguously determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, a rare kind of plant secondary metabolites, are primarily distributed in the family of Solanaceae. Only six compounds were structurally identified, and all of them are acyclic aglycones. Compounds 1-15 are the first glycosidic products of dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, and compounds 14-15 are the first cyclization products of dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives. Moreover, dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives were first isolated and identified from wolfberry. The short-term memory assay on a transgenic fly Alzheimer's disease (AD) model showed that 1-15 exhibited different levels of anti-AD activity. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay revealed that 1-15 all displayed antioxidant capacity. Both anti-AD and antioxidant functions are related to the effects of wolfberry. Therefore, dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives are considered beneficial constituents responsible for the antiaging, neuroprotective, anti-AD, and antioxidant effects of wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kang-Hua Lan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Abela L, Simmons L, Steindl K, Schmitt B, Mastrangelo M, Joset P, Papuc M, Sticht H, Baumer A, Crowther LM, Mathis D, Rauch A, Plecko B. N(8)-acetylspermidine as a potential plasma biomarker for Snyder-Robinson syndrome identified by clinical metabolomics. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:131-7. [PMID: 26174906 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool to study human metabolism in health and disease. Comparative statistical analysis of untargeted metabolic profiles can reveal perturbations of metabolite levels in diseases and thus has the potential to identify novel biomarkers. Here we have applied a simultaneous genetic-metabolomic approach in twin boys with epileptic encephalopathy of unclear etiology. Clinical exome sequencing identified a novel missense mutation in the spermine synthase gene (SMS) that causes Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS). Untargeted plasma metabolome analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of N(8)-acetylspermidine, a precursor derivative of spermine biosynthesis, as a potential novel plasma biomarker for SRS. This result was verified in a third patient with genetically confirmed SRS. This study illustrates the potential of metabolomics as a translational technique to support exome data on a functional and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Abela
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luke Simmons
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmitt
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, ICP, Via Castelvetro 24, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal Joset
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Papuc
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lisa M Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sagor GHM, Inoue M, Kim DW, Kojima S, Niitsu M, Berberich T, Kusano T. The polyamine oxidase from lycophyte Selaginella lepidophylla (SelPAO5), unlike that of angiosperms, back-converts thermospermine to norspermidine. FEBS Lett 2015. [PMID: 26348400 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.xyb08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the phylogeny of plant polyamine oxidases (PAOs), clade III members from angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis thaliana PAO5 and Oryza sativa PAO1, prefer spermine and thermospermine as substrates and back-convert both of these substrates to spermidine in vitro. A clade III representative of lycophytes, SelPAO5 from Selaginella lepidophylla, also prefers spermine and thermospermine but instead back-converts these substrates to spermidine and norspermidine, respectively. This finding indicates that the clade III PAOs of lycophytes and angiosperms oxidize thermospermine at different carbon positions. We discuss the physiological significance of this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H M Sagor
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Inoue
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaru Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Thomas Berberich
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Laboratory Center, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomonobu Kusano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Sagor GHM, Inoue M, Kim DW, Kojima S, Niitsu M, Berberich T, Kusano T. The polyamine oxidase from lycophyte Selaginella lepidophylla (SelPAO5), unlike that of angiosperms, back-converts thermospermine to norspermidine. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3071-8. [PMID: 26348400 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the phylogeny of plant polyamine oxidases (PAOs), clade III members from angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis thaliana PAO5 and Oryza sativa PAO1, prefer spermine and thermospermine as substrates and back-convert both of these substrates to spermidine in vitro. A clade III representative of lycophytes, SelPAO5 from Selaginella lepidophylla, also prefers spermine and thermospermine but instead back-converts these substrates to spermidine and norspermidine, respectively. This finding indicates that the clade III PAOs of lycophytes and angiosperms oxidize thermospermine at different carbon positions. We discuss the physiological significance of this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H M Sagor
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Inoue
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaru Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Thomas Berberich
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Laboratory Center, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomonobu Kusano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Akbar A, Chen C, Zhu L, Xin K, Cheng J, Yang Q, Zhao L, Zhang L, Shen X. Sphingomonas hylomeconis sp. nov., isolated from the stem of Hylomecon japonica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4025-4031. [PMID: 26286474 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain GZJT-2T, was isolated from the stem of Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl et Kündig collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. Cells of strain GZJT-2T were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GZJT-2T was a member of the genus Sphingomonas, with sequence similarities of 92.1-96.9 % to type strains of recognized species of the genus Sphingomonas (92.1 % to Sphingomonas oligoaromativorans SY-6T and 96.9 % to Sphingomonas oligophenolica JCM 12082T). Strain GZJT-2T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory quinone and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C14 : 0 2-OH. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid, four unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids were detected in the polar lipid profile. The DNA G+C content was 62.5 ± 0.3 mol%. On the basis of data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies, strain GZJT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas hylomeconis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GZJT-2T ( = CCTCC AB 2013304T = KCTC 42739T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chaoqiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Kaiyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Juanli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
- Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Hyvönen MT, Khomutov M, Petit M, Weisell J, Kochetkov SN, Alhonen L, Vepsäläinen J, Khomutov AR, Keinänen TA. Enantiomers of 3-methylspermidine selectively modulate deoxyhypusine synthesis and reveal important determinants for spermidine transport. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1417-24. [PMID: 25689365 DOI: 10.1021/cb500938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is essential for cell proliferation, becoming functionally active only after post-translational conversion of a specific Lys to hypusine [N(ε)-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) is the rate-limiting enzyme of this two-step process, and the polyamine spermidine is the only natural donor of the butylamine group for this reaction, which is very conserved-hypusine biosynthesis suffers last when the intracellular spermidine pool is depleted. DHS has a very strict substrate specificity, and only a few spermidine analogs are substrates of the enzyme and can support long-term growth of spermidine-depleted cells. Herein, we compared the biological properties of earlier unknown enantiomers of 3-methylspermidine (3-MeSpd) in deoxyhypusine synthesis, in supporting cell growth and in polyamine transport. Long-term treatment of DU145 cells with α-difluoromethylornithine (inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis) and (R)-3-MeSpd did not cause depletion of hypusinated eIF5A, and the cells were still able to grow, whereas the combination of α-difluoromethylornithine with a racemate or (S)-3-MeSpd caused cessation of cell growth. Noticeably, DHS preferred the (R)- over the (S)-enantiomer as a substrate. (R)-3-MeSpd competed with [(14)C]-labeled spermidine for cellular uptake less efficiently than the (S)-3-MeSpd (Ki = 141 μM vs 19 μM, respectively). The cells treated with racemic 3-MeSpd accumulated intracellularly mainly (S)-3-MeSpd, but not DHS substrate (R)-3-MeSpd, explaining the inability of the racemate to support long-term growth. The distinct properties of 3-MeSpd enantiomers can be exploited in designing polyamine uptake inhibitors, facilitating drug delivery and modulating deoxyhypusine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi T Hyvönen
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- ‡Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marine Petit
- §Université Paris Diderot - Paris, U.F.R. Sciences du Vivant, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Janne Weisell
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- ‡Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Leena Alhonen
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- ‡Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tuomo A Keinänen
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Beig M, Oellien F, Garoff L, Noack S, Krauth-Siegel RL, Selzer PM. Trypanothione reductase: a target protein for a combined in vitro and in silico screening approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003773. [PMID: 26042772 PMCID: PMC4456413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal to identify novel trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitors, we performed a combination of in vitro and in silico screening approaches. Starting from a highly diverse compound set of 2,816 compounds, 21 novel TR inhibiting compounds could be identified in the initial in vitro screening campaign against T. cruzi TR. All 21 in vitro hits were used in a subsequent similarity search-based in silico screening on a database containing 200,000 physically available compounds. The similarity search resulted in a data set containing 1,204 potential TR inhibitors, which was subjected to a second in vitro screening campaign leading to 61 additional active compounds. This corresponds to an approximately 10-fold enrichment compared to the initial pure in vitro screening. In total, 82 novel TR inhibitors with activities down to the nM range could be identified proving the validity of our combined in vitro/in silico approach. Moreover, the four most active compounds, showing IC50 values of <1 μM, were selected for determining the inhibitor constant. In first on parasites assays, three compounds inhibited the proliferation of bloodstream T. brucei cell line 449 with EC50 values down to 2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Beig
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Frank Oellien
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Linnéa Garoff
- Universität Heidelberg, Biochemie-Zentrum (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | | | - Paul M. Selzer
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, Schwabenheim, Germany
- Universität Tübingen, Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Tübingen, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Cervelli M, Polticelli F, Angelucci E, Di Muzio E, Stano P, Mariottini P. Pacific oyster polyamine oxidase: a protein missing link in invertebrate evolution. Amino Acids 2015; 47:949-61. [PMID: 25655384 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidases catalyse the oxidation of polyamines and acetylpolyamines and are responsible for the polyamine interconversion metabolism in animal cells. Polyamine oxidases from yeast can oxidize spermine, N(1)-acetylspermine, and N(1)-acetylspermidine, while in vertebrates two different enzymes, namely spermine oxidase and acetylpolyamine oxidase, specifically catalyse the oxidation of spermine, and N(1)-acetylspermine/N(1)-acetylspermidine, respectively. In this work we proved that the specialized vertebrate spermine and acetylpolyamine oxidases have arisen from an ancestor invertebrate polyamine oxidase with lower specificity for polyamine substrates, as demonstrated by the enzymatic activity of the mollusc polyamine oxidase characterized here. This is the first report of an invertebrate polyamine oxidase, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (CgiPAO), overexpressed as a recombinant protein. This enzyme was biochemically characterized and demonstrated to be able to oxidase both N(1)-acetylspermine and spermine, albeit with different efficiency. Circular dichroism analysis gave an estimation of the secondary structure content and modelling of the three-dimensional structure of this protein and docking studies highlighted active site features. The availability of this pluripotent enzyme can have applications in crystallographic studies and pharmaceutical biotechnologies, including anticancer therapy as a source of hydrogen peroxide able to induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy,
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31
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Lin JCY, Chiang BY, Chou CC, Chen TC, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Lin CH. Glutathionylspermidine in the modification of protein SH groups: the enzymology and its application to study protein glutathionylation. Molecules 2015; 20:1452-74. [PMID: 25599150 PMCID: PMC6272389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is very susceptible to reactive oxygen species. In response; posttranslational thiol modifications such as reversible disulfide bond formation have arisen as protective mechanisms against undesired in vivo cysteine oxidation. In Gram-negative bacteria a major defense mechanism against cysteine overoxidation is the formation of mixed protein disulfides with low molecular weight thiols such as glutathione and glutathionylspermidine. In this review we discuss some of the mechanistic aspects of glutathionylspermidine in prokaryotes and extend its potential use to eukaryotes in proteomics and biochemical applications through an example with tissue transglutaminase and its S-glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ching-Yao Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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Oliverio S, Corazzari M, Sestito C, Piredda L, Ippolito G, Piacentini M. The spermidine analogue GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane) induces autophagy through a mechanism not involving the hypusination of eIF5A. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2767-76. [PMID: 25218134 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous administration of spermidine promotes longevity in many model organisms. It has been proposed that this anti-age activity of spermidine is related to this polyamine's ability to promote autophagy. Since spermidine is the substrate for the eIF5A post-translational modification by hypusination, we asked ourselves whether mature eIF5A may represent the link between spermidine and autophagy induction. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited the conversion of native eIF5A by a pharmacological approach, using the N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane (GC7), a spermidine analogue which competitively and reversibly inhibits deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). In addition, we also employed genetic approaches by ablating both the eIF5A protein itself and DHS, the rate limiting enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lysine to hypusine. Collectively the data presented in this study demonstrate that the mature eIF5A (hypusinated form) is not involved in the autophagic pathway and that the inhibitor of DHS, GC7, produces off-target effect(s) resulting in marked induction of basal autophagy. These data are relevant in light of the fact that GC7 is considered a potent and selective inhibitor of DHS and is a potential candidate drug for cancer, diabetes and HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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33
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Sousa AF, Gomes-Alves AG, Benítez D, Comini MA, Flohé L, Jaeger T, Passos J, Stuhlmann F, Tomás AM, Castro H. Genetic and chemical analyses reveal that trypanothione synthetase but not glutathionylspermidine synthetase is essential for Leishmania infantum. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:229-38. [PMID: 24853758 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypanothione is a unique and essential redox metabolite of trypanosomatid parasites, the biosynthetic pathway of which is regarded as a promising target for antiparasitic drugs. Synthesis of trypanothione occurs by the consecutive conjugation of two glutathione molecules to spermidine. Both reaction steps are catalyzed by trypanothione synthetase (TRYS), a molecule known to be essential in Trypanosoma brucei. However, other trypanosomatids (including some Leishmania species and Trypanosoma cruzi) potentially express one additional enzyme, glutathionylspermidine synthetase (GSPS), capable of driving the first step of trypanothione synthesis yielding glutathionylspermidine. Because this monothiol can substitute for trypanothione in some reactions, the possibility existed that TRYS was redundant in parasites harboring GSPS. To clarify this issue, the functional relevance of both GSPS and TRYS was investigated in Leishmania infantum (Li). Employing a gene-targeting approach, we generated a gsps(-/-) knockout line, which was viable and capable of replicating in both life cycle stages of the parasite, thus demonstrating the superfluous role of LiGSPS. In contrast, elimination of both LiTRYS alleles was not possible unless parasites were previously complemented with an episomal copy of the gene. Retention of extrachromosomal LiTRYS in the trys(-/-)/+TRYS line after several passages in culture further supported the essentiality of this gene for survival of L. infantum (including its clinically relevant stage), hence ruling out the hypothesis of functional complementation by LiGSPS. Chemical targeting of LiTRYS with a drug-like compound was shown to also lead to parasite death. Overall, this study disqualifies GSPS as a target for drug development campaigns and, by genetic and chemical evidence, validates TRYS as a chemotherapeutic target in a parasite endowed with GSPS and, thus, probably along the entire trypanosomatid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Sousa
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Gomes-Alves
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diego Benítez
- Laboratory of Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory of Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, CP 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Timo Jaeger
- German Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joana Passos
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana M Tomás
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Castro
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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Si X, Quan X, Li Q, Wu Y. Effects of D-amino acids and norspermidine on the disassembly of large, old-aged microbial aggregates. Water Res 2014; 54:247-253. [PMID: 24576700 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing threat of microbial aggregates in many fields highlights the need to develop methods to promote their disassembly. This study investigated the coupled effects of d-tyrosine (d-Tyr) and norspermidine on the disassembly of a type of old-aged (more than 6 months), large (about 900 μm) microbial aggregate formed by mixed culture. Results showed that d-Tyr and norspermidine acting together effectively triggered the disassembly of microbial aggregates, with disassembly ratio enhanced by 30-164% compared to the control at the concentration of 50-500 μM of d-Tyr and norspermidine. d-Tyr and norspermidine reduced the content of extracellular protein and polysaccharide in microbial aggregates and altered the matrix structure of extracellular polymeric substances as confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. The microbial aggregates lost stability after treatment with d-Tyr and norspermidine as could be seen from the increase in surface negative charge and decrease in cell hydrophobicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that norspermidine could directly interact with polysaccharide and caused the disappearance of an IR band at 1152 cm(-1) that may be correlated with the functional group C-O-C. Overall, the combined application of d-amino acids and norspermidine offers an effective approach to disassemble large and resistant microbial aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Si
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangchun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qilin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yachuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
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Moriya SS, Miura T, Takao K, Sugita Y, Samejima K, Hiramatsu K, Kawakita M. Development of irreversible inactivators of spermine oxidase and N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:475-80. [PMID: 24583866 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three functional groups (2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, and 2,3-butadienyl) were introduced onto one of the terminal amino groups of spermidine. Of the six compounds synthesized, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N'-2,3-butadienyl-1,4-butanediamine (N(8)-butadienyl Spd) and N-[3-(2,3-butadienylamino)propyl]-1,4-butanediamine (N(1)-butadienyl Spd) irreversibly inactivated human spermine oxidase (SMO) and N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase (APAO). Interestingly, N(8)-butadienyl Spd inactivated SMO far more potently than N,N'-di-2,3-butadienyl-1,4-butanediamine (MDL 72527).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-suke Moriya
- Translational Medical Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
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Liu YH, Zhang J, Chen YB, Li YP, Hu L. [A fluoride-sensor for kink structure in DNA condensation process]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2014; 34:157-161. [PMID: 24783552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bloomfield has pointed out that the kink structure occurs for sharp bending during DNA condensation process, until now, which has not been proved by experiments. Using UV Spectrophotometer, the effects of fluoride and chlorine on the polyamine-DNA condensation system can be detected. Fluoride and chlorine both belong to the halogen family, but their effects on spermine-DNA condensation system are totally different. Fluoride ions make blue-shift and hyperchromicity appear in the spermine-DNA condensation system, but chlorine ions only make insignificant hyperchromicity happen in this system. Both fluoride ions and chlorine ions only make insignificant hyperchromicity happen in spermidine-DNA condensation system. Based on the distinguished character of fluoride, a fluoride-sensor for "kink" structure in DNA condensation was developed and the second kind of "kink" structure only appear in the spermine-DNA condensation system.
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Arias DG, Marquez VE, Chiribao ML, Gadelha FR, Robello C, Iglesias AA, Guerrero SA. Redox metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi: functional characterization of tryparedoxins revisited. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:65-77. [PMID: 23665397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tryparedoxins (TXNs) are multipurpose oxidoreductases from trypanosomatids that transfer reducing equivalents from trypanothione to various thiol proteins. In Trypanosoma cruzi, two genes coding for TXN-like proteins have been identified: TXNI, previously characterized as a cytoplasmic protein, and TXNII, a putative tail-anchored membrane protein. In this work, we performed a comparative functional characterization of T. cruzi TXNs. Particularly, we cloned the gene region coding for the soluble version of TXNII for its heterologous expression. The truncated recombinant protein (without its 22 C-terminal transmembrane amino acids) showed TXN activity. It was also able to transfer reducing equivalents from trypanothione, glutathione, or dihydrolipoamide to various acceptors, including methionine sulfoxide reductases and peroxiredoxins. The results support the occurrence and functionality of a second tryparedoxin, which appears as a new component in the redox scenario for T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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Montero-Calasanz MDC, Göker M, Rohde M, Spröer C, Schumann P, Busse HJ, Schmid M, Tindall BJ, Klenk HP, Camacho M. Chryseobacterium hispalense sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting bacterium isolated from a rainwater pond in an olive plant nursery, and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium defluvii, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Chryseobacterium wanjuense and Chryseobacterium gregarium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:4386-4395. [PMID: 23907217 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.052456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel non-motile, Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated AG13(T), isolated from a rain water pond at a plant nursery in Spain and characterized as a plant-growth-promoting bacterium, was investigated to determine its taxonomic status. The isolate grew best over a temperature range of 15-40 °C, at pH 5.0-8.0 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Chryseobacterium. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 37.2 mol%. The strain had a polyamine pattern with sym-homospermidine as the major compound and produced flexirubin-type pigments. MK-6 was the dominant menaquinone and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipids and several unidentified lipids. The 16S rRNA gene showed 92.0-97.2 % sequence similarity with those of the members of the genus Chryseobacterium. Based on chemotaxonomic and phenotypic traits, and DNA-DNA hybridizations with the type strains of the most closely related species, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Chryseobacterium hispalense, type strain AG13(T) ( = DSM 25574(T) = CCUG 63019(T)). Emended descriptions of the species Chryseobacterium defluvii, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Chryseobacterium wanjuense and Chryseobacterium gregarium are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Carmen Montero-Calasanz
- IFAPA-Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra, Km 12.2, 41200 Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Göker
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Schmid
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brian J Tindall
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Camacho
- IFAPA-Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra, Km 12.2, 41200 Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
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Godoy LD, Liberato JL, da Silva Junior PI, dos Santos WF. Mygalin: a new anticonvulsant polyamine in acute seizure model and neuroethological schedule. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:122-131. [PMID: 24195634 DOI: 10.2174/18715249113139990015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are compounds that interact with ionotropic receptors, mainly modulating the NMDA receptor, which is strictly related to many neurologic diseases such as epilepsy. Consequently, polyamines rise as potential neuropharmacological tools in the prospection of new therapeutic drugs. In this paper, we report on the biological activity of synthetic polyamine Mygalin, which was tested as an anticonvulsant in model of chemically induced seizures. Male Wistar rats were injected with vehicle, diazepam, MK-801 or Mygalin at different doses followed by Pentylenetetrazole or N-Methyl-D-Aspartate administration. Mygalin presented protection against seizures induced by both NMDA injections and PTZ administration by 83.3% and 16.6%, respectively. Moreover, it prolonged the onset of tonic-clonic seizures induced by PTZ. Furthermore, it was tested in neuroethological schedule evaluating possible side-effects and it presented mild changes in Open Field, Rotarod and Morris Water Maze tests when compared to available anticonvulsant drugs. The mechanism underlying the anticonvulsant effect of Mygalin is noteworthy of further investigation, nevertheless, based on these findings, we hypothesize that it may be wholly or in part due to a possible NMDA receptor antagonism. Altogether, the results demonstrate that Mygalin has an anticonvulsant activity that may be an important tool in the study of prospection of therapeutics in epilepsy neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, FFCLRP/USP - Departamento de Biologia, Zip Code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gaquerel E, Kotkar H, Onkokesung N, Galis I, Baldwin IT. Silencing an N-acyltransferase-like involved in lignin biosynthesis in Nicotiana attenuata dramatically alters herbivory-induced phenolamide metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62336. [PMID: 23704878 PMCID: PMC3660383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a transcriptomic screen of Manduca sexta-induced N-acyltransferases in leaves of Nicotiana attenuata, we identified an N-acyltransferase gene sharing a high similarity with the tobacco lignin-biosynthetic hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) gene whose expression is controlled by MYB8, a transcription factor that regulates the production of phenylpropanoid polyamine conjugates (phenolamides, PAs). To evaluate the involvement of this HCT-like gene in lignin production as well as the resulting crosstalk with PA metabolism during insect herbivory, we transiently silenced (by VIGs) the expression of this gene and performed non-targeted (UHPLC-ESI/TOF-MS) metabolomics analyses. In agreement with a conserved function of N. attenuata HCT-like in lignin biogenesis, HCT-silenced plants developed weak, soft stems with greatly reduced lignin contents. Metabolic profiling demonstrated large shifts (up to 12% deregulation in total extracted ions in insect-attacked leaves) due to a large diversion of activated coumaric acid units into the production of developmentally and herbivory-induced coumaroyl-containing PAs (N',N''-dicoumaroylspermidine, N',N''-coumaroylputrescine, etc) and to minor increases in the most abundant free phenolics (chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids), all without altering the production of well characterized herbivory-responsive caffeoyl- and feruloyl-based putrescine and spermidine PAs. These data are consistent with a strong metabolic tension, exacerbated during herbivory, over the allocation of coumaroyl-CoA units among lignin and unusual coumaroyl-containing PAs, and rule out a role for HCT-LIKE in tuning the herbivory-induced accumulation of other PAs. Additionally, these results are consistent with a role for lignification as an induced anti-herbivore defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hemlata Kotkar
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), Pune, India
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Galis
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Kite GC, Larsson S, Veitch NC, Porter EA, Ding N, Simmonds MSJ. Acyl spermidines in inflorescence extracts of elder (Sambucus nigra L., Adoxaceae) and elderflower drinks. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:3501-3508. [PMID: 23406267 DOI: 10.1021/jf304602q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
LC-UV-MS analyses of inflorescence extracts of Sambucus nigra L. (elder, Adoxaceae) revealed the presence of numerous acyl spermidines, with isomers of N,N-diferuloylspermidine and N-acetyl-N,N-diferuloylspermidine being most abundant. Pollen was the main source of the acyl spermidines in the inflorescence. Three of the major acyl spermidines were isolated and their structures determined by NMR spectroscopy as N⁵,N¹⁰-di-(E,E)-feruloylspermidine and the new compounds N¹-acetyl-N⁵,N¹⁰-di-(Z,E)-feruloylspermidine and N¹-acetyl-N⁵,N¹⁰-di-(E,E)-feruloylspermidine. An isomer of N,N,N-triferuloylspermidine was also obtained and identified as N¹,N⁵,N¹⁰-tri-(E,E,E)-feruloylspermidine. In addition to stereoisomers of the isolated acyl spermidines, other acyl spermidines detected by the positive ion LC-UV-MS were isomers of N-caffeoyl-N,N-diferuloylspermidine, N-coumaroyl-N,N-diferuloylspermidine, N-caffeoyl-N-feruloylspermidine, N-coumaroyl-N-feruloylspermidine, N-acetyl-N-caffeoyl-N-feruloylspermidine, and N-acetyl-N-coumaroyl-N-feruloylspermidine. Analysis of commercial elderflower drinks showed that acyl spermidines were persistent in these processed elderflower products. Examination of inflorescence extracts from Sambucus canadensis L. (American elder) revealed the presence of acyl spermidines that were different from those of S. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Kite
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Ondarza RN, Hernandez E, Hurtado G, Woolery M, Hernandez-Sandoval F. Mass spectrometry characterization of trypanothione and novel peptides of medical importance isolated from Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2013; 13:133-140. [PMID: 23808873 DOI: 10.2174/18715265113139990023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents unequivocal results about the presence of trypanothione and its precursor glutathionespermidine from the opportunistic human pathogen Acanthamoeba polyphaga. They were isolated by RP-HPLC as thiolbimane derivatives and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Additionally RP-HPLC demonstrated that thiol-bimane compounds corresponding to cysteine and glutathione were also present in A. polyphaga. Besides trypanothione, we want to report four new peptides in trophozoites, a tetrapeptide, a hexapeptide, a heptapeptide and a nonapeptide. Trypanothione and two of the thiol peptides, the hexapeptide and heptapeptide, are oxidized since the reduced forms increase in amount when the normal extract is treated by DTT or by electrolytic reduction that convert the oxidized forms to reduced ones. On the other hand, they disappear when the amoeba extract is treated with NEM or when the amoeba culture is treated with various inhibitors of NADPH-dependent disulfidereducing enzymes. Comparison of the thiol peptides, including trypanothione from A. polyphaga with extracts from human lymphocytes showed that they are not present in the latter. Therefore, some of the peptides here reported could be used as antigens for rapid detection of these parasites. In regard to the presence of the enzymes that synthesize and reduce trypanothione in A. polyphaga we suggest that they can be used as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul N Ondarza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, Mexico.
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Koch O, Cappel D, Nocker M, Jäger T, Flohé L, Sotriffer CA, Selzer PM. Molecular dynamics reveal binding mode of glutathionylspermidine by trypanothione synthetase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56788. [PMID: 23451087 PMCID: PMC3581523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The trypanothione synthetase (TryS) catalyses the two-step biosynthesis of trypanothione from spermidine and glutathione and is an attractive new drug target for the development of trypanocidal and antileishmanial drugs, especially since the structural information of TryS from Leishmania major has become available. Unfortunately, the TryS structure was solved without any of the substrates and lacks loop regions that are mechanistically important. This contribution describes docking and molecular dynamics simulations that led to further insights into trypanothione biosynthesis and, in particular, explains the binding modes of substrates for the second catalytic step. The structural model essentially confirm previously proposed binding sites for glutathione, ATP and two Mg2+ ions, which appear identical for both catalytic steps. The analysis of an unsolved loop region near the proposed spermidine binding site revealed a new pocket that was demonstrated to bind glutathionylspermidine in an inverted orientation. For the second step of trypanothione synthesis glutathionylspermidine is bound in a way that preferentially allows N1-glutathionylation of N8-glutathionylspermidine, classifying N8-glutathionylspermidine as the favoured substrate. By inhibitor docking, the binding site for N8-glutathionylspermidine was characterised as druggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Koch
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
- MOLISA GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (OK); (PMS)
| | - Daniel Cappel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Nocker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Paul M. Selzer
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology and Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (OK); (PMS)
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Silva TM, Andersson S, Sukumaran SK, Marques MP, Persson L, Oredsson S. Norspermidine and novel Pd(II) and Pt(II) polynuclear complexes of norspermidine as potential antineoplastic agents against breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55651. [PMID: 23418450 PMCID: PMC3572109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New strategies are needed for breast cancer treatment and one initial step is to test new chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer cell lines, to choose candidates for further studies towards clinical use. Methodology and Findings The cytotoxic effects of a biogenic polyamine analogue – norspermidine – and its trinuclear Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes – Pd3NSpd2 and Pt3NSpd2, respectively – were investigated in one immortalized normal-like and three breast cancer cell lines. The normal-like MCF-10A cells were least sensitive to the compounds, while growth inhibition and cell death was observed in the cancer cell lines. Norspermidine and its Pd(II) complex were generally shown to have stronger antiproliferative effects than the corresponding Pt(II) complex. Moreover, both norspermidine and the Pd(II) complex reduced the cellular activity of the growth-related enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) to a lower level than the Pt(II) complex in most of the cell lines examined. Treatment with norspermidine or the Pd(II) complex reduced the number of colonies formed in a soft agar assay performed with the breast cancer cell lines, indicating that these compounds reduced the malignancy of the breast cancer cells. The effect of norspermidine or the Pd(II) complex on colony formation was much stronger than that observed for the Pt(II) complex. The results from a new mammalian genotoxicity screen together with those of a single cell gel electrophoresis assay indicated that none of the drugs were genotoxic at a 25 µM concentration. Main Conclusions Overall, norspermidine and its Pd(II) complex were shown to have strong antiproliferative effects. In comparison, the effects obtained with the Pd(II) complex were much stronger than that of the Pt(II) complex. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the trinuclear Pd(II) complex of norspermidine (Pd3NSpd2) may be regarded as a potential new metal-based drug against breast cancer, coupling a significant efficiency to a low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Magalhães Silva
- Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Paula Marques
- Research Unit “Molecular Physical-Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Departament of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Sweden
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, University of Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Nielsen A, Mansson M, Wietz M, Varming AN, Phipps RK, Larsen TO, Gram L, Ingmer H. Nigribactin, a novel siderophore from Vibrio nigripulchritudo, modulates Staphylococcus aureus virulence gene expression. Mar Drugs 2012. [PMID: 23203279 PMCID: PMC3509537 DOI: 10.3390/md10112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen that employs a number of virulence factors as part of its pathogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to explore marine bacteria as a source of compounds that modulate virulence gene expression in S. aureus. During the global marine Galathea 3 expedition, a strain collection was established comprising bacteria that express antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum and/or Staphylococcus aureus. Within this collection we searched colony material, culture supernatants, and cell extracts for virulence modulating activity showing that 68 out of 83 marine bacteria (affiliated with the Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonas sp.) influenced expression of S. aureus hla encoding α-hemolysin toxin and/or spa encoding Protein A. The isolate that upon initial screening showed the highest degree of interference (crude ethyl acetate extract) was a Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Extraction, purification and structural elucidation revealed a novel siderophore, designated nigribactin, which induces spa transcription. The effect of nigribactin on spa expression is likely to be independent from its siderophore activity, as another potent siderophore, enterobactin, failed to influence S. aureus virulence gene expression. This study shows that marine microorganisms produce compounds with potential use in therapeutic strategies targeting virulence rather than viability of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (A.N.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Maria Mansson
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.K.P.); (T.O.L.)
| | - Matthias Wietz
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.W.); (L.G.)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anders N. Varming
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (A.N.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Richard K. Phipps
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.K.P.); (T.O.L.)
| | - Thomas O. Larsen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.K.P.); (T.O.L.)
| | - Lone Gram
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (A.N.); (A.N.V.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +45-35332773; Fax: +45-35332755
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Hyvönen MT, Keinänen TA, Khomutov M, Simonian A, Vepsäläinen J, Park JH, Khomutov AR, Alhonen L, Park MH. Effects of novel C-methylated spermidine analogs on cell growth via hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. Amino Acids 2012; 42:685-95. [PMID: 21861168 PMCID: PMC3223563 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are ubiquitous multifunctional cations essential for cellular proliferation. One specific function of spermidine in cell growth is its role as a butylamine donor for hypusine synthesis in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Here, we report the ability of novel mono-methylated spermidine analogs (α-MeSpd, β-MeSpd, γ-MeSpd, and ω-MeSpd) to function in the hypusination of eIF5A and in supporting the growth of DFMO-treated DU145 cells. We also tested them as substrates and inhibitors for deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) in vitro. Of these compounds, α-MeSpd, β-MeSpd, and γ-MeSpd (but not ω-MeSpd) were substrates for DHS in vitro, while they all inhibited the enzyme reaction. As racemic mixtures, only α-MeSpd and β-MeSpd supported long-term growth (9-18 days) of spermidine-depleted DU145 cells, whereas γ-MeSpd and ω-MeSpd did not. The S-enantiomer of α-MeSpd, which supported long-term growth, was a good substrate for DHS in vitro, whereas the R-isomer was not. The long-term growth of DFMO-treated cells correlated with the hypusine modification of eIF5A by intracellular methylated spermidine analogs. These results underscore the critical requirement for hypusine modification in mammalian cell proliferation and provide new insights into the specificity of the deoxyhypusine synthase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi T. Hyvönen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alina Simonian
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Leena Alhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Myung Hee Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Onkokesung N, Gaquerel E, Kotkar H, Kaur H, Baldwin IT, Galis I. MYB8 controls inducible phenolamide levels by activating three novel hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:polyamine transferases in Nicotiana attenuata. Plant Physiol 2012; 158:389-407. [PMID: 22082505 PMCID: PMC3252090 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.187229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A large number of plants accumulate N-acylated polyamines (phenolamides [PAs]) in response to biotic and/or abiotic stress conditions. In the native tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata), the accumulation of two major PAs, caffeoylputrescine and dicaffeoylspermidine (DCS), after herbivore attack is known to be controlled by a key transcription factor, MYB8. Using a broadly targeted metabolomics approach, we show that a much larger spectrum of PAs composed of hydroxycinnamic acids and two polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, is regulated by this transcription factor. We cloned several novel MYB8-regulated genes, annotated as putative acyltransferases, and analyzed their function. One of the novel acyltransferases (AT1) is shown to encode a hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:putrescine acyltransferase responsible for caffeoylputrescine biosynthesis in tobacco. Another gene (acyltransferase DH29), specific for spermidine conjugation, mediates the initial acylation step in DCS formation. Although this enzyme was not able to perform the second acylation toward DCS biosynthesis, another acyltransferase gene, CV86, proposed to act on monoacylated spermidines, was isolated and partially characterized. The activation of MYB8 in response to herbivore attack and associated signals required the activity of LIPOXYGENASE3, a gene involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in N. attenuata. These new results allow us to reconstruct a complete branch in JA signaling that defends N. attenuata plants against herbivores: JA via MYB8's transcriptional control of AT1 and DH29 genes controls the entire branch of PA biosynthesis, which allows N. attenuata to mount a chemically diverse (and likely efficient) defense shield against herbivores.
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48
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Diechtierow M, Krauth-Siegel RL. A tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase protects African trypanosomes from membrane damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:856-68. [PMID: 21640819 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxide detoxification in African trypanosomes is achieved by 2-Cys-peroxiredoxin (TXNPx)- and non-selenium glutathione peroxidase (Px)-type enzymes which both obtain their reducing equivalents from the unique trypanothione/tryparedoxin system. Previous RNA interference approaches revealed that the cytosolic TXNPx and the Px-type enzymes are essential for Trypanosoma brucei. Because of partially overlapping in vitro substrate specificities and subcellular localisation the physiological function of the individual enzymes was not yet clear. As shown here, TXNPx and Px are expressed at comparable levels and in their active reduced state. Px-overexpressing parasites were less sensitive toward linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not hydrogen peroxide. Kinetic studies confirmed that Px-but not TXNPx-reduces lipophilic hydroperoxides including phospholipids with high efficiency. Most interestingly, the severe proliferation defect of Px-depleted bloodstream cells could be rescued by Trolox, but not by hydrophilic antioxidants, in the medium. This allowed us to knock-out the three Px genes individually and thus to distinguish their in vivo role. Deletion of the cytosolic Px I and II resulted in extremely fast membrane peroxidation followed by cell lysis. Cells lacking specifically the mitochondrial Px III showed a transient growth retardation and cardiolipin peroxidation but adapted within 24h to normal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Diechtierow
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Mandal S, Khomutov MA, Simonian AP, Kochetkov SN, Madhubala R. [Leishmania donovani: structural insignt in the recognition of C-methylated analogues of spermidine as natural polyamine]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2011; 45:673-678. [PMID: 21954600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-methylated spermidine analogues to restore the growth of L. donovani promastigotes that were depleted of putrescine and spermidine was investigated. Only beta-methylated spermidine, like natural spermidine was capable of restoring the growth of L. donovani, while the remaining three analogues turned out to be inactive. Considering that alpha-methylated spermidine is a functionally active spermidine surrogate both in vivo and in vitro, this analogue can be considered as an antidote in the host-parasite system, especially in cases where inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis are used for the therapy of leishmaniasis.
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50
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Finlayson R, Pearce AN, Page MJ, Kaiser M, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, Harper JL, Webb VL, Copp BR. Didemnidines A and B, indole spermidine alkaloids from the New Zealand ascidian Didemnum sp. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:888-92. [PMID: 21348447 DOI: 10.1021/np1008619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Two new indole spermidine alkaloids, didemnidines A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the New Zealand ascidian Didemnum sp. The structures of the metabolites, determined by analysis of 2D NMR spectra and confirmed via synthesis, embody an indole-3-glyoxylamide moiety linked to the N(1) position of spermidine, the latter motif being particularly rare among marine natural products. Didemnidine B and a synthetic precursor exhibited mild in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum with IC(50)'s of 15 and 8.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Finlayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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