201
|
Agrawal V, Khulbe Y, Jaiswal V, Paudel K. The abstraction of potentially zoonotic SARS-like coronavirus (BtSY2): A threat to global health. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1590. [PMID: 37779662 PMCID: PMC10539676 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights the discovery of a new virus lurking in bats in Yunnan province of China. The virus shows phylogenetic and genomic similarity to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which was the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus, named Bat SARS-like virus BtSY2, along with four other viruses, has been named a "virus of concern." Recombination events in the viral genome due to coinfection by multiple viruses in related animal hosts can lead to disease emergence, a process that has repeated itself innumerable times throughout history and has given rise to some major viral pandemics. Zoonotic infections, if not contained at the right time, can cause significant harm to the public health sector as well as the global economy. Studies like this are required to acquire a good understanding of the phylogeny of the virus, mechanisms of its transmission, carriers, probable clinical picture, and similarity to previous outbreaks. This will help to devise preventive strategies and, in case of higher probability and hazardous potential of the disease, develop prototype vaccines and drugs to face the outbreak with adequate preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhor Agrawal
- King George's Medical UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Yashita Khulbe
- King George's Medical UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular ResearchLarkin Community HospitalSouth MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kusum Paudel
- Institute of MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Harrison RE, Hamada A, Haswell N, Groves A, Vihta KD, Cella K, Garner S, Walker AS, Seale AC. Cycle Threshold Values as Indication of Increasing SARS-CoV-2 New Variants, England, 2020-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2024-2031. [PMID: 37678158 PMCID: PMC10521603 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of increased infections or new variants of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for public health response. To determine whether cycle threshold (Ct) data from PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 could serve as an early indicator of epidemic growth, we analyzed daily mean Ct values in England, UK, by gene target and used iterative sequential regression to detect break points in mean Ct values (and positive test counts). To monitor the epidemic in England, we continued those analyses in real time. During September 2020-January 2022, a total of 7,611,153 positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results with Ct data were reported. Spike (S) gene target (S+/S-)-specific mean Ct values decreased 6-29 days before positive test counts increased, and S-gene Ct values provided early indication of increasing new variants (Delta and Omicron). Our approach was beneficial in the context of the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and can be used to support future infectious disease monitoring.
Collapse
|
203
|
Abstract
Animals are continuously exposed to pathogens but rarely get infected, because pathogens must overcome barriers to establish successful infections. Ongoing planetary changes affect factors relevant for such infections, such as pathogen pressure and pathogen exposure. The replacement of wildlife with domestic animals shrinks the original host reservoirs, whereas expanding agricultural frontiers lead to increased contact between natural and altered ecosystems, increasing pathogen exposure and reducing the area where the original hosts can live. Climate change alters species' distributions and phenology, pathogens included, resulting in exposure to pathogens that have colonized or recolonized new areas. Globalization leads to unwilling movement of and exposure to pathogens. Because people and domestic animals are overdominant planetwide, there is increased selective pressure for pathogens to infect them. Nature conservation measures can slow down but not fully prevent spillovers. Additional and enhanced surveillance methods in potential spillover hotspots should improve early detection and allow swifter responses to emerging outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime García-Moreno
- Vogelbescherming Nederland, Zeist, Netherlands
- BirdLife, the Netherlands
- ESiLi, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
McNamara BJ, Blasdell KR, Yerramilli A, Smith IL, Clayton SL, Dunn M, Tay EL, Gibney KB, Waidyatillake NT, Hussain MA, Muleme M, O'Brien DP, Athan E. Comprehensive Case-Control Study of Protective and Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer, Southeastern Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2032-2043. [PMID: 37735741 PMCID: PMC10521623 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine protective and risk factors for Buruli ulcer (BU), we conducted a case-control study of 245 adult BU cases and 481 postcode-matched controls across BU-endemic areas of Victoria, Australia. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios for socio-environmental, host, and behavioral factors associated with BU by using conditional logistic regression. Odds of BU were >2-fold for persons with diabetes mellitus and persons working outdoors who had soil contact in BU-endemic areas (compared with indoor work) but were lower among persons who had bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinations. BU was associated with increasing numbers of possums and with ponds and bore water use at residences. Using insect repellent, covering arms and legs outdoors, and immediately washing wounds were protective; undertaking multiple protective behaviors was associated with the lowest odds of BU. Skin hygiene/protection behaviors and previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination might provide protection against BU in BU-endemic areas.
Collapse
|
205
|
Du Z, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wang L, Cowling BJ, Meyers LA. Estimate of COVID-19 Deaths, China, December 2022-February 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2121-2124. [PMID: 37640373 PMCID: PMC10521589 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
China announced a slight easing of its zero-COVID rules on November 11, 2022, and then a major relaxation on December 7, 2022. We estimate that the ensuing wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused 1.41 million deaths in China during December 2022-February 2023, substantially higher than that reported through official channels.
Collapse
|
206
|
Gottdenker NL, Nascimento Ramos RA, Hakimi H, McHale B, Rivera S, Miller BM, Howerth EW, Burrell CE, Stilwell JM, McManamon R, Verocai GG. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2019-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2167-2170. [PMID: 37735783 PMCID: PMC10521602 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), a zoonotic parasite invasive to the United States, causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. A. cantonensis harbors in rat reservoir hosts and is transmitted through gastropods and other paratenic hosts. We discuss the public health relevance of autochthonous A. cantonensis cases in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Collapse
|
207
|
Wang Z, Dunn IC, Wilson PW, Pertinez SP, Fulton JE, Arango J, Andersson B, Schmutz M, Wolc A. Genome wide association analysis of cuticle deposition in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102990. [PMID: 37598557 PMCID: PMC10458670 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is an invisible barrier that protects the internal egg contents from microorganisms entering through gas exchange pores. Eggs which have a good cuticle are least likely to be penetrated by microorganisms and improved cuticle cover should reduce vertical transmission of microorganisms and improve biosecurity. The aim was to carry out a genome wide association study for cuticle deposition in 3 independent populations of laying hens using tartrazine and lissamine green staining. Eggs from ∼8,000 hens represented 2 White Leghorn and 1 Rhode Island Red breed. Estimates of heritability using pedigree or genomic relationship matrices were in the 0.2 to 0.3 range. The results were breed specific. Across the populations, genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 were identified as significantly associated with cuticle deposition. No single loci had a large effect. A comparison was made with genes differentially expressed in the shell gland when cuticle deposition was manipulated, however none were obvious candidates for cuticle deposition. The results support the polygenic nature of the trait and the information will help in the future to understand the genetic variance and what might control cuticle deposition and the microbiological safety of the egg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Dunn
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter W Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Poyatos Pertinez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Wolc
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA, USA; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Hamilton KA, Njoroge SM, Momanyi K, Murungi MK, Odinga CO, Bor N, Ogendo AF, Odaba J, Ogola JG, Fèvre EM, Falzon LC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Slaughterhouses, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2155-2158. [PMID: 37735786 PMCID: PMC10521590 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Slaughterhouses are hotspots for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. We conducted stakeholder discussions on antimicrobial-resistant pathogens within the slaughterhouse setting. Butchers were described as powerful stakeholders; challenges included limited funding and staff, inadequate infrastructure, and limited laboratory capacity. Slaughterhouse workers understood that their work increased their risk for exposure.
Collapse
|
209
|
Oluremi AS, Casares-Jimenez M, Opaleye OO, Caballero-Gomez J, Ogbolu DO, Lopez-Lopez P, Corona-Mata D, Rivero-Juarez A, Rivero A. Butchering activity is the main risk factor for hepatitis E virus ( Paslahepevirus balayani) infection in southwestern Nigeria: a prospective cohort study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247467. [PMID: 37822752 PMCID: PMC10562583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paslahepevirus balayani (Hepatitis E virus; HEV) is an emerging virus that poses as a public health threat. The virus is now reported to be the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis, with a unique impact on African settings. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for HEV infection in three cohorts (animal handlers, villagers, and students). Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 752 subjects from southwestern Nigeria. In all individuals, anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM antibodies were evaluated by using ELISA (confirming positive results via immunoblotting), and serum viral RNA was evaluated by using two RT-PCR assays. Results The overall seroprevalence of HEV IgG and HEV IgM was 14.9% (95% CI: 12.5-17.6%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.7-2.5%), respectively. We observed the highest seroprevalence among animal contact individuals, with butchers being the population with the highest HEV IgG seroprevalence (31.1%). Similarly, HEV IgM was higher in the animal contact group (2.2%) than in the non-animal contact cohort (0%). Discussions Viral RNA was not detected in any of the samples. Butchering was significantly associated with higher HEV prevalence. Although all efforts to prevent HEV in Africa have focused on the chlorination of water, our study suggests that most new infections could currently be linked to animal manipulation. Therefore, education and guidelines must be provided in southwest Nigeria to ensure that animal handling and processing methods are safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu S. Oluremi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Maria Casares-Jimenez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Oluyinka O. Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Javier Caballero-Gomez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Olusoga Ogbolu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Osun State University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Corona-Mata
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Arede M, Beltrán-Alcrudo D, Aliyev J, Chaligava T, Keskin I, Markosyan T, Morozov D, Oste S, Pavlenko A, Ponea M, Starciuc N, Zdravkova A, Raizman E, Casal J, Allepuz A. Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174560. [PMID: 37808108 PMCID: PMC10557248 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ruminant production in the Black Sea basin (BSB) is critical for national economies and the subsistence of rural populations. Yet, zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are limiting and threatening the sector. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, this study characterizes key aspects of the ruminant sector in nine countries of the BSB, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine. Methods We selected six priority ruminant diseases (anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that are present or threaten to emerge in the region. Standardized questionnaires were completed by a network of focal points and supplemented with external sources. We examined country and ruminant-specific data such as demographics, economic importance, and value chains in each country. For disease-specific data, we analysed the sanitary status, management strategies, and temporal trends of the selected diseases. Results and discussion The shift from a centrally planned to a market economy, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructured the ruminant sector. This sector played a critical role in rural livelihoods within the BSB. Yet, it faced significant challenges such as the low sustainability of pastoralism, technological limitations, and unregistered farms. Additionally, ruminant health was hindered by informal animal trade as a result of economic factors, insufficient support for the development of formal trade, and socio-cultural drivers. In the Caucasus and Türkiye, where diseases were present, improvements to ruminant health were driven by access to trading opportunities. Conversely, European countries, mostly disease-free, prioritized preventing disease incursion to avoid a high economic burden. While international initiatives for disease management are underway in the BSB, there is still a need for more effective local resource allocation and international partnerships to strengthen veterinary health capacity, protect animal health and improve ruminant production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Arede
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeyhun Aliyev
- Food Safety Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Tengiz Chaligava
- Veterinary Department, National Food Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ipek Keskin
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tigran Markosyan
- Scientific Centre for Risk Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Nubarashen, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Sarah Oste
- University Institute of Technology Nancy-Brabois, Lorraine University, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Andrii Pavlenko
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihai Ponea
- National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Starciuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Eran Raizman
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Kiarie A, Bebora L, Gitao G, Ochien'g L, Okumu N, Mutisya C, Wasonga J, Masudi SP, Moodley A, Amon-Tanoh MA, Watson J, Cumming O, Cook EAJ. Prevalence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of Campylobacter sp. in children aged 6-24 months in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1147180. [PMID: 37808985 PMCID: PMC10556691 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacter bacteria is a major cause of foodborne-related bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. It is known to cause diarrhea in young children which has been shown to directly affect their weight and height as a result of malnutrition. Severe cases of diarrhea can also lead to death. Most of the burden is experienced in resource-limited countries in Africa and Southeast Asia where the disease is linked to poor hygiene and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in children aged between 6 and 24 months in Nairobi, Kenya and identify potential risk factors associated with their occurrence. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between May to December 2021. A total of 585 randomly selected households were visited in two wards (Uthiru/Ruthimitu and Riruta) in Dagoretti South sub-county, Nairobi. A questionnaire regarding how children's food is handled, the major foods consumed, sanitation and hygiene, and animal ownership was conducted among caregivers to identify associated risk factors. Stool samples were collected from 540/585 children and screened for the presence of Campylobacter using culture-based methods and confirmed through PCR. Results Of the 540 children's stool samples processed, Campylobacter isolates were detected in 4.8% (26/540). Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was the most common species in 80.8% of positive samples compared to Campylobacter coli (C. coli) in 26.9% of samples. In six samples, both C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated, while in four samples, it was not possible to speciate the Campylobacter. Drinking cow's milk (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4 - 12.6) and the presence of animal feces in the compound (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1 - 10.3) were found to be statistically associated with Campylobacter carriage in children. Discussion The carriage of Campylobacter in children in this community indicates a need for further investigation on source attribution to understand transmission dynamics and inform where to target interventions. Awareness creation among caregivers on good personal and food hygiene is needed, including boiling milk before consumption. Implementation of biosecurity measures at the household level is highly recommended to reduce contact between animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kiarie
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lilly Bebora
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Gitao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linnet Ochien'g
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Noah Okumu
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Mutisya
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Wasonga
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sherril Phyllis Masudi
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maud A Amon-Tanoh
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Watson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A J Cook
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Slinko VG, Guglielmino CJD, Uren AM, Smith JKG, Neucom D, Smoll NR, Graham RMA, Fang NX, Smith HV, Armstrong AE, Kenny AA, Farmer JL, Quagliotto CA, Jennison AV. Several confirmed and probable zoonotic cases of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans, Queensland, Australia. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2023; 47. [PMID: 37817332 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging zoonosis globally, causing both cutaneous and respiratory diphtheria-like illness. In Queensland, human infection with toxigenic C. ulcerans is rare, with only three cases reported before October 2015. This case series describes five subsequent cases of toxigenic C. ulcerans in Queensland with links to companion animals. Methods All data were collected as part of routine public health response, and strains were whole genome sequenced for further characterisation. Household contacts were screened, treated with appropriate antibiotics, and received a diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine if more than five years had elapsed since their last dose. Findings No epidemiological or genomic links could be established between any of the five patients, including between the two cases notified from the same locality within eight days of each other. The C. ulcerans strains from Cases Two, Four and Five were closely related to the strains isolated from their respective pets by whole genome sequencing. Domestic dogs were identified as the most likely mode of transmission for Cases One and Three; however, this was unable to be laboratory confirmed, since Case One's dog was treated with antibiotics before it could be tested, and Case Three's dog was euthanised and cremated prior to case notification. Interpretation These are the first reported Australian cases of this emerging zoonosis with links to companion animals. These cases demonstrate the likely transmission route between companion animals and humans, with no evidence of human-to-human transmission. The existing requirement in the Queensland Health Public Health Management Guidelines, of restrictions on cases and some contacts while awaiting swab results, is currently under review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki G Slinko
- West Moreton Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
| | - Christine JD Guglielmino
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Uren
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James KG Smith
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Neucom
- Sunshine Coast Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Maroochydore, Australia
| | - Nicolas R Smoll
- Sunshine Coast Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Maroochydore, Australia
| | - Rikki MA Graham
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ning-Xia Fang
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen V Smith
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Alison A Kenny
- West Moreton Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Janet L Farmer
- West Moreton Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Australia
| | | | - Amy V Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Williams RAJ, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Doménech A, Madrid R, Fandiño S, Cea-Callejo P, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L. Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2355. [PMID: 37764199 PMCID: PMC10536639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered "emerging viruses". However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Christian J. Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Doménech
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Fandiño
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Arteaga-Troncoso G, Luna-Alvarez M, Hernández-Andrade L, Jiménez-Estrada JM, Sánchez-Cordero V, Botello F, Montes de Oca-Jiménez R, López-Hurtado M, Guerra-Infante FM. Modelling the Unidentified Abortion Burden from Four Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms ( Leptospira interrogans, Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, and Chlamydia abortus) in Ewes Based on Artificial Neural Networks Approach: The Epidemiological Basis for a Control Policy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2955. [PMID: 37760355 PMCID: PMC10525082 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unidentified abortion, of which leptospirosis, brucellosis, and ovine enzootic abortion are important factors, is the main cause of disease spread between animals and humans in all agricultural systems in most developing countries. Although there are well-defined risk factors for these diseases, these characteristics do not represent the prevalence of the disease in different regions. This study predicts the unidentified abortion burden from multi-microorganisms in ewes based on an artificial neural networks approach and the GLM. METHODS A two-stage cluster survey design was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of abortifacient microorganisms and to identify putative factors of infectious abortion. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of Brucella was 70.7%, while Leptospira spp. was 55.2%, C. abortus was 21.9%, and B. ovis was 7.4%. Serological detection with four abortion-causing microorganisms was determined only in 0.87% of sheep sampled. The best GLM is integrated via serological detection of serovar Hardjo and Brucella ovis in animals of the slopes with elevation between 2600 and 2800 meters above sea level from the municipality of Xalatlaco. Other covariates included in the GLM, such as the sheep pen built with materials of metal grids and untreated wood, dirt and concrete floors, bed of straw, and the well water supply were also remained independently associated with infectious abortion. Approximately 80% of those respondents did not wear gloves or masks to prevent the transmission of the abortifacient zoonotic microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS Sensitizing stakeholders on good agricultural practices could improve public health surveillance. Further studies on the effect of animal-human transmission in such a setting is worthwhile to further support the One Health initiative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Arteaga-Troncoso
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico;
- Military School of Health Officers, University of the Mexican Army and Air Force, SEDENA, Ciudad de Mexico 11650, Mexico
| | - Miguel Luna-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Leptospirosis, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health, and Food Safety (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico;
| | - Laura Hernández-Andrade
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health, and Food Safety (CENID-SAI, INIFAP), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico;
| | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Department of Zoology and National Pavilion of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (V.S.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Francisco Botello
- Department of Zoology and National Pavilion of Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (V.S.-C.); (F.B.)
| | | | - Marcela López-Hurtado
- Department of Infectology and Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico;
| | - Fernando M. Guerra-Infante
- Department of Infectology and Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Monini M, Di Bartolo I, De Sabato L, Ianiro G, Agostinelli F, Ostanello F. Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Heavy Pigs in Slaughterhouses of Northern Italy: Investigation of Seroprevalence, Viraemia, and Faecal Shedding. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2942. [PMID: 37760342 PMCID: PMC10525452 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging threat in Europe, owing to the increased number of human cases and the widespread presence of the virus in pigs at farms. Most cases in industrialized countries are caused by the zoonotic HEV-3 genotype. The main transmission route of HEV-3 in Europe is foodborne, through consumption of raw or undercooked liver pork and wild boar meat. Pigs become susceptible to HEV infection after the loss of maternal immunity, and the majority of adult pigs test positive for IgG anti-HEV antibodies. Nonetheless, HEV-infected pigs in terms of liver, faeces, and rarely blood are identified at slaughterhouses. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HEV-positive batches of Italian heavy pigs at slaughterhouses, assessing the presence of animals still shedding HEV upon their arrival at the slaughterhouse by sampling faeces collected from the floor of the trucks used for their transport. The occurrence of viraemic animals and the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies were also assessed. The results obtained indicated the presence of anti-HEV IgM (1.9%), and a high seroprevalence of anti-HEV total antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA; 89.2%, n = 260). HEV RNA was not detected in either plasma or faecal samples. Nevertheless, seropositive animals were identified in all eight batches investigated, confirming the widespread exposure of pigs to HEV at both individual and farm levels. Future studies are needed to assess the factors associated with the risk of HEV presence on farms, with the aim to prevent virus introduction and spread within farms, thereby eliminating the risk at slaughterhouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Monini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.S.); (G.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.S.); (G.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Luca De Sabato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.S.); (G.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.S.); (G.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Agostinelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.D.S.); (G.I.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Sohn-Hausner N, Kmetiuk LB, da Silva EC, Langoni H, Biondo AW. One Health Approach to Leptospirosis: Dogs as Environmental Sentinels for Identification and Monitoring of Human Risk Areas in Southern Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:435. [PMID: 37755896 PMCID: PMC10534403 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis has been a neglected, widespread and reemerging zoonotic disease of global importance. The One Health holistic approach combining human, animal and environmental health has been important for control and prevention of zoonotic disease. An urban municipality in Southern Brazil with a high prevalence of leptospirosis was selected by convenience, with asymptomatic human and canine individuals serologically tested using MAT against 30 Leptospira spp. serovars. Epidemiological questionnaires were assessed along with the historical national database, with associated risk factors to dog and human seropositivity analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The spatial distribution of retrospective human leptospirosis cases was analyzed using a Kernel map and overlapped dog seropositivity and historical flooding areas, demonstrating that domestic and asymptomatic dogs may be important environmental sentinels for leptospirosis in such urban areas, even in the absence of human seropositivity and low canine seropositivity. Associated risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs and humans according to multiple regression included healthy dogs (p = 0.02, odds ratio-OR = 0.17, confidence interval of 95%CI 0.03-0.71) with indoor access (p = 0.059, OR = 5.12, 95%CI 1.10-37.7) and human males (p = 0.042, OR = 2.44, 95%CI 1.08-6.11) with presenting calf pain (p = 0.005, OR = 3.14, 95%CI 1.46-7. 14), jaundice (p < 0.001, OR = 4.61, 95%CI 2.11-10.10) and renal failure (p = 0.008, OR = 4.49, 95%CI 1.49-13.76). The greater the rain precipitation (above 3 mm of average annual precipitation), the higher the number of leptospirosis cases in humans. In conclusion, dog active serosurvey and rain precipitation should be systematically reported and plotted altogether as a basis for the early detection and monitoring of human risk areas. Such findings may serve as a basis for public health policies in Brazil and other endemic countries worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Sohn-Hausner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Cristine da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Karpathy SE, Kingry L, Pritt BS, Berry JC, Chilton NB, Dergousoff SJ, Cortinas R, Sheldon SW, Oatman S, Anacker M, Petersen J, Paddock CD. Anaplasma bovis-Like Infections in Humans, United States, 2015-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1904-1907. [PMID: 37610264 PMCID: PMC10461686 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected the DNA of an Anaplasma bovis-like bacterium in blood specimens from 4 patients from the United States with suspected tickborne illnesses. Initial molecular characterization of this novel agent reveals identity to A. bovis-like bacteria detected in Dermacentor variabilis ticks collected from multiple US states.
Collapse
|
218
|
Andronescu LR, Richard SA, Laing ED, Pisanic N, Coggins SA, Rivera MG, Kruczynski K, Saperstein AK, Modi J, Fraser JA, Shaikh S, Broder CC, Burgess TH, Heaney CD, Pollett SD, Millar E, Coles CL, Simons MP. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Saliva and Dried Blood Spot Surveillance Strategies in a Congregate Population. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1925-1928. [PMID: 37579513 PMCID: PMC10461675 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal approach to COVID-19 surveillance in congregate populations remains unclear. Our study at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA, assessed the concordance of antibody prevalence in longitudinally collected dried blood spots and saliva in a setting of frequent PCR-based testing. Our findings highlight the utility of salivary-based surveillance.
Collapse
|
219
|
Eilers B, Adelbai-Fraser MD, Collado JR, Van Dyke M, Firestone M, Guinn AS, Dillon MT, Brostrom R, Kinzer MH, Muñoz N, Okumura K, Brown V, Ademokun O, Udui R, Uherbelau GJ, Hancock WT. Patient Characteristics During Early Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Palau, January 13-February 24, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1939-1941. [PMID: 37437566 PMCID: PMC10461663 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palau had no reported evidence of COVID-19 community spread until January 2022. We chart reviewed hospitalized patients who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during early community transmission. Booster vaccinations and early outpatient treatment decreased hospitalizations. Inadequate hospital infection control practices contributed to iatrogenic COVID-19 and preventable deaths.
Collapse
|
220
|
Tsang TK, Huang X, Fong MW, Wang C, Lau EHY, Wu P, Cowling BJ. Effects of School-Based Preventive Measures on COVID-19 Incidence, Hong Kong, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1850-1854. [PMID: 37490926 PMCID: PMC10461670 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that school closures reduced COVID-19 incidence rates in children by 31%-46% in Hong Kong in 2022. After school reopening accompanied by mask mandates, daily rapid testing, and vaccination requirements, school-reported cases correlated with community incidence rates. Safe school reopening is possible when appropriate preventive measures are used.
Collapse
|
221
|
Kinoshita R, Arashiro T, Kitamura N, Arai S, Takahashi K, Suzuki T, Suzuki M, Yoneoka D. Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Blood Donors, Japan, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1868-1871. [PMID: 37506681 PMCID: PMC10461656 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A nationwide survey of SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid seroprevalence among blood donors in Japan revealed that, as of November 2022, infection-induced seroprevalence of the population was 28.6% (95% CI 27.6%-29.6%). Seroprevalence studies might complement routine surveillance and ongoing monitoring efforts to provide a more complete real-time picture of COVID-19 burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kinoshita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Satoru Arai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Koki Takahashi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (R. Kinoshita, T. Arashiro, N. Kitamura, S. Arai, T. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, D. Yoneoka)
- Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan (K. Takahashi)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
222
|
Moonan PK, Smith JP, Borah BF, Vohra D, Matulewicz HH, DeLuca N, Caruso E, Loosier PS, Thorpe P, Taylor MM, Oeltmann JE. Home-Based Testing and COVID-19 Isolation Recommendations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1921-1924. [PMID: 37579512 PMCID: PMC10461662 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a nationally representative panel survey, we examined isolation behaviors among persons in the United States who had positive SARS-CoV-2 test results during January 2021-March 2022. Compared with persons who received provider-administered results, persons with home-based results had 29% (95% CI 5%-47%) lower odds of following isolation recommendations.
Collapse
|
223
|
Cocoros NM, Kluberg SA, Willis SJ, Forrow S, Gessner BD, Nutt CT, Cane A, Petrou N, Sury M, Rhee C, Jodar L, Mendelsohn A, Hoffman ER, Jin R, Aucott J, Pugh SJ, Stark JH. Validation of Claims-Based Algorithm for Lyme Disease, Massachusetts, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1772-1779. [PMID: 37610117 PMCID: PMC10461665 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with notifiable disease surveillance, claims-based algorithms estimate higher Lyme disease incidence, but their accuracy is unknown. We applied a previously developed Lyme disease algorithm (diagnosis code plus antimicrobial drug prescription dispensing within 30 days) to an administrative claims database in Massachusetts, USA, to identify a Lyme disease cohort during July 2000-June 2019. Clinicians reviewed and adjudicated medical charts from a cohort subset by using national surveillance case definitions. We calculated positive predictive values (PPVs). We identified 12,229 Lyme disease episodes in the claims database and reviewed and adjudicated 128 medical charts. The algorithm's PPV for confirmed, probable, or suspected cases was 93.8% (95% CI 88.1%-97.3%); the PPV was 66.4% (95% CI 57.5%-74.5%) for confirmed and probable cases only. In a high incidence setting, a claims-based algorithm identified cases with a high PPV, suggesting it can be used to assess Lyme disease burden and supplement traditional surveillance data.
Collapse
|
224
|
Atherstone CJ, Guagliardo SAJ, Hawksworth A, O'Laughlin K, Wong K, Sloan ML, Henao O, Rao CY, McElroy PD, Bennett SD. COVID-19 Epidemiology during Delta Variant Dominance Period in 45 High-Income Countries, 2020-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1757-1764. [PMID: 37494699 PMCID: PMC10461680 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, first identified in October 2020, quickly became the dominant variant worldwide. We used publicly available data to explore the relationship between illness and death (peak case rates, death rates, case-fatality rates) and selected predictors (percentage vaccinated, percentage of the population >65 years, population density, testing volume, index of mitigation policies) in 45 high-income countries during the Delta wave using rank-order correlation and ordinal regression. During the Delta-dominant period, most countries reported higher peak case rates (57%) and lower peak case-fatality rates (98%). Higher vaccination coverage was protective against peak case rates (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) and against peak death rates (odds ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Vaccination coverage was vital to preventing infection and death from COVID-19 during the Delta wave. As new variants emerge, public health authorities should encourage the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and boosters.
Collapse
|
225
|
Lionello FCP, Rotundo S, Bruno G, Marino G, Morrone HL, Fusco P, Costa C, Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Beltrame A, Torti C. Touching Base with Some Mediterranean Diseases of Interest from Paradigmatic Cases at the "Magna Graecia" University Unit of Infectious Diseases: A Didascalic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2832. [PMID: 37685370 PMCID: PMC10486464 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among infectious diseases, zoonoses are increasing in importance worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean region. We report herein some clinical cases from a third-level hospital in Calabria region (Southern Italy) and provide a narrative review of the most relevant features of these diseases from epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Further, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in zoonotic diseases are reviewed, focusing on the mechanisms used by pathogens to elude the immune system of the host. These topics are of particular concern for individuals with primary or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., people living with HIV, transplant recipients, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs). From the present review, it appears that diagnostic innovations and the availability of more accurate methods, together with better monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these infections, are urgently needed to improve interventions for better preparedness and response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Carmelo Pio Lionello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Gabriele Bruno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Gabriella Marino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Helen Linda Morrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Chiara Costa
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna Beltrame
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Gainesville, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.C.P.L.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (H.L.M.); (A.R.); (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, “Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Larkins A, Bruce M, Phetsouvanh R, Ash A. Risk mapping for Taenia solium: Applying multicriteria decision analysis in Lao PDR. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:736-741. [PMID: 37474449 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Taenia solium is ranked the most significant global foodborne parasite and the leading cause of epilepsy in low and middle-income countries. Diagnostic challenges have hampered disease control efforts to date and WHO has called for the development of risk mapping tools to assist endemic countries. This study describes the application of multicriteria decision analysis to map the risk of T. solium in Lao PDR and acts as a case study for other endemic countries. METHODS Multicriteria decision analysis was completed using census data on relevant risk factors in Lao PDR. Factors were weighted using an analytical hierarchy process. Village risk scores were calculated using a weighted linear combination and categorised using the Fisher-Jenks algorithm into low, medium, and high risk. District risk scores and categories were calculated using the mean village risk score for a district. Sensitivity analysis was completed by doubling and halving risk factor weights, one at a time, and assessing the standard deviation of scores and categories across all scenarios. RESULTS A total of 2017 (23.7%) villages were classified as high risk, with 3312 (39.0%) medium and 3170 (37.3%) low risk. This resulted in 21 (14.2%) high-risk districts, 83 (56.1%) medium and 44 (29.7%) low-risk districts. The risk maps highlight two areas of interest which are high risk and low variation. The first is the northern province of Phongsaly, which is consistent with literature and anecdotal reports. The second is the southern Salavan and Xekong provinces, which have yet to be investigated in detail. CONCLUSIONS Multicriteria decision analysis has provided a simple, rapid, and flexible approach to mapping the risk of T. solium in Lao PDR. The nature of the method means that it can be completed in any endemic country with available and appropriate risk factor data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Larkins
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Ash
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Virtanen J, Hautaniemi M, Dutra L, Plyusnin I, Hautala K, Smura T, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Kant R, Kinnunen PM. Partial Genome Characterization of Novel Parapoxvirus in Horse, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1941-1944. [PMID: 37610155 PMCID: PMC10461679 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a sequencing protocol and 121-kb poxvirus sequence from a clinical sample from a horse in Finland with dermatitis. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the virus is a novel parapoxvirus associated with a recent epidemic; previous data suggest zoonotic potential. Increased awareness of this virus and specific diagnostic protocols are needed.
Collapse
|
228
|
Kusama T, Takeuchi K, Tamada Y, Kiuchi S, Osaka K, Tabuchi T. Compliance Trajectory and Patterns of COVID-19 Preventive Measures, Japan, 2020-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1747-1756. [PMID: 37487165 PMCID: PMC10461672 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a global health threat. Compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions is essential because of limited effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, emergence of highly contagious variants, and declining COVID-19 antibody titers over time. We evaluated compliance with 14 nonpharmaceutical intervention-related COVID-19 preventive behaviors, including mask wearing, ventilation, and surface sanitation, in a longitudinal study in Japan using 4 waves of Internet survey data obtained during 2020-2022. Compliance with most preventive behaviors increased or remained stable during the 2-year period, except for surface sanitation and going out behaviors; compliance with ventilation behavior substantially decreased in winter. Compliance patterns identified from latent class analysis showed that the number of persons in the low compliance class decreased, whereas those in the personal hygiene class increased. Our findings reflect the relaxation of mobility restriction policy in Japan, where the COVID-19 pandemic continues. Policymakers should consider behavioral changes caused by new policies to improve COVID-19 prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
229
|
Newell K, Fischer M, Massey S, Orell L, Steinberg J, Tompkins M, Castrodale L, McLaughlin J. Temporally Associated Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Alaska, USA, 2020-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1765-1771. [PMID: 37506683 PMCID: PMC10461657 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can co-infect persons who have viral respiratory tract infections. However, research on S. pneumoniae infections that are temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections is limited. We described the epidemiology and clinical course of patients who had invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and temporally associated SARS-CoV-2 infections in Alaska, USA, during January 1, 2020-December 23, 2021. Of 271 patients who had laboratory-confirmed IPD, 55 (20%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. We observed no major differences in age, race, sex, or underlying medical conditions among IPD patients with and without SARS-CoV-2. However, a larger proportion of IPD patients with SARS-CoV-2 died (16%, n = 9) than for those with IPD alone (4%, n = 9) (p<0.01). IPD patients with SARS-CoV-2 were also more likely to be experiencing homelessness (adjusted OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.7-7.5). Our study highlights the risk for dual infection and ongoing benefits of pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccination, especially among vulnerable populations.
Collapse
|
230
|
Ariyama N, Pardo-Roa C, Muñoz G, Aguayo C, Ávila C, Mathieu C, Almonacid LI, Medina RA, Brito B, Johow M, Neira V. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Wild Birds, Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1842-1845. [PMID: 37487166 PMCID: PMC10461661 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus emerged in Chile. We detected H5N1 virus in 93 samples and obtained 9 whole-genome sequences of strains from wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis suggests multiple viral introductions into South America. Continued surveillance is needed to assess risks to humans and domestic poultry.
Collapse
|
231
|
Bellizzi S, Letchford N, Adib K, Probert WJ, Hancock P, Alsawalha L, Santoro A, Profili MC, Aguas R, Popescu C, Al Ariqi L, White L, Hayajneh W, Obeidat N, Nabeth P. Participatory Mathematical Modeling Approach for Policymaking during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis, Jordan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1738-1746. [PMID: 37610124 PMCID: PMC10461658 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We engaged in a participatory modeling approach with health sector stakeholders in Jordan to support government decision-making regarding implementing public health measures to mitigate COVID-19 disease burden. We considered the effect of 4 physical distancing strategies on reducing COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Jordan during March 2020-January 2021: no physical distancing; intermittent physical distancing where all but essential services are closed once a week; intermittent physical distancing where all but essential services are closed twice a week; and a permanent physical distancing intervention. Modeling showed that the fourth strategy would be most effective in reducing cases and deaths; however, this approach was only marginally beneficial to reducing COVID-19 disease compared with an intermittently enforced physical distancing intervention. Scenario-based model influenced policy-making and the evolution of the pandemic in Jordan confirmed the forecasting provided by the modeling exercise and helped confirm the effectiveness of the policy adopted by the government of Jordan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William J.M. Probert
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Penelope Hancock
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lora Alsawalha
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Alessio Santoro
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Maria C. Profili
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Ricardo Aguas
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Christian Popescu
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lubna Al Ariqi
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Lisa White
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Wail Hayajneh
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Nathir Obeidat
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| | - Pierre Nabeth
- World Health Organization Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan (S. Bellizzi, L. Alsawalha, A. Santoro, M.C. Profili, C. Popescu)
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt (N. Letchford, K. Adib, W.J.M. Probert, Penelope Hancock, L. Al Ariqi, P. Nabeth)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Aguas, L. White)
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (W. Hayajneh)
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman (N. Obeidat)
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
van Diemen PM, Byrne AMP, Ramsay AM, Watson S, Nunez A, V Moreno A, Chiapponi C, Foni E, Brown IH, Brookes SM, Everett HE. Interspecies Transmission of Swine Influenza A Viruses and Human Seasonal Vaccine-Mediated Protection Investigated in Ferret Model. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1798-1807. [PMID: 37610158 PMCID: PMC10461666 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the infection dynamics of 2 influenza A(H1N1) virus isolates from the swine 1A.3.3.2 (pandemic 2009) and 1C (Eurasian, avian-like) lineages. The 1C-lineage virus, A/Pavia/65/2016, although phylogenetically related to swine-origin viruses, was isolated from a human clinical case. This strain infected ferrets, a human influenza model species, and could be transmitted by direct contact and, less efficiently, by airborne exposure. Infecting ferrets and pigs (the natural host) resulted in mild or inapparent clinical signs comparable to those observed with 1A.3.3.2-lineage swine-origin viruses. Both H1N1 viruses could infect pigs and were transmitted to cohoused ferrets. Ferrets vaccinated with a human 2016-17 seasonal influenza vaccine were protected against infection with the antigenically matched 1A pandemic 2009 virus but not against the swine-lineage 1C virus. Our results reaffirm the need for continuous influenza A virus surveillance in pigs and identification of candidate human vaccine viruses.
Collapse
|
233
|
Lin ZT, Du LF, Zhang MZ, Han XY, Wang BH, Meng J, Yu FX, Zhou XQ, Wang N, Li C, Wang XY, Liu J, Gao WY, Ye RZ, Xia LY, Sun Y, Jia N, Jiang JF, Zhao L, Cui XM, Zhan L, Cao WC. Genomic Characteristics of Emerging Intraerythrocytic Anaplasma capra and High Prevalence in Goats, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1780-1788. [PMID: 37610104 PMCID: PMC10461651 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma capra is an emerging tickborne human pathogen initially recognized in China in 2015; it has been reported in ticks and in a wide range of domestic and wild animals worldwide. We describe whole-genome sequences of 2 A. capra strains from metagenomic sequencing of purified erythrocytes from infected goats in China. The genome of A. capra was the smallest among members of the genus Anaplasma. The genomes of the 2 A. capra strains contained comparable G+C content and numbers of pseudogenes with intraerythrocytic Anaplasma species. The 2 A. capra strains had 54 unique genes. The prevalence of A. capra was high among goats in the 2 endemic areas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the A. capra strains detected in this study were basically classified into 2 subclusters with those previously detected in Asia. Our findings clarify details of the genomic characteristics of A. capra and shed light on its genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Tao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Li-Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Xiao-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Bai-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Jiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Fu-Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Xiao-Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Wan-Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Run-Ze Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Luo-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (Z.-T. Lin, L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, X.-Y. Han, Y. Sun, N. Jia, J.-F. Jiang, X.-M. Cui, W.-C. Cao)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.-F. Du, M.-Z. Zhang, B.-H. Wang, N. Wang, C. Li, X.-Y. Wang, J. Liu, W.-Y. Gao, R.-Z. Ye, L.-Y. Xia, L. Zhao)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China (J. Meng, F.-X. Yu, L. Zhan)
- Guizhou Provincial Blood Center, Guiyang (X.-Q. Zhou)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Bonwitt J, Riethman M, Glashower D, Oltean HN, Wohrle R, Joseph B, McHale B, Ritchie B. Application of environmental sampling to investigate a case of avian chlamydiosis in a pet store and breeding facility leading to mass bird exposures. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:572-577. [PMID: 37157946 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is a bacterium that causes chlamydiosis in birds and can cause zoonotic psittacosis in people. In November 2017, we received notification of a suspected case of avian chlamydiosis in a captive cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) that was sold by an online pet bird retail and breeding facility in Washington State. We describe the investigation with emphasis on how environmental sampling was used to guide veterinary and public health interventions. Bird samples were collected either from pooled droppings, pooled plumage or individual nasal and choanal swabs. Environmental samples were obtained by swabbing cleaning mops, tables and cage structures. All samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction and positive samples underwent genotyping. Approximately 1000 birds representing four taxonomic orders were kept within an open-space warehouse. Eight of 14 environmental samples and one of two pooled faecal samples were positive for Chlamydia spp. The contaminating strain of Chlamydia spp. was identified as genotype A. The facility was closed for environmental disinfection, and all psittacines were treated with oral doxycycline for 45 days. Ten of 10 environmental and two of two pooled faecal samples were negative for C. psittaci 11 months after the completion of environmental disinfection and antimicrobial treatment. This investigation highlights the importance of preventing and mitigating pathogen incursion in an online pet retail and breeding facility. Environmental sampling is valuable to guide animal and public health interventions for control of C. psittaci, particularly when large numbers of birds are exposed to the pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bonwitt
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | - Hanna N Oltean
- Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, USA
| | - Ron Wohrle
- Office of Environmental Public Health Sciences, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Brian Joseph
- Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, Washington, USA
- Lifestock Int'l, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brittany McHale
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Branson Ritchie
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Lodha L, Ananda AM, Ramachandran A, Manuel SP, Sannaiah SV, Mahadevan A, Mani RS. Evaluation of a rapid, chip-based, micro-PCR assay for detection of rabies virus in human and canine specimens. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29110. [PMID: 37728394 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Rabies, a lethal zoonotic encephalitis, remains a significant global health concern, causing an estimated 60 000 annual fatalities worldwide. Dogs serve as the primary reservoirs and vectors for transmitting this infection to humans. Definitive diagnosis of rabies in both human and animal cases necessitates laboratory testing involving various clinical specimens. However, the complexity of laboratory infrastructure and the need for skilled personnel, along with the challenge of maintaining cold-chain integrity during sample referral, hinder the decentralization of diagnostic facilities. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Truenat rabies assay, a rapid, portable, semiautomated, and closed PCR-based system, for the diagnosis of rabies in both humans and animals. The Truenat assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86.96% when compared with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT), as the reference standard, on 147 canine brain samples tested. Notably, the Truenat assay exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when tested on 48 human brain specimens. Furthermore, an examination of 148 human antemortem samples (cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and skin biopsy) using both the Truenat assay and a validated real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay revealed a κ value of 0.505, indicative of a moderate level of agreement between the two tests. Thus, the Truenat assay offers a robust, reliable, and affordable point-of-care solution to enhance rabies diagnostic capacity in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lonika Lodha
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ashwini M Ananda
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arya Ramachandran
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sathya Priya Manuel
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sujatha Valagere Sannaiah
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reeta S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Dyal J, Gandhi S, Cossaboom CM, Leach A, Patel K, Golden M, Canterino J, Landry ML, Cannon D, Choi M, Krapiunaya I, Klena JD, Shoemaker T. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Person Living with HIV, Connecticut, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1886-1889. [PMID: 37610188 PMCID: PMC10461659 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is an underreported cause of miscarriage and neurologic disease. Surveillance remains challenging because of nonspecific symptomatology, inconsistent case reporting, and difficulties with diagnostic testing. We describe a case of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in a person living with HIV in Connecticut, USA, identified by using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
Collapse
|
237
|
Robinson SJ, Borlang J, Himsworth CG, Pearl DL, Weese JS, Dibernardo A, Osiowy C, Nasheri N, Jardine CM. Rat Hepatitis E Virus in Norway Rats, Ontario, Canada, 2018-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1890-1894. [PMID: 37610234 PMCID: PMC10461677 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested liver samples from 372 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from southern Ontario, Canada, during 2018-2021 to investigate presence of hepatitis E virus infection. Overall, 21 (5.6%) rats tested positive for the virus. Sequence analysis demonstrated all infections to be rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti genotype C1).
Collapse
|
238
|
Remesar S, Cano-Terriza D, Morrondo P, Jiménez-Ruiz S, López CM, Jiménez-Martín D, Díaz P, Paniagua J, García-Bocanegra I. Molecular detection of Rickettsia spp. in wild ungulates and their ticks in Mediterranean areas of southwestern Spain. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:485-497. [PMID: 37264752 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife is an important reservoir of zoonotic pathogens. The objective of the present study was to assess the importance of wild ungulates in the epidemiology of Rickettsia spp. Ticks and spleen samples were collected from 262 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 83 wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in southwestern Spain over a 5-year period. DNA was extracted from tick pools (n = 191) and spleens (n = 345), and two nested PCR assays targeting the rOmpA and rOmpB genes were used to detect Rickettsia DNA. Five tick species were identified (Hyalomma lusitanicum, Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa and Haemaphysalis sulcata). Rickettsia DNA was detected in 31 (16.2%) tick pools and two red deer spleen samples (0.8%). Four validated Rickettsia species (R. slovaca, R. monacensis, R. helvetica and R. raoultii), one uncultivated species (Candidatus R. rioja) and two uncharacterized Rickettsia spp. were detected in ticks. R. helvetica and R. slovaca were also detected in spleen samples from red deer. The overall prevalence in ungulate spleen samples was lower than in tick pools suggesting that these ungulates do not play a major role in the transmission of Rickettsia spp. However, their importance as spreaders of positive ticks cannot be ruled out. The results present a challenge for the veterinary and public health communities since most of the Rickettsia spp. detected are pathogenic. Furthermore, the new Rickettsia species could be potential pathogens. For these reasons, identifying Rickettsia species present in ticks and wildlife is of particular interest to clarify their sylvatic cycle and establish appropriate control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Remesar
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud (ENZOEM), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud (ENZOEM), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (SaBio-IREC, UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Laboratório Associado (InBIO), Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning (BIOPOLIS), Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ceferino M López
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud (ENZOEM), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jorge Paniagua
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud (ENZOEM), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes desde la Perspectiva de Una Salud (ENZOEM), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
McCormick DW, Brown CM, Bjork J, Cervantes K, Esponda-Morrison B, Garrett J, Kwit N, Mathewson A, McGinnis C, Notarangelo M, Osborn R, Schiffman E, Sohail H, Schwartz AM, Hinckley AF, Kugeler KJ. Characteristics of Hard Tick Relapsing Fever Caused by Borrelia miyamotoi, United States, 2013-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29. [PMID: 37610298 PMCID: PMC10461660 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.221912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Borrelia miyamotoi, transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks, was recognized as an agent of hard tick relapsing fever in the United States in 2013. Nine state health departments in the Northeast and Midwest have conducted public health surveillance for this emerging condition by using a shared, working surveillance case definition. During 2013-2019, a total of 300 cases were identified through surveillance; 166 (55%) were classified as confirmed and 134 (45%) as possible. Median age of case-patients was 52 years (range 1-86 years); 52% were male. Most cases (70%) occurred during June-September, with a peak in August. Fever and headache were common symptoms; 28% of case-patients reported recurring fevers, 55% had arthralgia, and 16% had a rash. Thirteen percent of patients were hospitalized, and no deaths were reported. Ongoing surveillance will improve understanding of the incidence and clinical severity of this emerging disease.
Collapse
|
240
|
Hossain ME, Kennedy KJ, Wilson HL, Spratt D, Koehler A, Gasser RB, Šlapeta J, Hawkins CA, Bandi HP, Senanayake SN. Human Neural Larva Migrans Caused by Ophidascaris robertsi Ascarid. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1900-1903. [PMID: 37610238 PMCID: PMC10461669 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a case in Australia of human neural larva migrans caused by the ascarid Ophidascaris robertsi, for which Australian carpet pythons are definitive hosts. We made the diagnosis after a live nematode was removed from the brain of a 64-year-old woman who was immunosuppressed for a hypereosinophilic syndrome diagnosed 12 months earlier.
Collapse
|
241
|
Koller KK, Kernbach ME, Reese D, Unnasch TR, Martin LB. House Sparrows Vary Seasonally in Their Ability to Transmit West Nile Virus. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:332-341. [PMID: 37713719 DOI: 10.1086/725888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSeasonality in infectious disease prevalence is predominantly attributed to changes in exogenous risk factors. For vectored pathogens, high abundance, activity, and/or diversity of vectors can exacerbate disease risk for hosts. Conversely, many host defenses, particularly immune responses, are seasonally variable. Seasonality in host defenses has been attributed, in part, to the proximate (i.e., metabolic) and ultimate (i.e., reproductive fitness) costs of defense. In this study, our goal was to discern whether any seasonality is observable in how a common avian host, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), copes with a common zoonotic arbovirus, the West Nile virus (WNV), when hosts are studied under controlled conditions. We hypothesized that if host biorhythms play a role in vector-borne disease seasonality, birds would be most vulnerable to WNV when breeding and/or molting (i.e., when other costly physiological activities are underway) and thus most transmissive of WNV at these times of year (unless birds died from infection). Overall, the results only partly supported our hypothesis. Birds were most transmissive of WNV in fall (after their molt is complete and when WNV is most prevalent in the environment), but WNV resistance, WNV tolerance, and WNV-dependent mortality did not vary among seasons. These results collectively imply that natural arboviral cycles could be partially underpinned by endogenous physiological changes in hosts. However, other disease systems warrant study, as this result could be specific to the nonnative and highly commensal nature of the house sparrow or a consequence of the relative recency of the arrival of WNV to the United States.
Collapse
|
242
|
Kaiser RM, Cash-Goldwasser S, Lehnertz N, Griffith J, Ruprecht A, Stanton J, Feldpausch A, Pavlick J, Bruen CA, Perez-Molinar D, Peglow SR, Akinsete OO, Morris SB, Raizes E, Gregory C, Lynfield R. Pharyngeal Co-Infections with Monkeypox Virus and Group A Streptococcus, United States, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1855-1858. [PMID: 37437558 PMCID: PMC10461671 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report 2 cases of pharyngeal monkeypox virus and group A Streptococcus co-infection in the United States. No rash was observed when pharyngitis symptoms began. One patient required intubation before mpox was diagnosed. Healthcare providers should be aware of oropharyngeal mpox manifestations and possible co-infections; early treatment might prevent serious complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Lehnertz
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Jayne Griffith
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Alison Ruprecht
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - John Stanton
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Amanda Feldpausch
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Jessica Pavlick
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Charles A. Bruen
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - David Perez-Molinar
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - S. Rebecca Peglow
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Omobosola O. Akinsete
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Sapna Bamrah Morris
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Elliot Raizes
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Christopher Gregory
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| | - Ruth Lynfield
- HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (R.M. Kaiser, C.A. Bruen, D. Perez-Molinar, S.R. Peglow, O.O. Akinsete)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Cash-Goldwasser, S. Bamrah Morris, E. Raizes, C. Gregory)
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul (N. Lehnertz, J. Griffith, A. Ruprecht, R. Lynfield)
- Positive Impact Health Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA (J. Stanton)
- Emory University, Atlanta (J. Stanton)
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta (A. Feldpausch, J. Pavlick)
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Niczyporuk JS, Kozdrun W, Czujkowska A, Blanchard Y, Helle M, Dheilly NM, Gonzalez G. West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Free-Living Corvus cornix Birds in Poland. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:417. [PMID: 37624355 PMCID: PMC10459098 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The summer temperatures recorded in Poland in 2022 were among the highest in over 30 years and, combined with higher-than-expected rainfall, gave the impression of an almost tropical climate. Such climatic conditions were ideal for the transmission of vector-borne zoonotic diseases such as West Nile fever. In northeastern Poland, in the Mazowieckie region, the Polish event-based surveillance network reported increased fatalities of free-living hooded crows (Corvus corone cornix). West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 was identified for the first time as the etiological agent responsible for the death of the birds. WNV was detected in 17 out of the 99 (17.17%) free-living birds tested in this study. All the WNV-infected dead birds were collected in the same area and were diagnosed in September by the NVRI and confirmed by the EURL for equine diseases, ANSES, in October 2022. Unnaturally high temperatures recorded in Poland in 2022 likely favored the infection and spread of the virus in the avian population. A nationwide alert and awareness raising of blood transfusion centers and hospitals was carried out to prevent human infections by WNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jowita S. Niczyporuk
- National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Department of Poultry Diseases, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozdrun
- National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Department of Poultry Diseases, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czujkowska
- Rehabilitation Center for Protected National Birds “Bird Asylum”, Av. Ratuszowa 1/3, 03-461 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Université de Rennes 1, 22440 Ploufragan, France;
| | - Mariteragi Helle
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France (N.M.D.)
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France (N.M.D.)
| | - Gaelle Gonzalez
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France (N.M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Peralta RDC, Cuntó RAC, Moreta CY, Lapo GEG, Sierra RLV, Villalba LRL, Gómez BJP, Landires EAG, Ramallo G. Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst from Domestic Dogs: A Case Report from an Urban-Marginal Area in Ecuador. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e940647. [PMID: 37574793 PMCID: PMC10437080 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic hydatidosis, or echinococcosis, is a zoonosis with worldwide prevalence and is potentially lethal in humans. This report presents a case of hydatidosis in a 40-year-old woman that was associated with a zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic dogs in an urban-marginal area of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. This report shows how early diagnosis and awareness favored the correct treatment of the disease. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman from the aforementioned sector presented the following symptoms: malaise, pain in the upper right hypochondrium, palpable mass, jaundice, and fever. Next, the patient's fecal samples were analyzed by direct coproparasitic methods, flotation, and sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution, whereby the presence of Entamoeba histolytica eggs was determined. Likewise, she underwent an ultrasound, in which hepatic hydatid cysts were observed. Subsequently, the cysts were treated and surgically removed, and parasitic forms of E. granulosus were identified. Later, coproparasitic analysis of her 2 domestic dogs for coproantigen ELISA were performed, by which the presence of this cestode was also identified and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis is a zoonosis that can affect the population, especially in endemic areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. In this case, hepatic hydatidosis was identified in a 40-year-old woman. Additionally, the presence of E. granulosus eggs was determined in the fecal matter of her dogs, which indicated that the patient's relatives and other people around them were exposed to this zoonosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Darwin Coello Peralta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Antonio Coello Cuntó
- Anatomy Laboratory, Medical Career, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Yancha Moreta
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luís Renato León Villalba
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology and Tropical Medicine LEMMT, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Geraldine Ramallo
- Instituto de Invertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Mancuso E, Di Domenico M, Di Gialleonardo L, Menegon M, Toma L, Di Luca M, Casale F, Di Donato G, D’Onofrio L, De Rosa A, Riello S, Ferri A, Serra L, Monaco F. Tick Species Diversity and Molecular Identification of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Collected from Migratory Birds Arriving from Africa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2036. [PMID: 37630596 PMCID: PMC10458931 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of migratory birds in the spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens along their routes from Africa to Europe is increasingly emerging. Wild birds can host several tick species, often infected by bacteria responsible for zoonoses. The aim of the study is to assess the possible introduction of exotic ticks carried by migratory birds into Italy from Africa and to detect the presence of Rickettsia species and Coxiella burnetii they may harbor. During a two-year survey, we collected ticks from migratory birds captured during their short stop-over on Ventotene Island. Specimens were first identified by morphology or sequencing molecular targets when needed, and then tested by real-time PCR for the presence of selected pathogens. A total of 91% of the collection consisted of sub-Saharan ticks, more than 50% of which were infected by Rickettsia species belonging to the spotted fever group, mainly represented by R. aeschlimannii. In contrast, the suspected C. burnetii detected in two soft ticks were confirmed as Coxiella-like endosymbionts and not the pathogen. Although there are still gaps in the knowledge of this dispersal process, our findings confirm the role of migratory birds in the spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, suggesting the need for a continuous surveillance to monitor the potential emergence of new diseases in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mancuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Luigina Di Gialleonardo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Michela Menegon
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Reparto Malattie Trasmesse da Vettori, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Luciano Toma
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Reparto Malattie Trasmesse da Vettori, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Di Luca
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Reparto Malattie Trasmesse da Vettori, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Casale
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Reparto Malattie Trasmesse da Vettori, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.T.); (M.D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Guido Di Donato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura D’Onofrio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Angela De Rosa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Riello
- Riserva Naturale Statale “Isole di Ventotene e Santo Stefano”, 04031 Ventotene, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ferri
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Serra
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (L.D.G.); (G.D.D.); (L.D.); (A.D.R.); (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Martí-Marco A, Moratal S, Torres-Blas I, Cardells J, Lizana V, Dea-Ayuela MA. Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Potentially Zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) from Eastern Spain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2501. [PMID: 37570308 PMCID: PMC10416950 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoans Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common causes of gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. While both are commonly documented in domestic animals, few studies have analysed their presence in wildlife. To assess the prevalence of both parasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Valencian Community (eastern Spain), 498 wild boar faecal samples were collected from 2018 to 2022. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected by performing a nested PCR targeting a 578 bp sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. For G. duodenalis, a qPCR amplifying a fragment of 62 bp from the SSU rRNA was employed. Positive samples were genotyped for glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes. Different epidemiological factors were considered potential modulating variables in the transmission of both parasites. G. duodenalis prevalence was 1.20%, while Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence reached 21.7%. Coinfection was observed in 0.2%. Genotyping of G. duodenalis isolates only detected genotype E. Two species of Cryptosporidium spp. were identified: Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis. The results of this study demonstrate that the exposure to Cryptosporidium spp. in wild boars is high, particularly among young individuals belonging to the Typical Mediterranean climate. Moreover, the probability of infection is dependent on both the season and the density of wild boars. On the other side, exposure to G. duodenalis seems scarce and is influenced, in turn, by the climate. Both Cryptosporidium species detected in the present study have been reported in humans. Due to wild boar increasing in number and their colonisation of urban and peri-urban areas, this could represent an inherent health risk for the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martí-Marco
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (S.M.); (J.C.)
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Samantha Moratal
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (S.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Irene Torres-Blas
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jesús Cardells
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (S.M.); (J.C.)
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Victor Lizana
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (S.M.); (J.C.)
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Ramón y Cajal, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Bohou Kombila L, N’dilimabaka N, Garcia D, Rieu O, Engone Ondo JD, Ndong Mebaley T, Boundenga L, Fritz M, Lenguiya LH, Maganga GD, Leroy EM, Becquart P, Mombo IM. Molecular Identification of Enteric Viruses in Domestic Animals in Northeastern Gabon, Central Africa. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2512. [PMID: 37570320 PMCID: PMC10417819 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs), enteroviruses (EVs), and caliciviruses (CaVs) infect several vertebrate taxa. Transmitted through the fecal-oral route, these enteric viruses are highly resistant and can survive in the environment, thereby increasing their zoonotic potential. Here, we screened for AstVs, EVs, and CaVs to investigate the role of domestic animals in the emergence of zoonoses, because they are situated at the human/wildlife interface, particularly in rural forested areas in Central Africa. Rectal swabs were obtained from 123 goats, 41 sheep, and 76 dogs in 10 villages located in northeastern Gabon. Extracted RNA reverse-transcribed into cDNA was used to detect AstVs, EVs, and CaVs by amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), or capsid protein (VP1) gene using PCR. A total of 23 samples tested positive, including 17 goats for AstVs, 2 goats, 2 sheep, 1 dog for EVs, and 1 dog for CaVs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that AstV RdRp sequences clustered with sheep-, goat-, or bovine-related AstVs. In addition, one goat and two sheep VP1 sequences clustered with caprine/ovine-related Evs within the Enterovirus G species, and the CaV was a canine vesivirus. However, human-pathogenic Evs, EV-B80 and EV-C99, were detected in goats and dogs, raising questions on the maintenance of viruses able to infect humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bohou Kombila
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales (UEMV), Département de Virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon; (L.B.K.); (N.N.); (T.N.M.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Nadine N’dilimabaka
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales (UEMV), Département de Virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon; (L.B.K.); (N.N.); (T.N.M.); (G.D.M.)
- Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville BP 941, Gabon
| | - Déborah Garcia
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Océane Rieu
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Jéordy Dimitri Engone Ondo
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées (UIRPA), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon;
| | - Telstar Ndong Mebaley
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales (UEMV), Département de Virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon; (L.B.K.); (N.N.); (T.N.M.); (G.D.M.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Unité de Recherche en Écologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon;
| | - Matthieu Fritz
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Gael Darren Maganga
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales (UEMV), Département de Virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon; (L.B.K.); (N.N.); (T.N.M.); (G.D.M.)
- Institut National Supérieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville BP 913, Gabon
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre Becquart
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Illich Manfred Mombo
- Unité Émergence des Maladies Virales (UEMV), Département de Virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon; (L.B.K.); (N.N.); (T.N.M.); (G.D.M.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC) (Université de Montpellier—IRD 224–CNRS 5290), 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.G.); (O.R.); (M.F.); (E.M.L.); (P.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Pawar SD, Kode SS, Keng SS, Tare DS, Pande SA. Spatio-temporal distribution & seasonality of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 & H5N8 outbreaks in India, 2006-2021. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:113-118. [PMID: 37675691 PMCID: PMC10645038 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2002_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H5N8 viruses have been one of the leading causes of avian diseases worldwide, resulting in severe economic losses and posing potential zoonotic risk. There are no reports on the correlation of the seasonality of H5N1 and H5N8 viruses with the migratory bird season in India, along with the species affected. The present report describes the distribution and seasonality of HPAI outbreaks in India from 2006 to 2021. Methods The data on the occurrence and locations of outbreaks in India and affected bird species were collated from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database and grouped by month and year. The distribution and seasonality of HPAI H5N1 and H5N8 viruses were analyzed. Results A total of 284 H5N1 outbreaks were reported since 2006, with a surge in 2021. The initial outbreaks of H5N1 were predominantly in poultry. Since 2016, 57 outbreaks of H5N8 were also reported, predominantly in wild birds. Most of the outbreaks of HPAI were reported from post monsoon onwards till pre-summer season (i.e. between October and March) with their peak in winter, in January. Apart from poultry, the bird species such as owl, Indian peafowl, lesser adjutant, crows and wild migratory birds such as demoiselle crane, northern pintail and bar-headed goose were positive for HPAI. Interpretation & conclusions Such studies on the seasonality of HPAI outbreaks would help in the development of prevention and control strategies. The recent human infections of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in wild, resident, migratory birds and in poultry along with One Health studies in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh D. Pawar
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana S. Kode
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin S. Keng
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha S. Tare
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Rowe D, McDermott C, Veliz Y, Kerr A, Whiteside M, Coss M, Huff C, Leal A, Kopp E, LaCrue A, Heberlein LA, Adams LE, Santiago GA, Munoz-Jordan JL, Paz-Bailey G, Morrison AM. Dengue Outbreak Response during COVID-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, USA, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1643-1647. [PMID: 37385262 PMCID: PMC10370846 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.221856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a dengue outbreak in Key Largo, Florida, USA, from February through August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful community engagement resulted in 61% of case-patients self-reporting. We also describe COVID-19 pandemic effects on the dengue outbreak investigation and the need to increase clinician awareness of dengue testing recommendations.
Collapse
|
250
|
Loayza Mafayle R, Morales-Betoulle ME, Whitmer S, Cossaboom C, Revollo J, Loayza NM, Méndez HA, Chuquimia Valdez JA, Subieta FA, Espinoza Morales MX, Canedo Sánchez MV, Romero MER, Brault AC, Hugues HR, Mendez-Rico J, Malenfant JH, Shoemaker T, Klena JD, Montgomery JM, Marquina Salas JD. Rio Negro Virus Infection, Bolivia, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1705-1708. [PMID: 37486719 PMCID: PMC10370837 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.221885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2021, an agricultural worker originally from Trementinal, Argentina, sought treatment for febrile illness in Tarija, Bolivia, where he resided at the time of illness onset. The patient tested negative for hantavirus RNA, but next-generation sequencing of a serum sample yielded a complete genome for Rio Negro virus.
Collapse
|