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Ma S, Zhu F, Wen H, Rao M, Zhang P, Peng W, Cui Y, Yang H, Tan C, Chen J, Pan P. Development of a novel multi-epitope vaccine based on capsid and envelope protein against Chikungunya virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7024-7036. [PMID: 37526203 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a type A virus borne by mosquitoes that can cause major clinical manifestations including rash, fever and debilitating arthritis, grown into a reemerging serious public health issue. Currently, there is no licensed therapy or vaccine available for CHIKV, although the most promising form of treatment appears to be immunotherapy. Neutralizing antibodies for CHIKV can provide high protection for all CHIKV strains, as well as other alphaviruses. Development of a protective vaccine may be an effective strategy to prevent the outbreak of CHIKV and provide protection for travelers. In this study, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine with a 543-amino-acid structure based on the E1, E2 and capsid proteins of CHIKV, including 6 CTL epitopes, 6 HTL epitopes, 12 linear B epitopes, along with the adjuvant β-defensin III. All T-cell epitopes were docked with their corresponding MHC alleles to validate their effect on inducing immune responses, and the vaccine's sequence was proven to have acceptable physicochemical properties. Further, the developed vaccine was docked with TLR3 and TLR8, both of which play an important role in recognizing RNA viruses. Basic analyses of the docked complexes and molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the vaccine interacted strongly with TLRs. Immunological simulations indicated that the vaccine could induce both cellular and humoral immunity. Hopefully, this proposed vaccine structure can serve as a viable candidate against CHIKV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haicheng Wen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjun Rao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Tan
- Department of Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yuan L, Zhang S, Bi R, Liu X, Han Z, Li M, Liao X, Xie T, Bai S, Xie Q, Luo C, Jiang Y, Yuan J, Luo H, Yan H, Sun C, Shu Y. A broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against seasonal influenza A and B viruses in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105269. [PMID: 39111250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses pose a persistent threat to global public health, necessitating the development of innovative and broadly effective vaccines. METHODS This study focuses on a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) designed to provide broad-spectrum protection against different influenza viruses. The MEV, containing 19 B-cell linear epitopes, 7 CD4+ T cells, and 11 CD8+ T cells epitopes identified through enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) in influenza viruses infected mice, was administered through a regimen of two doses of DNA vaccine followed by one dose of a protein vaccine in C57BL/6 female mice. FINDINGS Upon lethal challenge with both seasonal circulating strains (H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY) and historical strains (H1N1-PR8 and H3N2-X31), MEV demonstrated substantial protection against different influenza seasonal strains, with partial efficacy against historical strains. Notably, the increased germinal centre B cells and antibody-secreting cells, along with robust T cell immune responses, highlighted the comprehensive immune defence elicited by MEV. Elevated hemagglutinin inhibition antibody was also observed against seasonal circulating and historical strains. Additionally, mice vaccinated with MEV exhibited significantly lower counts of inflammatory cells in the lungs compared to negative control groups. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrated the efficacy of a broad-spectrum MEV against influenza viruses in mice. Conducting long-term studies to evaluate the durability of MEV-induced immune responses and explore its potential application in diverse populations will offer valuable insights for the continued advancement of this promising vaccine. FUNDING Funding bodies are described in the Acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Shengze Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Rongjun Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Xuejie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Zirong Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Shaohui Bai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Chuming Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, PR China.
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, PR China.
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Military Theatre, 510610, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102629, PR China.
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Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Thwaites RS, Kedzierska K. Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1. [PMID: 38698083 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses remain a global threat to human health, with continued pandemic potential. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the optimal immune responses that drive recovery from influenza virus infection, highlighting the fine balance between protective immune mechanisms and detrimental immunopathology. We describe the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells, inflammatory modulators and antibodies to influenza virus-specific immunity, inflammation and immunopathology. We highlight recent human influenza virus challenge studies that advance our understanding of susceptibility to influenza and determinants of symptomatic disease. We also describe studies of influenza virus-specific immunity in high-risk groups following infection and vaccination that inform the design of future vaccines to promote optimal antiviral immunity, particularly in vulnerable populations. Finally, we draw on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to refocus our attention to the ever-changing, highly mutable influenza A virus, predicted to cause future global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mosmann TR, McMichael AJ, LeVert A, McCauley JW, Almond JW. Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8. [PMID: 38698082 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination remains our main defence against influenza, which causes substantial annual mortality and poses a serious pandemic threat. Influenza virus evades immunity by rapidly changing its surface antigens but, even when the vaccine is well matched to the current circulating virus strains, influenza vaccines are not as effective as many other vaccines. Influenza vaccine development has traditionally focused on the induction of protective antibodies, but there is mounting evidence that T cell responses are also protective against influenza. Thus, future vaccines designed to promote both broad T cell effector functions and antibodies may provide enhanced protection. As we discuss, such vaccines present several challenges that require new strategic and economic considerations. Vaccine-induced T cells relevant to protection may reside in the lungs or lymphoid tissues, requiring more invasive assays to assess the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. T cell functions may contain and resolve infection rather than completely prevent infection and early illness, requiring vaccine effectiveness to be assessed based on the prevention of severe disease and death rather than symptomatic infection. It can be complex and costly to measure T cell responses and infrequent clinical outcomes, and thus innovations in clinical trial design are needed for economic reasons. Nevertheless, the goal of more effective influenza vaccines justifies renewed and intensive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W Almond
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cankat S, Demael MU, Swadling L. In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:103-118. [PMID: 38148330 PMCID: PMC10805787 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history. In this review, we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus family. We will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 and 229E) in humans and the potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses. We will highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine design. We will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer cross-protection. Finally, we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cankat
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK
| | - M U Demael
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK
| | - L Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
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Song WW, Wan MY, She JY, Zhao SL, Liu DJ, Chang HY, Deng L. Sequential Immunizations with Influenza Neuraminidase Protein Followed by Peptide Nanoclusters Induce Heterologous Protection. Viruses 2024; 16:77. [PMID: 38257777 PMCID: PMC10819419 DOI: 10.3390/v16010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cross-protections against diverse influenza viruses is desired for influenza vaccinations. Neuraminidase (NA)-specific antibody responses have been found to independently correlate with a broader influenza protection spectrum. Here, we report a sequential immunization regimen that includes priming with NA protein followed by boosting with peptide nanoclusters, with which targeted enhancement of antibody responses in BALB/c mice to certain cross-protective B-cell epitopes of NA was achieved. The nanoclusters were fabricated via desolvation with absolute ethanol and were only composed of composite peptides. Unlike KLH conjugates, peptide nanoclusters would not induce influenza-unrelated immunity. We found that the incorporation of a hemagglutinin peptide of H2-d class II restriction into the composite peptides could be beneficial in enhancing the NA peptide-specific antibody response. Of note, boosters with N2 peptide nanoclusters induced stronger serum cross-reactivities to heterologous N2 and even heterosubtypic N7 and N9 than triple immunizations with the prototype recombinant tetrameric (rt) N2. The mouse challenge experiments with HK68 H3N2 also demonstrated the strong effectiveness of the peptide nanocluster boosters in conferring heterologous protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Mu-Yang Wan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Jia-Yue She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Shi-Long Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - De-Jian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
| | - Hai-Yan Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (W.-W.S.); (M.-Y.W.); (J.-Y.S.); (S.-L.Z.); (D.-J.L.)
- Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
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Yuan L, Li X, Li M, Bi R, Li Y, Song J, Li W, Yan M, Luo H, Sun C, Shu Y. In silico design of a broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against influenza virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128071. [PMID: 37967595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza remains a global health concern due to its potential to cause pandemics as a result of rapidly mutating influenza virus strains. Existing vaccines often struggle to keep up with these rapidly mutating flu viruses. Therefore, the development of a broad-spectrum peptide vaccine that can stimulate an optimal antibody response has emerged as an innovative approach to addressing the influenza threat. In this study, an immunoinformatic approach was employed to rapidly predict immunodominant epitopes from different antigens, aiming to develop an effective multiepitope influenza vaccine (MEV). The immunodominant B-cell linear epitopes of seasonal influenza strains hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) were predicted using an antibody-peptide microarray, involving a human cohort including vaccinees and infected patients. On the other hand, bioinformatics tools were used to predict immunodominant cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) and helper T-cell (HTL) epitopes. Subsequently, these epitopes were evaluated by various immunoinformatic tools. Epitopes with high antigenicity, high immunogenicity, non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, as well as exemplary conservation were then connected in series with appropriate linkers and adjuvants to construct a broad-spectrum MEV. Moreover, the structural analysis revealed that the MEV candidates exhibited good stability, and the docking results demonstrated their strong affinity to Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). In addition, molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stable interaction between TLR4 and MEVs. Three injections with MEVs showed a high level of B-cell and T-cell immune responses according to the immunological simulations in silico. Furthermore, in-silico cloning was performed, and the results indicated that the MEVs could be produced in considerable quantities in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Based on these findings, it is reasonable to create a broad-spectrum MEV against different subtypes of influenza A and B viruses in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Xu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Rongjun Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Jiaping Song
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Mingchen Yan
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, PR China.
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Leroux-Roels I, Willems P, Waerlop G, Janssens Y, Tourneur J, De Boever F, Bruhwyler J, Alhatemi A, Jacobs B, Nicolas F, Leroux-Roels G, Le Vert A. Immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary efficacy evaluation of OVX836, a nucleoprotein-based universal influenza A vaccine candidate: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1360-1369. [PMID: 37517422 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OVX836, a recombinant vaccine containing the nucleoprotein of the influenza A virus A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) and the oligomerisation domain OVX313, has displayed a good safety profile and elicited dose-dependent humoral and cellular immune responses at 90 μg or 180 μg (intramuscularly) in previous clinical trials. The aim of this study was to explore higher doses, since no maximum tolerated dose had been reached. METHODS In this phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we recruited 137 healthy adults aged 18-55 years in a single centre in Belgium. Participants were randomly assigned (interactive web response system; block size=4) using SAS (version 9.4) to receive one single intramuscular administration of OVX836 influenza vaccine at three doses (180 μg [n=33], 300 μg [n=35], and 480 μg [n=36]) or placebo (n=33). The two primary endpoints were the safety and the cell-mediated immune response to OVX836 at the three doses in terms of change of nucleoprotein-specific IFNγ spot forming cell (SFC) frequencies in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population, measured by IFNγ ELISpot, at day 8 versus pre-injection baseline (day 1). The population used for the safety analysis is the modified intention-to-treat cohort. The population used for the immunogenicity analysis is the per-protocol cohort. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05060887, and EudraCT, 2021-002535-39. FINDINGS Participants were recruited between Nov 15, 2021, and Feb 1, 2022. OVX836 had a favourable safety profile up to 480 μg without reaching the maximum tolerated dose, and showed a good safety profile at all doses with mild local and systemic reactogenicity. 7 days after vaccination, although no significant differences were observed between the doses, OVX836 increased the frequency of nucleoprotein-specific IFNγ SFCs per million PBMCs from days 1 to 8 (primary endpoint): by 124 SFCs per 106 PMBCs (95% CI 67 to 180; p=0·002) at 180 μg; by 202 SFCs per 106 PMBCs (95% CI 138 to 267; p<0·0001) at 300 μg; by 223 SFCs per 106 PMBCs (95% CI 147 to 299; p<0·0001) at 480 μg; and decreased by 1 SFCs per 106 PMBCs (95% CI -24 to 22] in the placebo group (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0·0001 followed by Mann-Whitney's tests; per-protocol cohort). Dose-dependent and polyfunctional nucleoprotein-specific CD4 T-cell responses were observed, and CD8 T-cell responses were elicited at 300 μg and 480 μg (secondary endpoints). INTERPRETATION OVX836 appears to be a safe and well tolerated candidate vaccine that elicits humoral and cellular nucleoprotein-specific immune responses (including CD8 T cells at the highest dose levels) and showed a preliminary signal of protection against influenza. Therefore, OVX836 is a promising vaccine candidate for universal influenza A prevention, that warrants further trials. FUNDING OSIVAX, Bpifrance, Wallonia Region, and the EUs Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program.
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Abo YN, Jamrozik E, McCarthy JS, Roestenberg M, Steer AC, Osowicki J. Strategic and scientific contributions of human challenge trials for vaccine development: facts versus fantasy. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e533-e546. [PMID: 37573871 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented speed of delivery of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic vaccines has redefined the limits for all vaccine development. Beyond the aspirational 100-day timeline for tomorrow's hypothetical pandemic vaccines, there is a sense of optimism that development of other high priority vaccines can be accelerated. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, an intense and polarised academic and public discourse arose concerning the role of human challenge trials for vaccine development. A case was made for human challenge trials as a powerful tool to establish early proof-of-concept of vaccine efficacy in humans, inform vaccine down selection, and address crucial knowledge gaps regarding transmission, pathogenesis, and immune protection. We review the track record of human challenge trials contributing to the development of vaccines for 19 different pathogens and discuss relevant limitations, barriers, and pitfalls. This Review also highlights opportunities for efforts to broaden the scope and boost the effects of human challenge trials, to accelerate all vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara-Natalie Abo
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Euzebiusz Jamrozik
- Ethox and Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Monash-WHO Collaborating Centre for Bioethics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James S McCarthy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Controlled Human Infections Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua Osowicki
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1747. [PMID: 38140152 PMCID: PMC10747533 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated to antigenically match the circulating viruses. The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is much more conserved than HA and NA, and thus seems to be a promising target for the design of improved influenza vaccines with broad cross-reactivity against antigenically diverse influenza viruses. Traditional subunit or recombinant protein influenza vaccines do not contain the NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) express the viral NP within infected cells, thus inducing strong NP-specific antibodies and T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored to design broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at the T-cell mode of immunity. Although the NP is highly conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due to selective immune pressure, meaning that the particular NP antigen selected for vaccine design may have a significant impact on the overall immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data on the conservation of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials of NP-targeting influenza vaccine prototypes, focusing on the ability of NP-specific immune responses to protect against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.R.); (I.I.-S.)
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11
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Chaudhuri D, Majumder S, Datta J, Giri K. In silico designing of an epitope-based peptide vaccine cocktail against Nipah virus: an Indian population-based epidemiological study. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:380. [PMID: 37955744 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus, a zoonotic virus from the family Paramyxoviridae has led to significant loss of lives till date with the most recent outbreak in India reported in Kerala. The virus has a considerably high mortality rate along with lack of characteristic symptoms which results in the delay of the virus detection. No specific vaccine is available for the virus although monoclonal antibody treatment has been seen to be effective along with favipiravir. The high mortality and complications caused by the virus underscores the necessity to develop alternative modes of vaccination. One such method has been designed in this study using peptide cocktail consisting of the immunologically important epitopes for use as vaccine. The human leucocytic antigens that are used for the study were analyzed for their presence in various ethnic Indian populations. This study may serve as a new avenue for development of more efficient peptide cocktail vaccines in recent future based on the population genetics and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Chaudhuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Satyabrata Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Joyeeta Datta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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12
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van Bergen J, Camps MG, Pardieck IN, Veerkamp D, Leung WY, Leijs AA, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Arens R, Zondag GC, Ossendorp F. Multiantigen pan-sarbecovirus DNA vaccines generate protective T cell immune responses. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172488. [PMID: 37707962 PMCID: PMC10721273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the third zoonotic coronavirus to cause a major outbreak in humans in recent years, and many more SARS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential are circulating in several animal species. Vaccines inducing T cell immunity against broadly conserved viral antigens may protect against hospitalization and death caused by outbreaks of such viruses. We report the design and preclinical testing of 2 T cell-based pan-sarbecovirus vaccines, based on conserved regions within viral proteins of sarbecovirus isolates of human and other carrier animals, like bats and pangolins. One vaccine (CoVAX_ORF1ab) encoded antigens derived from nonstructural proteins, and the other (CoVAX_MNS) encoded antigens from structural proteins. Both multiantigen DNA vaccines contained a large set of antigens shared across sarbecoviruses and were rich in predicted and experimentally validated human T cell epitopes. In mice, the multiantigen vaccines generated both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to shared epitopes. Upon encounter of full-length spike antigen, CoVAX_MNS-induced CD4+ T cells were responsible for accelerated CD8+ T cell and IgG Ab responses specific to the incoming spike, irrespective of its sarbecovirus origin. Finally, both vaccines elicited partial protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-transgenic mice. These results support clinical testing of these universal sarbecovirus vaccines for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel G.M. Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris N. Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Veerkamp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wing Yan Leung
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. Leijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerben C. Zondag
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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13
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Zhang Y, Kang X, Liu S, Han P, Lei W, Xu K, Xu Z, Gao Z, Zhou X, An Y, Han Y, Liu K, Zhao X, Dai L, Wang P, Wu G, Qi J, Xu K, Gao GF. Broad protective RBD heterotrimer vaccines neutralize SARS-CoV-2 including Omicron sub-variants XBB/BQ.1.1/BF.7. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011659. [PMID: 37721934 PMCID: PMC10538664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants with severe immune evasion are a major challenge for COVID-19 prevention, especially the circulating Omicron XBB/BQ.1.1/BF.7 strains. Thus, the next-generation of broad-spectrum vaccines are urgently needed. Previously, we developed a COVID-19 protein subunit vaccine, ZF2001, based on the RBD-homodimer as the immunogen. To adapt SARS-CoV-2 variants, we developed chimeric RBD-heterodimers to induce broad immune responses. In this study, we further explored the concept of tandem RBD homotrimer and heterotrimer. Prototype SARS-CoV-2 RBD-homotrimer, prototype-Delta-BA.1 (PDO) RBD-heterotrimer and Delta-BA.2-BA.5 (DBA2BA5) RBD-heterotrimer were designed. Biochemical and cryo-EM structural characterization demonstrated total epitope exposure of the RBD-trimers. In mouse experiments, PDO and DBA2BA5 elicited broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants was observed in challenge assays and was correlated with neutralizing antibody titer. This study validated the design strategy of tandem RBD-heterotrimers as multivalent immunogens and presented a promising vaccine candidate, DBA2BA5, eliciting broad-spectrum immune responses, including against the circulating XBB/BF.7/BQ.1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrui Kang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaling An
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Atmar RL, Bernstein DI, Winokur P, Frey SE, Angelo LS, Bryant C, Ben-Yedidia T, Roberts PC, El Sahly HM, Keitel WA. Safety and immunogenicity of Multimeric-001 (M-001) followed by seasonal quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young adults - A randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:2716-2722. [PMID: 36941155 PMCID: PMC10396309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuing evolution of influenza viruses poses a challenge to vaccine prevention, highlighting the need for a universal influenza vaccine. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of one such candidate, Multimeric-001 (M-001), when used as a priming vaccine prior to administration of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4). METHODS Healthy adults 18 to 49 years of age were enrolled in a phase 2 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Participants received two doses of either 1.0-mg M-001 or saline placebo (60 per study arm) on Days 1 and 22 followed by a single dose of IIV4 on about Day 172. Safety, reactogenicity, cellular immune responses and influenza hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) were assessed. RESULTS The M-001 vaccine was safe and had an acceptable reactogenicity profile. Injection site tenderness (39% post-dose 1, 29% post-dose 2) was the most common reaction after M-001 administration. Polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses (perforin-negative, CD107α-negative, TNF-α+, IFN-γ+, with or without IL-2) to the pool of M-001 peptides increased significantly from baseline to two weeks after the second dose of M-001, and this increase persisted through Day 172. However, there was no enhancement of HAI or MN antibody responses among M-001 recipients following IIV4 administration. CONCLUSIONS M-001 administration induced a subset of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells that persisted through 6 months of follow-up, but it did not improve HAI or MN antibody responses to IIV4. (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03058692).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Atmar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - David I Bernstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patricia Winokur
- University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Laura S Angelo
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wendy A Keitel
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Lieber CM, Aggarwal M, Yoon JJ, Cox RM, Kang HJ, Sourimant J, Toots M, Johnson SK, Jones CA, Sticher ZM, Kolykhalov AA, Saindane MT, Tompkins SM, Planz O, Painter GR, Natchus MG, Sakamoto K, Plemper RK. 4'-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011342. [PMID: 37068076 PMCID: PMC10138230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza outbreaks are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and economic burden. Next generation antivirals are needed to treat seasonal infections and prepare against zoonotic spillover of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. Having previously identified oral efficacy of the nucleoside analog 4'-Fluorouridine (4'-FlU, EIDD-2749) against SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we explored activity of the compound against seasonal and highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI) viruses in cell culture, human airway epithelium (HAE) models, and/or two animal models, ferrets and mice, that assess IAV transmission and lethal viral pneumonia, respectively. 4'-FlU inhibited a panel of relevant influenza A and B viruses with nanomolar to sub-micromolar potency in HAE cells. In vitro polymerase assays revealed immediate chain termination of IAV polymerase after 4'-FlU incorporation, in contrast to delayed chain termination of SARS-CoV-2 and RSV polymerase. Once-daily oral treatment of ferrets with 2 mg/kg 4'-FlU initiated 12 hours after infection rapidly stopped virus shedding and prevented transmission to untreated sentinels. Treatment of mice infected with a lethal inoculum of pandemic A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 (pdmCa09) with 4'-FlU alleviated pneumonia. Three doses mediated complete survival when treatment was initiated up to 60 hours after infection, indicating a broad time window for effective intervention. Therapeutic oral 4'-FlU ensured survival of animals infected with HPAI A/VN/12/2003 (H5N1) and of immunocompromised mice infected with pdmCa09. Recoverees were protected against homologous reinfection. This study defines the mechanistic foundation for high sensitivity of influenza viruses to 4'-FlU and supports 4'-FlU as developmental candidate for the treatment of seasonal and pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Lieber
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megha Aggarwal
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Joong Yoon
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert M Cox
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julien Sourimant
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mart Toots
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott K Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zachary M Sticher
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexander A Kolykhalov
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manohar T Saindane
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Oliver Planz
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - George R Painter
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael G Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Flagellin-Fused Protein Targeting M2e and HA2 Induces Innate and T-Cell Responses in Mice of Different Genetic Lines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122098. [PMID: 36560509 PMCID: PMC9786633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. Recombinant proteins incorporating conserved influenza A virus peptides are one of the platforms for the development of cross-protective influenza vaccines. We constructed a recombinant protein Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs, in which the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the sequence (aa76-130) of the second subunit of HA (HA2) were used as target antigens. In this study, we investigated the ability of the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein to activate innate immunity and stimulate the formation of T-cell response in mice of different genetic lines after intranasal immunization. Our studies showed that the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein was manifested in an increase in the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, and interstitial macrophages, against the backdrop of a decrease in the level of dendritic cells and increased expression in the CD86 marker. In the lungs of BALB/c mice, immunization with the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein induced the formation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, producing TNF-α. In mice C57Bl/6, the formation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells, predominantly producing IFN-γ+, was demonstrated. The data obtained showed the formation of CD8+ and CD4+ effector memory T cells expressing the CD107a.
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Nguyen AT, Lau HMP, Sloane H, Jayasinghe D, Mifsud NA, Chatzileontiadou DSM, Grant EJ, Szeto C, Gras S. Homologous peptides derived from influenza A, B and C viruses induce variable CD8 + T cell responses with cross-reactive potential. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1422. [PMID: 36275878 PMCID: PMC9581725 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Influenza A, B and C viruses (IAV, IBV and ICV, respectively) circulate globally, infecting humans and causing widespread morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigate the T cell response towards an immunodominant IAV epitope, NP265‐273, and its IBV and ICV homologues, presented by HLA‐A*03:01 molecule expressed in ~ 4% of the global population (~ 300 million people). Methods We assessed the magnitude (tetramer staining) and quality of the CD8+ T cell response (intracellular cytokine staining) towards NP265‐IAV and described the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire used to recognise this immunodominant epitope. We next assessed the immunogenicity of NP265‐IAV homologue peptides from IBV and ICV and the ability of CD8+ T cells to cross‐react towards these homologous peptides. Furthermore, we determined the structures of NP265‐IAV and NP323‐IBV peptides in complex with HLA‐A*03:01 by X‐ray crystallography. Results Our study provides a detailed characterisation of the CD8+ T cell response towards NP265‐IAV and its IBV and ICV homologues. The data revealed a diverse repertoire for NP265‐IAV that is associated with superior anti‐viral protection. Evidence of cross‐reactivity between the three different influenza virus strain‐derived epitopes was observed, indicating the discovery of a potential vaccination target that is broad enough to cover all three influenza strains. Conclusion We show that while there is a potential to cross‐protect against distinct influenza virus lineages, the T cell response was stronger against the IAV peptide than IBV or ICV, which is an important consideration when choosing targets for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Hiu Ming Peter Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Hannah Sloane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Dhilshan Jayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Demetra SM Chatzileontiadou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Emma J Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
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Oftung F, Næss LM, Laake I, Stoloff G, Pleguezuelos O. FLU-v, a Broad-Spectrum Influenza Vaccine, Induces Cross-Reactive Cellular Immune Responses in Humans Measured by Dual IFN-γ and Granzyme B ELISpot Assay. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1528. [PMID: 36146606 PMCID: PMC9505334 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports demonstrated that FLU-v, a peptide-based broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate, induced antibody and cellular immune responses in humans. Here, we evaluate cellular effector functions and cross-reactivity. PBMC sampled pre- (day 0) and post-vaccination (days 42 and 180) from vaccine (n = 58) and placebo (n = 27) recipients were tested in vitro for responses to FLU-v and inactivated influenza strains (A/H3N2, A/H1N1, A/H5N1, A/H7N9, B/Yamagata) using IFN-γ and granzyme B ELISpot. FLU-v induced a significant increase in the number of IFN-γ- and granzyme-B-secreting cells responding to the vaccine antigens from pre-vaccination (medians: 5 SFU/106 cells for both markers) to day 42 (125 and 40 SFU/106 cells, p < 0.0001 for both) and day 180 (75 and 20 SFU/106 cells, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0047). The fold increase from pre-vaccination to day 42 for IFN-γ-, granzyme-B-, and double-positive-secreting cells responding to FLU-v was significantly elevated compared to placebo (medians: 16.3-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p < 0.0001; 3.5-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p < 0.0001; 3.0-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p = 0.0012, respectively). Stimulation of PBMC with inactivated influenza strains showed significantly higher fold increases from pre-vaccination to day 42 in the vaccine group compared to placebo for IFN-γ-secreting cells reacting to H1N1 (medians: 2.3-fold vs. 0.8-fold, p = 0.0083), H3N2 (1.7-fold vs. 0.8-fold, p = 0.0178), and H5N1 (1.7-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p = 0.0441); for granzyme B secreting cells reacting to H1N1 (3.5-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p = 0.0075); and for double positive cells reacting to H1N1 (2.9-fold vs. 1.0-fold, p = 0.0219), H3N2 (1.7-fold vs. 0.9-fold, p = 0.0136), and the B strain (2.0-fold vs. 0.8-fold, p = 0.0227). The correlation observed between number of cells secreting IFN-γ or granzyme B in response to FLU-v and to the influenza strains supported vaccine-induced cross-reactivity. In conclusion, adjuvanted FLU-v vaccination induced cross-reactive cellular responses with cytotoxic capacity, further supporting the development of FLU-v as a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Oftung
- Department of Method Development and Analytics, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth M. Næss
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Laake
- Department of Method Development and Analytics, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory Stoloff
- SEEK, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK
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López-Valiñas Á, Baioni L, Córdoba L, Darji A, Chiapponi C, Segalés J, Ganges L, Núñez JI. Evolution of Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Pigs after Previous Natural H1N1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092008. [PMID: 36146814 PMCID: PMC9505157 DOI: 10.3390/v14092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIV) produce a highly contagious and worldwide distributed disease that can cause important economic losses to the pig industry. Currently, this virus is endemic in farms and, although used limitedly, trivalent vaccine application is the most extended strategy to control SIV. The presence of pre-existing immunity against SIV may modulate the evolutionary dynamic of this virus. To better understand these dynamics, the viral variants generated in vaccinated and nonvaccinated H3N2 challenged pigs after recovery from a natural A(H1N1) pdm09 infection were determined and analyzed. In total, seventeen whole SIV genomes were determined, 6 from vaccinated, and 10 from nonvaccinated animals and their inoculum, by NGS. Herein, 214 de novo substitutions were found along all SIV segments, 44 of them being nonsynonymous ones with an allele frequency greater than 5%. Nonsynonymous substitutions were not found in NP; meanwhile, many of these were allocated in PB2, PB1, and NS1 proteins. Regarding HA and NA proteins, higher nucleotide diversity, proportionally more nonsynonymous substitutions with an allele frequency greater than 5%, and different domain allocations of mutants, were observed in vaccinated animals, indicating different evolutionary dynamics. This study highlights the rapid adaptability of SIV in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Valiñas
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baioni
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Córdoba
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayub Darji
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I. Núñez
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Oh J, Subbiah J, Kim KH, Park BR, Bhatnagar N, Garcia KR, Liu R, Jung YJ, Shin CH, Seong BL, Kang SM. Impact of hemagglutination activity and M2e immunity on conferring protection against influenza viruses. Virology 2022; 574:37-46. [PMID: 35914365 PMCID: PMC9978532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve cross-protection of influenza vaccination, we tested conjugation of conserved M2e epitopes to the surface of inactivated influenza virus (iPR8-M2e*). Treatment of virus with chemical cross-linker led to diminished hemagglutination activity and failure to induce hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. Conjugated iPR8-M2e* vaccine was less protective against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses, despite the induction of virus-specific binding IgG antibodies. In alternative approaches to enhance cross-protection, we developed a genetically linked chimeric protein (M2e-B stalk) vaccine with M2e of influenza A and hemagglutinin (HA) stalk of influenza B virus. Vaccination of mice with inactivated influenza A virus supplemented with M2e-B stalk effectively induced hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies, humoral and cellular M2e immune responses, and enhanced heterosubtypic protection. This study demonstrates the importance of HA functional integrity in influenza vaccine efficacy and that supplementation of influenza vaccines with M2e-B stalk protein could be a feasible strategy of improving cross-protection against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Oh
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jeeva Subbiah
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Karla Ruiz Garcia
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Chong-Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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21
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Ura T, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Mizuki N, Okuda K, Shimada M. Current Vaccine Platforms in Enhancing T-Cell Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1367. [PMID: 36016254 PMCID: PMC9413345 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of T cell-mediated immunity is crucial in vaccine development. The most effective vaccine is likely to employ both cellular and humoral immune responses. The efficacy of a vaccine depends on T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells. T cells also play a critical role in the duration and cross-reactivity of vaccines. Moreover, pre-existing T-cell immunity is associated with a decreased severity of infectious diseases. Many technical and delivery platforms have been designed to induce T cell-mediated vaccine immunity. The immunogenicity of vaccines is enhanced by controlling the kinetics and targeted delivery. Viral vectors are attractive tools that enable the intracellular expression of foreign antigens and induce robust immunity. However, it is necessary to select an appropriate viral vector considering the existing anti-vector immunity that impairs vaccine efficacy. mRNA vaccines have the advantage of rapid and low-cost manufacturing and have been approved for clinical use as COVID-19 vaccines for the first time. mRNA modification and nanomaterial encapsulation can help address mRNA instability and translation efficacy. This review summarizes the T cell responses of vaccines against various infectious diseases based on vaccine technologies and delivery platforms and discusses the future directions of these cutting-edge platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawazaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuda
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimada
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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22
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Wang WC, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Progress towards the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081684. [PMID: 36016306 PMCID: PMC9415875 DOI: 10.3390/v14081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are responsible for millions of cases globally and significantly threaten public health. Since pandemic and zoonotic influenza viruses have emerged in the last 20 years and some of the viruses have resulted in high mortality in humans, a universal influenza vaccine is needed to provide comprehensive protection against a wide range of influenza viruses. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide strain-specific protection and are less effective against mismatched strains. The rapid antigenic drift and shift in influenza viruses resulted in time-consuming surveillance and uncertainty in the vaccine protection efficacy. Most recent universal influenza vaccine studies target the conserved antigen domains of the viral surface glycoproteins and internal proteins to provide broader protection. Following the development of advanced vaccine technologies, several innovative strategies and vaccine platforms are being explored to generate robust cross-protective immunity. This review provides the latest progress in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (W.-C.W.); (E.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.K.M.)
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23
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Park J, Legaspi SLF, Schwartzman LM, Gygli SM, Sheng ZM, Freeman AD, Matthews LM, Xiao Y, Ramuta MD, Batchenkova NA, Qi L, Rosas LA, Williams SL, Scherler K, Gouzoulis M, Bellayr I, Morens DM, Walters KA, Memoli MJ, Kash JC, Taubenberger JK. An inactivated multivalent influenza A virus vaccine is broadly protective in mice and ferrets. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2167. [PMID: 35857640 PMCID: PMC11022527 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) present major public health threats from annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics and from viruses adapted to a variety of animals including poultry, pigs, and horses. Vaccines that broadly protect against all such IAVs, so-called "universal" influenza vaccines, do not currently exist but are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrated that an inactivated, multivalent whole-virus vaccine, delivered intramuscularly or intranasally, was broadly protective against challenges with multiple IAV hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes in both mice and ferrets. The vaccine is composed of four β-propiolactone-inactivated low-pathogenicity avian IAV subtypes of H1N9, H3N8, H5N1, and H7N3. Vaccinated mice and ferrets demonstrated substantial protection against a variety of IAVs, including the 1918 H1N1 strain, the highly pathogenic avian H5N8 strain, and H7N9. We also observed protection against challenge with antigenically variable and heterosubtypic avian, swine, and human viruses. Compared to control animals, vaccinated mice and ferrets demonstrated marked reductions in viral titers, lung pathology, and host inflammatory responses. This vaccine approach indicates the feasibility of eliciting broad, heterosubtypic IAV protection and identifies a promising candidate for influenza vaccine clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekeun Park
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon L. Fong Legaspi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis M. Schwartzman
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian M. Gygli
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhong-Mei Sheng
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashley D. Freeman
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lex M. Matthews
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell D. Ramuta
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia A. Batchenkova
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Qi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luz Angela Rosas
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Williams
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Monica Gouzoulis
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian Bellayr
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - David M. Morens
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Memoli
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John C. Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffery K. Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jia C, Li G, Zhang W, Li Q, Chen X, Leng W, Huang L, Xie Z, Zhang H, You W, An R, Jiang H, Zhao X, Cheng S, Tan J, Cui W, Gao F, Lu W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xia S, Wang S. Immunogenicity and safety of an egg culture-based quadrivalent inactivated non-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in subjects ≥3 years: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled phase III, non-inferiority trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:4933-4941. [PMID: 35810063 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subunit influenza vaccine only formulated with surface antigen proteins has better safety profiles relative to split-virion influenza vaccine. Compared to the traditional quadrivalent split-virion influenza vaccine, a novel quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine is urgently needed in China. We completed a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority clinical study at two sites in Henan Province, China. Eligible volunteers were split into four age cohorts (3-8 years, 9-17 years, 18-64 years, and ≥ 65 years, based on their dates of birth) and randomly assigned (1:1) to the subunit and the split-virion ecNAIIV4 groups. All volunteers were intramuscularly administered a single vaccine dose at baseline, and children aged 3-8 years received a boosting dose at day 28. And the immune response was evaluated by measuring hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody titers against the four vaccine strains in blood samples. Safety profiles had nonsignificant differences between the study groups in ≥ 3 years cohort. Most adverse reactions post-vaccination, both local and systemic, were mild to moderate and resolved within 3 days. And no serious adverse events occurred. The immunogenicity of the trial vaccine was non-inferior to the comparator. Further, a two-dose vaccine series can provide better seroprotection than that of a one-dose series in children aged 3-8 years, with clinically acceptable safety profiles. Clinical Trials Registration. ChiCTR2100049934.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | | | - Lili Huang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | | | - Wangyang You
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Rui An
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | - Xue Zhao
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | - Jiebing Tan
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Weiyang Cui
- Puyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Feilong Gao
- Kaifeng Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Weifeng Lu
- Kaifeng Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Puyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Shengli Xia
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China; Yither Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
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Tsybalova LM, Stepanova LA, Ramsay ES, Vasin AV. Influenza B: Prospects for the Development of Cross-Protective Vaccines. Viruses 2022; 14:1323. [PMID: 35746794 PMCID: PMC9228933 DOI: 10.3390/v14061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we analyze the epidemiological and ecological features of influenza B, one of the most common and severe respiratory infections. The review presents various strategies for cross-protective influenza B vaccine development, including recombinant viruses, virus-like particles, and recombinant proteins. We provide an overview of viral proteins as cross-protective vaccine targets, along with other updated broadly protective vaccine strategies. The importance of developing such vaccines lies not only in influenza B prevention, but also in the very attractive prospect of eradicating the influenza B virus in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila M. Tsybalova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popova Str., 15/17, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.S.); (E.S.R.); or (A.V.V.)
| | - Liudmila A. Stepanova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popova Str., 15/17, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.S.); (E.S.R.); or (A.V.V.)
| | - Edward S. Ramsay
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popova Str., 15/17, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.S.); (E.S.R.); or (A.V.V.)
| | - Andrey V. Vasin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popova Str., 15/17, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.S.); (E.S.R.); or (A.V.V.)
- Research Institute of Influenza named after A.A. Smorodintsev, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Carascal MB, Pavon RDN, Rivera WL. Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878943. [PMID: 35663997 PMCID: PMC9162156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines. An important property of universal vaccines is their ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, i.e., a wide immune response coverage toward different influenza subtypes. With the increasing number of studies and mounting evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs), they have been proposed as promising platforms for the development of universal vaccines. This review highlights the current progress and advances in the development of RIVs in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction toward universal vaccine production. In particular, this review discussed existing knowledge on influenza and vaccine development, current hemagglutinin-based RIVs in the market and in the pipeline, other potential vaccine targets for RIVs (neuraminidase, matrix 1 and 2, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic, and basic 1 and 2 antigens), and deantigenization process. This review also provided discussion points and future perspectives in looking at RIVs as potential universal vaccine candidates for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Carascal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rance Derrick N Pavon
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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27
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Valkenburg SA, Poon LLM. Universal influenza vaccines are futile when benchmarked against seasonal influenza vaccines. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:750-751. [PMID: 35305315 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Leo L M Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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28
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Mintaev R, Glazkova D, Bogoslovskaya E, Shipulin G. Immunogenic epitope prediction to create a universal influenza vaccine. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09364. [PMID: 35540935 PMCID: PMC9079173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Leroux-Roels I, Waerlop G, Tourneur J, De Boever F, Maes C, Bruhwyler J, Guyon-Gellin D, Moris P, Del Campo J, Willems P, Leroux-Roels G, Le Vert A, Nicolas F. Randomized, Double-Blind, Reference-Controlled, Phase 2a Study Evaluating the Immunogenicity and Safety of OVX836, A Nucleoprotein-Based Influenza Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852904. [PMID: 35464450 PMCID: PMC9022189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OVX836 is a recombinant protein-based vaccine targeting the highly conserved influenza nucleoprotein (NP), which aims to confer a broad-spectrum protection against influenza. In a Phase 1 study, OVX836, administered intramuscularly, has been found safe and immunogenic. The 90µg and 180µg dose levels were selected to be further evaluated in this randomized, monocenter, reference-controlled (Influvac Tetra™: quadrivalent seasonal influenza subunit vaccine), parallel group, double-blind, Phase 2a study in 300 healthy volunteers, aged 18-65 years, during the 2019/2020 flu season. Safety, influenza-like illness episodes (ILI; based on the Flu-PRO® questionnaire) and immunogenicity were assessed up to 180 days post-vaccination. OVX836 was safe and presented a reactogenicity profile similar to Influvac Tetra. It induced a significant increase in terms of NP-specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) spot forming cells (SFCs), NP-specific CD4+ T-cells (essentially polyfunctional cells) and anti-NP IgG responses. OVX836 was superior to Influvac Tetra for all immunological parameters related to NP, and the 180µg dose was significantly superior to the 90µg dose for SFCs and CD4+ T-cells expressing IFNγ. Both the CD4+ T-cell and the anti-NP IgG responses persisted up to Day 180. An efficacy signal was observed with OVX836 at 180µg through reduction of ILI episodes occurring during the flu season as of 14 days post-vaccination. In conclusion, these results encourage further clinical evaluation of OVX836 in order to confirm the signal of efficacy on ILIs and/or laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. NCT04192500 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04192500).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwenn Waerlop
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fien De Boever
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Maes
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Abstract
This review discusses peptide epitopes used as antigens in the development of vaccines in clinical trials as well as future vaccine candidates. It covers peptides used in potential immunotherapies for infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, hepatitis B and C, HIV, malaria, and others. In addition, peptides for cancer vaccines that target examples of overexpressed proteins are summarized, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), mucin 1 (MUC1), folate receptor, and others. The uses of peptides to target cancers caused by infective agents, for example, cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), are also discussed. This review also provides an overview of model peptide epitopes used to stimulate non-specific immune responses, and of self-adjuvanting peptides, as well as the influence of other adjuvants on peptide formulations. As highlighted in this review, several peptide immunotherapies are in advanced clinical trials as vaccines, and there is great potential for future therapies due the specificity of the response that can be achieved using peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
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31
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Universal influenza vaccine technologies and recombinant virosome production. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Kim Y, Hong K, Kim H, Nam J. Influenza vaccines: Past, present, and future. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2243. [PMID: 33949021 PMCID: PMC8209895 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, infection by seasonal influenza viruses causes 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000-650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza vaccines, including inactivated split- and subunit-type, recombinant and live attenuated vaccines, have been developed since the 1930s when it was discovered that influenza viruses could be cultivated in embryonated eggs. However, the protection rate offered by these vaccines is rather low, especially in very young children and the elderly. In this review, we describe the history of influenza vaccine development, the immune responses induced by the vaccines and the adjuvants applied. Further, we suggest future directions for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in all age groups. This includes the development of an influenza vaccine that induces a balanced T helper cell type 1 and type 2 immune responses based on the understanding of the immune system, and the development of a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine that can increase effectiveness despite antigen shifts and drifts, which are characteristics of the influenza virus. A brighter future can be envisaged if the development of an adjuvant that is safe and effective is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Hee Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesThe Catholic University of KoreaBucheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of R&DSK BioscienceBundang‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Kee‐Jong Hong
- UIC FoundationKonkuk UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&DSK BioscienceBundang‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesThe Catholic University of KoreaBucheonRepublic of Korea
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33
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Lapuente D, Fuchs J, Willar J, Vieira Antão A, Eberlein V, Uhlig N, Issmail L, Schmidt A, Oltmanns F, Peter AS, Mueller-Schmucker S, Irrgang P, Fraedrich K, Cara A, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Ensser A, Pertl C, Willert T, Thirion C, Grunwald T, Überla K, Tenbusch M. Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6871. [PMID: 34836955 PMCID: PMC8626513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but effective boosters are needed to maintain or increase immunity due to waning responses and the emergence of novel variants. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 and 19a vectored vaccines following a systemic plasmid DNA or mRNA priming result in systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast to two intramuscular applications of an mRNA vaccine, intranasal boosts with adenoviral vectors induce high levels of mucosal IgA and lung-resident memory T cells (TRM); mucosal neutralization of virus variants of concern is also enhanced. The mRNA prime provokes a comprehensive T cell response consisting of circulating and lung TRM after the boost, while the plasmid DNA prime induces mostly mucosal T cells. Concomitantly, the intranasal boost strategies lead to complete protection against a SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Our data thus suggest that mucosal booster immunizations after mRNA priming is a promising approach to establish mucosal immunity in addition to systemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jana Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Willar
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Vieira Antão
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentina Eberlein
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Uhlig
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leila Issmail
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Oltmanns
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Mueller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Irrgang
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fraedrich
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Li M, Guo P, Chen C, Feng H, Zhang W, Gu C, Wen G, Rao VB, Tao P. Bacteriophage T4 Vaccine Platform for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745625. [PMID: 34712234 PMCID: PMC8546227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing influenza vaccines that protect against a broad range of viruses is a global health priority. Several conserved viral proteins or domains have been identified as promising targets for such vaccine development. However, none of the targets is sufficiently immunogenic to elicit complete protection, and vaccine platforms that can enhance immunogenicity and deliver multiple antigens are desperately needed. Here, we report proof-of-concept studies for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines using the bacteriophage T4 virus-like particle (VLP) platform. Using the extracellular domain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) as a readout, we demonstrate that up to ~1,281 M2e molecules can be assembled on a 120 x 86 nanometer phage capsid to generate M2e-T4 VLPs. These M2e-decorated nanoparticles, without any adjuvant, are highly immunogenic, stimulate robust humoral as well as cellular immune responses, and conferred complete protection against lethal influenza virus challenge. Potentially, additional conserved antigens could be incorporated into the M2e-T4 VLPs and mass-produced in E. coli in a short amount of time to deal with an emerging influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, China
| | - Helong Feng
- Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanpo Zhang
- Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqin Gu
- Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, China
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35
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Shahbari NAE, Gesser-Edelsburg A, Davidovitch N, Brammli-Greenberg S, Grifat R, Mesch GS. Factors associated with seasonal influenza and HPV vaccination uptake among different ethnic groups in Arab and Jewish society in Israel. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:201. [PMID: 34493294 PMCID: PMC8423338 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents in the Arab population of Israel are known to be “pro-vaccination” and vaccinate their children at higher rates than the Jewish population, specifically against human papilloma virus (HPV) and seasonal influenza. Objectives This study seeks to identify and compare variables associated with mothers’ uptake of two vaccinations, influenza and HPV, among different subgroups in Arab and Jewish society in Israel. Methods A cross-sectional study of the entire spectrum of the Israeli population was conducted using a stratified sample of Jewish mothers (n = 159) and Arab mothers (n = 534) from different subgroups: Muslim, Christian, Druse and Northern Bedouins. From March 30, 2019 through October 20, 2019, questionnaires were distributed manually to eighth grade pupils (13–14 years old) who had younger siblings in second (7–8 years old) or third (8–9 years old) grades. Results Arab mothers exhibited a higher rate of uptake for both vaccinations (p < .0001, HPV – 90%; influenza – 62%) than Jewish mothers (p = 0.0014, HPV – 46%; influenza – 34%). Furthermore, results showed that HPV vaccination uptake is significantly higher than seasonal influenza vaccination uptake in both populations. Examination of the different ethnic subgroups revealed differences in vaccination uptake. For both vaccinations, the Northern Bedouins exhibited the highest uptake rate of all the Arab subgroups (74%), followed by the Druse (74%) and Muslim groups (60%). The Christian Arab group exhibited the lowest uptake rate (46%). Moreover, the uptake rate among secular Jewish mothers was lower than in any of the Arab groups (38%), though higher than among religious/traditional Jewish mothers, who exhibited the lowest uptake rate (26%). A comparison of the variables associated with mothers’ vaccination uptake revealed differences between the ethnic subgroups. Moreover, the findings of the multiple logistic regression revealed the following to be the most significant factors in Arab mothers’ intake of both vaccinations: school-located vaccination and mothers’ perceived risk and perceived trust in the system and in the family physician. These variables are manifested differently in the different ethnic groups. Conclusions This research shows that all Arabs cannot be lumped together as one monolithic group in that they exhibit major differences according to religion, education and access to information. Ranking of variables associated with uptake of the two vaccines can provide decision-makers an empirical basis for tailoring appropriate and specific interventions to each subgroup to achieve the highest vaccine uptake rate possible. Media campaigns targeting the Arab population should be segmented to appeal to the various sub-groups according to their viewpoints, needs and health literacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-021-01523-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abed Elhadi Shahbari
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Anat Gesser-Edelsburg
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.,School of Public Health, Founding Director of the Health and Risk Communication Research Center, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shuli Brammli-Greenberg
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Grifat
- Ziv Medical Center, 1 Derech HaRambam, 13100, Safed, Israel
| | - Gustavo S Mesch
- Department of Sociology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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Bull MB, Cohen CA, Leung NH, Valkenburg SA. Universally Immune: How Infection Permissive Next Generation Influenza Vaccines May Affect Population Immunity and Viral Spread. Viruses 2021; 13:1779. [PMID: 34578360 PMCID: PMC8472936 DOI: 10.3390/v13091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation influenza vaccines that target conserved epitopes are becoming a clinical reality but still have challenges to overcome. Universal next generation vaccines are considered a vital tool to combat future pandemic viruses and have the potential to vastly improve long-term protection against seasonal influenza viruses. Key vaccine strategies include HA-stem and T cell activating vaccines; however, they could have unintended effects for virus adaptation as they recognise the virus after cell entry and do not directly block infection. This may lead to immune pressure on residual viruses. The potential for immune escape is already evident, for both the HA stem and T cell epitopes, and mosaic approaches for pre-emptive immune priming may be needed to circumvent key variants. Live attenuated influenza vaccines have not been immunogenic enough to boost T cells in adults with established prior immunity. Therefore, viral vectors or peptide approaches are key to harnessing T cell responses. A plethora of viral vector vaccines and routes of administration may be needed for next generation vaccine strategies that require repeated long-term administration to overcome vector immunity and increase our arsenal against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maireid B. Bull
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Carolyn A. Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Nancy H.L. Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
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Giurgea LT, Cervantes-Medina A, Walters KA, Scherler K, Han A, Czajkowski LM, Baus HA, Hunsberger S, Klein SL, Kash JC, Taubenberger JK, Memoli MJ. Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:715-722. [PMID: 34423369 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical animal studies and retrospective human studies suggest that adult females have worse outcomes from influenza than males. Prospective studies in humans are missing. METHODS Data from 164 healthy volunteers who underwent Influenza A/California/04/2009/H1N1 challenge were compiled to compare differences between sexes. Baseline characteristics, including hormone levels, hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers, neuraminidase-inhibition titers (NAI), and outcomes after challenge were compared. Linear and logistic regression models were built to determine significant predictor variables with respect to outcomes of interest. RESULTS Hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers were similar between the sexes, but neuraminidase-inhibition titers (NAI) were higher in males than females at 4-weeks and 8-weeks post-challenge. Females were more likely to have symptoms (mean 0.96 vs 0.80, p=.003) and to have a higher number of symptoms (median 3 vs 4, p=.011) than males. Linear and logistic regression models showed that pre-challenge NAI titers, but not HAI titers or sex hormone levels, were predictive of all shedding and symptom outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS Females in our cohorts were more likely to be symptomatic and to have a higher number of symptoms than males. NAI titers predicted all outcomes of interest and may explain differential outcomes between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca T Giurgea
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Adriana Cervantes-Medina
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | | | - Alison Han
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lindsay M Czajkowski
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Holly Ann Baus
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John C Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Matthew J Memoli
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Matchett WE, Joag V, Stolley JM, Shepherd FK, Quarnstrom CF, Mickelson CK, Wijeyesinghe S, Soerens AG, Becker S, Thiede JM, Weyu E, O'Flanagan SD, Walter JA, Vu MN, Menachery VD, Bold TD, Vezys V, Jenkins MK, Langlois RA, Masopust D. Cutting Edge: Nucleocapsid Vaccine Elicits Spike-Independent SARS-CoV-2 Protective Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:376-379. [PMID: 34193597 PMCID: PMC8516699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Neutralizing Abs target the receptor binding domain of the spike (S) protein, a focus of successful vaccine efforts. Concerns have arisen that S-specific vaccine immunity may fail to neutralize emerging variants. We show that vaccination with a human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein can establish protective immunity, defined by reduced weight loss and viral load, in both Syrian hamsters and K18-hACE2 mice. Challenge of vaccinated mice was associated with rapid N-specific T cell recall responses in the respiratory mucosa. This study supports the rationale for including additional viral Ags in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, even if they are not a target of neutralizing Abs, to broaden epitope coverage and immune effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Matchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Clare F Quarnstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Clayton K Mickelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew G Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Samuel Becker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Joshua M Thiede
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Eyob Weyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen D O'Flanagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer A Walter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michelle N Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Tyler D Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Knight ML, Fan H, Bauer DLV, Grimes JM, Fodor E, Keown JR. Structure of an H3N2 influenza virus nucleoprotein. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:208-214. [PMID: 34196611 PMCID: PMC8248822 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x2100635x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses of the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes are responsible for seasonal epidemic events. The influenza nucleoprotein (NP) binds to the viral genomic RNA and is essential for its replication. Efforts are under way to produce therapeutics and vaccines targeting the NP. Despite this, no structure of an NP from an H3N2 virus has previously been determined. Here, the structure of the A/Northern Territory/60/1968 (H3N2) influenza virus NP is presented at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure is highly similar to those of the A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) and A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) NPs. Nonconserved amino acids are widely dispersed both at the sequence and structural levels. A movement of the 73-90 RNA-binding loop is observed to be the key difference between the structure determined here and previous structures. The data presented here increase the understanding of structural conservation amongst influenza NPs and may aid in the design of universal interventions against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Haitian Fan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - David L. V. Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ervin Fodor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy R. Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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Development of a Novel Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine Encoding the IgA-Inducing Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070703. [PMID: 34198994 PMCID: PMC8310050 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines elicit a combination of systemic and mucosal immunity by mimicking a natural infection. To further enhance protective mucosal responses, we incorporated the gene encoding the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP) into the LAIV genomes of the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) strain (caLen) and the experimental attenuated backbone A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (H3N2) (OH/04att). Incorporation of IGIP into the caLen background led to a virus that grew poorly in prototypical substrates. In contrast, IGIP in the OH/04att background (IGIP-H1att) virus grew to titers comparable to the isogenic backbone H1att (H1N1) without IGIP. IGIP-H1att- and H1caLen-vaccinated mice were protected against lethal challenge with a homologous virus. The IGIP-H1att vaccine generated robust serum HAI responses in naïve mice against the homologous virus, equal or better than those obtained with the H1caLen vaccine. Analyses of IgG and IgA responses using a protein microarray revealed qualitative differences in humoral and mucosal responses between vaccine groups. Overall, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the IGIP-H1att group showed trends towards increased stimulation of IgG and IgA responses compared to H1caLen samples. In summary, the introduction of genes encoding immunomodulatory functions into a candidate LAIV can serve as natural adjuvants to improve overall vaccine safety and efficacy.
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41
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Kneitz C. Rheuma und Impfen. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1286-2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind durch Infektionen besonders gefährdet. Impfungen sind geeignet, dieses Risiko zu vermindern. Aktuelle Empfehlungen nationaler (STIKO und Wagner et al.) sowie internationaler Gremien (EULAR) stellen eine Basis für die sichere und effektive Anwendung von Impfungen dar. Wichtige neue Entwicklungen, wie die sequenzielle Impfung gegen Pneumokokken oder die Zulassung eines Impfstoffs gegen Herpes Zoster, verbessern die Möglichkeiten eines effektiven Infektionsschutzes. Besonders zu beachten sind die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Lebendimpfstoffen wie der MMR-Impfung bei Patienten unter immunsuppressiver Therapie.
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42
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Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060973. [PMID: 34073996 PMCID: PMC8225176 DOI: 10.3390/v13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
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Ng KT, Mohd-Ismail NK, Tan YJ. Spike S2 Subunit: The Dark Horse in the Race for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:178. [PMID: 33672450 PMCID: PMC7923282 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the midst of the unceasing COVID-19 pandemic, the identification of immunogenic epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein plays a vital role in the advancement and development of intervention strategies. S is expressed on the exterior of the SARS-CoV-2 virion and contains two subunits, namely the N-terminal S1 and C-terminal S2. It is the key element for mediating viral entry as well as a crucial antigenic determinant capable of stimulating protective immune response through elicitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in COVID-19 patients. Given that S2 is highly conserved in comparison to the S1, here, we provide a review of the latest findings on the SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit and further discuss its potential as an attractive and promising target for the development of prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Tien Ng
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (K.T.N.); (N.K.M.-I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Nur Khairiah Mohd-Ismail
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (K.T.N.); (N.K.M.-I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; (K.T.N.); (N.K.M.-I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Walling J, Zelnicek T, Johnson EJ, O'Neal KS. Shot of a lifetime: How pharmacists stay ahead of the season. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:e214-e217. [PMID: 33582029 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The profession of pharmacy has long advocated for the advancement of practice through increased clinical responsibility. Provision of immunization related services has been one service pharmacists have been able to provide to add to their existing responsibilities. A universal influenza vaccination has been under investigation and is nearing success. While other clinical services should be considered, now more than ever, development of the universal vaccine should provide a pause for the profession and consideration of not only the impact on student learning opportunities but also pharmacy revenue. SUMMARY The development of the universal influenza vaccination poses a potential challenge to existing service-related revenue models for community pharmacies. There are many other opportunities pharmacists can capitalize on including, but not limited to, travel and other vaccinations, point-of-care testing, and transitions-of-care. In addition, through initiatives such as "Flip the Pharmacy" and Community Pharmacy Enhanced Service Network, pharmacists are in a great position to be innovative with clinical services while continuing to provide learners with training opportunities. CONCLUSION Many opportunities exist for pharmacists to expand services that lean into their clinical training and add other vaccination opportunities. These opportunities can augment revenue streams and still provide learners with training.
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T Cell Immunity against Influenza: The Long Way from Animal Models Towards a Real-Life Universal Flu Vaccine. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020199. [PMID: 33525620 PMCID: PMC7911237 DOI: 10.3390/v13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current flu vaccines rely on the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies, which leaves the population vulnerable to drifted seasonal or newly emerged pandemic strains. Therefore, universal flu vaccine approaches that induce broad immunity against conserved parts of influenza have top priority in research. Cross-reactive T cell responses, especially tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract, provide efficient heterologous immunity, and must therefore be a key component of universal flu vaccines. Here, we review recent findings about T cell-based flu immunity, with an emphasis on tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract of humans and different animal models. Furthermore, we provide an update on preclinical and clinical studies evaluating T cell-evoking flu vaccines, and discuss the implementation of T cell immunity in real-life vaccine policies.
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Mara K, Dai M, Brice AM, Alexander MR, Tribolet L, Layton DS, Bean AGD. Investigating the Interaction between Negative Strand RNA Viruses and Their Hosts for Enhanced Vaccine Development and Production. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010059. [PMID: 33477334 PMCID: PMC7830660 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic has highlighted the ever-increasing risk of human to human spread of zoonotic pathogens. A number of medically-relevant zoonotic pathogens are negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs). NSVs are derived from different virus families. Examples like Ebola are known for causing severe symptoms and high mortality rates. Some, like influenza, are known for their ease of person-to-person transmission and lack of pre-existing immunity, enabling rapid spread across many countries around the globe. Containment of outbreaks of NSVs can be difficult owing to their unpredictability and the absence of effective control measures, such as vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. In addition, there remains a lack of essential knowledge of the host–pathogen response that are induced by NSVs, particularly of the immune responses that provide protection. Vaccines are the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. In fact, in the event of a pandemic, appropriate vaccine design and speed of vaccine supply is the most critical factor in protecting the population, as vaccination is the only sustainable defense. Vaccines need to be safe, efficient, and cost-effective, which is influenced by our understanding of the host–pathogen interface. Additionally, some of the major challenges of vaccines are the establishment of a long-lasting immunity offering cross protection to emerging strains. Although many NSVs are controlled through immunisations, for some, vaccine design has failed or efficacy has proven unreliable. The key behind designing a successful vaccine is understanding the host–pathogen interaction and the host immune response towards NSVs. In this paper, we review the recent research in vaccine design against NSVs and explore the immune responses induced by these viruses. The generation of a robust and integrated approach to development capability and vaccine manufacture can collaboratively support the management of outbreaking NSV disease health risks.
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Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Liu J, Pandya P, Ting JP, Afshar S. Peptides to combat viral infectious diseases. Peptides 2020; 134:170402. [PMID: 32889022 PMCID: PMC7462603 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases have resulted in millions of deaths throughout history and have created a significant public healthcare burden. Tremendous efforts have been placed by the scientific communities, health officials and government organizations to detect, treat, and prevent viral infection. However, the complicated life cycle and rapid genetic mutations of viruses demand continuous development of novel medicines with high efficacy and safety profiles. Peptides provide a promising outlook as a tool to combat the spread and re-emergence of viral infection. This article provides an overview of five viral infectious diseases with high global prevalence: influenza, chronic hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. The current and potential peptide-based therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics for each disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA, 17605, USA
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Priyanka Pandya
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Lim HX, Lim J, Jazayeri SD, Poppema S, Poh CL. Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Biomed J 2020; 44:18-30. [PMID: 33727051 PMCID: PMC7527307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Even though host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections are beginning to be unravelled, effective clearance of virus will depend on both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, the presence of Spike (S)-glycoprotein reactive CD4+ T-cells in the majority of convalescent patients is consistent with its significant role in stimulating B and CD8+ T-cells. The search for immunodominant epitopes relies on experimental evaluation of peptides representing the epitopes from overlapping peptide libraries which can be costly and labor-intensive. Recent advancements in B- and T-cell epitope predictions by bioinformatic analysis have led to epitope identifications. Assessing which peptide epitope can induce potent neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses is a prerequisite for the selection of effective epitopes to be incorporated in peptide-based vaccines. This review discusses the roles of B- and T-cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and experimental validations for the selection of B-, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes which could lead to the construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Peptide-based vaccines are known for their low immunogenicity which could be overcome by incorporating immunostimulatory adjuvants and nanoparticles such as Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) or chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xuan Lim
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jianhua Lim
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seyed Davoud Jazayeri
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.
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49
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Kneitz C. Rheuma und Impfen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2020; 145:1490-1494. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1037-5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Was ist neu?
Empfehlungen zur Impfung von Patienten mit rheumatologischen Erkrankungen Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind durch Infektionen besonders gefährdet. Impfungen sind geeignet, dieses Risiko zu vermindern. Aktuelle Empfehlungen nationaler (STIKO und Wagner et al.) sowie internationaler Gremien (EULAR) stellen eine Basis für die sichere und effektive Anwendung von Impfungen dar.Wichtige neue Entwicklungen, wie die sequenzielle Impfung gegen Pneumokokken oder die Zulassung eines Impfstoffs gegen Herpes Zoster, verbessern die Möglichkeiten eines effektiven Infektionsschutzes. Besonders zu beachten sind die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Lebendimpfstoffen wie der MMR-Impfung bei Patienten unter immunsuppressiver Therapie.
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50
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Kneitz C, Müller-Ladner U. [Most important vaccinations in patients with rheumatological diseases and why]. Z Rheumatol 2020; 79:855-864. [PMID: 32955610 PMCID: PMC7504870 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lange Zeit schienen die meisten Infektionen beherrschbar geworden zu sein. Hierzu haben besonders auch Impfungen beigetragen. In den letzten Jahren gefährden neu aufgetretene bakterielle Infektionen durch multiresistente Erreger und Virusinfektionen wie das Chikungunya-Virus, Influenzaepidemien oder aktuell auch COVID-19 die Weltbevölkerung. Dies gilt in besonderer Weise für von rheumatologischen Erkrankungen Betroffene, die oft zusätzlich einer immunsuppressiven Therapie bedürfen und damit besonders durch Infektionen gefährdet sind. Impfungen können die Betroffenen sowohl individuell wie auch durch die Erzeugung einer Herdenimmunität schützen und stellen somit ein wichtiges Instrument dar, um die Morbidität und Mortalität durch Infektionen zu vermindern. Die Kenntnis über Indikation und Anwendung der einzelnen Impfungen ist für eine konsequente Umsetzung der aktuellen Empfehlungen besonders wichtig.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kneitz
- Rheumatologische Schwerpunktpraxis Schwerin, Beethovenstr. 3, 19053, Schwerin, Deutschland.
| | - U Müller-Ladner
- Abteilung Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Campus Kerckhoff, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
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