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Maltseva M, Keeshan A, Cooper C, Langlois MA. Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2384192. [PMID: 39149872 PMCID: PMC11328881 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2384192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune imprinting is a phenomenon that stems from the fundamentals of immunological memory. Upon recurrent exposures to an evolving pathogen, the immune system must weigh the benefits of rapidly recalling established antibody repertoires with greater affinity to the initial variant or invest additional time and energy in producing de novo responses specific to the emerging variant. In this review, we delve into the mechanistic complexities of immune imprinting and its role in shaping subsequent immune responses, both de novo and recall, against rapidly evolving respiratory viruses such as influenza and coronaviruses. By exploring the duality of immune imprinting, we examine its potential to both enhance or hinder immune protection against disease, while emphasizing the role of host and viral factors. Finally, we explore how different vaccine platforms may affect immune imprinting and comment on vaccine strategies that can favor de novo variant-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Maltseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexa Keeshan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Guerra A, Costantino C, Martinon-Torres F, Westerholt S, Lambeth C, Chen Z, Lumley J, Marcek T, Johnson D, Wilck M. A phase 4, open-label study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib in children previously vaccinated with DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib or DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (V419-016). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2310900. [PMID: 38327239 PMCID: PMC10857551 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2310900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (Vaxelis®) is a hexavalent combination vaccine (HV) indicated in infants and toddlers for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Switching between HVs during the childhood vaccination series is sometimes necessary due to, for example, vaccine availability, health-care provider preference, and/or tender awards. The purpose of this study was to describe the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a booster dose of Vaxelis® in participants who previously received a primary infant series of either DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib (Hexyon®) or Vaxelis®. Healthy participants approximately 11-13 months of age who previously received a two-dose primary series of Hexyon® (HHV group) or Vaxelis® (VVV group) all received a Vaxelis® booster dose. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring antibody levels to individual vaccine antigens approximately 30 days following booster vaccination. Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). The proportions of participants with antibody-specific responses for antigens contained in both Vaxelis® and Hexyon® at 30 days post-toddler-booster vaccination with Vaxelis® were comparable between groups, and higher in the VVV group for Vaxelis® antigens PRN and FIM2/3. The overall proportions of participants with AEs were generally comparable between groups. Following a booster dose of Vaxelis®, immune responses were comparable between groups for all shared antigens, and higher in the VVV group for antigens found only in Vaxelis®. The booster was well tolerated in both groups. These data support the use of Vaxelis® as a booster in mixed HV regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.eu), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soeren Westerholt
- Pediatrics, Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Wolfsburg, Germany
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Chen L, Qiu Q, Zhu Q, Li J, Xie X, Shao X, Liang J, Zhang W, Zheng H, Li B, Xu L, Zeng H, Sun L. Serological investigation on the prevalence of poliovirus in Guangdong province: A cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300156. [PMID: 38189143 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study for polio virus seroprevalence in Guangdong province, China. We assessed the positivity rates of poliomyelitis NA and GMT in serum across various demographic groups, and the current findings were compared with pre-switch data from 2014. Using multistage random sampling method, four counties/districts were randomly selected per city, and within each, one general hospital and two township hospitals were chosen. Healthy individuals coming for medical checkups or vaccination were invited. A total of 1318 individual samples were collected and tested. In non-newborn population, age-dependent positivity rates ranged from 77.8% to 100% for PV1 NA and 70.3% to 98.9% for PV3 NA (p < .01). The lowest GMT values for both types (17.03 and 8.46) occurred in the 20 to <30 years age group, while peak GMTs for PV1 and PV3 were observed in 1 to <2 (340.14) and 0 to <1-year (168.90) age groups, respectively. GMTs for PV1 (P = .002) and PV3 (P = .007) in Eastern Guangdong were lower than those in the other three regions. Male participants showed higher GMTs than females (P = .016 and .033, respectively). In newborn population, both males and females showed higher PV1 NA positivity rates and GMTs compared to PV3 (p < .05). Post-switch PV3 NA positivity rates were higher than pre-switch rates (p = .016). GMTs of both PV1 and PV3 were significantly higher post-switch (p < .001). The positivity rates of NAs and GMTs remain high level, which play an important role in resisting poliomyelitis infection. Effect of the converted immunization program was more pronounced than that before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Chen
- Department of Immunization Planning, Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Qiu
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Shao
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanri Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Bates JT, Lirette ST, Farmer AP, Bierdeman MA, Seyfarth KB, Ederer DR, Montgomery DD, Burnett GC, Pham AT, Marshall GD. Serological assessment of the durability of vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2308375. [PMID: 38361363 PMCID: PMC10877977 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2308375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often accepted as a correlate of protection against infection, though questions remain about which components of the immune response protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this small observational study, we longitudinally measured spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (NP)-specific serum IgG in a human cohort immunized with the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. NP is not encoded in the vaccine, so an NP-specific response is serological evidence of natural infection. A greater than fourfold increase in NP-specific antibodies was used as the serological marker of infection. Using the RBD-specific IgG titers prior to seroconversion for NP, we calculated a protective threshold for RBD-specific IgG. On average, the RBD-specific IgG response wanes below the protective threshold 169 days following vaccination. Many participants without a history of a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection seroconverted for NP-specific IgG. As a group, participants who seroconverted for NP-specific IgG had significantly higher levels of RBD-specific IgG following NP-seroconversion. RBD-specific IgG titers may serve as one correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These titers wane below the proposed protective threshold approximately six months following immunization. Based on serological evidence of infection, the frequency of breakthrough infections and consequently the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the population may be higher than what is predicted based on the frequency of documented infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Bates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Seth T. Lirette
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andrew P. Farmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael A. Bierdeman
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristina B. Seyfarth
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dallas R. Ederer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Denise D. Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Grace C. Burnett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amanda T. Pham
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D. Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Odio CD, Yek C, Hasund CM, Man S, Ly P, Nhek S, Chea S, Lon C, Voirin C, Huy R, Leang R, Huch C, Lamirande EW, Whitehead SS, Oliveira LF, Manning JE, Katzelnick LC. Immunity to Non-Dengue Flaviviruses Impacts Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specificity in Cambodia. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae422. [PMID: 39297691 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroprevalence studies are the standard for disease surveillance, and serology determined eligibility for the first dengue vaccine. Expanding flavivirus co-circulation and vaccination complicate testing. We evaluate the accuracy of a common dengue virus serological assay, examine immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses as a contributor to decreased performance, and assess whether alternative cut points may improve assay performance. METHODS Children (n = 770) aged 2-9 years in Kampong Speu, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study, and PanBio indirect dengue virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using dengue viruses were performed on a subset to assess the accuracy of the IgG ELISA, and PRNTs with Zika, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses evaluated immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses. Receiver operating curve analysis identified an alternative cut point to improve IgG ELISA accuracy. RESULTS The dengue IgG ELISA had a lower specificity than previously reported (58% vs 93%-100%). Of those with false-positive IgG results, 46% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against other flaviviruses including 14% against West Nile virus. A higher IgG cut point improved the test accuracy in this population. CONCLUSIONS Physicians and public health authorities should be alert for West Nile in Cambodia. Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses can impact dengue surveillance. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03534245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Yek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chloe M Hasund
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Somnang Man
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Piseth Ly
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreynik Nhek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chea Huch
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Elaine W Lamirande
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - L Fabiano Oliveira
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica E Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sharma H, Parekh S, Pujari P, Shewale S, Desai S, Kawade A, Lalwani S, Ravi MD, Ramanan PV, Kamath V, Agarwal A, Dogar V, Gautam M, Jaganathan KS, Kumar R, Sharma I, Gairola S. A randomized, active-controlled, multi-centric, phase-II clinical study to assess safety and immunogenicity of a fully liquid DTwP-HepB-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine (HEXASIIL®) in Indian toddlers. Vaccine 2024; 42:126380. [PMID: 39303376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination vaccines are effective in simplifying complex vaccination schedules involving multiple vaccines. A fully liquid hexavalent diphtheria (D)-tetanus (T)-whole-cell pertussis (wP)- hepatitis B (HepB)-inactivated poliovirus (IPV)-Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine (HEXASIIL®), manufactured by Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. was tested for safety and immunogenicity following booster vaccination. METHODS This was a phase-II/III, open label, multicentric, controlled trial in toddlers (phase II) and infants (phase III) in India. This manuscript presents results of phase II. Healthy toddlers aged 12-24 months were randomized (1:1) to receive a 0.5 ml booster dose of HEXASIIL® or comparator Pentavac SD + Poliovac, intramuscularly and followed for 28 days for safety assessment. Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination and 28 days post-vaccination to assess immunogenicity. Descriptive summary statistics were provided for safety and immunogenecity analyses. RESULTS A total of 223 subjects were randomized. One subject droped out prior to dosing, due to consent withdrawal. Thus, 222 subjects received study vaccine (110 HEXASIIL® and 112 comparator). Frequency of solicited adverse events was comparable between HEXASIIL® and comparator (85.5 % vs 90.2 %). Most local and systemic solicited AEs were mild to moderate in severity. All events resolved completely without any sequelae and none led to subject discontinuation. No vaccine related serious AE was reported. Post vaccination, seroprotection rates against tetanus, Hib and polio type 1 and 3 were 100 % in both the groups. Seroprotection rates for diphtheria (99.1 % vs 100 %) and polio type 2 (98.2 % vs 100 %) were observed in HEXASIIL® and comparator group, respectively. For Hepatitis B, seroprotection was >99 % in both groups. Seroconversion observed for Bordetella Pertussis (94.5 % vs 95.4 %) and Pertussis Toxin (77.1 % vs 87.2 %) in HEXASIIL® and comparator group, respectively. CONCLUSION HEXASIIL® vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in toddlers and supported its further clinical development in infants. Clinical Trial Registration - CTRI/2019/11/022052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitt Sharma
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
| | - Sameer Parekh
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Pramod Pujari
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sunil Shewale
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Shivani Desai
- Dept. of Clinical Research, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Anand Kawade
- Dept. of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College & Hospital, Pune, India
| | - M D Ravi
- Dept. of Pediatrics, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Veena Kamath
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College at Dr TMA Pai Hospital, Udupi, India
| | - Anurag Agarwal
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Dogar
- Dept. of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Manish Gautam
- Dept. of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - K S Jaganathan
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Inderjit Sharma
- Production Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Dept. of Quality Control, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
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7
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Rappuoli R, Alter G, Pulendran B. Transforming vaccinology. Cell 2024; 187:5171-5194. [PMID: 39303685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic placed the field of vaccinology squarely at the center of global consciousness, emphasizing the vital role of vaccines as transformative public health tools. The impact of vaccines was recently acknowledged by the award of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman for their seminal contributions to the development of mRNA vaccines. Here, we provide a historic perspective on the key innovations that led to the development of some 27 licensed vaccines over the past two centuries and recent advances that promise to transform vaccines in the future. Technological revolutions such as reverse vaccinology, synthetic biology, and structure-based design transformed decades of vaccine failures into successful vaccines against meningococcus B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Likewise, the speed and flexibility of mRNA vaccines profoundly altered vaccine development, and the advancement of novel adjuvants promises to revolutionize our ability to tune immunity. Here, we highlight exciting new advances in the field of systems immunology that are transforming our mechanistic understanding of the human immune response to vaccines and how to predict and manipulate them. Additionally, we discuss major immunological challenges such as learning how to stimulate durable protective immune response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galit Alter
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Da Costa RM, Rooke JL, Wells TJ, Cunningham AF, Henderson IR. Type 5 secretion system antigens as vaccines against Gram-negative bacterial infections. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:159. [PMID: 39218947 PMCID: PMC11366766 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are leading causes of mortality worldwide. Due to the rise in antibiotic resistant strains, there is a desperate need for alternative strategies to control infections caused by these organisms. One such approach is the prevention of infection through vaccination. While live attenuated and heat-killed bacterial vaccines are effective, they can lead to adverse reactions. Newer vaccine technologies focus on utilizing polysaccharide or protein subunits for safer and more targeted vaccination approaches. One promising avenue in this regard is the use of proteins released by the Type 5 secretion system (T5SS). This system is the most prevalent secretion system in Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins are compelling vaccine candidates due to their demonstrated protective role in current licensed vaccines. Notably, Pertactin, FHA, and NadA are integral components of licensed vaccines designed to prevent infections caused by Bordetella pertussis or Neisseria meningitidis. In this review, we delve into the significance of incorporating T5SS proteins into licensed vaccines, their contributions to virulence, conserved structural motifs, and the protective immune responses elicited by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Da Costa
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica L Rooke
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wells
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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9
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Caniels TG, Medina-Ramìrez M, Zhang S, Kratochvil S, Xian Y, Koo JH, Derking R, Samsel J, van Schooten J, Pecetta S, Lamperti E, Yuan M, Carrasco MR, Del Moral Sánchez I, Allen JD, Bouhuijs JH, Yasmeen A, Ketas TJ, Snitselaar JL, Bijl TPL, Martin IC, Torres JL, Cupo A, Shirreff L, Rogers K, Mason RD, Roederer M, Greene KM, Gao H, Silva CM, Baken IJL, Tian M, Alt FW, Pulendran B, Seaman MS, Crispin M, van Gils MJ, Montefiori DC, McDermott AB, Villinger FJ, Koup RA, Moore JP, Klasse PJ, Ozorowski G, Batista FD, Wilson IA, Ward AB, Sanders RW. Germline-targeting HIV vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies to the CD4 binding site. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk9550. [PMID: 39213338 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk9550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Eliciting potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a major goal in HIV-1 vaccine development. Here, we describe how germline-targeting immunogen BG505 SOSIP germline trimer 1.1 (GT1.1), generated through structure-based design, engages a diverse range of VRC01-class bnAb precursors. A single immunization with GT1.1 expands CD4 binding site (CD4bs)-specific VRC01-class B cells in knock-in mice and drives VRC01-class maturation. In nonhuman primates (NHPs), GT1.1 primes CD4bs-specific neutralizing serum responses. Selected monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from GT1.1-immunized NHPs neutralize fully glycosylated BG505 virus. Two mAbs, 12C11 and 21N13, neutralize subsets of diverse heterologous neutralization-resistant viruses. High-resolution structures revealed that 21N13 targets the same conserved residues in the CD4bs as VRC01-class and CH235-class bnAbs despite its low sequence similarity (~40%), whereas mAb 12C11 binds predominantly through its heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3. These preclinical data underpin the ongoing evaluation of GT1.1 in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Caniels
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Medina-Ramìrez
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuejiao Xian
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Derking
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jakob Samsel
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone Pecetta
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward Lamperti
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - María Ríos Carrasco
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iván Del Moral Sánchez
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joey H Bouhuijs
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anila Yasmeen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonne L Snitselaar
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom P L Bijl
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabel Cuella Martin
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Shirreff
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | | | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catarina Mendes Silva
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabel J L Baken
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ming Tian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - François J Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Mixová G, Tihlaříková E, Zhu Y, Schindler L, Androvič L, Kracíková L, Hrdá E, Porsch B, Pechar M, Garliss CM, Wilson D, Welles HC, Holechek J, Ren Q, Lynn GM, Neděla V, Laga R. Synthesis and Structure Optimization of Star Copolymers as Tunable Macromolecular Carriers for Minimal Immunogen Vaccine Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1218-1232. [PMID: 39081220 PMCID: PMC11342300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Minimal immunogen vaccines are being developed to focus antibody responses against otherwise challenging targets, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but multimerization of the minimal peptide immunogen on a carrier platform is required for activity. Star copolymers comprising multiple hydrophilic polymer chains ("arms") radiating from a central dendrimer unit ("core") were recently reported to be an effective platform for arraying minimal immunogens for inducing antibody responses in mice and primates. However, the impact of different parameters of the star copolymer (e.g., minimal immunogen density and hydrodynamic size) on antibody responses and the optimal synthetic route for controlling those parameters remains to be fully explored. We synthesized a library of star copolymers composed of poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] hydrophilic arms extending from poly(amidoamine) dendrimer cores with the aim of identifying the optimal composition for use as minimal immunogen vaccines. Our results show that the length of the polymer arms has a crucial impact on the star copolymer hydrodynamic size and is precisely tunable over a range of 20-50 nm diameter, while the dendrimer generation affects the maximum number of arms (and therefore minimal immunogens) that can be attached to the surface of the dendrimer. In addition, high-resolution images of selected star copolymer taken by a custom-modified environmental scanning electron microscope enabled the acquisition of high-resolution images, providing new insights into the star copolymer structure. Finally, in vivo studies assessing a star copolymer vaccine comprising an HIV minimal immunogen showed the criticality of polymer arm length in promoting antibody responses and highlighting the importance of composition tunability to yield the desired biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mixová
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Institute
of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Královopolská
147, Brno 612 64, Czech Republic
| | - Yaling Zhu
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - Lucie Schindler
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Androvič
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kracíková
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Hrdá
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Bedřich Porsch
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher M. Garliss
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - David Wilson
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - Hugh C. Welles
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - Jake Holechek
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - Qiuyin Ren
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institutes of
Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Lynn
- Barinthus
Biotherapeutics North America, Inc. (formerly Avidea Technologies,
Inc.), 20400 Century
Boulevard, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United States
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute
of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Královopolská
147, Brno 612 64, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
nám. 2, Prague 162
06, Czech Republic
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11
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Filsinger Interrante MV, Adamska JZ, Zhou X, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Klich JH, Jons CK, Meany EL, Valdez AS, Carter L, Pulendran B, King NP, Appel EA. Saponin nanoparticle adjuvants incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists drive distinct immune signatures and potent vaccine responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7187. [PMID: 39110802 PMCID: PMC11305391 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1/2a, TLR4a, and TLR7/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa-saponin nanoparticle adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific T helper responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform that could improve the design of vaccines and affect modern vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria V. Filsinger Interrante
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Z. Adamska
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John H. Klich
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn K. Jons
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily L. Meany
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adian S. Valdez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
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12
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Friedrichs B, Rehg S, Hanschmann KM, Öppling V, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Determination of DTaP vaccine potency by multiplex immunogenicity testing using electrochemiluminescence. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:142. [PMID: 39112508 PMCID: PMC11306252 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lot release testing of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccines traditionally relied on in vivo protection models involving challenge of laboratory animals with toxins. Meanwhile, many labs have switched to serological testing of these vaccines, which is often performed in separate in vivo assays, even if all components were formulated into one vaccine product. Here we describe the results of simultaneous serological potency determination of diphtheria (D), tetanus (T) and acellular pertussis (aP) antigens obtained following immunization of guinea pigs with multicomponent pediatric and booster vaccines from different manufacturers. The 4th World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS) for diphtheria toxoid (No. 07/216) and the 4th WHO IS for tetanus toxoid (No. 08/218) were used as reference preparations. For aP, a pediatric vaccine batch containing the antigens pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin and fimbriae proteins type 2/3 was established as internal control. Quantification of IgG against D, T and aP antigens in guinea pig sera was performed using a hexaplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We further provide proof-of-concept using experimental vaccine samples lacking or containing reduced amounts of diphtheria toxoid in the presence of full amounts of tetanus and pertussis antigens and alum adjuvant. Importantly, the assay confirmed dose-response relationships for all antigens tested and was able to detect diphtheria out-of-specification batches. The results confirmed the suitability of the protocol for combined serology batch release testing of DTaP combination vaccines as first measure towards implementation of full in vitro testing of DTaP vaccines. This report summarizes the data and the protocol used for validation prior to implementation of this method in routine batch release testing of DTaP vaccines, which led to replacement of in vivo challenge experiments in our laboratory following the 3 R (replace, reduce, refine) principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Friedrichs
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Simone Rehg
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Kay-Martin Hanschmann
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Volker Öppling
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstr. 2, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Ding X, Sun M, Guo F, Qian X, Yuan H, Lou W, Wang Q, Lei X, Zeng W. Picrasidine S Induces cGAS-Mediated Cellular Immune Response as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310108. [PMID: 38900071 PMCID: PMC11348072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
New adjuvants that trigger cellular immune responses are urgently needed for the effective development of cancer and virus vaccines. Motivated by recent discoveries that show activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling boosts T cell immunity, this study proposes that targeting this pathway can be a strategic approach to identify novel vaccine adjuvants. Consequently, a comprehensive chemical screening of 6,800 small molecules is performed, which results in the discovery of the natural compound picrasidine S (PS) as an IFN-I inducer. Further analysis reveals that PS acts as a powerful adjuvant, significantly enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses. At the molecular level, PS initiates the activation of the cGAS-IFN-I pathway, leading to an enhanced T cell response. PS vaccination notably increases the population of CD8+ central memory (TCM)-like cells and boosts the CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Thus, this study identifies PS as a promising candidate for developing vaccine adjuvants in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ding
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xinmin Qian
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Haoyu Yuan
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Institute of Cancer ResearchShen Zhen Bay LaboratoryShen Zhen518107China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- SXMU‐Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier MedicineTaiyuan030001China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
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14
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Kuzmin IV, Soto Acosta R, Pruitt L, Wasdin PT, Kedarinath K, Hernandez KR, Gonzales KA, Hill K, Weidner NG, Mire C, Engdahl TB, Moon WJ, Popov V, Crowe JE, Georgiev IS, Garcia-Blanco MA, Abbott RK, Bukreyev A. Comparison of uridine and N1-methylpseudouridine mRNA platforms in development of an Andes virus vaccine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6421. [PMID: 39080316 PMCID: PMC11289437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The rodent-borne Andes virus (ANDV) causes a severe disease in humans. We developed an ANDV mRNA vaccine based on the M segment of the viral genome, either with regular uridine (U-mRNA) or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ-mRNA). Female mice immunized by m1Ψ-mRNA developed slightly greater germinal center (GC) responses than U-mRNA-immunized mice. Single cell RNA and BCR sequencing of the GC B cells revealed similar levels of activation, except an additional cluster of cells exhibiting interferon response in animals vaccinated with U-mRNA but not m1Ψ-mRNA. Similar immunoglobulin class-switching and somatic hypermutations were observed in response to the vaccines. Female Syrian hamsters were immunized via a prime-boost regimen with two doses of each vaccine. The titers of glycoprotein-binding antibodies were greater for U-mRNA construct than for m1Ψ-mRNA construct; however, the titers of ANDV-neutralizing antibodies were similar. Vaccinated animals were challenged with a lethal dose of ANDV, along with a naïve control group. All control animals and two animals vaccinated with a lower dose of m1Ψ-mRNA succumbed to infection whereas other vaccinated animals survived without evidence of virus replication. The data demonstrate the development of a protective vaccine against ANDV and the lack of a substantial effect of m1Ψ modification on immunogenicity and protection in rodents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Mice
- Mesocricetus
- Uridine
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Orthohantavirus/immunology
- Orthohantavirus/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Pseudouridine/immunology
- Cricetinae
- mRNA Vaccines
- Hemorrhagic Fever, American/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, American/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, American/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Humans
- Vaccine Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Kuzmin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ruben Soto Acosta
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Layne Pruitt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Perry T Wasdin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kritika Kedarinath
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Keziah R Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kristyn A Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kharighan Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole G Weidner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Mire
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor B Engdahl
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Vsevolod Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert K Abbott
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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15
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Chong EA, Kumashie KG, Chong ER, Fabrizio J, Gupta A, Svoboda J, Barta SK, Walsh KM, Napier EB, Lundberg RK, Nasta SD, Gerson JN, Landsburg DJ, Gonzalez J, Gaano A, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, John GN, Kammerman SC, Novacek J, Pajarillo R, Lundgreen KA, Tanenbaum N, Gouma S, Drapeau EM, Adamski S, D’Andrea K, Pattekar A, Hicks A, Korte S, Sharma H, Herring S, Williams JC, Hamilton JT, Bates P, Hensley SE, Prak ETL, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ, Schuster SJ, Ruella M, Vella LA. Immunologic Predictors of Vaccine Responsiveness in Patients With Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:15-27. [PMID: 39052709 PMCID: PMC11272091 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with B-cell lymphomas have altered cellular components of vaccine responses due to malignancy and therapy, and the optimal timing of vaccination relative to therapy remains unknown. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines created an opportunity for new insights in vaccine timing because patients were challenged with a novel antigen across multiple phases of treatment. We studied serologic messenger RNA vaccine response in retrospective and prospective cohorts with lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, paired with clinical and research immune parameters. Reduced serologic response was observed more frequently during active treatment, but nonresponse was also common within observation and posttreatment groups. Total immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M correlated with successful vaccine response. In individuals treated with anti-CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, nonresponse was associated with reduced B and T follicular helper cells. Predictors of vaccine response varied by disease and therapeutic group, and therefore further studies of immune health during and after cancer therapies are needed to individualize vaccine timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Chong
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emeline R Chong
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Fabrizio
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jakub Svoboda
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Stefan K Barta
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Kristy M Walsh
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ellen B Napier
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel K Lundberg
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sunita D Nasta
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - James N Gerson
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Landsburg
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin N John
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Shane C Kammerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Josef Novacek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Adamski
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Scott Korte
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Sarah Herring
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Ruella
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
- Institute for Immunology
| | - Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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16
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Brady AM, El-Badry E, Padron-Regalado E, Escudero González NA, Joo DL, Rota PA, Crooke SN. Serosurveillance for Measles and Rubella. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:816. [PMID: 39066453 PMCID: PMC11281569 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella remain global health threats, despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines. Estimates of population immunity are crucial for achieving elimination goals and assessing the impact of vaccination programs, yet conducting well-designed serosurveys can be challenging, especially in resource-limited settings. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of 130 measles and rubella studies published from January 2014 to January 2024. Methodologies and design aspects of serosurveys varied greatly, including sample size, assay type, and population demographics. Most studies utilized enzyme immunoassays for IgG detection. Sample sizes showed diverse sampling methods but favored convenience sampling despite its limitations. Studies spanned 59 countries, predominantly including adults, and revealed disparities in seroprevalence across demographics, regions, and notably among migrants and women. Age-related declines in antibodies were observed, particularly among infants, and correlations between vaccination status and seropositivity varied. We conclude with an outlook on measles and rubella serosurveillance, emphasizing the need for proper survey design and the advantages of standardized, multiplex serology assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen N. Crooke
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA (D.L.J.); (P.A.R.)
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17
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Lindegger DJ. Advanced Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 39051379 PMCID: PMC11270269 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge with approximately 38 million people currently having the virus worldwide. Despite advances in treatment development, the virus persists in the human population and still leads to new infections. The virus has a powerful ability to mutate and hide from the human immune system in reservoirs of the body. Current standard treatment with antiretroviral therapy effectively controls viral replication but requires lifelong adherence and does not eradicate the virus. This review explores the potential of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as novel therapeutic approaches to HIV, including cell therapy, immunisation strategies and gene therapy. Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, shows promise in preclinical studies for targeting and eliminating HIV-infected cells. Immunisation therapies, such as broadly neutralising antibodies are being investigated to control viral replication and reduce reservoirs. Despite setbacks in recent trials, vaccines remain a promising avenue for HIV therapy development. Gene therapy using technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 aims to modify cells to resist HIV infection or eliminate infected cells. Challenges such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency and ethical considerations persist in gene therapy for HIV. Future directions require further research to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging therapies in clinical trials. Combined approaches may be necessary to achieve complete elimination of the HIV reservoir. Overall, advanced therapies offer new hope for advancing HIV treatment and moving closer to a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Josef Lindegger
- Independent Researcher, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland;
- Independent Researcher, London SW1A2JR, UK
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18
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Liu C, Li S, Qiao M, Zeng C, Liu X, Tang Y. GB and gH/gL fusion machinery: a promising target for vaccines to prevent Epstein-Barr virus infection. Arch Virol 2024; 169:167. [PMID: 39020055 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the family Orthoherpesviridae that is associated with the development of various tumors, such as lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer. There are no uniformly effective treatments for human EBV infection, and vaccines and immunotherapies are currently the main research directions. The glycoproteins gB and gH/gL are surface glycoproteins that are common to all herpesviruses, with subtle differences in structure and function between different viruses. The core membrane fusion machinery constituted by EBV gB and gH/gL is an important target of neutralizing antibodies in epithelial EBV infection due to its essential role in the fusion of viral and target cell membranes. In this article, we review the main modes of EBV infection, the structure and function of the core fusion machinery gB and gH/gL, and the development of neutralizing antibodies and prophylactic vaccines based on this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Shaoyang County, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Muchuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunlian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Chen B, Yang Y, Wang Z, Dai X, Cao Y, Zhang M, Zhang D, Ni X, Zeng Y, Pan K. Surface Display of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 VP1 Protein on Bacillus subtilis Spores Elicits Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses on Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10323-2. [PMID: 39002060 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Duck viral hepatitis, primarily caused by duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), poses a significant threat to the global duck industry. Bacillus subtilis is commonly utilized as a safe probiotic in the development of mucosal vaccines. In this study, a recombinant strain of B. subtilis, designated as B. subtilis RV, was constructed to display the DHAV-1 capsid protein VP1 on its spore surface using the outer coat protein B as an anchoring agent. The immunogenicity of this recombinant strain was evaluated in a mouse model through mixed feeding immunization. The results indicated that B. subtilis RV could elicit specific systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice, as evidenced by the high levels of serum IgG, intestinal secretory IgA, and potent virus-neutralizing antibodies produced. Furthermore, the recombinant strain significantly upregulated the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the intestinal mucosa. Thus, the recombinant strain maintained the balance of the Th1/Th2 immune response and demonstrated an excellent mucosal immune adjuvant function. In summary, this study suggests that B. subtilis RV can be a novel alternative for effectively controlling DHAV-1 infection as a vaccine-based feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xixi Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, 404155, China
| | - Yuheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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20
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Griskaitis M, Thielemann I, Schönfeld V, Falman A, Scholz S, Reinacher U, Haas L, Wichmann O, Harder T. Effectiveness and duration of protection of primary and booster immunisation against meningococcal serogroup C disease with meningococcal conjugate C and ACWY vaccines: Systematic review. J Infect 2024; 89:106228. [PMID: 38996818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) and duration of protection of single primary and booster immunisation with meningococcal C (MenC) and ACWY (MenACWY) conjugate vaccines in preventing MenC invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). METHODS We performed a systematic review on studies of VE and immunogenicity (rSBA/hSBA titers) of participants aged 12-23 months for primary and 6-18 years for booster immunisation (last search: 18 August 2023). Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated (PROSPERO: CRD42020178773). RESULTS We identified 10 studies. Two studies reported VE of primary immunisation with MenC vaccines ranging between 90% (74.9 - 96.1) and 84.1% (41.5 - 95.7) for periods of 2 and 7 years, respectively. Eight studies reported immunogenicity of primary immunisation with MenC and/or MenACWY vaccines, of which two reported -in addition- on booster immunisation. The percentage of participants with protective rSBA titers was high after primary immunisation but waned over the following 6 years. A single booster at the age of 7 years or older seems to prolong protection for several years. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of MenC or MenACWY vaccine at 12-23 months of age provides robust protection against MenC IMD. Data on booster immunisation are sparse, but indicate prolonged protection for three years at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Griskaitis
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Thielemann
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schönfeld
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Falman
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Reinacher
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Haas
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Robert Koch Institute, Immunisation Unit, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Schiepers A, Van't Wout MFL, Hobbs A, Mesin L, Victora GD. Opposing effects of pre-existing antibody and memory T cell help on the dynamics of recall germinal centers. Immunity 2024; 57:1618-1628.e4. [PMID: 38838672 PMCID: PMC11236515 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Re-exposure to an antigen generates abundant antibody responses and drives the formation of secondary germinal centers (GCs). Recall GCs in mice consist almost entirely of naïve B cells, whereas recall antibodies derive overwhelmingly from memory B cells. Here, we examine this division between cellular and serum compartments. After repeated immunization with the same antigen, tetramer analyses of recall GCs revealed a marked decrease in the ability of B cells in these structures to bind the antigen. Boosting with viral variant proteins restored antigen binding in recall GCs, as did genetic ablation of primary-derived antibody-secreting cells through conditional deletion of Prdm1, demonstrating suppression of GC recall responses by pre-existing antibodies. In hapten-carrier experiments in which B and T cell specificities were uncoupled, memory T cell help allowed B cells with undetectable antigen binding to access GCs. Thus, antibody-mediated feedback steers recall GC B cells away from previously targeted epitopes and enables specific targeting of variant epitopes, with implications for vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alvaro Hobbs
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Fantoni G, Boccadifuoco G, Verdirosa F, Molesti E, Manenti A, Montomoli E. Current challenges and improvements in assessing the immunogenicity of bacterial vaccines. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404637. [PMID: 39044946 PMCID: PMC11263209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains has highlighted the need for a new vaccine strategy. The primary goal of a candidate vaccine is to prevent disease, by inducing a persistent immunologic memory, through the activation of pathogen-specific immune response. Antibody titer is the main parameter used to assess the immunogenicity of bacterial vaccine candidates and it is the most widely used as a correlate of protection. On the other hand, the antibody titer alone cannot provide complete information on all the activity mediated by antibodies which can only be assessed by functional assays, like the serum bactericidal assay and the opsonophagocytosis assay. However, due to the involvement of many biological factors, these assays are difficult to standardize. Some improvements have been achieved in recent years, but further optimizations are needed to minimize inter- and intra-laboratories variability and to allow the applicability of these functional assays for the vaccine immunogenicity assessment on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fantoni
- VisMederi S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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23
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Kundu J, Le HT, Logan M, Hockman D, Landi A, Crawford K, Wininger M, Johnson J, Kundu JK, Tiffney EA, Urbanowicz RA, Ball JK, Bailey JR, Bukh J, Law M, Foung S, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M, Law JL. Recombinant H77C gpE1/gpE2 heterodimer elicits superior HCV cross-neutralisation than H77C gpE2 alone. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02335-3. [PMID: 38986744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An optimal HCV vaccine requires the induction of antibodies that neutralise the infectivity of many heterogenous viral isolates. In this study, we have focused on determining the optimal recombinant envelope glycoprotein component to elicit cross-neutralising antibodies against global HCV genotypes. We compared the immunoreactivity and antigenicity of the HCV genotype 1a strain H77C-derived envelope glycoprotein heterodimer gpE1/gpE2 with that of recombinant gpE2 alone. METHODS Characterisation of the envelope glycoproteins was accomplished by determining their ability to bind to a panel of broadly cross-neutralising monoclonal antibodies. Immunogenicity was determined by testing the ability of vaccine antisera to neutralise the infectivity in vitro of a panel of pseudotyped HCV particles in which gpE1/gpE2 derived from representative isolates of the major global HCV genotypes were displayed. RESULTS gpE1/gpE2 binds to more diverse broadly cross-neutralising antibodies than gpE2 alone and elicits a broader profile of cross-neutralising antibodies in animals, especially against more heterologous, non-1a genotypes. While not all heterologous HCV strains can be potently inhibited in vitro by gpE1/gpE2 antisera derived from a single HCV strain, the breadth of heterologous cross-neutralisation is shown to be substantial. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports the inclusion of gpE1/gpE2 in an HCV vaccine in order to maximise the cross-neutralisation of heterogenous HCV isolates. Our data also offers future directions in formulating a cocktail of gpE1/gpE2 antigens from a small selection of HCV genotypes to further enhance cross-neutralisation of global HCV strains and hopefully advance the development of a globally effective HCV vaccine. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS An HCV vaccine is urgently required to prevent the high global incidence of HCV infection and disease. Since HCV is a highly heterogeneous virus, it is desirable for a vaccine to elicit antibodies that neutralise the infectivity of most global strains. To this end, we have compared the immunoreactivity and antigenicity of recombinant H77C E1E2 heterodimer with that of H77C E2 alone and show that the former exhibits more cross-neutralising epitopes and demonstrates a broader cross-neutralisation profile in vitro. In addition, our data suggests a way to further broaden cross-neutralisation using a combination of E1E2 antigens derived from a few different HCV clades. Our work is relevant for the development of an effective global HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthika Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hoa T Le
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Logan
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren Hockman
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdolamir Landi
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Crawford
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Wininger
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janelle Johnson
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joydeb K Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Alana Tiffney
- Dept of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- Dept of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Justin R Bailey
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John Lokman Law
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Young MK, Ng SK, Faddy HM, Nimmo GR. Comparison of Anti-Hepatitis A Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Australian Subjects Receiving Standard or Weight-Based Dosing of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38967110 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial compared two dosing regimens of the polyvalent immunoglobulin available for hepatitis A post-exposure prophylaxis in Australia. Participants were randomized to receive either 270 IU (standard dose) or 3.375 IU/kg (dose by weight). Quantitative serial serum hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at baseline and then on days 1, 3, 7, 28, and 50. Fifteen participants completed the trial. Serum hepatitis A antibody concentrations were not different between the study groups at any time point. Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated from participant data were not different between the study groups. The hepatitis A antibody level of all participants exceeded 10 mIU/mL at day 50. While no difference between dosing regimens was found in this study, further research should examine dosing at the lower limit of current Australian recommendations before making policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Young
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute - Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Health, Lutwyche, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute - Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme R Nimmo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Bufan B, Arsenović-Ranin N, Živković I, Ćuruvija I, Blagojević V, Dragačević L, Kovačević A, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Leposavić G. Modulation of T-Cell-Dependent Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccine by Multiple Antioxidant/Immunomodulatory Micronutrient Supplementation. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:743. [PMID: 39066381 PMCID: PMC11281378 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding prevalence gaps in micronutrients supporting immune functions, the significance of their deficits/supplementation for the efficacy of vaccines is underinvestigated. Thus, the influence of supplementation combining vitamins C and D, zinc, selenium, manganese, and N-acetyl cysteine on immune correlates/surrogates of protection conferred by a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) in mice was investigated. The supplementation starting 5 days before the first of two QIV injections given 28 days apart increased the serum titres of total and neutralizing IgG against each of four influenza strains from QIV. Accordingly, the frequencies of germinal center B cells, follicular CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and IL-21-producing Th cells increased in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Additionally, the supplementation improved already increased IgG response to the second QIV injection by augmenting not only neutralizing antibody production, but also IgG2a response, which is important for virus clearance, through favoring Th1 differentiation as indicated by Th1 (IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-4) signature cytokine level ratio upon QIV restimulation in SLO cell cultures. This most likely partly reflected antioxidant action of the supplement as indicated by splenic redox status analyses. Thus, the study provides a solid scientific background for further research aimed at repurposing the use of this safe and inexpensive micronutrient combination to improve response to the influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.B.); (N.A.-R.)
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.B.); (N.A.-R.)
| | - Irena Živković
- Department of Research and Development, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.Ž.); (I.Ć.); (V.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Ivana Ćuruvija
- Department of Research and Development, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.Ž.); (I.Ć.); (V.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Department of Research and Development, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.Ž.); (I.Ć.); (V.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Luka Dragačević
- Department of Research and Development, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.Ž.); (I.Ć.); (V.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Ana Kovačević
- Department for Virology Control, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Filsinger Interrante MV, Adamska JZ, Zhou X, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Klich JH, Jons CK, Meany EL, Valdez AS, Carter L, Pulendran B, King NP, Appel EA. Saponin Nanoparticle Adjuvants Incorporating Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Drive Distinct Immune Signatures and Potent Vaccine Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.16.549249. [PMID: 37577608 PMCID: PMC10418080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1/2a, TLR4a, TLR7/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa-SNP adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific Th-responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform which could improve the design of vaccines for and dramatically impact modern vaccine development. Teaser Saponin-TLRa nanoadjuvants provide distinct immune signatures and drive potent, broad, durable COVID-19 and HIV vaccine responses.
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27
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Zhong L, Zhang W, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wen Z, Chen L, Chen H, Luo Y, Chen Y, Feng Q, Zeng MS, Zhao Q, Liu L, Krummenacher C, Zeng YX, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang X. A cocktail nanovaccine targeting key entry glycoproteins elicits high neutralizing antibody levels against EBV infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5310. [PMID: 38906867 PMCID: PMC11192767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is closely associated with various malignancies. Considering the complex life cycle of EBV, developing vaccines targeting key entry glycoproteins to elicit robust and durable adaptive immune responses may provide better protection. EBV gHgL-, gB- and gp42-specific antibodies in healthy EBV carriers contributed to sera neutralizing abilities in vitro, indicating that they are potential antigen candidates. To enhance the immunogenicity of these antigens, we formulate three nanovaccines by co-delivering molecular adjuvants (CpG and MPLA) and antigens (gHgL, gB or gp42). These nanovaccines induce robust humoral and cellular responses through efficient activation of dendritic cells and germinal center response. Importantly, these nanovaccines generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies recognizing vulnerable sites of all three antigens. IgGs induced by a cocktail vaccine containing three nanovaccines confer superior protection from lethal EBV challenge in female humanized mice compared to IgG elicited by individual NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42. Importantly, serum antibodies elicited by cocktail nanovaccine immunization confer durable protection against EBV-associated lymphoma. Overall, the cocktail nanovaccine shows robust immunogenicity and is a promising candidate for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanran Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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28
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Edwards KR, Schmidt K, Homad LJ, Kher GM, Xu G, Rodrigues KA, Ben-Akiva E, Abbott J, Prlic M, Newell EW, De Rosa SC, Irvine DJ, Pancera M, McGuire AT. Vaccination with nanoparticles displaying gH/gL from Epstein-Barr virus elicits limited cross-protection against rhesus lymphocryptovirus. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101587. [PMID: 38781964 PMCID: PMC11228584 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with infectious mononucleosis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. A vaccine that prevents infection and/or EBV-associated morbidity is an unmet need. The viral gH/gL glycoprotein complex is essential for infectivity, making it an attractive vaccine target. Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity of a gH/gL nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with the Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS) or a saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle (SMNP) in rhesus macaques. Formulation with SMNP elicits higher titers of neutralizing antibodies and more vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells. All but one animal in the SMNP group were infected after oral challenge with the EBV ortholog rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV). Their immune plasma had a 10- to 100-fold lower reactivity against rhLCV gH/gL compared to EBV gH/gL. Anti-EBV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies showed reduced binding to rhLCV gH/gL, demonstrating that EBV gH/gL neutralizing epitopes are poorly conserved on rhLCV gH/gL. Prevention of rhLCV infection despite antigenic disparity supports clinical development of gH/gL nanoparticle vaccines against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Edwards
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karina Schmidt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leah J Homad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gargi M Kher
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guoyue Xu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Departments of Biological Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joe Abbott
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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29
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Sobczak JM, Barkovska I, Balke I, Rothen DA, Mohsen MO, Skrastina D, Ogrina A, Martina B, Jansons J, Bogans J, Vogel M, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:661. [PMID: 38932390 PMCID: PMC11209419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein-nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irena Barkovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anete Ogrina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bioservices, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Protinhi Therapeutics, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
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30
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Acosta CJ, Nordio F, Boltz DA, Baldwin WR, Hather G, Kpamegan E. Predicting Efficacy of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine in Flavivirus-Naïve Humans Using an Immunological Correlate of Protection in Non-Human Primates. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1177. [PMID: 38930559 PMCID: PMC11206130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A traditional phase 3 clinical efficacy study for a Zika vaccine may be unfeasible because of the current low transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). An alternative clinical development approach to evaluate Zika vaccine efficacy (VE) is therefore required, delineated in the US FDA's Accelerated Approval Program for licensure, which utilizes an anti-Zika neutralizing antibody (Zika NAb) titer correlated with non-human primate (NHP) protection as a surrogate endpoint. In this accelerated approval approach, the estimation of VE would be inferred from the percentage of phase 3 trial participants achieving the established surrogate endpoint. We provide a statistical framework to predict the probability of protection for human participants vaccinated with a purified inactivated ZIKV vaccine (TAK-426), in the absence of VE measurements, using NHP data under a single-correlate model. Based on a logistic regression (LR) with bias-reduction model, a probability of 90% protection in humans is expected with a ZIKV NAb geometric mean titer (GMT) ≥ 3.38 log10 half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). The predicted probability of protection of TAK-426 against ZIKV infection was determined using the two-parameter LR model that fit the calculated VE in rhesus macaques and the flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants' ZIKV NAb GMTs log10 EC50, measured by a ZIKV reporter virus particle assay, at 1 month post dose 2. The TAK-426 10 µg dose predicted a probability of protection from infection of 98% among flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo J. Acosta
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (F.N.); (D.A.B.); (W.R.B.); (G.H.); (E.K.)
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31
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Pérez Chacón G, Estcourt MJ, Totterdell J, Marsh JA, Perrett KP, Campbell DE, Wood N, Gold M, Waddington CS, O’ Sullivan M, McAlister S, Curtis N, Jones M, McIntyre PB, Holt PG, Richmond PC, Snelling T. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and IgE-mediated immune responses of a mixed whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine schedule in Australian infants: A randomised, double-blind, noninferiority trial. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004414. [PMID: 38857311 PMCID: PMC11198910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, infant vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has replaced use of more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Based on immunological and epidemiological evidence, we hypothesised that substituting the first aP dose in the routine vaccination schedule with wP vaccine might protect against IgE-mediated food allergy. We aimed to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and IgE-mediated responses of a mixed wP/aP primary schedule versus the standard aP-only schedule. METHODS AND FINDINGS OPTIMUM is a Bayesian, 2-stage, double-blind, randomised trial. In stage one, infants were assigned (1:1) to either a first dose of a pentavalent wP combination vaccine (DTwP-Hib-HepB, Pentabio PT Bio Farma, Indonesia) or a hexavalent aP vaccine (DTaP-Hib-HepB-IPV, Infanrix hexa, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia) at approximately 6 weeks old. Subsequently, all infants received the hexavalent aP vaccine at 4 and 6 months old as well as an aP vaccine at 18 months old (DTaP-IPV, Infanrix-IPV, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia). Stage two is ongoing and follows the above randomisation strategy and vaccination schedule. Ahead of ascertainment of the primary clinical outcome of allergist-confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy by 12 months old, here we present the results of secondary immunogenicity, reactogenicity, tetanus toxoid IgE-mediated immune responses, and parental acceptability endpoints. Serum IgG responses to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis antigens were measured using a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay; total and specific IgE were measured in plasma by means of the ImmunoCAP assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The immunogenicity of the mixed schedule was defined as being noninferior to that of the aP-only schedule using a noninferiority margin of 2/3 on the ratio of the geometric mean concentrations (GMR) of pertussis toxin (PT)-IgG 1 month after the 6-month aP. Solicited adverse reactions were summarised by study arm and included all children who received the first dose of either wP or aP. Parental acceptance was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The primary analyses were based on intention-to-treat (ITT); secondary per-protocol (PP) analyses were also performed. The trial is registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12617000065392p). Between March 7, 2018 and January 13, 2020, 150 infants were randomised (75 per arm). PT-IgG responses of the mixed schedule were noninferior to the aP-only schedule at approximately 1 month after the 6-month aP dose [GMR = 0·98, 95% credible interval (0·77 to 1·26); probability (GMR > 2/3) > 0·99; ITT analysis]. At 7 months old, the posterior median probability of quantitation for tetanus toxoid IgE was 0·22 (95% credible interval 0·12 to 0·34) in both the mixed schedule group and in the aP-only group. Despite exclusions, the results were consistent in the PP analysis. At 6 weeks old, irritability was the most common systemic solicited reaction reported in wP (65 [88%] of 74) versus aP (59 [82%] of 72) vaccinees. At the same age, severe systemic reactions were reported among 14 (19%) of 74 infants after wP and 8 (11%) of 72 infants after aP. There were 7 SAEs among 5 participants within the first 6 months of follow-up; on blinded assessment, none were deemed to be related to the study vaccines. Parental acceptance of mixed and aP-only schedules was high (71 [97%] of 73 versus 69 [96%] of 72 would agree to have the same schedule again). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the aP-only schedule, the mixed schedule evoked noninferior PT-IgG responses, was associated with more severe reactions, but was well accepted by parents. Tetanus toxoid IgE responses did not differ across the study groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical 207 Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000065392p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladymar Pérez Chacón
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marie J. Estcourt
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Totterdell
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A. Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten P. Perrett
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianne E. Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Gold
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael O’ Sullivan
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia McAlister
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter B. McIntyre
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patrick G. Holt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C. Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gold T, Gualtieri R, Posfay-Barbe K, Wildhaber BE, McLin V, Blanchard-Rohner G. Assessing vaccine-induced immunity against pneumococcus, hepatitis A and B over a 9-year follow-up in pediatric liver transplant recipients: A nationwide retrospective study. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1070-1079. [PMID: 38103788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric liver transplant recipients are particularly at risk of infections. The most cost-effective way to prevent infectious complications is through vaccination, which can potentially prevent infections due to hepatitis B (HBV) virus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and invasive pneumococcal diseases. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis of HBV, HAV, and pneumococcal immunity in pediatric liver transplant recipients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020, to collect data on immunization and vaccine serology. A total of 94% (58/62) patients had available vaccination records. At transplant, 90% (45/50) were seroprotected against HBV, 63% (19/30) against HAV, and 78% (18/23) had pneumococcal immunity, but immunity against these 3 pathogens remained suboptimal during the 9-year follow-up. A booster vaccine was administered to only 20% to 40% of patients. Children who had received >4 doses of HBV vaccine and > 2 doses of HAV vaccine pretransplant displayed a higher overall seroprotection over time post-solid organ transplant. Our findings suggest that a serology-based approach should be accompanied by a more systematic follow-up of vaccination, with special attention paid to patients with an incomplete vaccination status at time of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temisan Gold
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renato Gualtieri
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara Posfay-Barbe
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E Wildhaber
- Division of Child and Adolescent Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie McLin
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Unit of Immunology and Vaccinology, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mathew S, Alex D, Demosthenes JP, Rose W, Chacko A, Kompithra RZ, Ramalingam VV, Prakash JAJ, Mathai J, Fletcher GJ, Abraham P, Verghese VP, Kannangai R. Heterogeneity and Hierarchy of Immune Response to Primary Immunization in HIV-Infected Children on HAART and the Impact of an Additional Dose of Vaccine. Indian J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12098-024-05148-4. [PMID: 38801497 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-024-05148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The nature of vaccine response inferiority is not well studied in children living with HIV (CLHIV). The authors investigated Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Diphtheria/Pertussis/Tetanus toxoid (DPT) vaccination responses following primary immunization in CLHIV (n = 42) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 38) and the effect of an additional vaccine dose. Antibody responses, CD4 and HBV-specific T/B cells were analysed using CMIA/ELISA and flow-cytometry. CLHIV had significantly lower baseline median antibody titres for all vaccines than HC (p <0.02). Differential seroprotection rates observed in CLHIV were, 4.8% for pertussis; 9.5% for HBV; 26.2% for diphtheria and 66.7% for tetanus. WHO staging significantly influenced anti-HBs levels (p = 0.0095). HBsAg-specific CD4+T-cells were significantly higher in CLHIV than HC (p = 0.042). An additional vaccine dose (HBV and Tdap) conferred a higher protection rate for tetanus and diphtheria (p <0.040) in CLHIV. These findings suggest that CLHIV exhibit a hierarchy of vaccine responses affecting antibody levels and protection rate, which was rescued by administering additional vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mathew
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Diviya Alex
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - John Paul Demosthenes
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Winsley Rose
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Anila Chacko
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | | | | | - John Antony Jude Prakash
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - John Mathai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | | | - Priya Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Valsan Philip Verghese
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
| | - Rajesh Kannangai
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
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Nham E, Noh JY, Park O, Choi WS, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in the Endemic Period: Lessons from Influenza. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:514. [PMID: 38793765 PMCID: PMC11125835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease with many similarities to influenza. Effective vaccines are available for both; however, rapid viral evolution and waning immunity make them virtually impossible to eradicate with vaccines. Thus, the practical goal of vaccination is to reduce the incidence of serious illnesses and death. Three years after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, the optimal vaccination strategy in the endemic period remains elusive, and health authorities worldwide have begun to adopt various approaches. Herein, we propose a COVID-19 vaccination strategy based on the data available until early 2024 and discuss aspects that require further clarification for better decision making. Drawing from comparisons between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination strategies, our proposed COVID-19 vaccination strategy prioritizes high-risk groups, emphasizes seasonal administration aligned with influenza vaccination campaigns, and advocates the co-administration with influenza vaccines to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Rahmani A, Montecucco A, Priano L, Mandolini L, Dini G, Durando P. Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:494. [PMID: 38793745 PMCID: PMC11125960 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines represent effective public health measures in contrasting the pandemic worldwide. However, protection at the individual-level, which is of crucial importance from an occupational health perspective, is commonly assessed by a serological correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2, which has not yet been determined. The emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) that have shown high rates of breakthrough infections has further complicated the understanding of immune protection against infection. To define a potential serological correlate of protection induced by the COVID-19 vaccination, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the evidence concerning the binding antibody concentration corresponding to a protective effect. Eighteen and four studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. The protection against infection was shown for anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers ranging from 154 to 168.2 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL during the pre-Omicron period, while ranging from 1235 to 3035 BAU/mL in the Omicron period. Pooling the results from the studies concerning anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody titer, we found a mean of 1341.5 BAU/mL and 1400.1 BAU/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that although a fixed serological threshold corresponding to protection against different SARS-CoV-2 variants is not yet definable, higher binding antibody concentrations are associated with increased protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alborz Rahmani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Alfredo Montecucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Priano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Mandolini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Dini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Uher R, Pavlova B, Najafi S, Adepalli N, Ross B, Howes Vallis E, Freeman K, Parker R, Propper L, Palaniyappan L. Antecedents of major depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105625. [PMID: 38494121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.4 to a mean age of 24.8 for 1522,426 person years of follow-up. We completed meta-analyses of 12 antecedents with adequate data. Psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disruptive behaviors, affective lability, and sleep problems were transdiagnostic antecedents associated with onsets of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and hypomanic symptoms specifically predicted bipolar disorder. While transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific antecedents inform targeted prevention and help understand pathogenic mechanisms, extensive gaps in evidence indicate potential for improving early risk identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sara Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nitya Adepalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Briana Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
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Szinger D, Berki T, Drenjančević I, Samardzic S, Zelić M, Sikora M, Požgain A, Markovics Á, Farkas N, Németh P, Böröcz K. Raising Epidemiological Awareness: Assessment of Measles/MMR Susceptibility in Highly Vaccinated Clusters within the Hungarian and Croatian Population-A Sero-Surveillance Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:486. [PMID: 38793737 PMCID: PMC11125914 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the complete eradication of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) may foster complacency and compromise vaccination efforts. Decreased measles vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic have heightened the risk of outbreaks, even in adequately vaccinated populations. To address this, we have aligned with ECDC recommendations, leveraging previous cross-border sero-epidemiological assessments between Pécs, Hungary, and Osijek, Croatia, to identify latent risk groups and uncover potential parallels between our nations. Testing 2680 Hungarian and 1764 Croatian serum samples for anti-MMR IgG via ELISAs revealed anti-measles seropositivity ratios below expectations in Croatian cohorts aged ~20-30 (75.7%), ~30-40 (77.5%) and ~40-50 years (73.3%). Similarly, Hungarian samples also showed suboptimal seropositivity ratios in the ~30-40 (80.9%) and ~40-50 (87.3%) age groups. Considering mumps- and rubella-associated seropositivity trends, in both examined populations, individuals aged ~30-50 years exhibited the highest vulnerability. Additionally, we noted congruent seropositivity trends across both countries, despite distinct immunization and epidemiological contexts. Therefore, we propose expanding research to encompass the intricate dynamics of vaccination, including waning long-term immunity. This understanding could facilitate targeted interventions and bolster public awareness. Our findings underscore persistent challenges in attaining robust immunity against measles despite vaccination endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szinger
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Scientific Centre for Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Samardzic
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Marija Zelić
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Magdalena Sikora
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arlen Požgain
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ákos Markovics
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Department of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
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Zhong Y, Kang AYH, Tay CJX, Li HE, Elyana N, Tan CW, Yap WC, Lim JME, Le Bert N, Chan KR, Ong EZ, Low JG, Shek LP, Tham EH, Ooi EE. Correlates of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated children. Nat Med 2024; 30:1373-1383. [PMID: 38689059 PMCID: PMC11164684 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The paucity of information on longevity of vaccine-induced immune responses and uncertainty of the correlates of protection hinder the development of evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts. Here, to address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a cohort study of healthy 5-12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding and neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs), spike-specific memory B cell (MBC) and spike-reactive T cell responses over 1 year. We found that children mounted antibody, MBC and T cell responses after two doses of BNT162b2, with higher antibody and T cell responses than adults 6 months after vaccination. A booster (third) dose only improved antibody titers without impacting MBC and T cell responses. Among children with hybrid immunity, nAbs and T cell responses were highest in those infected after two vaccine doses. Binding IgG titers, MBC and T cell responses were predictive, with T cells being the most important predictor of protection against symptomatic infection before hybrid immunity; nAbs only correlated with protection after hybrid immunity. The stable MBC and T cell responses over time suggest sustained protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when nAbs wane. Booster vaccinations do not confer additional immunological protection to healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Zhong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alicia Y H Kang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carina J X Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui' En Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurul Elyana
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Chee Yap
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey M E Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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39
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Ma B, Tao M, Li Z, Zheng Q, Wu H, Chen P. Mucosal vaccines for viral diseases: Status and prospects. Virology 2024; 593:110026. [PMID: 38373360 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Virus-associated infectious diseases are highly detrimental to human health and animal husbandry. Among all countermeasures against infectious diseases, prophylactic vaccines, which developed through traditional or novel approaches, offer potential benefits. More recently, mucosal vaccines attract attention for their extraordinary characteristics compared to conventional parenteral vaccines, particularly for mucosal-related pathogens. Representatively, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), further accelerated the research and development efforts for mucosal vaccines by thoroughly investigating existing strategies or involving novel techniques. While several vaccine candidates achieved positive progresses, thus far, part of the current COVID-19 mucosal vaccines have shown poor performance, which underline the need for next-generation mucosal vaccines and corresponding platforms. In this review, we summarized the typical mucosal vaccines approved for humans or animals and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these successful cases. In addition, mucosal vaccines against COVID-19 that are in human clinical trials were reviewed in detail since this public health event mobilized all advanced technologies for possible solutions. Finally, the gaps in developing mucosal vaccines, potential solutions and prospects were discussed. Overall, rational application of mucosal vaccines would facilitate the establishing of mucosal immunity and block the transmission of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mengxiao Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Quanfang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China.
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40
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Weiner JA, Natarajan H, McIntosh CJ, Yang ES, Choe M, Papia CL, Axelrod KS, Kovacikova G, Pegu A, Ackerman ME. Selection of positive controls and their impact on anti-drug antibody assay performance. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113657. [PMID: 38479453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Development of assays to reliably identify and characterize anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) depends on positive control anti-idiotype (anti-id) reagents, which are used to demonstrate that the standards recommended by regulatory authorities are met. This work employs a set of therapeutic antibodies under clinical development and their corresponding anti-ids to investigate how different positive control reagent properties impact ADA assay development. Positive controls exhibited different response profiles and apparent assay analytical sensitivity values depending on assay format. Neither anti-id affinity for drug, nor sensitivity in direct immunoassays related to sensitivity in ADA assays. Anti-ids were differentially able to detect damage to drug conjugates used in bridging assays and were differentially drug tolerant. These parameters also failed to relate to assay sensitivity, further complicating selection of anti-ids for use in ADA assay development based on functional characteristics. Given this variability among anti-ids, alternative controls that could be employed across multiple antibody drugs were investigated as a more uniform means to define ADA detection sensitivity across drug products and assay protocols, which could help better relate assay results to clinical risks of ADA responses. Overall, this study highlights the importance of positive control selection to reliable detection and clinical interpretation of the presence and magnitude of ADA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Calum J McIntosh
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cassidy L Papia
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA.
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41
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Cohen JI. Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e179483. [PMID: 38690731 PMCID: PMC11060731 DOI: 10.1172/jci179483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses establish latent infections, and most reactivate frequently, resulting in symptoms and virus shedding in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised patients, reactivating virus can cause severe disease. Persistent EBV has been associated with several malignancies in both immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised persons. Reactivation and shedding occur with most herpesviruses, despite potent virus-specific antibodies and T cell immunity as measured in the blood. The licensure of therapeutic vaccines to reduce zoster indicates that effective therapeutic vaccines for other herpesviruses should be feasible. However, varicella-zoster virus is different from other human herpesviruses in that it is generally only shed during varicella and zoster. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, in which the correlate of immunity is antibody function, T cell immunity is the correlate of immunity for the only effective therapeutic herpesvirus vaccine-zoster vaccine. While most studies of therapeutic vaccines have measured immunity in the blood, cellular immunity at the site of reactivation is likely critical for an effective therapeutic vaccine for certain viruses. This Review summarizes the status of therapeutic vaccines for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus and proposes approaches for future development.
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Mentzer AJ, Dilthey AT, Pollard M, Gurdasani D, Karakoc E, Carstensen T, Muhwezi A, Cutland C, Diarra A, da Silva Antunes R, Paul S, Smits G, Wareing S, Kim H, Pomilla C, Chong AY, Brandt DYC, Nielsen R, Neaves S, Timpson N, Crinklaw A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Rautanen A, Kizito D, Parks T, Auckland K, Elliott KE, Mills T, Ewer K, Edwards N, Fatumo S, Webb E, Peacock S, Jeffery K, van der Klis FRM, Kaleebu P, Vijayanand P, Peters B, Sette A, Cereb N, Sirima S, Madhi SA, Elliott AM, McVean G, Hill AVS, Sandhu MS. High-resolution African HLA resource uncovers HLA-DRB1 expression effects underlying vaccine response. Nat Med 2024; 30:1384-1394. [PMID: 38740997 PMCID: PMC11108778 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
How human genetic variation contributes to vaccine effectiveness in infants is unclear, and data are limited on these relationships in populations with African ancestries. We undertook genetic analyses of vaccine antibody responses in infants from Uganda (n = 1391), Burkina Faso (n = 353) and South Africa (n = 755), identifying associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and antibody response for five of eight tested antigens spanning pertussis, diphtheria and hepatitis B vaccines. In addition, through HLA typing 1,702 individuals from 11 populations of African ancestry derived predominantly from the 1000 Genomes Project, we constructed an imputation resource, fine-mapping class II HLA-DR and DQ associations explaining up to 10% of antibody response variance in our infant cohorts. We observed differences in the genetic architecture of pertussis antibody response between the cohorts with African ancestries and an independent cohort with European ancestry, but found no in silico evidence of differences in HLA peptide binding affinity or breadth. Using immune cell expression quantitative trait loci datasets derived from African-ancestry samples from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found evidence of differential HLA-DRB1 expression correlating with inferred protection from pertussis following vaccination. This work suggests that HLA-DRB1 expression may play a role in vaccine response and should be considered alongside peptide selection to improve vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Mentzer
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Allan Muhwezi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Clare Cutland
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS) 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sinu Paul
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaby Smits
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Wareing
- Microbiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Amanda Y Chong
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Debora Y C Brandt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, California, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, California, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Neaves
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicolas Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Austin Crinklaw
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna Rautanen
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennison Kizito
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Tom Parks
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kate E Elliott
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tara Mills
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Edwards
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- The Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Emily Webb
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Peacock
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Microbiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Bjorn Peters
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sodiomon Sirima
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS) 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Gil McVean
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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43
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King DF, Groves H, Weller C, Jones I, Cramer JP, Gilbert PB, Goldblatt D, Gruber MF, Kampmann B, Maïga D, Pasetti MF, Plotkin SA, Precioso A, Wassie L, Wittke F, Kaslow DC. Realising the potential of correlates of protection for vaccine development, licensure and use: short summary. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:82. [PMID: 38684704 PMCID: PMC11058756 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Jones
- WHO consultant, Jinja Publishing Ltd, London, UK
| | - Jakob P Cramer
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marion F Gruber
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), 125 Broad Street, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diadié Maïga
- World Health Organization (WHO) - Regional Office for Africa, Cité du Djoué, P.O.Box 06, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander Precioso
- Instituto Butantan1500, Vital Brasil Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503900, Brazil
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - David C Kaslow
- PATH 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
- US FDA, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
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44
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Cheng Y, Shen R, Liu F, Li Y, Wang J, Hou Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Hou F, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao R, Luo S. Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by serogroup W135 meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:2781-2792. [PMID: 38508928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the mechanisms by which W135 meningococcal conjugate (PSW135-TT) activates adaptive immune responses in mice can provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. We compared B-cell and T-cell immune responses immunized with W135 meningococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSW135), tetanus toxoid (TT) and PSW135-TT in mice. The results showed that PSW135-TT could induce higher PSW135-specific and TT-specific IgG antibodies with a significant enhancement after two doses. All serum antibodies immunized with PSW135- TT had strong bactericidal activity, whereas none of the serum antibodies immunized with PSW135 had bactericidal activity. Besides, IgM and IgG antibodies immunized with PSW135-TT after two doses were positively correlated with the titer of bactericidal antibodies. We also found Th cells favored Th2 humoral immune responses in PSW135-TT, PSW135, and TT-immunized mice, especially peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, PSW135-TT and TT could effectively activate bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promote BMDCs to highly express major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHCⅡ), CD86 and CD40 molecules in mice, whereas PSW135 couldn't. These data verified the typical characteristics of PSW135-TT and TT as T cell dependent antigen (TD-Ag) and PSW135 as T cell independent antigen (TI-Ag), which will be very helpful for further exploration of the immune mechanism of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines and improvement of the quality of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Cheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fanglei Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haifei Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fengping Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yunjin Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruijie Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Shuquan Luo
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
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45
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Gaultier GN, McMillan B, Poloni C, Lo M, Cai B, Zheng JJ, Baer HM, Shulha HP, Simmons K, Márquez AC, Bartlett SR, Cook L, Levings MK, Steiner T, Sekirov I, Zlosnik JEA, Morshed M, Skowronski DM, Krajden M, Jassem AN, Sadarangani M. Adaptive immune responses to two-dose COVID-19 vaccine series in healthy Canadian adults ≥ 50 years: a prospective, observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8926. [PMID: 38637558 PMCID: PMC11026432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines in adults aged 50 years and older, spike protein (S)-specific antibody concentration, avidity, and function (via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition surrogate neutralization and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)), as well as S-specific T cells were quantified via activation induced marker (AIM) assay in response to two-dose series. Eighty-four adults were vaccinated with either: mRNA/mRNA (mRNA-1273 and/or BNT162b2); ChAdOx1-S/mRNA; or ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. Anti-S IgG concentrations, ADCP scores and ACE2 inhibiting antibody concentrations were highest at one-month post-second dose and declined by four-months post-second dose for all groups. mRNA/mRNA and ChAdOx1-S/mRNA schedules had significantly higher antibody responses than ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. CD8+ T-cell responses one-month post-second dose were associated with increased ACE2 surrogate neutralization. Antibody avidity (total relative avidity index) did not change between one-month and four-months post-second dose and did not significantly differ between groups by four-months post-second dose. In determining COVID-19 correlates of protection, a measure that considers both antibody concentration and avidity should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle N Gaultier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chad Poloni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandy Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean J Zheng
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sofia R Bartlett
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Cook
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan K Levings
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore Steiner
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Morshed
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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46
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Proctor J, Stadler M, Cortes LM, Brodsky D, Poisson L, Gerdts V, Smirnov AI, Smirnova TI, Barua S, Leahy D, Beagley KW, Harris JM, Darville T, Käser T. A TriAdj-Adjuvanted Chlamydia trachomatis CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:423. [PMID: 38675805 PMCID: PMC11054031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Despite effective antibiotics for Ct, undetected infections or delayed treatment can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pelvic pain. Besides humans, chlamydia poses similar health challenges in animals such as C. suis (Cs) in pigs. Based on the similarities between humans and pigs, as well as their chlamydia species, we use pigs as a large biomedical animal model for chlamydia research. In this study, we used the pig model to develop a vaccine candidate against Ct. The vaccine candidate consists of TriAdj-adjuvanted chlamydial-protease-like activity factor (CPAF) protein. We tested two weekly administration options-twice intranasal (IN) followed by twice intramuscular (IM) and twice IM followed by twice IN. We assessed the humoral immune response in both serum using CPAF-specific IgG (including antibody avidity determination) and also in cervical and rectal swabs using CPAF-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs. The systemic T-cell response was analyzed following in vitro CPAF restimulation via IFN-γ and IL-17 ELISpots, as well as intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that while the IN/IM vaccination mainly led to non-significant systemic immune responses, the vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic if administered IM/IN. This vaccination strategy induced high serum anti-CPAF IgG levels with strong avidity, as well as high IgA and IgG levels in vaginal and rectal swabs and in uterine horn flushes. In addition, this vaccination strategy prompted a pronounced cellular immune response. Besides inducing IL-17 production, the vaccine candidate induced a strong IFN-γ response with CD4 T cells. In IM/IN-vaccinated pigs, these cells also significantly downregulated their CCR7 expression, a sign of differentiation into peripheral-tissue-homing effector/memory cells. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the strong immunogenicity of the IM/IN-administered TriAdj-adjuvanted Ct CPAF vaccine candidate. Future studies will test the vaccine efficacy of this promising Ct vaccine candidate. In addition, this project demonstrates the suitability of the Cs pre-exposed outbred pig model for Ct vaccine development. Thereby, we aim to open the bottleneck of large animal models to facilitate the progression of Ct vaccine candidates into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proctor
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - David Brodsky
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lydia Poisson
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Tatyana I. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Darren Leahy
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Katzelnick L, Odio C, Daag J, Crisostomo MV, Voirin C, Escoto AC, Adams C, Hein LD, Aogo R, Mpingabo P, Rodriguez GR, Firdous S, Fernandez MA, White L, Agrupis KA, Deen J, de Silva A, Ylade M. Dengue virus IgG and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are associated with protection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4145863. [PMID: 38659845 PMCID: PMC11042401 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4145863/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates the limitations of the standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay to predict protection against dengue. We perform studies to compare how a commercial IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using reference standard and clinical mature viruses are associated with dengue disease. Healthy children (n = 1,206) in Cebu, Philippines were followed for 5 years. High ELISA values (≥3) were associated with reduced dengue probability relative to naïve children (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), but antibody binding EDIII or NS1 from each serotype had no association. High standard and mature geometric mean PRNT titers were associated with reduced dengue disease overall (p < 0.01), and high DENV2 and DENV3 titers in both assays provided protection against the matched serotype (p < 0.02). However, while 52% of dengue cases had standard virus PRNT titers > 100, only 2% of cases had mature virus PRNT titers > 100 (p < 0.001), indicating a lower, more consistent threshold for protection. Each assay may be useful for different purposes as correlates of protection in population and vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Camila Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jedas Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Ana Coello Escoto
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Lindsay Dahora Hein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Rosemary Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Patrick Mpingabo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Guillermo Raimundi Rodriguez
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Saba Firdous
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Maria Abad Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Kristal-An Agrupis
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | | | - Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
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48
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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49
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Pschunder B, Locati L, López O, Martin Aispuro P, Zurita E, Stuible M, Durocher Y, Hozbor D. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis are potent adjuvant that drive Th1-biased response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387534. [PMID: 38650936 PMCID: PMC11033331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For several years, we have been committed to exploring the potential of Bordetella pertussis-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVBp) as a promising third-generation vaccine against the reemerging pertussis disease. The results of our preclinical trials not only confirm its protective capacity against B. pertussis infection but also set the stage for forthcoming human clinical trials. This study delves into the examination of OMVBp as an adjuvant. To accomplish this objective, we implemented a two-dose murine schedule to evaluate the specific immune response induced by formulations containing OMVBp combined with 3 heterologous immunogens: Tetanus toxoid (T), Diphtheria toxoid (D), and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S). The specific levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a triggered by the different tested formulations were evaluated using ELISA in dose-response assays for OMVBp and the immunogens at varying levels. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the low concentration employed (1.5 μg of protein per dose). As this effect was notably enhanced at medium (3 μg) and high concentrations (6 μg), we chose the medium concentration to determine the minimum immunogen dose at which the OMV adjuvant properties are significantly evident. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the lowest concentration tested for each immunogen. In the presence of OMVBp, specific IgG levels detected for the lowest amount of antigen tested increased by 2.5 to 10 fold compared to those found in animals immunized with formulations containing adjuvant-free antigens (p<0.0001). When assessing the adjuvant properties of OMVBp compared to the widely recognized adjuvant alum, we detected similar levels of specific IgG against D, T and S for both adjuvants. Experiments with OMVs derived from E. coli (OMVE.coli) reaffirmed that the adjuvant properties of OMVs extend across different bacterial species. Nonetheless, it's crucial to highlight that OMVBp notably skewed the immune response towards a Th1 profile (p<0.05). These collective findings emphasize the dual role of OMVBp as both an adjuvant and modulator of the immune response, positioning it favorably for incorporation into combined vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Pschunder
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucia Locati
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oriana López
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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50
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Gilbert PB, Fong Y, Hejazi NS, Kenny A, Huang Y, Carone M, Benkeser D, Follmann D. Four statistical frameworks for assessing an immune correlate of protection (surrogate endpoint) from a randomized, controlled, vaccine efficacy trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:2181-2190. [PMID: 38458870 PMCID: PMC10999339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A central goal of vaccine research is to characterize and validate immune correlates of protection (CoPs). In addition to helping elucidate immunological mechanisms, a CoP can serve as a valid surrogate endpoint for an infectious disease clinical outcome and thus qualifies as a primary endpoint for vaccine authorization or approval without requiring resource-intensive randomized, controlled phase 3 trials. Yet, it is challenging to persuasively validate a CoP, because a prognostic immune marker can fail as a reliable basis for predicting/inferring the level of vaccine efficacy against a clinical outcome, and because the statistical analysis of phase 3 trials only has limited capacity to disentangle association from cause. Moreover, the multitude of statistical methods garnered for CoP evaluation in phase 3 trials renders the comparison, interpretation, and synthesis of CoP results challenging. Toward promoting broader harmonization and standardization of CoP evaluation, this article summarizes four complementary statistical frameworks for evaluating CoPs in a phase 3 trial, focusing on the frameworks' distinct scientific objectives as measured and communicated by distinct causal vaccine efficacy parameters. Advantages and disadvantages of the frameworks are considered, dependent on phase 3 trial context, and perspectives are offered on how the frameworks can be applied and their results synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nima S Hejazi
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avi Kenny
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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