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Chang YS, Li SY, Pertinez H, Betoudji F, Lee J, Rannard SP, Owen A, Nuermberger EL, Ammerman NC. Using Dynamic Oral Dosing of Rifapentine and Rifabutin to Simulate Exposure Profiles of Long-Acting Formulations in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0048123. [PMID: 37338374 PMCID: PMC10353356 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00481-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) to individuals with latent tuberculosis infection is an important facet of global tuberculosis control. The use of long-acting injectable (LAI) drug formulations may simplify and shorten regimens for this indication. Rifapentine and rifabutin have antituberculosis activity and physiochemical properties suitable for LAI formulation, but there are limited data available for determining the target exposure profiles required for efficacy in TPT regimens. The objective of this study was to determine exposure-activity profiles of rifapentine and rifabutin to inform development of LAI formulations for TPT. We used a validated paucibacillary mouse model of TPT in combination with dynamic oral dosing of both drugs to simulate and understand exposure-activity relationships to inform posology for future LAI formulations. This work identified several LAI-like exposure profiles of rifapentine and rifabutin that, if achieved by LAI formulations, could be efficacious as TPT regimens and thus can serve as experimentally determined targets for novel LAI formulations of these drugs. We present novel methodology to understand the exposure-response relationship and inform the value proposition for investment in development of LAI formulations that have utility beyond latent tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong S. Chang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Pertinez
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Betoudji
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Lee
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven P. Rannard
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole C. Ammerman
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Guerlavais V, Sawyer TK, Carvajal L, Chang YS, Graves B, Ren JG, Sutton D, Olson KA, Packman K, Darlak K, Elkin C, Feyfant E, Kesavan K, Gangurde P, Vassilev LT, Nash HM, Vukovic V, Aivado M, Annis DA. Discovery of Sulanemadlin (ALRN-6924), the First Cell-Permeating, Stabilized α-Helical Peptide in Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37439511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of sulanemadlin (ALRN-6924), the first cell-permeating, stabilized α-helical peptide to enter clinical trials. ALRN-6924 is a "stapled peptide" that mimics the N-terminal domain of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. It binds with high affinity to both MDM2 and MDMX (also known as MDM4), the endogenous inhibitors of p53, to activate p53 signaling in cells having a non-mutant, or wild-type TP53 genotype (TP53-WT). Iterative structure-activity optimization endowed ALRN-6924 with favorable cell permeability, solubility, and pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Intracellular proteolysis of ALRN-6924 forms a long-acting active metabolite with potent MDM2 and MDMX binding affinity and slow dissociation kinetics. At high doses, ALRN-6924 exhibits on-mechanism anticancer activity in TP53-WT tumor models. At lower doses, ALRN-6924 transiently arrests the cell cycle in healthy tissues to protect them from chemotherapy without protecting the TP53-mutant cancer cells. These results support the continued clinical evaluation of ALRN-6924 as an anticancer and chemoprotection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guerlavais
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Tomi K Sawyer
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Luis Carvajal
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yong S Chang
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bradford Graves
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Jian-Guo Ren
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David Sutton
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Karen A Olson
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Krzysztof Darlak
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Carl Elkin
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Eric Feyfant
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kamala Kesavan
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Pranoti Gangurde
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lyubomir T Vassilev
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Huw M Nash
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vojislav Vukovic
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Manuel Aivado
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - D Allen Annis
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 738 Main Street #398, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Chang YS, Li SY, Pertinez H, Betoudji F, Lee J, Rannard SP, Owen A, Nuermberger EL, Ammerman NC. Using dynamic oral dosing of rifapentine and rifabutin to simulate exposure profiles of long-acting formulations in a mouse model of tuberculosis preventive therapy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.12.536604. [PMID: 37090528 PMCID: PMC10120629 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Administration of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) to individuals with latent tuberculosis infection is an important facet of global tuberculosis control. The use of long-acting injectable (LAI) drug formulations may simplify and shorten regimens for this indication. Rifapentine and rifabutin have anti-tuberculosis activity and physiochemical properties suitable for LAI formulation, but there are limited data available for determining the target exposure profiles required for efficacy in TPT regimens. The objective of this study was to determine exposure-activity profiles of rifapentine and rifabutin to inform development of LAI formulations for TPT. We utilized a validated paucibacillary mouse model of TPT in combination with dynamic oral dosing of both drugs to simulate and understand exposure-activity relationships to inform posology for future LAI formulations. This work identified several LAI-like exposure profiles of rifapentine and rifabutin that, if achieved by LAI formulations, could be efficacious as TPT regimens and thus can serve as experimentally-determined targets for novel LAI formulations of these drugs. We present novel methodology to understand the exposure-response relationship and inform the value proposition for investment in development of LAI formulations that has utility beyond latent tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong S. Chang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine-Middletown, Middletown, New York, USA (current address)
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Pertinez
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fabrice Betoudji
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Veterinary Medicine Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA (current address)
| | - Jin Lee
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven P. Rannard
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole C. Ammerman
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Coca KP, Lee EY, Chien LY, Souza ACP, Kittikul P, Hong SA, Chang YS. Postnatal women's breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional comparative study across five countries. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:58. [PMID: 35978362 PMCID: PMC9385077 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women with COVID-19 experienced numerous concerns and doubts about the safety of breastfeeding their babies, and lack of support may have impacted breastfeeding practices. This study aims to compare breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and contact with healthcare professionals regarding the level of postnatal feeding support provided during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. Methods A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted with postnatal women in five countries. Women up to six months postpartum were invited to complete an online survey concerning the transmission of preventative measures, beliefs toward breastfeeding, infant feeding practices in the last 24 hours and experiences of postnatal infant feeding support between July to November 2021. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the association. Results Of the 3,253 eligible responses received, 39.5% of children were aged between one and two months, but in Taiwan (36%) and South Korea (42.8%) they were between three and four months. The mean of the belief score was significantly different among countries (p < 0.0001). Women in Brazil and the UK had a higher rate of breastfeeding at the breast (90.7% and 85.4%, respectively) compared to the three Asian countries (p < 0.0001) while feeding with expressed breastmilk in Thailand (59.9%), Taiwan (52.6%), and South Korea (50.4%) was higher than the others (p < 0.0001). Brazil and UK mothers (mean = 16.0 and 14.5 respectively) had a higher mean score for belief toward breastfeeding during the COVID-19 than the others. These results are inversely associated with breastfeeding but positively related to formula feeding practice. Postnatal feeding support during the COVID-19 pandemic was mainly provided by healthcare professionals (67.1%) and peers / family through face-to-face personal contact (51.6%) in all countries. Conclusion Some differences were found in breastfeeding beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asian countries. A positive breastfeeding belief was associated with the practice of breastfeeding at the breast. Women from all countries received postpartum infant feeding support from health professionals and peers / family through personal contacts. Governments need to emphasize and disseminate the importance of breastfeeding safety, especially in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Y Lee
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kkottongnae University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - L Y Chien
- Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yang-Ming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A C P Souza
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Kittikul
- Breastfeeding Clinic Nakhon Pathom Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - S A Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. .,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y S Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
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Bigelow KM, Tasneen R, Chang YS, Dooley KE, Nuermberger EL. Preserved Efficacy and Reduced Toxicity with Intermittent Linezolid Dosing in Combination with Bedaquiline and Pretomanid in a Murine Tuberculosis Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01178-20. [PMID: 32690647 PMCID: PMC7508620 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01178-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) is highly effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis, but linezolid toxicities are frequent. We hypothesized that, for a similar total weekly cumulative dose, thrice-weekly administration of linezolid would preserve efficacy while reducing toxicity compared with daily dosing, in the context of the BPaL regimen. Using C3HeB/FeJ and BALB/c mouse models of tuberculosis disease, thrice-weekly linezolid dosing was compared with daily dosing, with intermittent dosing introduced (i) from treatment initiation or (ii) after an initial period of daily dosing. In all animals, BPa was dosed daily throughout treatment. Blood counts were used to assess hematologic toxicity. After unexpected findings of apparent antagonism, we conducted additional experiments to investigate strain-to-strain differences in the contribution of linezolid to regimen efficacy by comparing each 1- and 2-drug component to the BPaL regimen in BALB/c mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv or HN878. Giving linezolid daily for 1 to 2 months achieved the greatest efficacy but, after that, results were similar if the drug was stopped, dosed thrice-weekly, or continued daily. Erythrocyte counts were lower with daily than thrice-weekly dosing. Linezolid had additive effects with BPa against M. tuberculosis H37Rv but antagonistic effects with BPa against M. tuberculosis HN878. However, the overall efficacy of BPaL was high and similar against both strains. Dosing linezolid daily for the first 2 months and then less frequently thereafter may optimize its therapeutic margin. Linezolid's contribution to BPaL regimens may depend on the M. tuberculosis strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Bigelow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rokeya Tasneen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong S Chang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chang YS, Park SM, Rah YC, Han EJ, Koun SI, Chang J, Choi J. In vivo assessment of the toxicity of electronic cigarettes to zebrafish ( Danio rerio) embryos, following gestational exposure, in terms of mortality, developmental toxicity, and hair cell damage: Toxicity of E-cigs to zebrafish embryos. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:148-157. [PMID: 32772711 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120947785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ban of conventional cigarettes from public spaces, electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquids have emerged as a nicotine replacement treatment for smoking cessation. However, consumers possess little knowledge of the ingredients and health effects of E-cig liquids following exposure. This study evaluated hair cell damage and developmental toxicities following gestational exposure to E-cig liquids. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E-cig liquids at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Embryonic developmental toxicity and hair cell damage was evaluated at 6 and 7 d, respectively, after fertilization. The average number of hair cells in the anterior lateral line (ALL) and posterior lateral line (PLL) following E-cig exposure was compared to that of the control. Morphological abnormalities and heart rate were evaluated. E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the ALL, compared to the control (control; 52.85 ± 5.29 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 49.43 ± 7.70 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 40.68 ± 12.00 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 32.14 ± 20.75%; n = 29-40; p < 0.01). At high concentrations, E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the PLL (control; 36.88 ± 5.43 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 33.06 ± 5.21 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 30.95 ± 8.03 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 23.72 ± 15.53%, n = 29-40; p < 0.01). No morphological abnormalities in body shape, somites, notochord, tail, and pectoral fin were observed; however, abnormalities were observed in the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations. Thus, gestational exposure to E-cigs significantly damaged hair cells in a concentration-dependent manner and induced developmental toxicities to the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y C Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, 34973Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Koun
- Biomedical Research Center, 34973Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,34973Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 65357Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,34973Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Yang WF, Qin N, Song X, Jiang C, Li T, Ji P, Li Y, Ding D, Wang C, Dai J, Jin G, Chen TW, Chang YS, Ouyang DQ, Liao GQ, Hu Z, Chang KP, Su YX, Ma H. Genomic Signature of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Areca Nut-Related Oral Cancer. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1252-1261. [PMID: 32527169 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520930641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) chewing contributes to an increase of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases in South and Southeast Asia; however, genomic events underlying the carcinogenesis process of AN-related OSCC remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively describe the genomic and transcriptome alterations of 113 Chinese OSCC patients (89 AN related and 24 AN negative) by whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing, and we compared the genomic differences between AN-related and AN-negative samples by integrating sequencing data of 325 OSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 50 from a published Taiwanese study. We identified 11 significantly mutated genes for OSCC, including 4 novel ones (ATG2A, WEE1, DST, and TSC2), of which WEE1 and ATG2A mutated with significantly higher rates in AN-related samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mutational signature analysis revealed that AN-related OSCCs were specially characterized by the genomic signature of mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), which could also predict the prognosis status of AN-related OSCC. In addition, an elevated PD-L1 expression was also observed in both AN-related patients (P = 3.71 × 10-11) and those with a high dMMR level (P = 1.99 × 10-4). Further differential expression analysis and in vitro experiments confirmed the role of dMMR in the development of OSCC induced by AN exposure. Taken together, this study first revealed the molecular profiles and highlighted the role of dMMR in AN-related OSCC among the Chinese population and identified that AN-related OSCC may represent a potential cohort for effective anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Yang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - N Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - X Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - C Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Mainland China
| | - T Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Mainland China
| | - P Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - D Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - J Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - G Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - T W Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - D Q Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Mainland China
| | - G Q Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Mainland China
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
| | - K P Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y X Su
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Mainland China
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8
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Ma ML, Ping F, Chang YS, Li YX. [A three-year follow-up observation of a pedigree of maturity onset diabetes of the young caused by a novel mutation of glucokinase and literature review]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:366-371. [PMID: 32370465 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20191118-00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and follow-up outcomes of a pedigree of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) induced by a novel mutation of glucokinase (GCK). Methods: The clinical features and laboratory data of a pedigree diagnosed with GCK-MODY in Peking Union Medical College Hospital was analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the gene mutation of the family members. The proband and her father were followed up for 3 years. Wanfang and PubMed were used to search literatures on follow-up studies for treatment of GCK-MOYD. Results: Both the proband and her father were found to have a novel mutation on the GCK gene located in exo10 c.1348G.T (p. Ala450Thr). The proband was treated with diet and exercise control only. At the end of the follow-up, her fasting plasma glucose (FPG, 6.8 mmol/L), 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG, 7.4 mmol/L), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, 6.3%) were all within the control targets. Additionally, the levels homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) tended to improved comparing to that at baseline (4.09 to 2.32), and glucose disposition index (DI) was improved compared with baseline (16.22 to 20.05). As to the proband's father, the treatment with insulin plus acarbose was converted to sulfonylureas monotherapy. His FPG and 2hPG mostly were within the target range, and the levels of HbA1c were significantly reduced by 0.5%-0.7% when compared to that at baseline. The HOMA-IR or islet beta cell function was comparable to those at baseline. Conclusions: Screening patients whose clinical performance meets GCK-MODY and their family members with proper genetic testing is of great importance to reduce misdiagnosis of GCK-MODY, so as to obtain a better glucose control without unnecessary over-treatment and protect islet beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - F Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y S Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Y X Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, China
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9
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Tucker EW, Guglieri-Lopez B, Ordonez AA, Ritchie B, Klunk MH, Sharma R, Chang YS, Sanchez-Bautista J, Frey S, Lodge MA, Rowe SP, Holt DP, Gobburu JVS, Peloquin CA, Mathews WB, Dannals RF, Pardo CA, Kannan S, Ivaturi VD, Jain SK. Noninvasive 11C-rifampin positron emission tomography reveals drug biodistribution in tuberculous meningitis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/470/eaau0965. [PMID: 30518610 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a devastating form of tuberculosis (TB), and key TB antimicrobials, including rifampin, have restricted brain penetration. A lack of reliable data on intralesional drug biodistribution in infected tissues has limited pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling efforts to optimize TBM treatments. Current methods to measure intralesional drug distribution rely on tissue resection, which is difficult in humans and generally limited to a single time point even in animals. In this study, we developed a multidrug treatment model in rabbits with experimentally induced TBM and performed serial noninvasive dynamic 11C-rifampin positron emission tomography (PET) over 6 weeks. Area under the curve brain/plasma ratios were calculated using PET and correlated with postmortem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that rifampin penetration into infected brain lesions is limited, spatially heterogeneous, and decreases rapidly as early as 2 weeks into treatment. Moreover, rifampin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid did not correlate well with those in the brain lesions. First-in-human 11C-rifampin PET performed in a patient with TBM confirmed these findings. PK modeling predicted that rifampin doses (≥30 mg/kg) were required to achieve adequate intralesional concentrations in young children with TBM. These data demonstrate the proof of concept of PET as a clinically translatable tool to noninvasively measure intralesional antimicrobial distribution in infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Tucker
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Beatriz Guglieri-Lopez
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Brittaney Ritchie
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mariah H Klunk
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Richa Sharma
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yong S Chang
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Julian Sanchez-Bautista
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Frey
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Martin A Lodge
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel P Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jogarao V S Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Charles A Peloquin
- Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William B Mathews
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Vijay D Ivaturi
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. .,Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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10
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Liao CC, Chou PL, Cheng CW, Chang YS, Chi WM, Tsai KL, Chen WJ, Kung TS, Tai CC, Lee KW, Chen YC, Lin CY. Corrigendum to "Comparative analysis of novel autoantibody isotypes against citrullinatedinter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3) 542-556 peptide in serum from Taiwanese females with rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and secondary Sjögren's syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis" [J Proteomics 141: (2016) 1-11]. J Proteomics 2019; 194:227. [PMID: 30553786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - P L Chou
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - C W Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - W M Chi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - K L Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - W J Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 26047, Taiwan
| | - T S Kung
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - C C Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - K W Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chen
- PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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11
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Huang YF, Chang YS, Chen WS, Tsao YP, Wang WH, Liao HT, Tsai CY, Lai CC. Incidence and risk factors of osteomyelitis in adult and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lupus 2018; 28:19-26. [PMID: 30458691 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318811601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to investigate the incidence rate, risk factors and outcome of osteomyelitis among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cohort study using data for patients enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2012. Patients with SLE and age- and sex-matched controls without SLE were enrolled. Primary endpoint was the first occurrence of osteomyelitis. Risks of osteomyelitis in SLE patients were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards regression models, including age, sex, comorbidities and medications. RESULTS Among 24,705 SLE patients (88.4% women, mean age 35.8 years) with a median follow-up of 9.1 years, 386 patients had osteomyelitis. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of osteomyelitis in the SLE group vs the control group was 8.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.24-10.05). The SLE group had higher incidence rates of osteomyelitis than the control group, especially in pediatric subgroups (IRR 41.1 95% CI 18.57-107.35). Compared to controls, SLE patients experienced osteomyelitis at a younger age (42.3 vs 58.1 years) but did not have an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.21-2.38). Age >60 years, male gender, malignancy within five years, prior bone fracture and higher daily prednisolone dose (>7.5 mg) cumulatively for >180 days increased risk for osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS SLE patients have a higher IRR of osteomyelitis than controls. Pediatric and elder SLE patients, patients with a history of bone fracture, malignancy within five years and higher-dose glucocorticoid use have a higher risk of osteomyelitis and should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Huang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan.,2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chang
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,4 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W S Chen
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y P Tsao
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W H Wang
- 6 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,7 Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H T Liao
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Tsai
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Lai
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,8 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Ordonez AA, Pokkali S, Kim S, Carr B, Klunk MH, Tong L, Saini V, Chang YS, McKevitt M, Smith V, Gossage DL, Jain SK. Adjunct antibody administration with standard treatment reduces relapse rates in a murine tuberculosis model of necrotic granulomas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197474. [PMID: 29758082 PMCID: PMC5951562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is a zinc-dependent protease associated with early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, macrophage recruitment and granuloma formation. We evaluated whether adjunctive inhibition of MMP-9 could improve the response to standard TB treatment in a mouse model that develops necrotic lesions. Six weeks after an aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis, C3HeB/FeJ mice received standard TB treatment (12 weeks) comprising rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide alone or in combination with either anti-MMP-9 antibody, etanercept (positive control) or isotype antibody (negative control) for 6 weeks. Anti-MMP-9 and the isotype control had comparable high serum exposures and expected terminal half-life. The relapse rate in mice receiving standard TB treatment was 46.6%. Compared to the standard TB treatment, relapse rates in animals that received adjunctive treatments with anti-MMP-9 antibody or etanercept were significantly decreased to 25.9% (P = 0.006) and 29.8% (P = 0.019) respectively, but were not different from the arm that received the isotype control antibody (25.9%). Immunostaining demonstrated localization of MMP-9 primarily in macrophages in both murine and human lung tissues infected with M. tuberculosis, suggesting the importance of MMP-9 in TB pathogenesis. These data suggest that the relapse rates in M. tuberculosis-infected mice may be non-specifically improved by administration of antibodies in conjunction with standard TB treatments. Future studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism(s) leading to improved outcomes with adjunctive antibody treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A. Ordonez
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sunhwa Kim
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Carr
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Mariah H. Klunk
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leah Tong
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Vikram Saini
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yong S. Chang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew McKevitt
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Smith
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - David L. Gossage
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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13
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Chang YS, Chang CC, Chen YH, Chen WS, Chen JH. Risk of infective endocarditis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Lupus 2017; 26:1149-1156. [PMID: 28420053 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317694260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are considered vulnerable to infective endocarditis and prophylactic antibiotics are recommended before an invasive dental procedure. However, the evidence is insufficient. This nationwide population-based study evaluated the risk and related factors of infective endocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods We identified 12,102 systemic lupus erythematosus patients from the National Health Insurance research-oriented database, and compared the incidence rate of infective endocarditis with that among 48,408 non-systemic lupus erythematosus controls. A Cox multivariable proportional hazards model was employed to evaluate the risk of infective endocarditis in the systemic lupus erythematosus cohort. Results After a mean follow-up of more than six years, the systemic lupus erythematosus cohort had a significantly higher incidence rate of infective endocarditis (42.58 vs 4.32 per 100,000 person-years, incidence rate ratio = 9.86, p < 0.001) than that of the control cohort. By contrast, the older systemic lupus erythematosus cohort had lower risk (adjusted hazard ratio 11.64) than that of the younger-than-60-years systemic lupus erythematosus cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 15.82). Cox multivariate proportional hazards analysis revealed heart disease (hazard ratio = 5.71, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio = 2.98, p = 0.034), receiving a dental procedure within 30 days (hazard ratio = 36.80, p < 0.001), and intravenous steroid therapy within 30 days (hazard ratio = 39.59, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for infective endocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Conclusions A higher risk of infective endocarditis was observed in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Risk factors for infective endocarditis in the systemic lupus erythematosus cohort included heart disease, chronic kidney disease, steroid pulse therapy within 30 days, and a recent invasive dental procedure within 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - C C Chang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y H Chen
- 4 Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - W S Chen
- 5 Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - J H Chen
- 6 Biostatistics Center and Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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14
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Zhang Z, Ordonez AA, Smith-Jones P, Wang H, Gogarty KR, Daryaee F, Bambarger LE, Chang YS, Jain SK, Tonge PJ. The biodistribution of 5-[18F]fluoropyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice determined by positron emission tomography. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170871. [PMID: 28151985 PMCID: PMC5289470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
5-[18F]F-pyrazinamide (5-[18F]F-PZA), a radiotracer analog of the first-line tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA), was employed to determine the biodistribution of PZA using PET imaging and ex vivo analysis. 5-[18F]F-PZA was synthesized in 60 min using a halide exchange reaction. The overall decay-corrected yield of the reaction was 25% and average specific activity was 2.6 × 106 kBq (70 mCi)/μmol. The biodistribution of 5-[18F]F-PZA was examined in a pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis mouse model, where rapid distribution of the tracer to the lung, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain was observed. The concentration of 5-[18F]F-PZA was not significantly different between infected and uninfected lung tissue. Biochemical and microbiological studies revealed substantial differences between 5-F-PZA and PZA. 5-F-PZA was not a substrate for pyrazinamidase, the bacterial enzyme that activates PZA, and the minimum inhibitory concentration for 5-F-PZA against M. tuberculosis was more than 100-fold higher than that for PZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Alvaro A. Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Smith-Jones
- The Facility for Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Kayla R. Gogarty
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Fereidoon Daryaee
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Bambarger
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yong S. Chang
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Center for Tuberculosis Research and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKJ); (PJT)
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKJ); (PJT)
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15
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Palacios EM, Martin AJ, Boss MA, Ezekiel F, Chang YS, Yuh EL, Vassar MJ, Schnyer DM, MacDonald CL, Crawford KL, Irimia A, Toga AW, Mukherjee P. Toward Precision and Reproducibility of Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Multicenter Diffusion Phantom and Traveling Volunteer Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:537-545. [PMID: 28007768 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Precision medicine is an approach to disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention that relies on quantitative biomarkers that minimize the variability of individual patient measurements. The aim of this study was to assess the intersite variability after harmonization of a high-angular-resolution 3T diffusion tensor imaging protocol across 13 scanners at the 11 academic medical centers participating in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury multisite study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion MR imaging was acquired from a novel isotropic diffusion phantom developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and from the brain of a traveling volunteer on thirteen 3T MR imaging scanners representing 3 major vendors (GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, and Siemens). Means of the DTI parameters and their coefficients of variation across scanners were calculated for each DTI metric and white matter tract. RESULTS For the National Institute of Standards and Technology diffusion phantom, the coefficients of variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient across the 13 scanners was <3.8% for a range of diffusivities from 0.4 to 1.1 × 10-6 mm2/s. For the volunteer, the coefficients of variations across scanners of the 4 primary DTI metrics, each averaged over the entire white matter skeleton, were all <5%. In individual white matter tracts, large central pathways showed good reproducibility with the coefficients of variation consistently below 5%. However, smaller tracts showed more variability, with the coefficients of variation of some DTI metrics reaching 10%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the feasibility of standardizing DTI across 3T scanners from different MR imaging vendors in a large-scale neuroimaging research study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Palacios
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.)
| | - A J Martin
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.)
| | - M A Boss
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (M.A.B.), Boulder, Colorado
| | - F Ezekiel
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.)
| | - Y S Chang
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.)
| | - E L Yuh
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.).,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center (E.L.Y., M.J.V., P.M.), San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - M J Vassar
- Neurological Surgery and Brain and Spinal Injury Center (M.J.V.).,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center (E.L.Y., M.J.V., P.M.), San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - D M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology (D.M.S.), University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - C L MacDonald
- Department of Neurological Surgery (C.L.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - K L Crawford
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (K.L.C., A.I., A.W.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Irimia
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (K.L.C., A.I., A.W.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - A W Toga
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (K.L.C., A.I., A.W.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - P Mukherjee
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.M.P., A.J.M., F.E., Y.S.C., E.L.Y., P.M.) .,Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (P.M.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center (E.L.Y., M.J.V., P.M.), San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
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16
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Ordonez AA, Weinstein EA, Bambarger LE, Saini V, Chang YS, DeMarco VP, Klunk MH, Urbanowski ME, Moulton KL, Murawski AM, Pokkali S, Kalinda AS, Jain SK. A Systematic Approach for Developing Bacteria-Specific Imaging Tracers. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:144-150. [PMID: 27635025 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.181792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern patient is increasingly susceptible to bacterial infections including those due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Noninvasive whole-body analysis with pathogen-specific imaging technologies can significantly improve patient outcomes by rapidly identifying a source of infection and monitoring the response to treatment, but no such technology exists clinically. METHODS We systematically screened 961 random radiolabeled molecules in silico as substrates for essential metabolic pathways in bacteria, followed by in vitro uptake in representative bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mycobacteria. Fluorine-labeled analogs, that could be developed as PET-based imaging tracers, were evaluated in a murine myositis model. RESULTS We identified 3 novel, nontoxic molecules demonstrating selective bacterial uptake: para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), with uptake in all representative bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis; mannitol, with selective uptake in S. aureus and E. coli; and sorbitol, accumulating only in E. coli None accumulated in mammalian cells or heat-killed bacteria, suggesting metabolism-derived specificity. In addition to an extended bacterial panel of laboratory strains, all 3 molecules rapidly accumulated in respective clinical isolates of interest including MDROs such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. In a murine myositis model, fluorine-labeled analogs of all 3 molecules could rapidly detect and differentiate infection sites from sterile inflammation in mice (P = 0.03). Finally, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-sorbitol (18F-FDS) can be easily synthesized from 18F-FDG. PET, with 18F-FDS synthesized using current good manufacturing practice, could rapidly differentiate true infection from sterile inflammation to selectively localize E. coli infection in mice. CONCLUSION We have developed a systematic approach that exploits unique biochemical pathways in bacteria to develop novel pathogen-specific imaging tracers. These tracers have significant potential for clinical translation to specifically detect and localize a broad range of bacteria, including MDROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward A Weinstein
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Lauren E Bambarger
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vikram Saini
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yong S Chang
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent P DeMarco
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariah H Klunk
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael E Urbanowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly L Moulton
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison M Murawski
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alvin S Kalinda
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Zhong H, Davis A, Ouzounova M, Carrasco RA, Chen C, Breen S, Chang YS, Huang J, Liu Z, Yao Y, Hurt E, Moisan J, Fung M, Tice DA, Clouthier SG, Xiao Z, Wicha MS, Korkaya H, Hollingsworth RE. A Novel IL6 Antibody Sensitizes Multiple Tumor Types to Chemotherapy Including Trastuzumab-Resistant Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:480-90. [PMID: 26744529 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 are associated with poor survival outcomes in many cancers. Antibodies targeting IL6 and its receptor have been developed for chronic inflammatory disease, but they have not yet been shown to clearly benefit cancer patients, possibly due to antibody potency or the settings in which they have been tested. In this study, we describe the development of a novel high-affinity anti-IL6 antibody, MEDI5117, which features an extended half-life and potent inhibitory effects on IL6 biologic activity. MEDI5117 inhibited IL6-mediated activation of STAT3, suppressing the growth of several tumor types driven by IL6 autocrine signaling. In the same models, MEDI5117 displayed superior preclinical activity relative to a previously developed anti-IL6 antibody. Consistent with roles for IL6 in promoting tumor angiogenesis, we found that MEDI5117 inhibited the growth of endothelial cells, which can produce IL6 and support tumorigenesis. Notably, in tumor xenograft assays in mice, we documented the ability of MEDI5117 to enhance the antitumor activities of chemotherapy or gefitinib in combination treatment regimens. MEDI5117 also displayed robust activity on its own against trastuzumab-resistant HER2(+) tumor cells by targeting the CD44(+)CD24(-) cancer stem cell population. Collectively, our findings extend the evidence of important pleiotropic roles of IL6 in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of IL6 antibodies in combination regimens to heighten therapeutic responses and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhong
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - April Davis
- Translational Science, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | - Cui Chen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Shannon Breen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Yong S Chang
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yihong Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Elaine Hurt
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Fung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David A Tice
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Zhan Xiao
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Max S Wicha
- Translational Science, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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18
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Wan KS, Wu WF, Chen TC, Wu CS, Hung CW, Chang YS. Comparison of amoxicillin + clavulanate with or without intranasal fluticasone for the treatment of uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis in children. Minerva Pediatr 2015; 67:489-494. [PMID: 26530491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) have been proven effective in controlling postnasal drip, decreasing inflammatory response, reducing nasal swelling, and increasing aeration of the sinuses such that INS are recommended as treatment of sinusitis. METHODS Fifty children with acute rhinosinusitis, 50 children with acute rhiniosinusitis and allergic rhinitis (AR), and 20 rhiniosinusitis children as control were selected for investigation. Each group had a single-blind treatment of three types: with coamoxiclav only, with coamoxiclav plus INS, and with matched placebo (without antibiotics and INS) for two weeks. Nasal symptoms were then evaluated. The outcome was measured by using major symptom score (MSS) after treatment for 14 days. RESULTS Therapeutic effectiveness was 92% in rhinosinusitis patients treated with co-amoxiclav and 84% in those treated with co-amoxiclav plus INS. Among patients with sinusitis combined with AR, therapeutic efficacy was 88% for those treated with co-amoxiclav and 96% for those treated with co-amoxiclav plus INS. Only 30% of the symptoms were reduced in the placebo group. CONCLUSION There are no statistical differences in the acute sinusitis group treated with co-amoxiclav with or without INS. In the sinusitis with AR group, the efficacy of co-amoxiclav with INS is higher than in children treated with co-amoxiclav alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taiwan -
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19
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Lai CH, Huang YM, Wang CH, Huang JS, Tsai CS, Yeh KY, Lan YJ, Wu TH, Chang PH, Chang YS. Treatment-associated severe thrombocytopenia affects survival rate in esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Indian J Cancer 2015; 52:454-60. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.176708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Kim MY, Lim JH, Youn HH, Hong YA, Yang KS, Park HS, Chung S, Ko SH, Shin SJ, Choi BS, Kim HW, Kim YS, Lee JH, Chang YS, Park CW. Resveratrol prevents renal lipotoxicity and inhibits mesangial cell glucotoxicity in a manner dependent on the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC1α axis in db/db mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:204-17. [PMID: 23090186 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Many of the effects of resveratrol are consistent with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), which play key roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis, and in the control of oxidative stress. We investigated whether resveratrol has protective effects on the kidney in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Four groups of male C57BLKS/J db/m and db/db mice were used in this study. Resveratrol was administered via gavage to diabetic and non-diabetic mice, starting at 8 weeks of age, for 12 weeks. RESULTS The db/db mice treated with resveratrol had decreased albuminuria. Resveratrol ameliorated glomerular matrix expansion and inflammation. Resveratrol also lowered the NEFA and triacylglycerol content of the kidney, and this action was related to increases in the phosphorylation of AMPK and the activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α signalling and of the key downstream effectors, the PPARα-oestrogen-related receptor (ERR)-1α-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Furthermore, resveratrol decreased the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt phosphorylation and class O forkhead box (FOXO)3a phosphorylation, which resulted in a decrease in B cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-associated X protein (BAX) and increases in BCL-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and SOD2 production. Consequently, resveratrol reversed the increase in renal apoptotic cells and oxidative stress, as reflected by renal 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), urinary 8-OH-dG and isoprostane concentrations. Resveratrol prevented high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured mesangial cells through the phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α signalling and the downstream effectors, PPARα-ERR-1α-SREBP1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results suggest that resveratrol prevents diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by the phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α signalling, which appear to prevent lipotoxicity-related apoptosis and oxidative stress in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #505, Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea
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21
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Chang YS, Lai CC, Chen WS, Wang SH, Chou CT, Tsai CY. Protein-losing enteropathy and premature ovarian failure in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2012; 21:1237-9. [PMID: 22627066 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312449492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and autoimmune oophoritis are unusual manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmune oophoritis may result in menstrual disturbance and spontaneous premature ovarian failure. However, there is no validated examination to confirm the diagnosis and it is easily neglected in patients with ovarian insufficiency. A 31-year-old woman with SLE presented with PLE and autoimmune oophoritis during the long course of flares and remissions in her lupus activity. The synchronism implied the association between the two. Moreover, both conditions simultaneously had a good response to cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology and, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chen YK, Chang YS, Lin YW, Wu MY. First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Desert Rose in Taiwan. Plant Dis 2012; 96:593. [PMID: 30727436 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-11-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Desert rose (Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult, family Apocynaceae) is native to southeastern Africa, and is a perennial potted ornamental with colorful flowers that are popular in Taiwan. Symptoms of mosaic and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns on leaves were observed in July 2010, on all eight plants in a private garden in Potzu, Chiayi, Taiwan. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of approximately 28 nm were observed in crude sap prepared from symptomatic leaves. Virus culture was established by successive local lesion isolation in Chenopodium quinoa and was maintained in the systemic host Nicotiana tabacum van Hicks. The virus was mechanically transmissible to indicator plants and induced symptoms similar to those incited by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Observed symptoms included local lesions on inoculated leaves of C. amaranticolor and systemic mosaic in Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. rustica. On N. tabacum, necrotic ringspots developed on inoculated leaves followed by systemic mosaic. Serological tests using ELISA assays and western blotting indicated that the virus reacted positively to a rabbit antiserum prepared to CMV (4). Amplicons of an expected size (1.1 kb) were obtained in reverse transcription-PCR with primers specific to the 3'-half of CMV RNA 3 (3) using total RNA extracted from infected desert rose and N. tabacum. The amplified cDNA fragment was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AB667971). Nucleotide sequences of the coat protein open reading frame (CP ORF) (657 nt) had 92 to 96% and 76 to 77% sequence identity to those of CMV in subgroups I (GenBank Accession Nos. NC_001440, D00385, M57602, D28780, and AB008777) and II (GenBank Accession Nos. L15336, AF127976, AF198103, and M21464), respectively. Desert roses infected by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (1) and CMV (2) have been reported previously. In spite of the plants showing mosaic symptoms similar to that caused by CMV (2) and chlorotic ringspots and line patterns caused by TSWV (1), only CMV was detected in and isolated from these infected desert roses. However, the possibility of mixed infection of CMV and other viruses were not excluded in this research. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in desert rose plants occurring in Taiwan. References: (1) S. Adkins and C. A. Baker. Plant Dis. 89:526, 2005. (2) C. A. Baker et al. Plant Dis. 87:1007, 2003. (3) Y. K. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:1631, 2001. (4) Y. K. Chen and C. C. Yang. Plant Dis. 89:529, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Y W Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - M Y Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are polypeptide hormones with potent anabolic and mitogenic effects that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Dysregulation of the IGF axis has been well documented in the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. As a result, compounds targeting the IGF axis have become an area of intense preclinical and clinical research for cancer therapeutics. The IGF axis is intimately involved with the insulin-signaling pathway because of their close homologies. This homology may explain hurdles encountered in the clinical development of IGF-targeted therapies, such as less-than-expected antitumor efficacy that may arise from compensatory increases in the activity of insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), in response to IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibition and perturbations in glucose homeostasis, arising from the inhibition of insulin receptor isoform B (IR-B) activity. In this brief review, we compare differentiating factors that characterize the 3 major classes of IGF-targeting compounds: therapeutic antibodies that target IGF-IR, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit kinase activities of IGF-IR and IR, and antibodies that target IGF ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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24
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Petrul HM, Schatz CA, Kopitz CC, Adnane L, McCabe TJ, Trail P, Ha S, Chang YS, Voznesensky A, Ranges G, Tamburini PP. Therapeutic Mechanism and Efficacy of the Antibody–Drug Conjugate BAY 79-4620 Targeting Human Carbonic Anhydrase 9. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:340-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gao J, Chesebrough JW, Incognito L, Coats S, Bosslet K, Jallal B, Chang YS. Abstract 1757: MEDI-573, an IGF-I/II neutralizing human antibody inhibits both IGF-1R and IR-A signaling pathways. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), IGF-I and IGF-II, are small polypeptides involved in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and transformation. IGF activities are mediated through binding and activation of IGF-1R or insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A). Overexpression of IGF-II and IR-A has been reported in multiple types of cancer, and has also been proposed as a potential mechanism for cancer cells to develop resistance to IGF-1R targeting therapy. MEDI-573 is a dual targeting human antibody that neutralizes both IGF-I and IGF-II. We have shown previously that this antibody inhibits IGF-1R activation by IGF and demonstrated potent in vivo tumor growth inhibition activity in IGF driven xenograft models. Here we show that MEDI-573 inhibits IGF-II activated IR-A signal pathways without cross reactivity to insulin, and therefore has minimum impact on glucose metabolism, which is mediated mainly by insulin/IR interaction. MEDI-573 blocks the binding of IGF-II to, and inhibits the subsequent phosphorylation of IR-A and IRS-1. MEDI-573 inhibited IGF-II-induced in vitro growth of IR-A overexpressing cells with or without the presence of up to 10uIU of insulin in the medium. In addition, MEDI-573 inhibited IGF-II-induced proliferation of IR-A-overexpressing cells as effectively as it inhibited the IGF-1R-overexpressing cells. The anti-proliferative activity of MEDI-573 is not changed across heterogeneous mixed cell populations with various ratios of IR-A- versus IGF-1R-expressing cells. In contrast, an IGF-1R specific antibody was most active at inhibiting the proliferation of a pure IGF-1R expressing homogenous population, but lost activity when the heterogeneous cell population contained increasing percentages (25-50%) of IR-A-expressing cells. We also examined the relative abundance of IR-A versus IR-B (insulin receptor isoform B) mRNA in multiple cancer cell lines using a previously published quantitative RT-PCR method. The results show that IR-A is frequently the dominant isoform overexpressed in these cancer cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that by neutralizing IGF-I and IGF-II ligands, MEDI-573 is a dual targeting antibody that offers an effective approach to selectively target both the IGF-1R and IR-A signaling pathways and potentially overcome IGF-1R targeting resistance.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1757. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1757
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- 1MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD
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26
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Park CW, Lim JH, Youn DY, Chung S, Lim MH, Kim YK, Chang YS, Lee JH. Renal dysfunction and barttin expression in Bartter syndrome Type IV associated with a G47R mutation in BSND in a family. Clin Nephrol 2011; 75 Suppl 1:69-74. [PMID: 21269598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartter syndrome (BS) Type IV, associated with a G47R mutation in the BSND gene, is known to result in a mild renal phenotype. However, we report here on three brothers with varying degrees of renal dysfunction from mild to end-stage renal disease associated with renal barttin and ClC-K expression. The brothers had histories of polyhydramnios, prematurity, polyuria, deafness, and small body size. Laboratory findings showed hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, normotensive hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, and an increased urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, consistent with BS Type IV. Microscopic examination of renal tissue showed hyperplasia of cells at the juxtaglomerular apparatus with dilated atrophic tubules and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. A weak barttin signal related to CIC-K expression in the cytoplasm of tubule cells, but not the basement membrane, was noted. A sequence analysis of the BSND gene showed that the affected males were homozygous for a missense G47R mutation in exon 1 of BSND. These findings suggest that the G47R mutation results in a dramatic decrease in barttin expression, which appears to be related to the location of CIC-K being changed from the basement membrane to the cytoplasm in the tubule and might have varying effects on renal function associated with factors other than this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Gao J, Chesebrough JW, Cartlidge SA, Ricketts SA, Incognito L, Veldman-Jones M, Blakey DC, Tabrizi M, Jallal B, Trail PA, Coats S, Bosslet K, Chang YS. Dual IGF-I/II-neutralizing antibody MEDI-573 potently inhibits IGF signaling and tumor growth. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1029-40. [PMID: 21245093 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), IGF-I and IGF-II, are small polypeptides involved in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and transformation. IGF activities are mediated through binding and activation of IGF-1R or insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A). The role of the IGF-1R pathway in promoting tumor growth and survival is well documented. Overexpression of IGF-II and IR-A is reported in multiple types of cancer and is proposed as a potential mechanism for cancer cells to develop resistance to IGF-1R-targeting therapy. MEDI-573 is a fully human antibody that neutralizes both IGF-I and IGF-II and inhibits IGF signaling through both the IGF-1R and IR-A pathways. Here, we show that MEDI-573 blocks the binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF-1R or IR-A, leading to the inhibition of IGF-induced signaling pathways and cell proliferation. MEDI-573 significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of IGF-I- or IGF-II-driven tumors. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated inhibition of IGF-1R phosphorylation in tumors in mice dosed with MEDI-573, indicating that the antitumor activity is mediated via inhibition of IGF-1R signaling pathways. Finally, MEDI-573 significantly decreased (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake in IGF-driven tumor models, highlighting the potential utility of (18)F-FDG-PET as a noninvasive pharmacodynamic readout for evaluating the use of MEDI-573 in the clinic. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the inhibition of IGF-I and IGF-II ligands by MEDI-573 results in potent antitumor activity and offers an effective approach to selectively target both the IGF-1R and IR-A signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chung
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Koyama S, Tomimatsu T, Kanagawa T, Sawada K, Tsutsui T, Kimura T, Chang YS, Wasada K, Imai S, Murata Y. Spinal subarachnoid hematoma following spinal anesthesia in a patient with HELLP syndrome. Int J Obstet Anesth 2009; 19:87-91. [PMID: 19945267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A case of subarachnoid hematoma following spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with HELLP syndrome is reported. A 39-year-old woman underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia for worsening preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. Despite full recovery from the spinal anesthetic, on the second postoperative day she felt numbness on the posterior aspect of her right leg, noticed she was insensitive to bladder fullness and had mild flaccid paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal subarachnoid hematoma with cauda equina compression. With conservative management she made an almost complete recovery within three months. Serial magnetic resonance imaging showed spontaneous regression of the hematoma. The risk of spinal subarachnoid hematoma following obstetric regional anesthesia is exceedingly small even in a patient with coagulopathy and, to our knowledge, this is only the second reported case following obstetric regional anesthesia. Anesthesia for HELLP syndrome in patients with an adequate platelet count but without disseminated intravascular coagulation is controversial. It is therefore important for clinicians to recognize the symptoms and signs of spinal subarachnoid hematoma to avoid delay in treatment that might result in severe neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koyama
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Chow KPN, Wu CC, Chang HY, Chang C, Chang YS. A simplified tumour model established via Epstein-Barr virus-encoded, nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived oncogene latent membrane protein 1 in immunocompetent mice. Lab Anim 2008; 42:193-203. [PMID: 18435877 DOI: 10.1258/la.2007.006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression and immune modulation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded oncogene latent membrane protein 1 (N-LMP1) is essential in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In previous studies, cell transformation has been induced by the expression of EBV-encoded N-LMP1 in non-tumour BALB/c-3T3 cells and these cells have then been used to form tumours in T-cell-deficient nude mice. However, studies using this model have been limited by the lack of a competent immune system. To facilitate the study of immune components in N-LMP1-driven oncogenesis, we herein developed a simplified N-LMP1-derived tumour model in immunocompetent mice. Cell transformation was induced by the expression of N-LMP1 in BALB/c-3T3 cells, and these transformants were used to induce oncogenesis in BALB/c mice. In contrast to the 100% successful tumour-induction rate in nude mice treated with monodispersed transformed cells, the tumour incidence in BALB/c mice was only 5-36%. However, the transplantation of tumour fragments into BALB/c mice yielded a reproducible tumour-induction rate of >85%, which is acceptable for most of the research needs. This novel model of N-LMP1-directed oncogenesis in an immunocompetent environment may serve as an important platform for the future assessment of N-LMP1-targeted tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping N Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chang YS, Adnane J, Trail PA, Levy J, Henderson A, Xue D, Bortolon E, Ichetovkin M, Chen C, McNabola A, Wilkie D, Carter CA, Taylor ICA, Lynch M, Wilhelm S. Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) inhibits tumor growth and vascularization and induces tumor apoptosis and hypoxia in RCC xenograft models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 59:561-74. [PMID: 17160391 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New research findings have revealed a key role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the stimulation of angiogenesis in clear cell renal carcinoma (RCC) which is a highly vascularized and treatment-resistant tumor. Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar) is a multi-kinase inhibitor which targets receptor tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases involved in tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis. The effect of sorafenib on tumor growth and tumor histology was assessed in both ectopic and orthotopic mouse models of RCC. METHODS Sorafenib was administered orally to mice bearing subcutaneous (SC, ectopic) or sub-renal capsule (SRC, orthotopic) tumors of murine (Renca) or human (786-O) RCC. Treatment efficacy was determined by measurements of tumor volume and tumor growth delay. In mechanism of action studies, using the 786-O and Renca RCC tumor models, the effect of sorafenib was assessed after dosing for 3 or 5 days in the SC models and 21 days in the SRC models. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis was assessed by measuring level of CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) staining by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of sorafenib on MAPK signaling, cell cycle progression and cell proliferation was also assessed by IHC by measuring levels of phospho-ERK, phospho-histone H3 and Ki-67 staining, respectively. The extent of tumor apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Finally, the effects of sorafenib on tumor hypoxia was assessed in 786-O SC model by injecting mice intravenously with pimonidazole hydrochloride 1 h before tumor collection and tumor sections were stained with a FITC-conjugated Hypoxyprobe antibody. RESULTS Sorafenib produced significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and a reduction in tumor vasculature of both ectopic and orthotopic Renca and 786-O tumors, at a dose as low as 15 mg/kg when administered daily. Inhibition of tumor vasculature was observed as early as 3 days post-treatment, and this inhibition of angiogenesis correlated with increased level of tumor apoptosis (TUNEL-positive) and central necrosis. Consistent with these results, a significant increase in tumor hypoxia was also observed 3 days post-treatment in 786-O SC model. However, no significant effect of sorafenib on phospho-ERK, phospho-histone H3 or Ki-67 levels in either RCC tumor model was observed. CONCLUSION Our results show the ability of sorafenib to potently inhibit the growth of both ectopically- and orthotopically-implanted Renca and 786-O tumors. The observed tumor growth inhibition and tumor stasis or stabilization correlated strongly with decreased tumor angiogenesis, which was due, at least in part, to inhibition of VEGF and PDGF-mediated endothelial cell and pericyte survival. Finally, sorafenib-mediated inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis occurred at concentrations equivalent to those achieved in patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong S Chang
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Bayer Research Center, Bayer HealthCare, Pharmaceuticals, 400 Morgan Lane, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Kang SB, Chung HH, Lee HP, Lee JY, Chang YS. Impact of diagnostic laparoscopy on the management of chronic pelvic pain. Surg Endosc 2006; 21:916-9. [PMID: 17103271 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-006-9047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic laparoscopy is a useful tool, especially when there is no definite anatomical abnormality visible on imaging modalities. We assess the role and clinical impact of diagnostic laparoscopy in the management of women with chronic pelvic pain. METHODS Clinical data of 3,068 cases of diagnostic laparoscopy performed for chronic pelvic pain from June 1994 to August 2005 were analyzed. We compared the diagnoses after diagnostic laparoscopy and those after pelvic examination and imaging modalities such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT), and we then checked the final pathologic diagnoses after operation. RESULTS Pelvic endometriosis was the most common (60.2%) laparoscopic finding in patients with chronic pelvic pain in this study, followed by normal pelvic findings (21.2%) and pelvic congestion (13.0%). Diagnostic laparoscopy had an influence on correcting previous plans based on imaging modalities in 42.7% of patients such as discarding unnecessary procedures or introducing new diagnostic or therapeutic plans. There were 3 cases of major complications requiring immediate correction. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool for of women with chronic pelvic pain and can be used as a guideline for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim G, Jang EC, Kim YS, Yoon SA, Kim SS, Yoo SJ, Chang YS, Kim YO. Sigmoid volvulus occurring during bowel preparation period before colonoscopy in a hemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol 2006; 66:149-50. [PMID: 16939075 DOI: 10.5414/cnp66149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kang HR, Yim EY, Oh SY, Chang YS, Kim YK, Cho SH, Min KU, Kim YY. Normal C1 inhibitor mRNA expression level in type I hereditary angioedema patients: newly found C1 inhibitor gene mutations. Allergy 2006; 61:260-4. [PMID: 16409206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) plays a key role in the classical pathway of the complement cascade. Mutations in this gene cause a decreased level of antigenic (type I hereditary angioedema, HAE) or functional (type II HAE) C1INH. OBJECTIVE To find novel mutations in C1INH and evaluate the expression of C1INH gene in HAE patients. METHODS Direct sequencing mutation analysis was performed for genomic DNA from three unrelated families (14 HAE patients and 18 family members). Genomic DNA from one family was also analyzed for larger genomic rearrangements, using Southern blotting analysis. We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate C1INH mRNA expression level. RESULTS Four mutations in exons (2,311 T-->C, 14,034 G-->A, 16,830 G-->A, and 16,979-16,980 G insertion) and four in introns (738 G-->A, 8,531 A-->G, 14,254 A-->G, and 14,337-14,378 TT deletion) were found. Interestingly, all of the nine patients in one family share the same mutation of Gly345Arg (14,034 G-->A) in the seventh exon. In another family, a single base mutation near the splice site (14,254 A-->G) was found in all of the three patients. In the last family, although a significant mutation was not found by direct sequencing, patients showed an abnormal 16 kb fragment in addition to the normal allele (21 kb Bcl I fragment). The C1INH mRNA expression of HAE patients in two families was not significantly different compared with that of normal controls. CONCLUSION The two novel exonal mutations (G-->A and A-->G) and one large gene deletion were associated with the clinical phenotypes of HAE. Considering the normal C1INH mRNA levels but below normal protein levels in two families, their phenotypes would be associated with the post-translational defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JE, Yoon HR, Paik KH, Hwang SJ, Shim JW, Chang YS, Park WS, Strauss AW, Jin DK. A case of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency diagnosed by acylcarnitine profile and DNA analysis in a dried blood spot of a 4-day-old boy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26:403-6. [PMID: 12971428 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025119505982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a Korean case, consistent with a biochemical diagnosis of trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency, in which molecular diagnosis revealed a novel mutation in the alpha-subunit of TFP and the rare combination of two intergenic region (C/C and G/G) polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Inchon, South Korea
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36
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Kim YK, Kim SH, Tak YJ, Jee YK, Lee BJ, Kim SH, Park HW, Jung JW, Bahn JW, Chang YS, Choi DC, Chang SI, Min KU, Kim YY, Cho SH. High prevalence of current asthma and active smoking effect among the elderly. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:1706-12. [PMID: 12653160 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although asthma is a common cause of morbidity in adults, relatively few objectively measured population studies of asthma prevalence in adult populations have been conducted. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of asthma, based on both a questionnaire and methacholine bronchial provocation test, and to determine the risk factors of asthma prevalence in an adult population. METHODS A total of 2,467 adults, who were randomly selected from metropolitan urban, non-metropolitan urban and rural areas, responded to the modified ISAAC questionnaire, and underwent methacholine bronchial provocation tests and skin prick tests to locally common aeroallergens. RESULTS The prevalence of current asthma based on the questionnaire and the methacholine challenge was 2.0% in adults younger than 40, 3.8% in 40- to 54-year-olds, 7.7% in 55- to 64-year-olds and 12.7% in those aged 65 or higher. For subjects of 55-64 years, active smoking was found to be significantly related with the prevalence of current asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, although smoking was positively associated with percentage predictive value of forced expiratory volume of 1 s (FEV1). CONCLUSION The prevalence of current asthma is common among the elderly, and active smoking may play an important role in the development of asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Brown LM, Thomas TL, Ma JL, Chang YS, You WC, Liu WD, Zhang L, Gail MH. Helicobacter pylori infection in rural China: exposure to domestic animals during childhood and adulthood. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 33:686-91. [PMID: 11669227 DOI: 10.1080/00365540110026845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common human bacterial infections. Some domestic animals, including the cat, have been suggested as a reservoir of H. pylori disease, but the data have been inconsistent. This paper evaluates the role of exposure to pets and other domestic animals in the etiology of H. pylori in a rural area of China with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. In this double-blind, population-based, cross-sectional investigation, interviews were completed with 3,288 (1994 seropositive, 1,019 seronegative, 275 indeterminate) H. pylori-infected adults enrolled in a randomized intervention trial in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China. We found no evidence to suggest that exposure to pets or other domestic animals during either childhood or adulthood was related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection. In fact, odds ratios (ORs) were reduced for subjects who had kept a cat (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1.0) or any animal (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.9) in the house as an adult, or a cat as a child (OR = 0.7, 95% CI =0.5-1.0). ORs were also reduced for all 11 types of animal studied that subjects had kept in their courtyard as an adult. These findings suggest that zoonotic transmission, including that from domestic cats, is an unlikely route of H. pylori infection in this rural Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7244, USA.
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Riecken B, Pfeiffer R, Ma JL, Jin ML, Li JY, Liu WD, Zhang L, Chang YS, Gail MH, You WC. No impact of repeated endoscopic screens on gastric cancer mortality in a prospectively followed Chinese population at high risk. Prev Med 2002; 34:22-8. [PMID: 11749093 DOI: 10.1006/pmed.2001.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in China. Our study prospectively evaluated the impact of repeated endoscopic screens on GC mortality in a high-risk population in China. METHODS Between 1989 and 1999, a population-based gastroscopic screening was conducted in 4,394 residents of Linqu County, China, a region with the highest rates of GC worldwide. Residents ages 35 to 64 years received initial gastroscopies with biopsies in 1989. Repeated endoscopies were performed in 1994 and 1999. Cancer occurrences and deaths were actively monitored throughout the entire period until July 2000. Mortality from GC was compared with expected values based on mortality rates obtained for Linqu in the 1990-1992 Chinese Cancer Mortality Survey. RESULTS Between March 1989 and July 2000, 39,303 person-years were accumulated; 85 new GCs occurred, 29 (34.5%) were in early stage. Fifty-eight cases (68%) were identified at one of the screens. The number of observed deaths from GC (37) was close to the expected (36.8). The standardized mortality ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.72-1.37) for the entire cohort, 1.13 (95% CI 0.77-1.57) for males, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.26-1.32) for females. CONCLUSIONS Despite high population coverage with repeated screens, no reduction in GC mortality was observed in this high-risk population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Riecken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
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Park WS, Chang YS, Chung SH, Seo DW, Hong SH, Lee M. Effect of hypothermia on bilirubin-induced alterations in brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism in newborn piglets. Brain Res 2001; 922:276-81. [PMID: 11743960 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypothermia on bilirubin-induced alterations in brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism in the developing brain. Thirty-seven newborn piglets were divided randomly into four groups: normothermic control (NC, n=9); hypothermic control (HC, n=7); normothermic bilirubin infusion (NB, n=11); and hypothermic bilirubin infusion (HB, n=10) groups. In bilirubin infusion groups (NB and HB), a loading dose of bilirubin (35 mg/kg) was given over 5 min, followed by a continuous infusion (25 mg/kg/h) for 4 h. The control groups (NC, HC) received a bilirubin-free buffer solution. Sulfadimethoxine was administered to animals in all experimental groups. Rectal temperature was maintained between 38.0 and 39.0 degrees C in normothermic groups, and between 34.0 and 35.0 degrees C in hypothermic groups for 4 h after the start of bilirubin infusion. The final blood and brain bilirubin concentrations in the bilirubin infusion groups (NB and HB) were not significantly different. Decreased cerebral cortical cell membrane Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and increased lipid peroxidation products observed in the NB group, indicative of bilirubin-induced brain damage, were significantly attenuated in the HB group. Hypothermia also significantly improved the bilirubin-induced reduction in brain ATP and phosphocreatine levels and increase in blood and brain lactate levels. In summary, hypothermia significantly attenuated the bilirubin-induced alterations in brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism in the newborn piglet. These findings suggest the possibility that hypothermia could be a good neuroprotective therapeutic modality in neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Hereditary angioedema is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the edema of subcutaneous tissues, respiratory tract and bowel. It is caused by the deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor. Hereditary angioedema may be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and glomerulonephritis. We report a 34-year-old male patient with hereditary angioedema who developed idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Autoimmunity seems to be an important basis of this association and it might be caused by the immune dysfunction due to decreased level of complements; nevertheless, a casual association could not be excluded. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hereditary angioedema in association with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongondong, Chongnogu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Chang YS, Ku YR, Lin JH, Lu KL, Ho LK. Analysis of three lupane type triterpenoids in Helicteres angustifolia by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 26:849-55. [PMID: 11600296 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kang-chih-ma is the dried roots and stems of Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae) and a commonly used folk herbal drug in Taiwan. It possesses antidotal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects and is also known as a kind of tumor inhibitory plant. To evaluate the quality of H. angustifolia, a simple, rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of three lupane type triterpenes: 3beta-acetoxy-27-benzoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (methyl helicterate), 3beta-acetoxy-27-benzoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, and 3beta-acetoxy-27-(p-hydroxyl) benzoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester. The present HPLC system used an Inertsil ODS-2 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase and detected at UV 230 nm. Regression equations revealed good linear relationships (correlation coefficients: 0.9922-0.9997). The relative standard deviations of these three constituents ranged between 1.05-3.14% (intraday) and 2.12-4.38% (interday). The contents of these three constituents of the heartwood and the bark of the roots of H. angustifolia in five different samples have also been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Park WS, Chang YS, Lee M. N(omega) -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) attenuates the acute inflammatory responses and brain injury during the early phase of experimental Escherichia coli meningitis in the newborn piglet. Neurol Res 2001; 23:862-8. [PMID: 11760879 DOI: 10.1179/016164101101199315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of nonselective NOS inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), in experimental bacterial meningitis in the newborn piglet. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of 10(8) colony forming units of Escherichia coli. L-NAME 10 mg kg(-1) was given intravenously 30 min before induction of meningitis. L-NAME significantly attenuated the increase in intracranial pressure and decrease in cerebrospinal fluid glucose concentration observed in the meningitis group. Systemic and cerebral perfusion pressure were even higher compared to the control and meningitis groups. However, the meningitis-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, leukocyte numbers and lactate level in the cerebrospinal fluid was not significantly attenuated with L-NAME administration. Reduced cerebral cortical cell membrane Na+, K+ -ATPase activity and increased lipid peroxidation products, indicative of meningitis-induced brain cell membrane dysfunction, were significantly improved with L-NAME treatment. Decreased brain glucose and ATP levels were also significantly improved with L-NAME treatment. These findings suggest that L-NAME was effective in attenuating the acute inflammatory responses and brain injury in neonatal bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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You WC, Zhang L, Pan KF, Jiang J, Chang YS, Perez-Perez GI, Liu WD, MA JL, Gail MH, Blaser MJ, Fraumeni JF, Xu GW. Helicobacter pylori prevalence and CagA status among children in two counties of China with high and low risks of gastric cancer. Ann Epidemiol 2001; 11:543-6. [PMID: 11709273 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in adult populations in selected countries with widely varying rates of gastric cancer have shown a weak correlation between gastric cancer mortality rates and the prevalence of CagA+ strains of H. pylori. However, only limited data are available in ethnically homogenous populations with varying rates in the same region. METHODS; We compared the prevalence of H. pylori in general and of CagA+ strains in particular among children in Shandong Province, China in areas at high (Linqu County) and low risk (Cangshan County) of gastric cancer. H. pylori status among children aged 3 to 12 years was determined by 13C-UBT, and CagA status was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Because of the difficulty in obtaining blood from young children aged 3 to 4 years and from some children aged 5 years, CagA status was determined among part of children 5 years old and children 6 to 12 years old. RESULTS; Among 98 children aged 3 to 12 years in Linqu, 68 (69.4%) was H. pylori-positive, as compared with 29 (28.7%) among 101 children in Cangshan. Among children positive for 13C-UBT, the proportion of the CagA+ strains were identified was 46 (88.5%) of 52 in Linqu and 13 (81.3%) of 16 in Cangshan, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori was nearly three times higher among children in Linqu than in Cangshan, which may contribute to the large differential in gastric cancer rates for two neighboring populations in Shandong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C You
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7244, USA
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Liu WJ, Yu HT, Peng SE, Chang YS, Pien HW, Lin CJ, Huang CJ, Tsai MF, Huang CJ, Wang CH, Lin JY, Lo CF, Kou GH. Cloning, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of a shrimp white spot syndrome virus gene that encodes a protein kinase. Virology 2001; 289:362-77. [PMID: 11689058 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 715-amino-acid polypeptide was found in an 8421-bp EcoRI fragment of the shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome. The polypeptide shows significant homology to eukaryotic serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) and contains the major conserved subdomains for eukaryotic protein kinases. Coupled in vitro transcription and translation generated a protein having an apparent molecular mass of about 87 kDa according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For transcriptional analysis of the pk gene, total RNA was isolated from WSSV-infected shrimp at different times after infection. Northern blot analysis with pk-specific riboprobe found a major and a minor transcript of 2.7 and 5.7 kb, respectively. Rapid amplification of the 5' cDNA ends of the major 2.7-kb pk transcript showed that there were two transcriptional initiation sites located at nucleotide residues -38(G) and -39(G) relative to the ATG translational start codon. Temporal expression analysis by RT-PCR indicated that the transcription of the pk gene started 2 h after infection and continued for at least 60 h. Phylogenetic analysis showed that WSSV protein kinase does not have any close relatives and does not fall into any of the major protein kinase groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Liu
- Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, ROC
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Peng SE, Lo CF, Lin SC, Chen LL, Chang YS, Liu KF, Su MS, Ko GH. Performance of WSSV-infected and WSSV-negative Penaeus monodon postlarvae in culture ponds. Dis Aquat Organ 2001; 46:165-172. [PMID: 11710550 DOI: 10.3354/dao046165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In a survey of 27 Penaeus monodon culture ponds stocked with postlarvae (approximately PL10) at medium density (approximately 40 shrimp m(-2)), single-step nested white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) PCR was used to measure the WSSV infection rates in the shrimp populations within 1 mo after stocking. Seven ponds were initially WSSV-free, and the shrimp in 5 of these were harvested successfully. In the ponds (n = 6) where detection rates were higher than 50%, mass mortality occurred during the growth period, and none of these ponds was harvested successfully. In a subsequent study, P. monodon brooders were classified into 3 groups according to their WSSV infection status before and after spawning: brooders that were WSSV-positive before spawning were assigned to group A; spawners that became WSSV-positive only after spawning were assigned to group B; and group C consisted of brooders that were still WSSV-negative after spawning. WSSV screening showed that 75, 44 and 14%, respectively, of group A, B and C brooders produced nauplii that were WSSV-positive. Most (57%; 16/28) of the brooders in group A produced nauplii in which the WSSV prevalence was high (>50%). When a pond was stocked with high-prevalence nauplii from 1 of these group A brooders, an outbreak of white spot syndrome occurred within 3 wk and only approximately 20% of the initial population survived through to harvest (after 174 d). By contrast, 2 other ponds stocked with low-prevalence and WSSV-negative nauplii (derived respectively from 2 brooders in group B), both had much higher survival rates (70 to 80%) and yielded much larger (approximately 3x by weight) total harvests. We conclude that testing the nauplii is an effective and practical screening strategy for commercially cultured P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Peng
- Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Park Y, Chang YS, Lee SW, Cho SY, Kim YK, Min KU, Kim YY, Cho SH, Sung YC. The enhanced effect of a hexameric deoxyriboguanosine run conjugation to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on protection against allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:570-6. [PMID: 11590383 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.118517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodeoxynucleotides containing a CpG motif (CpG ODNs), as potent inducers of T(H)1 immunity, are considered promising candidates for immune modulation in asthma. We have previously demonstrated that conjugation of a hexameric deoxyriboguanosine run to the 3' terminus (3' dG(6)-run) of phosphodiester (PE) CpG ODNs enhanced their immuno-stimulatory activities in vitro. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 3' dG(6)-run conjugation to PE or phosphorothioate (PS) CpG ODNs on protection against murine allergic asthma in vivo. METHODS Balb/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection with or without CpG ODNs (PS CpG ODNs, PE CpG ODNs, and those with 3' dG(6)-run) and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin. We evaluated airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil proportion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway inflammation, and ovalbumin-specific antibody responses. RESULTS The conjugation of a 3' dG(6)-run to PE CpG ODNs enhanced the production of IFN-gamma from ovalbumin-specific T(H) cells and prevented the development of asthma in terms of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway eosinophilia, and ovalbumin-specific IgE responses; these effects were comparable to those of PS CpG ODNs. Enhanced effects of the 3' dG(6)-run were also observed in PS CpG ODNs, though they were lower than those in PE CpG ODNs. CONCLUSION This study suggests that conjugation of a 3' dG(6)-run to CpG ODNs might provide an effective method for immune modulation of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Park
- National Laboratory of DNA Medicine, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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Park CW, Shin YS, Ahn SJ, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, Bang BK. Thyroxine treatment induces upregulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system due to decreasing effective plasma volume in patients with primary myxoedema. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:1799-806. [PMID: 11522861 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.9.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental animals and humans, hypothyroidism is associated with fluid retention and generalized oedema, increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH), decreased atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), and decreased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which subsequently can be corrected by thyroid hormone replacement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thyroxine therapy on RAAS and neurohormones affecting water and electrolyte metabolism and the reason for these changes in patients with primary myxoedema. METHODS We measured changes in the plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone (Aldo), ADH, ANH levels, serum and 24 h urinary electrolytes and osmolalities, and cardiac function in 22 female patients with primary myxoedema before and after correction of hypothyroidism. We also evaluated age-, sex-, and BMI-matched 15 healthy control subjects (Cont). RESULTS It took an average of 4.3 months (range, 3-9 months) to normalize thyroid function. The mean reductions of body weight and estimated plasma volume were 1.8+/-1.0 kg (P=0.002) and 8.5% (P<0.001), respectively. In addition, serum Na+ and osmolality and the haematocrit were significantly elevated after correction of hypothyroidism (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Increased F(E)Na and C(OSM) (P<0.05) levels in patients with hypothyroidism (Ho) compared with those in Cont did not change after thyroxine therapy (Eu). However, C(H(2)O), U(E)K, F(E)K, and TTKG levels as well as creatinine clearance (Ccr) were markedly increased in Eu compared with Ho and Cont (P<0.01, respectively). Increased plasma ADH concentration and decreased plasma ANH concentration were normalized compared to Cont after thyroxine therapy (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Low PRA and serum Aldo concentration in Ho were significantly increased in Eu (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). In addition, increased left ventricular mass index and decreased cardiac output in Ho were normalized compared to Cont after thyroxine therapy (P<0.01, respectively) CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the exaggerated upregulation of RAAS after correction of hypothyroidism in patients with primary myxoedema is associated with an increase in Ccr and a decrease in plasma volume resulting from water diuresis, natriuresis, osmotic diuresis and inappropriate changes in plasma ADH and ANH levels. The improved renal function coincided with an amelioration of cardiac function. These changes seem to be an adaptive response for preventing excessive plasma volume and weight loss after thyroxine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #62 Yoido-Dong, Youngdungpo-Ku, Seoul 150-713, Korea
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Park WS, Chang YS, Lee M. Effects of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during the immediate reoxygenation-reperfusion period after acute transient global hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn piglet. Brain Res 2001; 901:102-8. [PMID: 11368956 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to determine the effects of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia on brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism during the immediate reoxygenation-reperfusion period after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Forty-five newborn piglets were divided randomly into four experimental groups: normoxia control (NC, n=9); HI/reoxygenation-reperfusion (RR) control (HC, n=11); HI/RR hyperglycemia (HE, n=12); and HI/RR hypoglycemia (HO, n=13) group. Animals were subjected to transient HI for 30 min followed by 2 h of RR. Cerebral HI was induced by temporary but complete occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries with surgical clips and simultaneous breathing with 8% oxygen. Glucose was unregulated in HC group, and controlled by modified glucose clamp technique immediately after HI in HE (350 mg/dl) and HO (50 mg/dl) groups. During HI, heart rate, base deficit, glucose and lactate level in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid increased, and arterial pH, oxygen saturation and blood pressure decreased significantly in HC, HE and HO groups. During RR, these abnormalities returned to normal values, but lactic acidosis persisted especially in HO group. Cerebral Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity decreased, and lipid peroxidation products increased significantly in HC group than in NC group, and these abnormalities were significantly aggravated in HE, but not in HO, group. Brain ATP and phosphocreatine levels in HE group were significantly reduced compared to the corresponding values in NC, HC and HO groups. In summary, hyperglycemia, but not hypoglycemia immediately after HI interfered with the recovery of brain cell membrane function and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that post-hypoxic-ischemic hyperglycemia is not beneficial and might even be harmful in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
A cell-associated protein released from Bacillus pumilus PH-01 showed an affinity for some dioxins, like 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), and the concentration of the protein increased when B. pumilus PH-01 was boiled in minimal salts medium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry revealed that the boiled culture supernatant contained a major protein with a molecular mass of 5,313.4 Da. The adsorption behavior of the protein for 1,2,3,4-TCDD and 1,2,3,4-TCDF was examined by digesting it with proteinase K and trypsin, showing that the proteolyzed protein lost the ability to adsorb the compounds. The amino acid sequence of the protein was determined by automated Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. A search of the protein databases showed no existence of proteins with an homologous sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Hong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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Park WS, Chang YS, Lee M. 7-Nitroindazole, but not aminoguanidine, attenuates the acute inflammatory responses and brain injury during the early phase of Escherichia coli meningitis in the newborn piglet. Biol Neonate 2001; 80:53-9. [PMID: 11474150 DOI: 10.1159/000047120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole and aminoguanidine, which predominantly inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase, during the early phase of experimental bacterial meningitis in the newborn piglet. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of 10(8) colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in 100 microl of saline. 7-Nitroindazole significantly attenuated the meningitis-induced acute inflammatory responses such as increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose concentration, and CSF leukocytosis at 2 h. However, meningitis-induced CSF leukocytosis at 4 h and increased CSF lactate and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were not significantly attenuated. Reduced cerebral cortical cell membrane Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and increased lipid peroxidation products, indicative of meningitis-induced brain cell membrane dysfunction, were also significantly improved with 7-nitroindazole treatment. In contrast, although aminoguanidine significantly attenuated the increase in the CSF tumor necrosis factor alpha level, it failed to attenuate the acute inflammation and the ensuing brain injury in bacterial meningitis. In summary, 7-nitroindazole, but not aminoguanidine, significantly attenuated the acute inflammatory responses and brain injury during the early phase of neonatal bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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