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Chen R, Han X, Xu H, Xu J, Cao T, Shan Y, He F, Fang W, Li X. N-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus N pro induces proteasomal degradation of specificity protein 1 with reduced HDAC1 expression to evade from innate immune responses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0111523. [PMID: 37796122 PMCID: PMC10617410 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01115-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Of the flaviviruses, only CSFV and bovine viral diarrhea virus express Npro as the non-structural protein which is not essential for viral replication but functions to dampen host innate immunity. We have deciphered a novel mechanism with which CSFV uses to evade the host antiviral immunity by the N-terminal domain of its Npro to facilitate proteasomal degradation of Sp1 with subsequent reduction of HDAC1 and ISG15 expression. This is distinct from earlier findings involving Npro-mediated IRF3 degradation via the C-terminal domain. This study provides insights for further studies on how HDAC1 plays its role in antiviral immunity, and if and how other viral proteins, such as the core protein of CSFV, the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, or even other coronaviruses, exert antiviral immune responses via the Sp1-HDAC1 axis. Such research may lead to a deeper understanding of viral immune evasion strategies as part of their pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hankun Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang He
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Xu Q, Guo J, Ma F, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu X, Li X, Jiang M, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Li Q, Chai S, Wang R, Ma Q, Zhang E, Zhang G. A novel linear epitope at the C-terminal region of the classical swine fever virus E2 protein elicits neutralizing activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:837-846. [PMID: 34403672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus, which causes serious economic losses. The re-emergence of the disease in Japan in 2018 has increased awareness of CSFV. In this study, Balb/c mice were immunized with plant-derived E2 protein, and four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 4B11, 7B3, 11A5 and 6F3 were generated. Two of these mAbs, 4B11 and 7B3, effectively blocked CSFV infection of PK-15 cells. Both mAbs recognized a novel linear epitope, 256CLIGNTTVKVHASDER271. The neutralizing ability of anti-CSFV serum decreased 63%, when pre-incubated with the linear peptide at 200 μg/mL. Structural analysis showed that this linear epitope is present at the border of Domain C and Domain D on the surface of the E2 protein. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the epitope was conserved in different subgroups of CSFV but not in other members of the Pestivirus genus. Consistently with the analysis above, this epitope distinguished antibodies against CSFV from those against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Our study provides an ideal candidate peptide for new vaccine design and differential diagnosis of CSFV. These findings will contribute to the control and eradication of classical swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fanshu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linke Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangxiang Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institution of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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Bohórquez JA, Defaus S, Rosell R, Pérez-Simó M, Alberch M, Gladue DP, Borca MV, Andreu D, Ganges L. Development of a Dendrimeric Peptide-Based Approach for the Differentiation of Animals Vaccinated with FlagT4G against Classical Swine Fever from Infected Pigs. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101980. [PMID: 34696410 PMCID: PMC8540558 DOI: 10.3390/v13101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a viral disease of high epidemiological and economical significance that affects domestic and wild swine. Control of the disease in endemic countries is based on live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) that induce an early protective immune response against highly virulent CSFV strains. The main disadvantage of these currently available LAVs is the lack of serological techniques to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA concept). Here, we describe the development of the FlagDIVA test, a serological diagnostic tool allowing for the differentiation between animals vaccinated with the FlagT4G candidate and those infected with CSFV field strains. The FlagDIVA test is a direct ELISA based on a dendrimeric peptide construct displaying a conserved epitope of CSFV structural protein E2. Although FlagDIVA detected anti-CSFV anti-bodies in infected animals, it did not recognize the antibody response of FlagT4G-vaccinated animals. Therefore, the FlagDIVA test constitutes a valuable accessory DIVA tool in implementing vaccination with the FlagT4G candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (R.R.); (M.P.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Rosa Rosell
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (R.R.); (M.P.-S.); (M.A.)
- Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (R.R.); (M.P.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mònica Alberch
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (R.R.); (M.P.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Greenport, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.A.B.); (R.R.); (M.P.-S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang YL, Meyer D, Postel A, Tsai KJ, Liu HM, Yang CH, Huang YC, Berkley N, Deng MC, Wang FI, Becher P, Crooke H, Chang CY. Identification of a Common Conformational Epitope on the Glycoprotein E2 of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Border Disease Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081655. [PMID: 34452520 PMCID: PMC8402670 DOI: 10.3390/v13081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) shares high structural and antigenic homology with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). Because all three viruses can infect swine and elicit cross-reactive antibodies, it is necessary to differentiate among them with regard to serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. To understand the mechanism of cross-reactivity, it is important to define common or specific epitopes of these viruses. For this purpose, epitope mapping of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was performed using recombinant expressed antigenic domains of CSFV and BDV E2 proteins. One CSFV-specific conformational epitope and one CSFV and BDV common epitope within domain B/C of E2 were identified. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that residues G725 and V738/I738 of the CSFV-specific epitope and P709/L709 and E713 of the second epitope are important for mAbs binding. Infection of CSFV in porcine cells was significantly reduced after pre-incubation of the cells with the domain B/C of E2 or after pre-incubation of CSFV with the mAbs detecting domain B/C. 3D structural modeling suggested that both epitopes are exposed on the surface of E2. Based on this, the identified epitopes represent a potential target for virus neutralization and might be involved in the early steps of CSFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Huang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Denise Meyer
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Kuo-Jung Tsai
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Hsin-Meng Liu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Chia-Huei Yang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Nicholas Berkley
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK;
| | - Ming-Chung Deng
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
| | - Fun-In Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Paul Becher
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.M.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Helen Crooke
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +44-0-1932-357331 (H.C.); +886-2-2621-2111 (ext. 343) (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yi Chang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (K.-J.T.); (H.-M.L.); (C.-H.Y.); (Y.-C.H.); (M.-C.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +44-0-1932-357331 (H.C.); +886-2-2621-2111 (ext. 343) (C.-Y.C.)
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5
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Liu ZH, Xu HL, Han GW, Tao LN, Lu Y, Zheng SY, Fang WH, He F. A self-assembling nanoparticle: Implications for the development of thermostable vaccine candidates. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2162-2173. [PMID: 34102236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective controls on viral infections rely on the continuous development in vaccine technology. Nanoparticle (NP) antigens are highly immunogenic based on their unique physicochemical properties, making them molecular scaffolds to present soluble vaccine antigens. Here, viral targets (113-354 aas) were genetically fused to N terminal of mi3, a protein that self-assembles into nanoparticles composed of 60 subunits. With transmission electron microscopy, it was confirmed that target-mi3 fusion proteins which have insertions of up to 354 aas in N terminal form intact NPs. Moreover, viral targets are surface-displayed on NPs as indicated in dynamic light scattering. NPs exhibit perfect stability after long-term storage at room temperature. Moreover, SP-E2-mi3 NPs enhance antigen uptake and maturation in dendritic cells (DCs) via up-regulating marker molecules and immunostimulatory cytokines. Importantly, in a mouse model, SP-E2-mi3 nanovaccines against Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remarkably improved CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and cellular immunity related cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) as compared to monomeric E2. Specially, improved NAb response with more than tenfold increase in NAb titer against both CSFV Shimen and HZ-08 strains indicated better cross-protection against different genotypes. Collectively, this structure-based, self-assembling NP provides an attractive platform to improve the potency of subunit vaccine for emerging pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Classical Swine Fever/blood
- Classical Swine Fever/immunology
- Classical Swine Fever/prevention & control
- Classical Swine Fever/virology
- Classical Swine Fever Virus/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Stability
- Female
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Swine
- Temperature
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/pharmacology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hui Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guang-Wei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Li-Na Tao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Su-Ya Zheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei-Huan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pérez-Pérez D, Sordo-Puga Y, Rodríguez-Moltó MP, Sardina T, Santana E, Montero C, Ancizar J, Cabrera Y, Tuero Á, Naranjo P, Sosa-Testé I, Fernandez F, Valdés R, Duarte CA, Suárez-Pedroso M. E2-CD154 vaccine candidate is safe and immunogenic in pregnant sows, and the maternal derived neutralizing antibodies protect piglets from classical swine fever virus challenge. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109153. [PMID: 34271304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
E2-CD154 subunit vaccine candidate is safe and protects swine from Classical Swine Fever (CSF). However, its safety and immunogenicity in pregnant sows, and the capacity of maternal derived neutralizing antibodies (MDNA) to protect the offspring is yet to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of E2-CD154 in pregnant sows, and the capacity of MDNA to protect the offspring. Seventeen pregnant sows were vaccinated twice with E2-CD154 in either the first or the second third of pregnancy. Pregnancy and litter parameters were compared with a control group of non-vaccinated sows. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were monitored. The time course of MDNA was assessed in a group of six piglets born to an E2-CD154 immunized sow, and the animals were challenged with CSFV at day 63 after birth. No local or systemic adverse effects were found. Neither abortions, nor congenital malformations, nor stillbirths were observed. All sows develop high NAb titers after the first immunization. Piglets born to an E2-CD154 vaccinated sow still showed MDNA titers of 1:100 at day 63 after birth. Five animals were negative for virus isolation after challenge, and showed neither signs of CSF, nor macroscopic lesions in the organs. The other piglet was positive for CSFV isolation, and macroscopic lesions were observed in the spleen, although no clinical signs of CSF other than fever were detected. E2-CD154 vaccine candidate was safe and immunogenic in pregnant sows, and the passive immunity transmitted to the offspring was still protective by day 63 after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - Yusmel Sordo-Puga
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Talía Sardina
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Elaine Santana
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Carlos Montero
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Julio Ancizar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Porcinas, Guatao, km 1(½), Punta Brava, La Lisa, La Habana, 19200, Cuba
| | - Yaneris Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Porcinas, Guatao, km 1(½), Punta Brava, La Lisa, La Habana, 19200, Cuba
| | - Ángela Tuero
- Dirección de Estudios Clínicos, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Iliana Sosa-Testé
- Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Fé Fernandez
- Centro de Toxicología Experimental (CETEX), Centro para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio (CENPALAB), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés
- Departamento de Producción de Anticuerpos Monoclonales, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carlos A Duarte
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
- Departamento de Biotecnología Animal, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 e/158 y 190, Apdo 6162, Cubanacán, Playa, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
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7
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Bazarragchaa E, Isoda N, Kim T, Tetsuo M, Ito S, Matsuno K, Sakoda Y. Efficacy of Oral Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Estimation of the Disease Dynamics in the Quantitative Approach. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020319. [PMID: 33672749 PMCID: PMC7924559 DOI: 10.3390/v13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in the wild boar population has been spreading in Japan, alongside outbreaks on pigs, since classical swine fever (CSF) reemerged in September 2018. The vaccination using oral bait vaccine was initially implemented in Gifu prefecture in March 2019. In the present study, antibodies against CSFV in wild boar were assessed in 1443 captured and dead wild boars in Gifu prefecture. After the implementation of oral vaccination, the increase of the proportion of seropositive animals and their titer in wild boars were confirmed. Quantitative analysis of antigen and antibodies against CSFV in wild boar implies potential disease diversity in the wild boar population. Animals with status in high virus replication (Ct < 30) and non- or low-immune response were confirmed and were sustained at a certain level after initial oral vaccination. Through continuous vaccination periods, the increase of seroprevalence among wild boar and the decrease of CSFV-positive animals were observed. The epidemiological analysis based on the quantitative virological outcomes could provide more information on the efficacy of oral vaccination and dynamics of CSF in the wild boar population, which will help to improve the implementation of control measures for CSF in countries such as Japan and neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhbold Bazarragchaa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan; (E.B.); (T.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan; (E.B.); (T.K.); (M.T.)
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.I.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5208 (N.I.); +81-11-706-5207 (Y.S.)
| | - Taksoo Kim
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan; (E.B.); (T.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Madoka Tetsuo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan; (E.B.); (T.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.I.); (K.M.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan; (E.B.); (T.K.); (M.T.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5208 (N.I.); +81-11-706-5207 (Y.S.)
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8
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Wang Q, Liu H, Xu L, Li J, Wu H, Yang C, Chen X, Deng Y, Sun Y, Tu C, Chen N, Gong W, Chen G. Different clinical presentations of subgenotype 2.1 strain of classical swine fever infection in weaned piglets and adults, and long-term cross-protection conferred by a C-strain vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2020; 253:108915. [PMID: 33309157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever is an important swine disease in China, and sporadic outbreaks with mild clinical signs despite compulsory vaccination have raised questions about the virulence and pathogenicity of prevalent subgenotype 2.1 strains, and the ability of C-strain vaccines to cross-protect against them. To investigate this, three field isolates were evaluated in experimentally infected piglets and compared with the highly virulent reference Shimen strain. Clinical signs for the field strains ranged from mild to severe, and mortality ranged from 0 to 80 %. These data show differences in virulence among the subgenotype 2.1 field isolates and support the use of field strain GD191 as a genotype 2 challenge virus to assess efficacy of C-strain vaccines. In contrast to the historical genotype 1 strain, which caused acute infection with significant virus shedding in non-vaccinated animals, the subgenotype 2.1 GD191 strain produced different clinical manifestations in weaned piglets and adults. Adult pigs showed subclinical infection with viral shedding, whereas weaned piglets showed overt signs of infection. Efficacy of, and duration of immunity conferred by a C-strain vaccine were assessed using the reference Shimen strain and field isolate GD191 at 12 and 15 months after vaccination. A robust antibody response and sterilising protection were seen in all vaccinated animals and lasted up to 15 months post-vaccination. This study confirms that C-strain vaccines confer both clinical and virological protection against the historical genotype 1 Shimen strain and cross-protection against the prevalent genotype 2 field strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Li
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wu
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuai Yang
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Deng
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Office International des Epizooties/National Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Pachauri R, Manu M, Vishnoi P, Om Preethi B, Tiwari AK, Dhar P. Stability of live attenuated classical swine fever cell culture vaccine virus in liquid form for developing an oral vaccine. Biologicals 2020; 68:108-111. [PMID: 32888775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an important viral disease of pigs and controlled by vaccination. Unorganised backyard and wild pigs are difficult to vaccinate by needle vaccination. Here we formulated liquid vaccines using an Indian CSF cell culture vaccine virus and four stabilisers and evaluated their stability at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C up to 24 h for use as oral vaccine. The stabilisers were Lactalbumin hydrolysate-Trehalose, Lactalbumin hydrolysate-Trehalose-Gelatin, Lactalbumin hydrolysate-Lactose-Sucrose and Lactalbumin hydrolysate-Sucrose. The liquid vaccines, with or without stabilisers, were stable at 4 °C up to 24 h, whereas, a drop of one log10 titre was observed at 25 °C during the same period. At 37 °C, the virus titre diminished by only one log10 with the Lactalbumin hydrolysate-Trehalose (LT) stabiliser up to 24 h compared to two log10 losses in virus titre with other stabilisers and virus control. We therefore conclude that for developing a CSF oral vaccine, the vaccine virus in liquid form can be used directly during the winter, whereas for developing the oral vaccine for summer, the LT stabiliser would provide maximum stability to the virus to withstand the warm temperature while maintaining adequate therapeutic titre for inducing a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pachauri
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - M Manu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Priya Vishnoi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - B Om Preethi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Pronab Dhar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India.
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10
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Park Y, Lee S, Kang H, Park M, Min K, Kim NH, Gu S, Kim JK, An DJ, Choe S, Sohn EJ. A classical swine fever virus E2 fusion protein produced in plants elicits a neutralizing humoral immune response in mice and pigs. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1247-1261. [PMID: 32323080 PMCID: PMC7223222 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases of swine worldwide. Although live or attenuated virus vaccines have been used to control CSFV, it is difficult to distinguish vaccinated pigs from infected pigs; this leads to restrictions on import and export. Subunit vaccines based on the CSFV E2 glycoprotein have been developed using baculovirus or insect cell systems, but some weaknesses remain. Here, we describe production of an E2 recombinant protein using a Nicotiana benthamiana plant expression system. To do this, we took advantage of the ability of the swine Fc domain to increase solubility and stability of the fusion protein and to strengthen immune responses in target animals. N. benthamiana expressed high amounts of pFc2-fused E2 proteins, which were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography to yield a high pure recombinant protein in a cost-effective manner. Native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography confirmed that the pmE2:pFc2 fusion exists as a multimer rather than as a dimer. Injection of recombinant pmE2 protein into mice or piglets generated anti-pmE2 antibodies with efficient neutralizing activity against CSFV. These results suggest that a purified recombinant E2 protein produced in N. benthamiana generates high titers of neutralizing antibodies in vivo; as such, the protein could be developed as a subunit vaccine against CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyangju Kang
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Min
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Nam Hyung Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sungmin Gu
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jong Kook Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea.
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11
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Itakura Y, Matsuno K, Ito A, Gerber M, Liniger M, Fujimoto Y, Tamura T, Kameyama KI, Okamatsu M, Ruggli N, Kida H, Sakoda Y. A cloned classical swine fever virus derived from the vaccine strain GPE - causes cytopathic effect in CPK-NS cells via type-I interferon-dependent necroptosis. Virus Res 2019; 276:197809. [PMID: 31715204 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever viruses (CSFVs) do typically not show cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell culture, while some strains such as vaccine strain the GPE- induce CPE in the swine kidney-derived CPK-NS cell line cultured in serum-free medium. These latter strains commonly lack Npro-mediated inhibition of type-I interferon (IFN) induction. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of GPE--induced CPE, we analyzed the cellular pathways involved. In CPK-NS cells infected with the attenuated-vaccine-derived vGPE- strain, both, apoptosis and necroptosis were induced. Necroptosis was type-I IFN-dependent and critical for visible CPE. In contrast, the parental virulent vALD-A76 strain did not induce any of these pathways nor CPE. We used reverse genetics to investigate which viral factors regulate these cell-death pathways. Interestingly, a mutant vGPE- in which the Npro function was restored to inhibit type-I IFN induction did not induce necroptosis nor CPE but still induced apoptosis, while an Npro-mutant vALD-A76 incapable of inhibiting type-I IFN production induced necroptosis and CPE. Although Erns of CSFV is reportedly involved in controlling apoptosis, apoptosis induction by vGPE- or apoptosis inhibition by vALD-A76 were independent of the unique amino acid difference found in Erns of these two strains. Altogether, these results demonstrate that type-I IFN-dependent necroptosis related to non-functional Npro is the main mechanism for CPE induction by vGPE-, and that viral factor(s) other than Erns may induce or inhibit apoptosis in vGPE- or vALD-A76 infected CPK-NS cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Itakura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonotic Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Asako Ito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Markus Gerber
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kameyama
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Global Station for Zoonotic Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonotic Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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12
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Deng S, Yang C, Nie K, Fan S, Zhu M, Zhu J, Chen Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Xu H, Tian S, Chen J, Zhao M. Host cell protein PSMB10 interacts with viral NS3 protein and inhibits the growth of classical swine fever virus. Virology 2019; 537:74-83. [PMID: 31493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a major infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). NS3 is one of the non-structural proteins of CSFV and plays an important role in the infection process. However, the NS3-interacting cellular proteins involved in viral replication are poorly documented. In this study, proteasome subunit beta 10 (PSMB10) was identified as a novel NS3-interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid screening of a porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cDNA library. The PSMB10-NS3 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and laser confocal microscopy. Overexpression of PSMB10 inhibited CSFV replication. Conversely, CSFV infection inhibited PSMB10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NS3 is degraded by PSMB10 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that CSFV inhibits the expression of MHC class I antigen presentation-related transporter proteins, whereas PSMB10 can restore the function of MHC class I antigen presentation and inhibit CSFV proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Kaiyang Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Junling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Hailuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Shangsheng Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
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13
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Vuono EA, Ramirez-Medina E, Holinka LG, Baker-Branstetter R, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Interaction of Structural Glycoprotein E2 of Classical Swine Fever Virus with Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit Beta (PPP1CB). Viruses 2019; 11:v11040307. [PMID: 30934875 PMCID: PMC6521620 DOI: 10.3390/v11040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein, the major virus structural glycoprotein, is an essential component of the viral envelope. E2 is involved in virus absorption, induction of a protective immune response and is critical for virulence in swine. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB), which is part of the Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex, as a specific binding host partner for E2. We further confirmed the occurrence of this interaction in CSFV-infected swine cells by using two independent methodologies: Co-immunoprecipitation and Proximity Ligation Assay. In addition, we demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the PP1 pathway has a negative effect on CSFV replication while inhibition of the PP1 pathway or knockdown of PPP1CB by siRNA had no observed effect. Overall, our data suggests that the CSFV E2 and PPP1CB protein interact in infected cells, and that activation of the PP1 pathway decreases virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vuono
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Lauren G Holinka
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
| | - Ryan Baker-Branstetter
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
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14
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Laughlin RC, Madera R, Peres Y, Berquist BR, Wang L, Buist S, Burakova Y, Palle S, Chung CJ, Rasmussen MV, Martel E, Brake DA, Neilan JG, Lawhon SD, Adams LG, Shi J, Marcel S. Plant-made E2 glycoprotein single-dose vaccine protects pigs against classical swine fever. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:410-420. [PMID: 29993179 PMCID: PMC6335066 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) causes classical swine fever, a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever affecting both feral and domesticated pigs. Outbreaks of CSF in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America had significant adverse impacts on animal health, food security and the pig industry. The disease is generally contained by prevention of exposure through import restrictions (e.g. banning import of live pigs and pork products), localized vaccination programmes and culling of infected or at-risk animals, often at very high cost. Current CSFV-modified live virus vaccines are protective, but do not allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), a critical aspect of disease surveillance programmes. Alternatively, first-generation subunit vaccines using the viral protein E2 allow for use of DIVA diagnostic tests, but are slow to induce a protective response, provide limited prevention of vertical transmission and may fail to block viral shedding. CSFV E2 subunit vaccines from a baculovirus/insect cell system have been developed for several vaccination campaigns in Europe and Asia. However, this expression system is considered expensive for a veterinary vaccine and is not ideal for wide-spread deployment. To address the issues of scalability, cost of production and immunogenicity, we have employed an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression platform in Nicotiana benthamiana and formulated the purified antigen in novel oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants. We report the manufacturing of adjuvanted, plant-made CSFV E2 subunit vaccine. The vaccine provided complete protection in challenged pigs, even after single-dose vaccination, which was accompanied by strong virus neutralization antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Laughlin
- Department of Biological and Health SciencesTexas A&M University KingsvilleKingsvilleTXUSA
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | | | | | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Sterling Buist
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Yulia Burakova
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | | | - Chungwon J. Chung
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew YorkUSA
| | - Max V. Rasmussen
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew YorkUSA
| | - Erica Martel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationPlum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation ProgramOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - David A. Brake
- BioQuest Associates LLCPlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew YorkUSA
| | - John G. Neilan
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew YorkUSA
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - L. Garry Adams
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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15
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Li C, Zheng H, Wang Y, Dong W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Antiviral Role of IFITM Proteins in Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020126. [PMID: 30704088 PMCID: PMC6409519 DOI: 10.3390/v11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 are host effectors against a broad range of RNA viruses whose roles in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection had not yet been reported. We investigated the effect of these proteins on CSFV replication in mammalian cells. The proteins were overexpressed and silenced using lentiviruses. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the distribution of these proteins in the cells, and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between IFITMs and the CSFV endosomal pathway, including early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. IFITM1, IFITM2, or IFITM3 overexpression significantly inhibited CSFV replication, whereas protein knockdown enhanced CSFV replication. In porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), IFITM1 was mainly located at the cell surface, whereas IFITM2 and IFITM3 were mainly located in the cytoplasm. Following CSFV infection, the distribution of IFITM1 changed. IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 colocalization with Lamp1, IFITM2 with Rab5 and Rab7, and IFITM3 with Rab7 were observed in CSFV-infected cells. Collectively, these results provide insights into the possible mechanisms associated with the anti-CSFV action of the IFITM family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongqing Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | | | - Wang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yaru Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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16
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Henke J, Carlson J, Zani L, Leidenberger S, Schwaiger T, Schlottau K, Teifke JP, Schröder C, Beer M, Blome S. Protection against transplacental transmission of moderately virulent classical swine fever virus using live marker vaccine "CP7_E2alf". Vaccine 2018; 36:4181-4187. [PMID: 29895502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains as one of the most important infectious diseases of swine. While prophylactic vaccination is usually prohibited in free countries with industrialized pig production, emergency vaccination is still foreseen. In this context, marker vaccines are preferred as they can reduce the impact on trade. The live-attenuated Suvaxyn® CSF Marker vaccine by Zoetis (based on pestivirus chimera "CP7_E2alf"), was recently licensed by the European Medicines Agency. Its efficacy for the individual animal had been shown in prior studies, but questions remained regarding protection against transplacental transmission. To answer this question, a trial with eight pregnant sows and their offspring was performed as prescribed by the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Six of the sows were intramuscularly vaccinated on day 44 of gestation, while the other two remained as unvaccinated controls. All sows were challenged with the moderately virulent CSFV strain "Roesrath" and euthanized shortly before the calculated farrowing date. Sows and piglets were grossly examined and necropsied. Organs (spleen, tonsil, lymph node, and kidney), EDTA-blood and serum were collected from all animals. All samples were tested for antibodies against CSFV glycoproteins E2 and Erns as well as CSFV (virus, antigen and genome). It could be demonstrated that the vaccine complies with all requirements, i.e. no virus was found in the blood of vaccinated sows and their fetuses, and no antibodies were found in the serum of the fetuses from the vaccinated sows. All controls were valid. Thus, it was demonstrated that a single dose vaccination in the sows efficiently protected the offspring against transplacental infection with a moderately virulent CSFV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Henke
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jolene Carlson
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Zani
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Simone Leidenberger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany; Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kore Schlottau
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jens P Teifke
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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17
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Je SH, Kwon T, Yoo SJ, Lee DU, Lee S, Richt JA, Lyoo YS. Classical Swine Fever Outbreak after Modified Live LOM Strain Vaccination in Naive Pigs, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:798-800. [PMID: 29553332 PMCID: PMC5875281 DOI: 10.3201/eid2404.171319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report classical swine fever outbreaks occurring in naive pig herds on Jeju Island, South Korea, after the introduction of the LOM vaccine strain. Two isolates from sick pigs had >99% identity with the vaccine stain. LOM strain does not appear safe; its use in the vaccine should be reconsidered.
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18
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Mei Y, Yue F, Ning HM, Zhou JJ, Wang XN. Identification of the linear ligand epitope on classical swine fever virus that interacts with porcine kidney 15 cells. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81:186-191. [PMID: 28725108 PMCID: PMC5508384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Binding of the viral ligand to a specific receptor is the first step of virus entry into target cells. The envelope proteins Erns, E1, and E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are involved in the interaction with host cell receptors to mediate CSFV infection. The aim of this investigation was to identify epitopes that bind to porcine kidney (PK)-15 cells to prevent CSFV infection. Ten peptides representing Erns, E1, and E2 were synthesized. Immunohistochemical study showed that the SE24 peptide, which is derived from the E2 amino acid sequence, could effectively bind to PK-15 cells. Similarly, a flow cytometry assay demonstrated that SE24 binding to PK-15 cells could be blocked by CSFV. The binding of SE24 with PK-15 cells leads to decreased CSFV infection of PK-15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest a potential new strategy for the prevention and control of CSFV infection that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xuan-nian Wang
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Xuan-nian Wang; telephone: +86-373-3682111; fax: +86-373-3683344; e-mail:
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19
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Bohórquez JA, Defaus S, Muñoz-González S, Perez-Simó M, Rosell R, Fraile L, Sobrino F, Andreu D, Ganges L. A bivalent dendrimeric peptide bearing a T-cell epitope from foot-and-mouth disease virus protein 3A improves humoral response against classical swine fever virus. Virus Res 2017; 238:8-12. [PMID: 28571760 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three dendrimeric peptides were synthesized in order to evaluate their immunogenicity and their potential protection against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in domestic pigs. Construct 1, an optimized version of a previously used dendrimer, had four copies of a B-cell epitope derived from CSFV E2 glycoprotein connected to an also CSFV-derived T-cell epitope through maleimide instead of thioether linkages. Construct 2 was similarly built but included only two copies of the B-cell epitope, and in also bivalent construct 3 the CSFV T-cell epitope was replaced by a previously described one from the 3A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Animals were inoculated twice with a 21-day interval and challenged 15days after the second immunization. Clinical signs were recorded daily and ELISA tests were performed to detect antibodies against specific peptide and E2. The neutralising antibody response was assessed 13days after challenge. Despite the change to maleimide connectivity, only partial protection against CSFV was again observed. The best clinical protection was observed in group 3. Animals inoculated with constructs 2 and 3 showed higher anti-peptide humoral response, suggesting that two copies of the B-cell epitope are sufficient or even better than four copies for swine immune recognition. In addition, for construct 3 higher neutralizing antibody titres against CSFV were detected. Our results support the immunogenicity of the CSFV B-cell epitope and the cooperative role of the FMDV 3A T-cell epitope in inducing a neutralising response against CSFV in domestic pigs. This is also the first time that the FMDV T-cell epitope shows effectivity in improving swine immune response against a different virus. Our findings highlight the relevance of dendrimeric peptides as a powerful tool for epitope characterization and antiviral strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (DARP), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, Universidad de Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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20
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Holinka LG, O’Donnell V, Risatti GR, Azzinaro P, Arzt J, Stenfeldt C, Velazquez-Salinas L, Carlson J, Gladue DP, Borca MV. Early protection events in swine immunized with an experimental live attenuated classical swine fever marker vaccine, FlagT4G. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177433. [PMID: 28542321 PMCID: PMC5443506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination using live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines has been a very effective method to control the disease in endemic regions and during outbreaks in previously disease-free areas. These vaccines confer effective protection against the disease at early times post-vaccination although the mechanisms mediating the protection are poorly characterized. Here we present the events occurring after the administration of our in-house developed live attenuated marker vaccine, FlagT4Gv. We previously reported that FlagT4Gv intramuscular (IM) administered conferred effective protection against intranasal challenge with virulent CSFV (BICv) as early as 7 days post-vaccination. Here we report that FlagT4Gv is able to induce protection against disease as early as three days post-vaccination. Immunohistochemical testing of tissues from FlagT4Gv-inoculated animals showed that tonsils were colonized by the vaccine virus by day 3 post-inoculation. There was a complete absence of BICv in tonsils of FlagT4Gv-inoculated animals which had been intranasal (IN) challenged with BICv 3 days after FlagT4Gv infection, confirming that FlagT4Gv inoculation confers sterile immunity. Analysis of systemic levels of 19 different cytokines in vaccinated animals demonstrated an increase of IFN-α three days after FlagT4Gv inoculation compared with mock infected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Holinka
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Vivian O’Donnell
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Guillermo R. Risatti
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul Azzinaro
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jolene Carlson
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Biosecurity Research Institute and Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
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21
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Muñoz-González S, Pérez-Simó M, Colom-Cadena A, Cabezón O, Bohórquez JA, Rosell R, Pérez LJ, Marco I, Lavín S, Domingo M, Ganges L. Classical Swine Fever Virus vs. Classical Swine Fever Virus: The Superinfection Exclusion Phenomenon in Experimentally Infected Wild Boar. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149469. [PMID: 26919741 PMCID: PMC4768946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two groups with three wild boars each were used: Group A (animals 1 to 3) served as the control, and Group B (animals 4 to 6) was postnatally persistently infected with the Cat01 strain of CSFV (primary virus). The animals, six weeks old and clinically healthy, were inoculated with the virulent strain Margarita (secondary virus). For exclusive detection of the Margarita strain, a specific qRT-PCR assay was designed, which proved not to have cross-reactivity with the Cat01 strain. The wild boars persistently infected with CSFV were protected from superinfection by the virulent CSFV Margarita strain, as evidenced by the absence of clinical signs and the absence of Margarita RNA detection in serum, swabs and tissue samples. Additionally, in PBMCs, a well-known target for CSFV viral replication, only the primary infecting virus RNA (Cat01 strain) could be detected, even after the isolation in ST cells, demonstrating SIE at the tissue level in vivo. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Margarita qRT-PCR, by means of calculated ΔCt values, supported that PBMCs from persistently infected animals were substantially protected from superinfection after in vitro inoculation with the Margarita virus strain, while this virus was able to infect naive PBMCs efficiently. In parallel, IFN-α values were undetectable in the sera from animals in Group B after inoculation with the CSFV Margarita strain. Furthermore, these animals were unable to elicit adaptive humoral (no E2-specific or neutralising antibodies) or cellular immune responses (in terms of IFN-γ-producing cells) after inoculation with the second virus. Finally, a sequence analysis could not detect CSFV Margarita RNA in the samples tested from Group B. Our results suggested that the SIE phenomenon might be involved in the evolution and phylogeny of the virus, as well as in CSFV control by vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this study was one of the first showing efficient suppression of superinfection in animals, especially in the absence of IFN-α, which might be associated with the lack of innate immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andreu Colom-Cadena
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Alejandro Bohórquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi natural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignasi Marco
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals (DAAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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22
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Li H, Ning P, Lin Z, Liang W, Kang K, He L, Zhang Y. Co-expression of the C-terminal domain of Yersinia enterocolitica invasin enhances the efficacy of classical swine-fever-vectored vaccine based on human adenovirus. J Biosci 2015; 40:79-90. [PMID: 25740144 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of adenovirus vector-based vaccines is a promising approach for generating antigen-specific immune responses. Improving vaccine potency is necessary in other approaches to address their inadequate protection for the majority of infectious diseases. This study is the first to reconstruct a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus co-expressing E2 and invasin C-terminal (InvC) glycoproteins (rAd-E2-InvC). rAd-E2-InvC with 2 x 10(6) TCID50 was intramuscularly administered two times to CSFV-free pigs at 14 day intervals. No adverse clinical reactions were observed in any of the pigs after the vaccination. The CSFV E2-specific antibody titer was significantly higher in the rAd-E2-InvC group than that in the rAdV-E2 group as measured by NPLA and blocking ELISA. Pigs immunized with rAd-E2-InvC were completely protected against lethal challenge. Neither CSFV RNA nor pathological changes were detected in the tissues after CSFV challenge. These results demonstrate that rAd-E2-InvC could be an alternative to the existing CSF vaccine. Moreover, InvC that acts as an adjuvant could enhance the immunogenicity of rAdV-E2 and induce high CSFV E2-specific antibody titer and protection level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Postel A, Schmeiser S, Oguzoglu TC, Indenbirken D, Alawi M, Fischer N, Grundhoff A, Becher P. Close relationship of ruminant pestiviruses and classical Swine Fever virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:668-72. [PMID: 25811683 PMCID: PMC4378490 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (CSFV)–specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from Turkey. They differed genetically and antigenically from known Pestivirus species and were closely related to CSFV. Cross-reactions would interfere with classical swine fever diagnosis in pigs.
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Romelt M, Klingelhefer I, Konig A, Braun B, Reiner G. [Classical Swine Fever in wild boar in Rhineland-Palatinate: evaluation of the official control measures from 2005-2011]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2015; 128:507-516. [PMID: 26697717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the control strategy for fighting Classical Swine Fever in wild boar in Rhineland-Palatinate from 2005 to 2011 and evaluates its effectiveness. The official control measures were based on the following three main pillars:--Serological and virological monitoring: By means of serological monitoring Classical Swine Fever outbreaks could be detected very early. Increasing antibody prevalences indicated an imminent Classical Swine Fever outbreak. This could be confirmed by the virological investigations. The geographical evaluations of the virological investigations showed that the outbreaks occurred only in localized areas and a spreading of the virus had not taken place yet or could be prevented.--Oral immunization: After virological detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus oral immunization was started immediately. This oral immunization achieved antibody prevalence rates of 57% on an average. The analysis of the distribution of the antibodies in the vaccination areas concerning the different age groups in the vaccination areas showed that 41% of the young animals, 66% of animals from one to two years and 77% of the adult animals were immunized.--Hunting measures: For the reduction of the wild boar population an all-year, intensive hunt with special attention to the young animals and the female animals was carried out. The hunting bag increased on more than 80 000 wild boar per hunting season. Out of the total 108,772 hunted wild boar were 47% of young animals, 40% of animals from one to two years and 13% of adult animals. Concerning the gender distribution on an average 53% female and 47% male animals were shot. in summary, the current control strategy was effective because there had been no further proof of Classical Swine Fever in wild boar in Rhineland-Palatinate since 2009. Nevertheless, the fight strategy can be optimized even further. For an optimum monitoring the development of a marker vaccine which allows a differentiation of field antibody and vaccination antibody is desirable. The oral immunization would have to be improved in such a way that also the young wild boar can take up increasingly vaccination bait and raise antibody. The introduction of another vaccination in winter should be considered to the preservation of the high level of antibody prevalence.
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25
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Li S, Feng S, Wang JH, He WR, Qin HY, Dong H, Li LF, Yu SX, Li Y, Qiu HJ. eEF1A Interacts with the NS5A Protein and Inhibits the Growth of Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2015; 7:4563-81. [PMID: 26266418 PMCID: PMC4576194 DOI: 10.3390/v7082833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The NS5A protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is involved in the RNA synthesis and viral replication. However, the NS5A-interacting cellular proteins engaged in the CSFV replication are poorly defined. Using yeast two-hybrid screen, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) was identified to be an NS5A-binding partner. The NS5A-eEF1A interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown and laser confocal microscopy assays. The domain I of eEF1A was shown to be critical for the NS5A-eEF1A interaction. Overexpression of eEF1A suppressed the CSFV growth markedly, and conversely, knockdown of eEF1A enhanced the CSFV replication significantly. Furthermore, eEF1A, as well as NS5A, was found to reduce the translation efficiency of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of CSFV in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay. Streptavidin pulldown assay revealed that eEF1A could bind to the CSFV IRES. Collectively, our results suggest that eEF1A interacts with NS5A and negatively regulates the growth of CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing-Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Wen-Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hua-Yang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shao-Xiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhu S, Guo X, Keyes LR, Yang H, Ge X. Recombinant Encephalomyocarditis Viruses Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies against PRRSV and CSFV in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129729. [PMID: 26076449 PMCID: PMC4468123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is capable of infecting a wide range of species and the infection can cause myocarditis and reproductive failure in pigs as well as febrile illness in human beings. In this study, we introduced the entire ORF5 of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or the neutralization epitope regions in the E2 gene of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), into the genome of a stably attenuated EMCV strain, T1100I. The resultant viable recombinant viruses, CvBJC3m/I-ΔGP5 and CvBJC3m/I-E2, respectively expressed partial PRRSV envelope protein GP5 or CSFV neutralization epitope A1A2 along with EMCV proteins. These heterologous proteins fused to the N-terminal of the nonstructural leader protein could be recognized by anti-GP5 or anti-E2 antibody. We also tested the immunogenicity of these fusion proteins by immunizing BALB/c mice with the recombinant viruses. The immunized animals elicited neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV and CSFV. Our results suggest that EMCV can be engineered as an expression vector and serve as a tool in the development of novel live vaccines in various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa R. Keyes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XG), (HY)
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XG), (HY)
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Franzoni G, Kurkure NV, Essler SE, Pedrera M, Everett HE, Bodman-Smith KB, Crooke HR, Graham SP. Proteome-wide screening reveals immunodominance in the CD8 T cell response against classical swine fever virus with antigen-specificity dependent on MHC class I haplotype expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84246. [PMID: 24376799 PMCID: PMC3871537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccines induces a rapid onset of protection which has been associated with virus-specific CD8 T cell IFN-γ responses. In this study, we assessed the specificity of this response, by screening a peptide library spanning the CSFV C-strain vaccine polyprotein to identify and characterise CD8 T cell epitopes. Synthetic peptides were pooled to represent each of the 12 CSFV proteins and used to stimulate PBMC from four pigs rendered immune to CSFV by C-strain vaccination and subsequently challenged with the virulent Brescia strain. Significant IFN-γ expression by CD8 T cells, assessed by flow cytometry, was induced by peptide pools representing the core, E2, NS2, NS3 and NS5A proteins. Dissection of these antigenic peptide pools indicated that, in each instance, a single discrete antigenic peptide or pair of overlapping peptides was responsible for the IFN-γ induction. Screening and titration of antigenic peptides or truncated derivatives identified the following antigenic regions: core₂₄₁₋₂₅₅ PESRKKLEKALLAWA and NS3₁₉₀₂₋₁₉₁₂ VEYSFIFLDEY, or minimal length antigenic peptides: E2₉₉₆₋₁₀₀₃ YEPRDSYF, NS2₁₂₂₃₋₁₂₃₀ STVTGIFL and NS5A₃₀₇₀₋₃₀₇₈ RVDNALLKF. The epitopes are highly conserved across CSFV strains and variable sequence divergence was observed with related pestiviruses. Characterisation of epitope-specific CD8 T cells revealed evidence of cytotoxicity, as determined by CD107a mobilisation, and a significant proportion expressed TNF-α in addition to IFN-γ. Finally, the variability in the antigen-specificity of these immunodominant CD8 T cell responses was confirmed to be associated with expression of distinct MHC class I haplotypes. Moreover, recognition of NS₁₂₂₃₋₁₂₃₀ STVTGIFL and NS3₁₉₀₂₋₁₉₁₂ VEYSFIFLDEY by a larger group of C-strain vaccinated animals showed that these peptides could be restricted by additional haplotypes. Thus the antigenic regions and epitopes identified represent attractive targets for evaluation of their vaccine potential against CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franzoni
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbial & Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin V. Kurkure
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India
| | - Sabine E. Essler
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Pedrera
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Everett
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Kikki B. Bodman-Smith
- Department of Microbial & Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R. Crooke
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Graham
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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28
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Liao YC, Lin HH, Lin CH, Chung WB. Identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on swine viruses: multi-epitope design for universal T cell vaccine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84443. [PMID: 24358361 PMCID: PMC3866179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are the primary diseases affecting the pig industry globally. Vaccine induced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response might be long-lived and cross-serotype and thus deserve further attention. Although large panels of synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire length of the polyproteins of a virus facilitate the detection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, it is an exceedingly costly and cumbersome approach. Alternatively, computational predictions have been proven to be of satisfactory accuracy and are easily performed. Such a method enables the systematic identification of genome-wide CTL epitopes by incorporating epitope prediction tools in analyzing large numbers of viral sequences. In this study, we have implemented an integrated bioinformatics pipeline for the identification of CTL epitopes of swine viruses including the CSF virus (CSFV), FMD virus (FMDV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) and assembled these epitopes on a web resource to facilitate vaccine design. Identification of epitopes for cross protections to different subtypes of virus are also reported in this study and may be useful for the development of a universal vaccine against such viral infections among the swine population. The CTL epitopes identified in this study have been evaluated in silico and possibly provide more and wider protection in compared to traditional single-reference vaccine design. The web resource is free and open to all users through http://sb.nhri.org.tw/ICES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Liao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Huang YL, Pang VF, Deng MC, Chang CY, Jeng CR. Porcine circovirus type 2 decreases the infection and replication of attenuated classical swine fever virus in porcine alveolar macrophages. Res Vet Sci 2013; 96:187-95. [PMID: 24370262 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been noted that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection adversely affects the protective efficacy of Lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), in pigs. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms of the PCV2-derived interference, an in vitro model was established to study the interaction of LPC virus (LPCV) and PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs). The results showed that PCV2 reduced the LPCV infection in AMs and the levels of PCV2-derived interference were dose-dependent. The PCV2-derived interference also reduced the replication level of LPCV in AMs. The full-length PCV2 DNA and its fragment DNA C9 CpG-ODN were involved in the reduction of LPCV infection in AMs, whereas UV-inactivated PCV2 was not. In addition, a moderate negative correlation between the LPCV antigen-containing rate and IFN-γ production was observed, and had a dose-dependent trend with the level of PCV2-inoculation. The results of the present study may partially explain how PCV2 infection interferes with the efficacy of LPC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Huang
- Division of Hog Cholera Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tansui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Deng
- Division of Hog Cholera Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tansui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Chang
- Division of Hog Cholera Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 376, Chung-Cheng Rd., Tansui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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30
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Rossi S, Doucelin A, Le Potier MF, Eraud C, Gilot-Fromont E. Innate immunity correlates with host fitness in wild boar (Sus scrofa) exposed to classical swine fever. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79706. [PMID: 24260286 PMCID: PMC3832544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive humoral immunity (CHI) is thought to be a first-line of protection against pathogens invading vertebrate hosts. However, clear evidence that CHI correlates with host fitness in natural conditions is still lacking. This study explores the relationship between CHI, measured using a haemagglutination-haemolysis assay (HAHL), and resistance to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) among wild boar piglets. The individual dynamics of HAHL during piglet growth was analysed, using 423 serum samples from 92 piglets repeatedly captured in the absence of CSFV (in 2006) within two areas showing contrasting food availability. Natural antibody levels increased with age, but, in the youngest piglets antibody levels were higher in individuals from areas with the highest food availability. Complement activity depended on natural antibody levels and piglets' body condition. In the presence of CSFV (i.e., in 2005 within one area), serum samples from piglets that were repeatedly captured were used to assess whether piglet HAHL levels affected CSFV status at a later capture. The correlation between CHI and resistance to CSFV was tested using 79 HAHL measures from 23 piglets captured during a CSFV outbreak. Both natural antibodies and complement activity levels measured at a given time correlated negatively to the subsequent probability of becoming viremic. Finally, capture-mark-recapture models showed that piglets with medium/high average complement activity, independently of their age, were significantly less at risk of becoming viremic and more likely to develop a specific immune response than piglets with low complement activity. Additionally, piglets with high average complement activity showed the highest survival prospects. This study provides evidence linking CHI to individual fitness within a natural mammal population. The results also highlight the potential of HAHL assays to explore the dynamics and co-evolution between wildlife mammal hosts and blood-borne parasites interacting with the CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rossi
- Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage, unité sanitaire de la faune, Gap, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anaïs Doucelin
- Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage, unité sanitaire de la faune, Gap, France
| | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Unité de virologie et immunologie porcine, Ploufragan, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage, CNERA avifaune migratrice, Chizé, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro-Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558 – LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
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Blome S, Gabriel C, Beer M. [Possibilities and limitations in veterinary vaccine development using the example of classical swine fever]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2013; 126:481-490. [PMID: 24511823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of vaccines is still one of the most effective tools to control infectious diseases. Up to now, conventional vaccines are employed in the majority of cases. Drawbacks of these established vaccines include the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA or marker strategy), limitations in the efficacy spectrum, and constraints and restrictions in production. For this reason, new vaccines, which do not show these disadvantages, are under development, especially for notifiable diseases such as classical swine fever (CSF). In principle, the following modern vaccine types can be differentiated: recombinant attenuated vaccines, recombinant inactivated vaccines or subunit vaccines, vector vaccines, and DNA/ RNA vaccines. During the last years, especially attenuated deletion vaccines or chimeric constructs have shown potential. Under field conditions, all marker vaccines have to be accompanied by a potent test system. Particularly this point often shows weaknesses. Alternative vaccine candidates are so far only prototypes and licensing is only a medium term possibility. Moreover, most of these vaccines are genetically engineered and can be problematic in terms of licensing and the public's acceptance. In conclusion, conventional vaccines still present the standard, especially in terms of efficacy. Yet, only vaccines with DIVA properties are feasible for the control of CSF. Thus, development and assessment of alternative vaccines is of paramount importance. The present overview summarizes concepts and vaccine types using the example of classical swine fever. It also recapitulates their advantages and disadvantages as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blome
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Greifswald - Insel Riems
| | - Claudia Gabriel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Greifswald - Insel Riems
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Greifswald - Insel Riems
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Staubach C, Höreth-Böntgen D, Blome S, Fröhlich A, Blicke J, Jahn B, Teuffert J, Kramers M. [Descriptive summary of the classical swine fever control in wild boar in Germany since 2005]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2013; 126:491-499. [PMID: 24511824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar repeatedly appeared in different federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1995, from which it has been successfully eradicated sometimes fast, sometimes in a more time taking way using oral immunization as a main element of control. Since 2005 the cases focused solely on North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate. In the present study, therefore, the situation of CSF in wild boar has been closely investigated concerning the period 2005 to 2012 in these two regions. It is noteworthy that in this period two different variants of the virus subtype 2.3 occurred in two regionally defined areas of the "Eifel" and "Westerwald" as well as in the "Pfalz". The two Federal States have undertaken extensive oral vaccination campaigns and surveillance activities, which enabled an assessment of the existing virus prevalence and serological prevalence in the different regions. After an initial high serological prevalence, caused probably by interaction of infection and vaccination, the serological levels stabilized seasonally adjusted in a range from 50 to 60% in almost all areas. The vaccination campaigns have been maintained by both Federal States over a period of at least 2.5 years after virus has been detected for the last time. In consequence Germany as a whole has been recognized for the first time to be officially free from CSF in wild boar. By genotyping of virus isolates it has been demonstrated that the virus changed over time and played a role in the outbreak area "Westerwald".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Blome
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Greifswald - Insel Riems
| | - Andreas Fröhlich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Epidemiologie, Wusterhausen
| | - Julia Blicke
- Ministerium für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Ernährung, Weinbau und Forsten, Mainz
| | - Birgit Jahn
- Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW, Recklinghausen
| | - Jürgen Teuffert
- Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW, Recklinghausen
| | - Matthias Kramers
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Epidemiologie, Wusterhausen
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Dietze K, Milicevic V, Depner K. Prospects of improved classical swine fever control in backyard pigs through oral vaccination. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2013; 126:476-480. [PMID: 24511822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Success in controlling classical swine fever (CSF) in regions with high proportions of pigs kept in small scale and low-biosecurity production systems, often referred to as backyard production, tends to be hampered by the lack of control strategies properly addressing the peculiarities of this epidemiologically important subpopulation. Under many circumstances the commonly practiced parenteral immunisation using live attenuated C-strain vaccine shows limitations concerning outreach of services and overall vaccination coverage in the backyard pig population. It is therefore proposed to stronger consider oral vaccine baits, as used for CSF control in wild boar, to complement the set of tools for CSF control in domestic pigs. First field results confirm the feasibility of its practical implementation. Next to the increased flexibility in the delivery to the end user, this non-invasive method comes along with the advantage of reducing the need for direct animal contact and biosecurity-relevant interventions that might cause the spread of diseases through vaccination campaigns entailing external personnel entering farm premises. In combination with epidemiological methods suitable for this production sector like e.g. participatory epidemiology, adapted CSF control strategies can better support the needs of small scale farmers and ultimately contribute to household food security for a large number of stakeholders that will have backyard pig production as a reality for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Dietze
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna Milicevic
- Institute of veterinary medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Klaus Depner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
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Python S, Gerber M, Suter R, Ruggli N, Summerfield A. Efficient sensing of infected cells in absence of virus particles by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is blocked by the viral ribonuclease E(rns.). PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003412. [PMID: 23785283 PMCID: PMC3681750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been shown to efficiently sense HCV- or HIV-infected cells, using a virion-free pathway. Here, we demonstrate for classical swine fever virus, a member of the Flaviviridae, that this process is much more efficient in terms of interferon-alpha induction when compared to direct stimulation by virus particles. By employment of virus replicon particles or infectious RNA which can replicate but not form de novo virions, we exclude a transfer of virus from the donor cell to the pDC. pDC activation by infected cells was mediated by a contact-dependent RNA transfer to pDC, which was sensitive to a TLR7 inhibitor. This was inhibited by drugs affecting the cytoskeleton and membrane cholesterol. We further demonstrate that a unique viral protein with ribonuclease activity, the viral Erns protein of pestiviruses, efficiently prevented this process. This required intact ribonuclease function in intracellular compartments. We propose that this pathway of activation could be of particular importance for viruses which tend to be mostly cell-associated, cause persistent infection, and are non-cytopathogenic. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) represent the most potent producers of interferon type I and are therefore of major importance in antiviral defences. A TLR7-dependent induction of interferon-α in pDC by infected cells in the absence of virions has been demonstrated for hepatitis C virus. Here, we show that this pathway is also very efficient for classical swine fever virus, a pestivirus that is also a member of the Flaviviridae. Our data indicate a transfer of RNA from the donor cell to pDC in a cell-contact-dependent manner requiring intact lipid rafts and cytoskeleton of the donor cell. Importantly, we demonstrate that the enigmatic viral Erns protein unique to pestiviruses efficiently prevents this pathway of pDC activation. This novel function of Erns is dependent on its RNase activity within intracellular compartments. The present study underlines the importance of pDC activation by infected cells and identifies a novel pathway of virus escaping the interferon system. Considering that Erns is required for pestiviruses to establish persistent infection of foetuses after transplacental virus transmission resulting in the development of immunotolerant animals, this report also points on a possible role of pDC in preventing immunotolerance after viral infection of foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Python
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Suter
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (NR); (AS)
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (NR); (AS)
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35
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Hou X, Tian H, Wu J, Tao J, Chen Y, Yin S, Zhang K, Shang Y, Liu X. Real-time analysis of the interaction of a multiple-epitope peptide with antibodies against classical swine fever virus using surface plasmon resonance. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:221-7. [PMID: 22634031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The E2 envelope glycoprotein is the major immunodominant protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and can induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immune responses in infected swine. We developed a tandem-repeat multiple-epitope recombinant protein that contains two copies of each of the regions of E2 spanned by residues 693-704, 770-780, and 826-843, coupled by two copies of the region spanned by residues 1446-1460 of the CSFV nonstructural protein NS2-3. The chemically synthesized gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with glutathione S-8 (GST), named GST-BT21. After it was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B, we used Western blotting to characterize the construct and surface plasmon resonance to analyze its affinity and specific interaction with CSFV-positive serum. Purified GST-BT21 protein displayed excellent immunoreactivity with antiserum against CSFV (Tian et al., 2012), and surface plasmon resonance confirmed the specific affinity between BT21, but not GST, and antibodies in serum from animals infected with CSFV. Surface plasmon resonance is a sensitive and precise method for epitope evaluation, and it can be used to characterize the immunogenicity and functions of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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Sakoda Y, Wakamoto H, Tamura T, Nomura T, Naito M, Aoki H, Morita H, Kida H, Fukusho A. Development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a screening test to detect antibodies against classical swine fever virus. Jpn J Vet Res 2012; 60:85-94. [PMID: 23094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for a screening test to detect antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Viral glycoproteins, which were purified from swine kidney cells infected with CSFV ALD/A76 strain by the immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody against E2 protein, were adsorbed on a microtiter plate as the antigen for the antibody detection. Each antibody titer of serum sample was expressed as a sample per positive value calculated with optical absorbance of each sample and that of a positive control. The advantage of this ELISA is its higher sensitivity: most sera containing more than 4 neutralization titers were determined to be positive. This ELISA is unable to discriminate between antibodies against CSFV and those against other ruminant pestiviruses, therefore positive sera in this ELISA should be evaluated by a cross-neutralization test using CSFV, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and border disease virus. Taken together, the indirect ELISA developed in this study is useful screening tool to detect antibodies against CSFV for the large-scale monitoring of classical swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Sarma DK, Kashyap N, Deka P, Medhi P, Roychoudhury P. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against a local isolate of classical swine fever virus. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:459-463. [PMID: 22822524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a classical swine fever virus (CSFV; subgenogroup 1:1) isolate from Assam, India were produced and characterized. Four fusions of myeloma cells (SP2/0Ag) were made with spleenocytes of 8-10 weeks old BALB/C mice immunized with the viral antigen. Several hybridoma clones secreting antibodies to the virus were obtained after four fusions, but five hybridoma clones secreting antibody specific to the virus could be stabilized. All the mAbs belong to the IgG2a isotype. Except one, none of the four mAbs showed cross reaction with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and border disease virus (BDV). One mAb showed cross reaction with BDV. All the four mAbs specific to CSFV showed reactivity with the parental virus in immunoperoxidase test (IPT) and with a single protein band (molecular weight 55 kD approximately) of the virus in western blotting. In neutralization peroxidase linked assay (NPLA) all the mAbs reacted with 13 CSFV local isolates as well as with the cell culture adapted lapinized vaccine virus strain belonging to the subgenogroup 1:1. This is the first report on production and characterization of mAbs against CSFV in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Sarma
- National Fellow Project Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781 022, India.
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Zhuge ZY, Zhu YH, Liu PQ, Yan XD, Yue Y, Weng XG, Zhang R, Wang JF. Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of porcine PBMC stimulated with PRRSV or CSFV. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29320. [PMID: 22253710 PMCID: PMC3253776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×10(4) TCID(50)/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10(3) TCID(50)/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yu Zhuge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan-Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Graham SP, Everett HE, Haines FJ, Johns HL, Sosan OA, Salguero FJ, Clifford DJ, Steinbach F, Drew TW, Crooke HR. Challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after C-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29310. [PMID: 22235283 PMCID: PMC3250419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-emptive culling is becoming increasingly questioned as a means of controlling animal diseases, including classical swine fever (CSF). This has prompted discussions on the use of emergency vaccination to control future CSF outbreaks in domestic pigs. Despite a long history of safe use in endemic areas, there is a paucity of data on aspects important to emergency strategies, such as how rapidly CSFV vaccines would protect against transmission, and if this protection is equivalent for all viral genotypes, including highly divergent genotype 3 strains. To evaluate these questions, pigs were vaccinated with the Riemser® C-strain vaccine at 1, 3 and 5 days prior to challenge with genotype 2.1 and 3.3 challenge strains. The vaccine provided equivalent protection against clinical disease caused by for the two challenge strains and, as expected, protection was complete at 5 days post-vaccination. Substantial protection was achieved after 3 days, which was sufficient to prevent transmission of the 3.3 strain to animals in direct contact. Even by one day post-vaccination approximately half the animals were partially protected, and were able to control the infection, indicating that a reduction of the infectious potential is achieved very rapidly after vaccination. There was a close temporal correlation between T cell IFN-γ responses and protection. Interestingly, compared to responses of animals challenged 5 days after vaccination, challenge of animals 3 or 1 days post-vaccination resulted in impaired vaccine-induced T cell responses. This, together with the failure to detect a T cell IFN-γ response in unprotected and unvaccinated animals, indicates that virulent CSFV can inhibit the potent antiviral host defences primed by C-strain in the early period post vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Graham
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Everett
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity J. Haines
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Johns
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Olubukola A. Sosan
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Pathology and Host Susceptibility Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Clifford
- Specialist Scientific Services, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Drew
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R. Crooke
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Matthaeus W. Differences in reaction behaviour of structural polypeptides of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with antisera against BVDV and hog cholera virus (HCV). Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 28:126-32. [PMID: 6269332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Matthaeus W. Analysis of soluble bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigens and serological relationship to virus structural glycoproteins. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 27:734-41. [PMID: 6261488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Remond M, Plateau E, Cruciere C. In vitro study of the cellular response of pigs vaccinated against classical swine fever. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 28:743-8. [PMID: 7342581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease in pigs. The highly conserved epitope TAVSPTTLR on the glycoprotein E2 was shown to be suitable for differentiation of CSFV from other pestiviruses. In this study, we found that swine CSFV antisera contained TAVSPTTLR-related rather than TAVSPTTLR-specific CSFV antibodies. The CSFV antisera reacted only to some extent with a synthetic TAVSPTTLR-containing peptide, but inhibited the binding of TAVSPTTLR-specific antibodies to the viral antigen. Since chimeric antigens containing TAVSPTTLR tetramers or hexamers were recognized by the swine CSFV antisera, such antigens could be potentially applied to the detection of CSFV antibodies. These results might be helpful in designing a TAVSPTTLR epitope-based CSFV vaccine and a corresponding serological test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qi
- Department of Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Kaden V, Lange E, Nagel-Kohl U, Bruer W. Meat juice as diagnostic sample for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2009; 116:173-179. [PMID: 19462640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to assess if meat juice is a suitable substrate for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (CSF). Fifty-six domestic pigs and 21 wild boars experimentally vaccinated and/or infected as well as 129 field samples from wild boars were involved in this study. Meat juice from diaphragm, forequarter and hindquarter was used for investigations. CSFV and viral RNA were detected in meat juice between days 5 and 21 post infection (pi). Animals which had survived the infection were diagnosed virologically negative and antibody-positive in muscle fluid. After vaccination or vaccination and subsequent infection of animals (n = 42), meat juice samples scored serologically positive. The antibody titres of these samples were significantly lower than in serum. Serological investigations of field samples derived from wild boars (n = 75) shot in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania showed a clear correlation between the antibody-positive samples in serum and in meat juice, whereas the serological results of meat juice samples (n = 54) from wild boars collected in Lower Saxony were slightly different. The reasons for these differences are discussed. Nevertheless, meat juice seems to be a suitable substrate for CSF diagnosis, especially for wild boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kaden
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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Sun Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Li N, Li H, Liang B, Qiu H. [A prime-boost vaccination strategy using a Semliki Forest virus replicon vectored DNA vaccine followed by a recombinant adenovirus protects pigs from classical swine fever]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2009; 25:679-685. [PMID: 19670635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have previously evaluated a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vectored DNA vaccine (pSFV1CS2-E2) and a recombinant adenovirus (rAdV-E2) expressing the E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in pigs. The results showed that the immunized pigs were protected from virulent challenge, but few pigs showed short-term fever and occasional pathological changes following virulent challenge. To enhance the immunogenecity of the vaccines, we tried a prime-boost vaccination strategy using a combination of prime with pSFV1CS2-E2 followed by boost with rAdV-E2. The results showed that all the immunized pigs developed high-level CSFV-specific antibodies following prime-boost immunization. When challenged with virulent CSFV, the immunized pigs (n = 5) from the heterologous boost group showed no clinical symptoms, and CSFV RNA was not detected following challenge, whereas one of five pigs from the homologous boost group developed short-term fever and CSFV RNA was detected. This demonstrates that the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime has the potential to prevent against virulent challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
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Kostina LV, Nepoklonov EA, Zaberezhnyĭ AD, Iuzhakov AG, Kozlov IA. [Epitope mapping of antigenic determinants of E2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus using synthetic peptides]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 2009:26-31. [PMID: 19705780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epitope mapping of the major envelope glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is important for our understanding of E2 and also for development of the CSFV-specific diagnostic assays and epitope- or peptide-based marker vaccines. Previous competitive binding studies showed that monoclonal antibodies raised against E2 protein of CSFV detected 8 individual epitopes. At the present study using a set of synthetic peptides covering the full sequences of E2 glycoprotein five linear non-overlap B-cells epitopes were identified. The identified sequences of 12 strains of the CSFV and 5 other pestiviruses were aligned. The data obtained could be useful for improvement of the CSFV diagnostic systems and studies of amino acid substitutions and their influence on antigenic properties of the CSFV E2 protein.
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[The Netherlands is ready to fight classical swine fever through vaccination]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2009; 134:20-1. [PMID: 19256216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Shi ZX, Sun JF, Guo HC, Tu CC. [Expression profiles of apoptotic genes of pig peripheral blood leukocytes caused by classical swine fever virus infection]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2008; 24:456-463. [PMID: 19226955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious swine disease charactered by hemorrhagic fever and leukopenia,usually leading to substantial economic losses. To obtain a insight of leucopenia caused by CSFV infection, DNA microarray analyses of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of the infected pigs was performed. Three health pigs were inoculated with a lethal dose of CSFV Shimen strain and their PBLs were isolated when the onset of typical clinical signs and then subjected to total RNA extraction followed by microarray analysis with Affymetrix Porcine Genome Array GeneChips. The results showed that the significant differences were observed in cellular apoptotic genes expression at 7 days post-infection (p. i.). The changes of the genes expression were confirmed by real time RT-PCR of some selected apoptosis-related genes. This study provided a valuable information for further investigating the molecular mechanism of apoptosis caused by CSFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xue Shi
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
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Kostina LV, Nepoklonov EA, Zaberezhnyĭ AD, Valikhov AF, Kozlov AI. [Preparation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to protein E2 (GP55) of classical hog cholera virus]. Vopr Virusol 2008; 53:36-40. [PMID: 19069792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to proteins of classical swine virus (CSFV) were obtained by fusion of AS2/0 murine myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice. The recombinant E2 glycoprotein of CSFV and the gradient-purified CSFV strain Shimen were used as an antigen for immunization. Twenty-four hybridomas produced MAbs of class IgG and four hybridomas did MAbs of class IgM. All MAbs were specific for E2 protein of CSFV. Competitive enzyme immunoassay showed that MAbs detected 8 epitopes on protein E2.
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Wang YH, Li PH, Zhang MT, Zhang YM. [Construction of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing E0 gene of classical swine fever virus shimen strain and the animal immunity experiment]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2008; 24:59-63. [PMID: 18320824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The CSFV E0 gene was amplified from the plasmid pMD18-T-E0 by PCR and cloned into the FPV-P11 and FPV-pSY. The identified recombinant DNA was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) to package Fowlpox virus. E0 gene was confirmed to be integrated into the genome of recombinant Fowlpox virus by PCR, and Western blot was employed for detection of E0 expression in the chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with recombinant Fowlpox virus . The results of ELISA showed that systemic immune response to CSFV could be induced effectively after the mice were immunized three times with recombinant Fowlpox virus through celiac route, the titer of antibody was 1 : 4096. The protection experiment showed that 75% of piglets immunized three times with recombinant Fowlpox virus were survived, indicating that the recombinant Fowlpox virus was effective. This paper lays foundation for the study of CSFV live vector vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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