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Wu L, Ying M, Ye Y, Wang D, Chen C, Liu C. Correlation of meniscus tear type with synovial inflammation and the therapeutic potential of docosapentaenoic acid. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:375. [PMID: 38734632 PMCID: PMC11088038 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovitis, characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, is commonly induced by meniscus tears. However, significant differences in inflammatory responses and the key inflammatory mediators of synovium induced by different types of meniscal tears remain unclear. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to identify the type of meniscus tear, and the quantification of synovial inflammation was assessed through H&E staining assay. Transcription and expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated using bioinformatics, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and IHC of CD68 staining assays. The therapeutic potential of Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) was determined through network pharmacology, ELISA, and RT-qPCR assays. The safety of DPA was assessed using colony formation and EdU staining assays. RESULTS The results indicate that both IL-1β and IL-6 play pivotal roles in synovitis pathogenesis, with distinct expression levels across various subtypes. Among tested meniscus tears, oblique tear and bucket handle tear induced the most severe inflammation, followed by radial tear and longitudinal tear, while horizontal tear resulted in the least inflammation. Furthermore, in synovial inflammation induced by specific meniscus tears, the anterior medial tissues exhibited significantly higher local inflammation than the anterior lateral and suprapatellar regions, highlighting the clinical relevance and practical guidance of anterior medial tissues' inflammatory levels. Additionally, we identified the essential omega-3 fatty acid DPA as a potential therapeutic agent for synovitis, demonstrating efficacy in blocking the transcription and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 with minimal side effects. CONCLUSION These findings provide valuable insights into the nuanced nature of synovial inflammation induced by various meniscal tear classifications and contribute to the development of new adjunctive therapeutic agents in the management of synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Ming Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yiheng Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chengwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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2
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Brito M, Sorbier C, Mignet N, Boudy V, Borchard G, Vacher G. Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4099. [PMID: 38612907 PMCID: PMC11012607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial ocular pathology that destroys the photoreceptors of the macula. Two forms are distinguished, dry and wet AMD, with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although treatments were shown to be effective in wet AMD, they remain a heavy burden for patients and caregivers, resulting in a lack of patient compliance. For dry AMD, no real effective treatment is available in Europe. It is, therefore, essential to look for new approaches. Recently, the use of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was identified as an interesting new therapeutic alternative. Indeed, the levels of these fatty acids, core components of photoreceptors, are significantly decreased in AMD patients. To better understand this pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of various molecules, in vitro and in vivo models reproducing the mechanisms of both types of AMD were developed. This article reviews the anatomy and the physiological aging of the retina and summarizes the clinical aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms of AMD and potential treatment strategies. In vitro and in vivo models of AMD are also presented. Finally, this manuscript focuses on the application of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of both types of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlis Brito
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Sorbier
- Unither Développement Bordeaux, Avenue Toussaint Catros, 33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département de Recherche et Développement (DRDP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 Rue du Fer-à-Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Rheims S, Herbillon V, Gaillard S, Mercier C, Villeuve N, Villéga F, Cances C, Castelnau P, Napuri S, de Saint‐Martin A, Auvin S, Nguyen The Tich S, Berquin P, de Bellecize J, Milh M, Roy P, Arzimanoglou A, Bodennec J, Bezin L, Kassai B. Phosphatidylserine enriched with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid supplementation for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:582-591. [PMID: 38173190 PMCID: PMC10984292 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent comorbidity in children with epilepsy, which management mostly relies on the usual treatments of ADHD, especially methylphenidate. Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach in ADHD without epilepsy but has never been evaluated in epilepsy-associated ADHD. METHODS A multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA, in eicosapentaenoic- and docosahexaenoic-acid form, conjugated to a phospholipid vector (PS-Omega3) in children aged >6 and <16-years old, and suffering from any type of epilepsy and ADHD (inattentive or combined type) according to DSM-V. After a 4-week baseline period, patients were allocated (1:1) either to placebo group or to PS-Omega 3 group and entered a 12 week-double-blind treatment period which was followed by a 12 week-open-label treatment period. The primary outcome was the reduction of the ADHD-rating scale IV attention-deficit subscore after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants and the expected sample size was not reached. Seventy-four patients were randomized, 44 in PS-Omega3, and 30 in the placebo group. The reduction after 12 weeks of treatment in the inattention subscore of the ADHD-IV scale was -1.57 in the PS-Omega3 group, and -2.90 in the placebo group (p = 0.33, α = 5%). Results were similar after 24 weeks of treatment and for all other ADHD-related secondary outcomes, with no difference between placebo and PS-Omega3. CONCLUSION Our study remaining underpowered, no formal conclusion about the effect of Ps-Omega3 could be drawn. However, our data strongly suggested that the PS-Omega 3 formulation used in the current study did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed in ADHD but has never been evaluated in patients with both epilepsy and ADHD. To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA in children with epilepsy and ADHD. The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants, hampering formal conclusion. However, the evolution of the ADHD symptoms at 12 and 24 weeks did not differ between placebo and PUFA supplementation, strongly suggesting that PUFA did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and EpileptologyHospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Ségolène Gaillard
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, AP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University HospitalCRMR Épilepsies Rares, EpiCARE MemberParisFrance
- INSERM NeuroDiderotUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Julitta de Bellecize
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAPHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pascal Roy
- Department of BiostatisticsHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jacques Bodennec
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique‐Santé, CNRS, UMR 5558Lyon 1 UniversityVilleurbanneFrance
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Zhang Y, Zhang E, Hou L, Lu H, Guo T, Wang R, Wang Y, Xing M. Assessing and mitigating foodborne acetochlor exposure induced ileum toxicity in broiler chicks: The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and molecular pathways analysis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 199:105761. [PMID: 38458672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Excessive acetochlor residues present ecological and food safety challenges. Here, broiler chicks were exposed to varied acetochlor doses to first assess its effects on the gut. Subsequent dietary supplementation with omega-3 was used to assess its anti-contamination effects. Pathologically, acetochlor induced notable ileal lesions including inflammation, barrier disruption, tight junction loss, and cellular anomalies. Mechanistically, acetochlor stimulated the TNFα/TNFR1 and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways, promoting RIPK1/RIPK3 complex formation, MLKL phosphorylation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Caspase-1 activation, and GSDMD shearing with inflammatory factor release. These mechanisms elucidate ileal cell death patterns essential for understanding chicken enteritis. Omega-3 supplementation showed promise in mitigating inflammation, though its precise counteractive role remains unclear. Our findings suggest early omega-3 intervention offered protective benefits against acetochlor's adverse intestinal effects, emphasizing its potential poultry health management role. Harnessing dietary interventions' therapeutic potential will be pivotal in ensuring sustainable poultry production and food safety despite persistent environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Enyu Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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5
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Nishiyama T, Kusakabe M, Imanishi I, Hisano T, Fukamachi T, Taguchi N, Iyori K, Hsiao YH. A randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial to determine the efficacy of combined therapy of oclacitinib and marine oil extract PCSO-524 in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:523-531. [PMID: 37485602 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can be beneficial in the management of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). A commercial product PCSO-524 containing PUFA has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of PCSO-524, in combination with oclacitinib in dogs with cAD. ANIMALS Seventeen client-owned dogs with cAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial. All dogs were treated with oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg) twice a day for 14 days, then once a day until Day (D)42. They were randomly divided into two groups: PCSO-524 (n = 9) and sunflower oil (n = 8). Clinical status was assessed by Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) at baseline (D0), D14, D28 and D42. Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured at the same time points. RESULTS CADESI scores decreased significantly after treatment and there was a significant difference between the PCSO-524 and the control group at D28 (p = 0.04) and D42 (p = 0.03). The PCSO-524 group also demonstrated a significantly decreased pVAS on D28 and D42 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) compared to D0, while significant differences were observed in the control group at D14 and D28 (p < 0.01 and p = 0.04) and not at D42 (p = 0.12). The mean TEWL showed a significant decrease at D28 and D42 in the PCSO-524 group, compared to the control group (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combination of PCSO-524 and oclacitinib may help to alleviate the rebound effect that occurs when tapering down the dosage of oclacitinib, as compared to using oclacitinib alone for the management of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Norihito Taguchi
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yun-Hsia Hsiao
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Fujisawa, Japan
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6
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Zwain T, Alder JE, Zwayen S, Shaw A, Burrow AJ, Singh KK. Overcoming biological barriers BBB/BBTB by designing PUFA functionalised lipid-based nanocarriers for glioblastoma targeted therapy. Biomater Adv 2023; 155:213660. [PMID: 37976832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for chemotherapeutics in Glioblastoma (GB) is to reach the tumour cells due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and chemoresistance of anticancer drugs. The present study reports two polyunsaturated fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) appended nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of a CNS negative chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) for targeted delivery to GB. The ligand appended DTX-NLCs demonstrated particle size < 160 nm, PDI < 0.29 and a negative surface charge. The successful linkage of GLA (41 %) and ALA (30 %) ligand conjugation to DTX- NLCs was confirmed by diminished surface amino groups on the NLCs, lower surface charge and FTIR profiling. Fluorophore labelled GLA-DTX-NLCs and ALA-DTX-NLCs permeated the in-vitro 3D BBB model with Papp values of 1.8 × 10-3 and 1.9 × 10-3 cm/s respectively. Following permeation, both formulations showed enhanced uptake by GB immortalised cells while ALA-DTX-NLCs showed higher uptake in patient-derived GB cells as evidenced in an in-vitro 3D blood brain tumour barrier (BBTB) model. Both surface functionalised formulations showed higher internalisation in GB cells as compared to bare DTX-NLCs. ALA-DTX-NLCs and GLA-DTX-NLCs showed 13.9-fold and 6.8-fold higher DTX activity respectively at 24 h as indicated by IC50 values when tested in patient-derived GB cells. ALA-DTX-NLCs displayed better efficacy than GLA-DTX-NLCs when tested against 3D tumour spheroids and patient-derived cells. These novel formulations will contribute widely to overcoming biological barriers for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zwain
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Zwayen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Precision NanoSystems, 50 655 West Kent Avenue North, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7, Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea J Burrow
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
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7
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De Martino M, Daviaud C, Minns HE, Lazarian A, Wacker A, Costa AP, Attarwala N, Chen Q, Choi SW, Rabadàn R, McIntire LBJ, Gartrell RD, Kelly JM, Laiakis EC, Vanpouille-Box C. Radiation therapy promotes unsaturated fatty acids to maintain survival of glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 570:216329. [PMID: 37499741 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is essential for the management of glioblastoma (GBM). However, GBM frequently relapses within the irradiated margins, thus suggesting that RT might stimulate mechanisms of resistance that limits its efficacy. GBM is recognized for its metabolic plasticity, but whether RT-induced resistance relies on metabolic adaptation remains unclear. Here, we show in vitro and in vivo that irradiated GBM tumors switch their metabolic program to accumulate lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in an increased formation of lipid droplets to prevent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The reduction of lipid accumulation with genetic suppression and pharmacological inhibition of the fatty acid synthase (FASN), one of the main lipogenic enzymes, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis of irradiated GBM cells. Combination of FASN inhibition with focal RT improved the median survival of GBM-bearing mice. Supporting the translational value of these findings, retrospective analysis of the GLASS consortium dataset of matched GBM patients revealed an enrichment in lipid metabolism signature in recurrent GBM compared to primary. Overall, these results demonstrate that RT drives GBM resistance by generating a lipogenic environment permissive to GBM survival. Targeting lipid metabolism might be required to develop more effective anti-GBM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camille Daviaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna E Minns
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Artur Lazarian
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja Wacker
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Paula Costa
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raùl Rabadàn
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robyn D Gartrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Kelly
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Furutani K, Chen O, McGinnis A, Wang Y, Serhan CN, Hansen TV, Ji RR. Novel proresolving lipid mediator mimetic 3-oxa-PD1n-3 docosapentaenoic acid reduces acute and chronic itch by modulating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial secretion of lipocalin-2 in mice. Pain 2023; 164:1340-1354. [PMID: 36378290 PMCID: PMC10182233 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have demonstrated potent analgesic actions in animal models of pathological pain. The actions of SPMs in acute and chronic itch are currently unknown. Recently, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of SPMs and 3-oxa-PD1 n-3 DPA (3-oxa-PD1) is an oxidation-resistant metabolic stable analogue of the n-3 DPA-derived protectin D1 (PD1). In this article, we demonstrate that 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduces both acute and chronic itch in mouse models. Intrathecal injection of 3-oxa-PD1 (100 ng) reduced acute itch induced by histamine, chloroquine, or morphine. Furthermore, intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduced chronic itch, induced by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), allergic contact dermatitis with dinitrofluorobenzene, and psoriasis by imiquimod. Intratumoral injection of 3-oxa-PD1 also suppressed CTCL-induced chronic itch. Strikingly, the antipruritic effect lasted for several weeks after 1-week intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 treatment. Whole-cell recordings revealed significant increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of CTCL mice, but this increase was blocked by 3-oxa-PD1. 3-oxa-PD1 further increased inhibitory postsynaptic currents in SDH neurons of CTCL mice. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma increased the spinal levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an itch mediator produced by astrocytes. 3-oxa-PD1 suppressed LCN2 production in CTCL mice and LCN2 secretion in astrocytes. Finally, CTCL-induced anxiety was alleviated by intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1. Our findings suggest that 3-oxa-PD1 potently inhibits acute and chronic itch through the regulation of excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial LCN2 production. Therefore, stable SPM analogs such as 3-oxa-PD1 could be useful to treat pruritus associated with different skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Furutani
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Gillies D, Leach MJ, Perez Algorta G. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 4:CD007986. [PMID: 37058600 PMCID: PMC10103546 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic, and mental health problems. The stimulant medications methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently used treatments for ADHD, but these are not always effective and can be associated with side effects. Clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be related to ADHD. Research has shown that children and adolescents with ADHD have significantly lower plasma and blood concentrations of PUFA and, in particular, lower levels of omega-3 PUFA. These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may reduce the attention and behaviour problems associated with ADHD. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane Review. Overall, there was little evidence that PUFA supplementation improved symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of PUFA to other forms of treatment or placebo in treating the symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS We searched 13 databases and two trials registers up to October 2021. We also checked the reference lists of relevant studies and reviews for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared PUFA with placebo or PUFA plus alternative therapy (medication, behavioural therapy, or psychotherapy) with the same alternative therapy alone in children and adolescents (aged 18 years and under) diagnosed with ADHD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcome was severity or improvement of ADHD symptoms. Our secondary outcomes were severity or incidence of behavioural problems; quality of life; severity or incidence of depressive symptoms; severity or incidence of anxiety symptoms; side effects; loss to follow-up; and cost. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We included 37 trials with more than 2374 participants, of which 24 trials were new to this update. Five trials (seven reports) used a cross-over design, while the remaining 32 trials (52 reports) used a parallel design. Seven trials were conducted in Iran, four each in the USA and Israel, and two each in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, and the UK. Single studies were conducted in Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan. Of the 36 trials that compared a PUFA to placebo, 19 used an omega-3 PUFA, six used a combined omega-3/omega-6 supplement, and two used an omega-6 PUFA. The nine remaining trials were included in the comparison of PUFA to placebo, but also had the same co-intervention in the PUFA and placebo groups. Of these, four trials compared a combination of omega-3 PUFA plus methylphenidate to methylphenidate. One trial each compared omega-3 PUFA plus atomoxetine to atomoxetine; omega-3 PUFA plus physical training to physical training; and an omega-3 or omega-6 supplement plus methylphenidate to methylphenidate; and two trials compared omega-3 PUFA plus dietary supplement to dietary supplement. Supplements were given for a period of between two weeks and six months. Although we found low-certainty evidence that PUFA compared to placebo may improve ADHD symptoms in the medium term (risk ratio (RR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47 to 2.60; 3 studies, 191 participants), there was high-certainty evidence that PUFA had no effect on parent-rated total ADHD symptoms compared to placebo in the medium term (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.08, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.07; 16 studies, 1166 participants). There was also high-certainty evidence that parent-rated inattention (medium-term: SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.17; 12 studies, 960 participants) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (medium-term: SMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.23; 10 studies, 869 participants) scores were no different compared to placebo. There was moderate-certainty evidence that overall side effects likely did not differ between PUFA and placebo groups (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.52; 8 studies, 591 participants). There was also moderate-certainty evidence that medium-term loss to follow-up was likely similar between groups (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.37; 13 studies, 1121 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although we found low-certainty evidence that children and adolescents receiving PUFA may be more likely to improve compared to those receiving placebo, there was high-certainty evidence that PUFA had no effect on total parent-rated ADHD symptoms. There was also high-certainty evidence that inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity did not differ between PUFA and placebo groups. We found moderate-certainty evidence that overall side effects likely did not differ between PUFA and placebo groups. There was also moderate-certainty evidence that follow-up was similar between groups. It is important that future research addresses the current weaknesses in this area, which include small sample sizes, variability of selection criteria, variability of the type and dosage of supplementation, and short follow-up times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Gillies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew J Leach
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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10
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Takala R, Ramji DP, Choy E. The Beneficial Effects of Pine Nuts and Its Major Fatty Acid, Pinolenic Acid, on Inflammation and Metabolic Perturbations in Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021171. [PMID: 36674687 PMCID: PMC9861571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are regulated by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Current treatments for these conditions are associated with significant side effects and do not completely suppress inflammation. The benefits of diet, especially the role of specific components, are poorly understood. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have several beneficial health effects. The majority of studies on PUFAs have been on omega-3 fatty acids. This review will focus on a less studied fatty acid, pinolenic acid (PNLA) from pine nuts, which typically constitutes up to 20% of its total fatty acids. PNLA is emerging as a dietary PUFA and a promising supplement in the prevention of inflammatory disorders or as an alternative therapy. Some studies have shown the health implications of pine nuts oil (PNO) and PNLA in weight reduction, lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions as well as in suppression of cell invasiveness and motility in cancer. However, few reviews have specifically focused on the biological and anti-inflammatory effects of PNLA. Furthermore, in recent bioinformatic studies on human samples, the expression of many mRNAs and microRNAs was regulated by PNLA indicating potential transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory and metabolic processes. The aim of this review is to summarize, highlight, and evaluate research findings on PNO and PNLA in relation to potential anti-inflammatory benefits and beneficial metabolic changes. In this context, the focus of the review is on the potential actions of PNLA on inflammation along with modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress based on data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and human findings, including gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Takala
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sosnowski DK, Jamieson KL, Gruzdev A, Li Y, Valencia R, Yousef A, Kassiri Z, Zeldin DC, Seubert JM. Cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of soluble epoxide hydrolase limits inflammation to preserve cardiac function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H670-H687. [PMID: 35985007 PMCID: PMC9512117 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxemia elicits a multiorgan inflammatory response that results in cardiac dysfunction and often leads to death. Inflammation-induced metabolism of endogenous N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids generates numerous lipid mediators, such as epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which protect the heart. However, EpFAs are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which attenuates their cardioprotective actions. Global genetic disruption of sEH preserves EpFA levels and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in mice following acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury. In leukocytes, EpFAs modulate the innate immune system through the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. However, the mechanisms by which both EpFAs and sEH inhibition exert their protective effects in the cardiomyocyte are still elusive. This study investigated whether cardiomyocyte-specific sEH disruption attenuates inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in acute LPS inflammatory injury via modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We use tamoxifen-inducible CreER recombinase technology to target sEH genetic disruption to the cardiomyocyte. Primary cardiomyocyte studies provide mechanistic insight into inflammasome signaling. For the first time, we demonstrate that cardiomyocyte-specific sEH disruption preserves cardiac function and attenuates inflammatory responses by limiting local cardiac inflammation and activation of the systemic immune response. Mechanistically, inhibition of cardiomyocyte-specific sEH activity or exogenous EpFA treatment do not prevent upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome machinery in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Rather, they limit downstream activation of the pathway leading to release of fewer chemoattractant factors and recruitment of immune cells to the heart. These data emphasize that cardiomyocyte sEH is vital for mediating detrimental systemic inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The cardioprotective effects of genetic disruption and pharmacological inhibition of sEH have been demonstrated in a variety of cardiac disease models, including acute LPS inflammatory injury. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that sEH genetic disruption limited to the cardiomyocyte profoundly preserves cardiac function and limits local and systemic inflammation following acute LPS exposure. Hence, cardiomyocytes serve a critical role in the innate immune response that can be modulated to protect the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna K Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Lockhart Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yingxi Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Valencia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ala Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Zhang Q, Deng T, Zhang H, Zuo D, Zhu Q, Bai M, Liu R, Ning T, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang H, Ba Y. Adipocyte-Derived Exosomal MTTP Suppresses Ferroptosis and Promotes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203357. [PMID: 35978266 PMCID: PMC9534973 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron dependency and is associated with the chemoresistance of tumors. Here, it is shown that adipose-derived exosomes reduce ferroptosis susceptibility in CRC, thus promoting chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. It is found that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression is increased in the plasma exosomes of CRC patients with a high body fat ratio, serving as an inhibitor of ferroptosis and reducing sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the MTTP/proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) complex inhibited zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 expression and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT, leading to a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio and lipid ROS levels. Moreover, experiments are carried out in organoids, and a tumor implantation model is established in obese mice, demonstrating that the inhibition of MTTP increases the sensitivity to chemotherapy. The results reveal a novel intracellular signaling pathway mediated by adipose-derived exosomes and suggest that treatments targeting secreted MTTP might reverse oxaliplatin resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumo Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Ting Deng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Duo Zuo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Qihang Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Le Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer Hospital & Shenzhen HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhen518172China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
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13
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Gong Y, Tomita Y, Edin ML, Ren A, Ko M, Yang J, Bull E, Zeldin DC, Hellström A, Fu Z, Smith LEH. Cytochrome P450 oxidase 2J inhibition suppresses choroidal neovascularization in mice. Metabolism 2022; 134:155266. [PMID: 35868524 PMCID: PMC9535696 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to blindness. It has been widely reported that increased intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) diets reduce CNV. Of the three major pathways metabolizing ω-3 (and ω-6 LCPUFA), the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways generally produce pro-angiogenic metabolites from ω-6 LCPUFA and anti-angiogenic ones from ω-3 LCPUFA. Howevehr, cytochrome P450 oxidase (CPY) 2C produces pro-angiogenic metabolites from both ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA. The effects of CYP2J2 products on ocular neovascularization are still unknown. Understanding how each metabolic pathway affects the protective effect of ω-3 LCPUFA on retinal neovascularization may lead to therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of LCPUFA metabolites through CYP2J2 pathway and CYP2J2 regulation on CNV both in vivo and ex vivo. METHODS The impact of CYP2J2 overexpression and inhibition on neovascularization in the laser-induced CNV mouse model was assessed. The plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy. The choroidal explant sprouting assay was used to investigate the effects of CYP2J2 inhibition and specific LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolites on angiogenesis ex vivo. RESULTS CNV was exacerbated in Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice and was associated with increased levels of plasma docosahexaenoic acids. Inhibiting CYP2J2 activity with flunarizine decreased CNV in both ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA-fed wild-type mice. In Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice, flunarizine suppressed CNV by 33 % and 36 % in ω-6, ω-3 LCPUFA diets, respectively, and reduced plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites. The pro-angiogenic role of CYP2J2 was corroborated in the choroidal explant sprouting assay. Flunarizine attenuated ex vivo choroidal sprouting, and 19,20-EDP, a ω-3 LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolite, increased sprouting. The combined inhibition of CYP2J2 with flunarizine and CYP2C8 with montelukast further enhanced CNV suppression via tumor necrosis factor-α suppression. CONCLUSIONS CYP2J2 inhibition augmented the inhibitory effect of ω-3 LCPUFA on CNV. Flunarizine suppressed pathological choroidal angiogenesis, and co-treatment with montelukast inhibiting CYP2C8 further enhanced the effect. CYP2 inhibition might be a viable approach to suppress CNV in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Bull
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ann Hellström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by chronic inflammation associated with autoimmune damage to myelin and axons leading to neurodegeneration. Although the etiology is not fully understood, some factors that increase the risk of disease have been identified. One of the key elements of multidisciplinary approach to the management of MS is a properly balanced diet, e.g. Swank diet. Its main assumption is to reduce the supply of animal fats in favor of fats of plant origin, which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3. One of the factors influencing the course of the disease is vitamin D deficiency. In 80-90% it is synthesized by exposure to the sun, while the other 10-20% may be supplied with ingested food. Although elevated plasma homocysteine levels have been demonstrated in MS patients, there is no need to modify the supply of B vitamins. Further studies are necessary to show the correlation between the supply of B vitamins and the course of the disease. Due to the antioxidant effect, it is recommended to include products that are sources of vitamin A, E and C, glutathione, coenzyme Q10. It is also beneficial to include compounds from the polyphenol group: quercetin, resveratrol and curcumin. Through proper nutrition model it is also possible to reduce side effects of applied medications, such as constipation, what improves patients' quality of life. Diet therapy is a key element supporting pharmacotherapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Carbogno-Barnabe
- DOCTORAL SCHOOL, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES IN KATOWICE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, KATOWICE, POLAND
| | - Beata Łabuz-Roszak
- DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY, INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF OPOLE, OPOLE, POLAND
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Duan WH, Jin LY, Cai ZC, Lim D, Feng ZH. 2-Hexyl-4-Pentylenic Acid (HPTA) Stimulates the Radiotherapy-induced Abscopal Effect on Distal Tumor through Polarization of Tumor-associated Macrophages. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:693-704. [PMID: 34530959 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effects of 2-hexyl-4-pentylenic acid (HPTA) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) on distant unirradiated breast tumors. METHODS Using a rat model of chemical carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene,DMBA)-induced breast cancer, tumor volume was monitored and treatment response was evaluated by performing HE staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot analyses. RESULTS The results demonstrated that HPTA in combination with RT significantly delayed the growth of distant, unirradiated breast tumors. The mechanism of action included tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration into distant tumor tissues, M1 polarization, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by IFN-γ. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the combination of HPTA with RT has an abscopal effect on distant tumors via M1-polarized TAMs, and HPTA may be considered as a new therapeutic for amplifying the efficacy of local RT for non-targeted breast tumors. UNLABELLED The graphical abstract was available in the web of www.besjournal.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hua Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li Ya Jin
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zu Chao Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - David Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia
| | - Zhi Hui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Händel MN, Rohde JF, Rimestad ML, Bandak E, Birkefoss K, Tendal B, Lemcke S, Callesen HE. Efficacy and Safety of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:1226. [PMID: 33917727 PMCID: PMC8068201 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on epidemiological and animal studies, the rationale for using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) seems promising. Here, the objective was to systematically identify and critically assess the evidence from clinical trials. The primary outcome was ADHD core symptoms. The secondary outcomes were behavioral difficulties, quality of life, and side effects. We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2020. The overall certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). We identified 31 relevant randomized controlled trials including 1755 patients. The results showed no effect on ADHD core symptoms rated by parents (k = 23; SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.02) or teachers (k = 10; SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.31, 0.19). There was no effect on behavioral difficulties, rated by parents (k = 7; SMD: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.14) or teachers (k = 5; SMD: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.26). There was no effect on quality of life (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.31). PUFA did not increase the occurrence of side effects. For now, there seems to be no benefit of PUFA in ADHD treatment; however, the certainty of evidence is questionable, and thus no conclusive guidance can be made. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO ID: CRD42020158453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nicole Händel
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (J.F.R.); (E.B.)
- The Danish Health Authority, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (B.T.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (J.F.R.); (E.B.)
- The Danish Health Authority, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (B.T.); (H.E.C.)
| | | | - Elisabeth Bandak
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (J.F.R.); (E.B.)
- The Danish Health Authority, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (B.T.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Kirsten Birkefoss
- The Danish Health Authority, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (B.T.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Britta Tendal
- The Danish Health Authority, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (B.T.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Sanne Lemcke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
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Abstract
Significance: Hypertension is characterized as the imbalance of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Hypertension is influenced by genetic variation and environmental risk factors, such as unhealthy diet. Clinical trial results suggest that increasing intake of foods rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is beneficial for hypertension. Recent Advances: We summarized recent clinical trials regarding supplementation with n-3 PUFAs to reduce blood pressure (BP) in untreated hypertensive and normotensive subjects and systematically discussed the antihypertension mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs/n-3 oxylipins, including reducing oxidative stress, altering functions of membrane-related proteins, and competing with n-6 PUFAs/n-6 oxylipins in regulating vasodilator release. Critical Issues: Previous studies considered n-3 PUFAs as single molecules with beneficial roles in hypertension. Recently, researchers have paid more attention to the metabolism of n-3 PUFAs and explored molecular mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs in hypertension interventions. Future Directions: Based on the metabolism of n-3 PUFAs/n-3 oxylipins and mechanisms in BP control, we suggested that supplementation of n-3 PUFAs combined with agents targeting PUFA metabolism or the related signal pathways may amplify their effects to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 800-810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Siregar DAS, Rianda D, Irwinda R, Dwi Utami A, Hanifa H, Shankar AH, Agustina R. Associations between diet quality, blood pressure, and glucose levels among pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242150. [PMID: 33237938 PMCID: PMC7688158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of gestational hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Diet is a modifiable factor that may influence these conditions, but few studies have examined the association between diet quality and blood pressure and glucose profiles among pregnant women. Data are especially scarce for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of global pregnancies occur, and in urban settings. We, therefore, assessed these associations among 174 pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta in a cross-sectional study of the Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) project. METHODS Trained field-enumerators collected socio-demographic characteristics, measured Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and assessed diet by two 24-hour recalls, which were used to calculate the Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Blood pressure was measured by automated sphygmomanometer, and fasting blood glucose by capillary glucometer. General linear models were used to identify associations. RESULTS The median AHEI-P score was 47.4 (IQR 19.1-76.6). The middle tertile of the AHEI-P score (39.59-56.58) was associated with a 0.4 SD (standardized effect size, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.06; p = 0.02) lower diastolic blood pressure compared with the lowest tertile (<39.59), after adjustment for level of education, smoking status, MUAC, gestational age, history of hypertension, and family history of hypertension. However, no associations were found between the AHEI-P score and systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure among pregnant women in an urban LMIC community, but not with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. A behavioral change intervention trial would be warranted to confirm the influence of diet quality on blood pressure and glucose levels and among pregnant women, and even before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviana A. S. Siregar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Davrina Rianda
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rima Irwinda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Dwi Utami
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hanifa Hanifa
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anuraj H. Shankar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Lee SH, Tonello R, Im ST, Jeon H, Park J, Ford Z, Davidson S, Kim YH, Park CK, Berta T. Resolvin D3 controls mouse and human TRPV1-positive neurons and preclinical progression of psoriasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:12111-12126. [PMID: 33204332 PMCID: PMC7667671 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a complex interplay between the immune and nervous systems with recurrent scaly skin plaques, thickened stratum corneum, infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells, and itch. Despite an increasing availability of immune therapies, they often have adverse effects, high costs, and dissociated effects on inflammation and itch. Activation of sensory neurons innervating the skin and TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) are emerging as critical components in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but little is known about their endogenous inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that resolvins, endogenous lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, are potent inhibitors of TRP channels and may offer new therapies for psoriasis without known adverse effects. Methods: We used behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical approaches to investigate the therapeutic effects of resolvin D3 (RvD3), a novel family member of resolvins, in a preclinical model of psoriasis consisting of repeated topical applications of imiquimod (IMQ) to murine skin, which provokes inflammatory lesions that resemble human psoriasis. Results: We report that RvD3 specifically reduced TRPV1-dependent acute pain and itch in mice. Mechanistically, RvD3 inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents in dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via the N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (i.e. ALX/FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor. Single systemic administration of RvD3 (2.8 mg/kg) reversed itch after IMQ, and repeated administration largely prevented the development of both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation with concomitant decreased in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in DRG neurons. Accordingly, specific knockdown of CGRP in DRG was sufficient to prevent both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation similar to the effects following RvD3 administration. Finally, we elevated the translational potential of this study by showing that RvD3 significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity and CGRP release in human DRG neurons. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a novel role for RvD3 in regulating TRPV1/CGRP in mouse and human DRG neurons and identify RvD3 and its neuronal pathways as novel therapeutic targets to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Taek Im
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawon Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Ford
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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D’Alò GL, De Crescenzo F, Minozzi S, Morgano GP, Mitrova Z, Scattoni ML, Amato L, Davoli M, Schünemann HJ. Equity, acceptability and feasibility of using polyunsaturated fatty acids in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a rapid systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:101. [PMID: 32299432 PMCID: PMC7164335 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the efficacy and safety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To optimally inform the Italian guideline for the management of ASD in children and adolescents, we reviewed the impact on equity, acceptability and feasibility for developing a pilot recommendation for PUFAs. METHODS We performed a rapid systematic review of observational and experimental studies on PUFAs for children and adolescents with ASD, extracting data on resources required, equity, acceptability, and feasibility of PUFAs. We followed the framework provided by the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) methodology, and we assessed risk of bias and methodological quality of included studies. Results were synthesized both narratively and quantitatively to address clinically relevant questions on equity, acceptability, and feasibility. RESULTS We found 14 papers related to equity. PUFAs did not seem to impact equity importantly. We did not find variation in effectiveness across subgroups and in a base case scenario, the cost of a 12 weeks cycle of therapy with 1.155 g/day of PUFAs was €65.51 euro. The acceptability of PUFAs was evaluated in 17 studies, 9 of which were RCTs. PUFAs were widely used among children and adolescents with ASD (18 to 51%), and 50% of parents considered nutritional supplementation as useful. Difficulty in swallowing capsules and bad taste were identified as possible causes of poor compliance, but treatment adherence, when measured in included RCTs, was judged to be good to excellent. Discontinuation due to any cause for PUFAs could not differ from placebo (low certainty of evidence). The feasibility of using PUFAs was assessed in 12 studies. PUFAs were probably sustainable, and no particular critical issue emerged from the feasibility assessment. However, the evidence appeared scarce and indirect. CONCLUSIONS We found the administration of PUFAs in children and adolescents with ASD to be potentially equitable, acceptable and feasible. These results are limited by the limited number and quality of retrieved documents, and need to be viewed in light of efficacy and safety data to formulate clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Loreto D’Alò
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco De Crescenzo
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Pediatric University Hospital-Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Minozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Morgano
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster GRADE Centre, Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zuzana Mitrova
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Amato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster GRADE Centre, Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS are all enveloped viruses that can cause acute respiratory syndrome. Arachidonic acid (AA) and other unsaturated fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acd, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid DHA) are known to inactivate enveloped viruses and inhibit proliferation of various microbial organisms. The pro-inflammatory metabolites of AA and EPA such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes induce inflammation whereas lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins derived from AA, EPA and DHA not only suppress inflammation but also enhance would healing and augment phagocytosis of macrophages and other immunocytes and decrease microbial load. In view of these actions, it is suggested that AA and other unsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites may serve as endogenous anti-viral compounds and their deficiency may render humans susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS and other similar viruses' infections. Hence, oral or intravenous administration of AA and other unsaturated fatty acids may aid in enhancing resistance and recovery from SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS infections.
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Brown TJ, Brainard J, Song F, Wang X, Abdelhamid A, Hooper L. Omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fat for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2019; 366:l4697. [PMID: 31434641 PMCID: PMC6699594 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on diabetes diagnosis and glucose metabolism. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, and trials in relevant systematic reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of at least 24 weeks' duration assessing effects of increasing α-linolenic acid, long chain omega-3, omega-6, or total PUFA, which collected data on diabetes diagnoses, fasting glucose or insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and/or homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DATA SYNTHESIS Statistical analysis included random effects meta-analyses using relative risk and mean difference, and sensitivity analyses. Funnel plots were examined and subgrouping assessed effects of intervention type, replacement, baseline risk of diabetes and use of antidiabetes drugs, trial duration, and dose. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool and quality of evidence with GRADE. RESULTS 83 randomised controlled trials (mainly assessing effects of supplementary long chain omega-3) were included; 10 were at low summary risk of bias. Long chain omega-3 had little or no effect on likelihood of diagnosis of diabetes (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.17; 58 643 participants, 3.7% developed diabetes) or measures of glucose metabolism (HbA1c mean difference -0.02%, 95% confidence interval -0.07% to 0.04%; plasma glucose 0.04, 0.02 to 0.07, mmol/L; fasting insulin 1.02, -4.34 to 6.37, pmol/L; HOMA-IR 0.06, -0.21 to 0.33). A suggestion of negative outcomes was observed when dose of supplemental long chain omega-3 was above 4.4 g/d. Effects of α-linolenic acid, omega-6, and total PUFA on diagnosis of diabetes were unclear (as the evidence was of very low quality), but little or no effect on measures of glucose metabolism was seen, except that increasing α-linolenic acid may increase fasting insulin (by about 7%). No evidence was found that the omega-3/omega-6 ratio is important for diabetes or glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This is the most extensive systematic review of trials to date to assess effects of polyunsaturated fats on newly diagnosed diabetes and glucose metabolism, including previously unpublished data following contact with authors. Evidence suggests that increasing omega-3, omega-6, or total PUFA has little or no effect on prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017064110.
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Irimie AI, Braicu C, Pasca S, Magdo L, Gulei D, Cojocneanu R, Ciocan C, Olariu A, Coza O, Berindan-Neagoe I. Role of Key Micronutrients from Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic Perspectives in Cancer Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060283. [PMID: 31216637 PMCID: PMC6630934 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regarding cancer as a genetic multi-factorial disease, a number of aspects need to be investigated and analyzed in terms of cancer's predisposition, development and prognosis. One of these multi-dimensional factors, which has gained increased attention in the oncological field due to its unelucidated role in risk assessment for cancer, is diet. Moreover, as studies advance, a clearer connection between diet and the molecular alteration of patients is becoming identifiable and quantifiable, thereby replacing the old general view associating specific phenotypical changes with the differential intake of nutrients. Respectively, there are two major fields concentrated on the interrelation between genome and diet: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics studies the effects of nutrition at the gene level, whereas nutrigenomics studies the effect of nutrients on genome and transcriptome patterns. By precisely evaluating the interaction between the genomic profile of patients and their nutrient intake, it is possible to envision a concept of personalized medicine encompassing nutrition and health care. The list of nutrients that could have an inhibitory effect on cancer development is quite extensive, with evidence in the scientific literature. The administration of these nutrients showed significant results in vitro and in vivo regarding cancer inhibition, although more studies regarding administration in effective doses in actual patients need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Olariu
- Nordlogic Software, 10-12, Rene Descartes Street 400486 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Coza
- Department of Radiotherapy with High Energies and Brachytherapy, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Street Republicii, No. 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Louis Pasteur, No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Kytikova O, Novgorodtseva T, Denisenko Y, Antonyuk M, Gvozdenko T. Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060284. [PMID: 31216723 PMCID: PMC6631965 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most important medical and social problems of our time due to the prevalence and the complexity of its treatment. Chronic inflammation that is characteristic of asthma is accompanied by bronchial obstruction, which involves various lipid mediators produced from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The review is devoted to modern ideas about the PUFA metabolites—eicosanoids (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) maresins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins. The latest advances in clinical lipidomics for identifying and disclosing the mechanism of synthesis and the biological action of SPMs have been given. The current views on the peculiarities of the inflammatory reaction in asthma and the role of highly specialized metabolites of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in this process have been described. The possibility of using SPMs as therapeutic agents aimed at controlling the resolution of inflammation in asthma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Marina Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration"-Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian Street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, Russia.
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Pötgens SA, Sboarina M, Bindels LB. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, amino acids, prebiotics: can they help to tackle cancer cachexia and related inflammation? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:458-464. [PMID: 30138138 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have highlighted the importance of developing a multimodal therapeutic strategy for cancer cachectic patients. Considering the central role of metabolism and anorexia in this disease, optimized nutritional advice should be an integral part of this strategy. Current recommendations mainly focus on meeting caloric requirements. However, a few studies suggest the great potential of foods naturally enriched in nutrients presenting interesting physiological properties and the interest of using them in the management of cachectic patients. Among them, prebiotics show the capacity to control inflammation in several debilitating diseases. In this context, this review aims to summarize the most recent findings related to functional foods and nutrients and cancer cachexia, and to discuss the potential use of prebiotics in this context. RECENT FINDINGS Even though there is a clear need for more research in the field, data from both humans and animal models support the promising benefits of functional foods and nutrients in cancer cachexia. SUMMARY Altogether, these studies offer new insights into the potential contribution of nutrition to cancer patient management. Functional foods, by downregulating inflammatory pathways, could decrease cachexia severity and contribute to the improvement of cancer patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kamiya T, Watanabe M, Hara H, Mitsugi Y, Yamaguchi E, Itoh A, Adachi T. Induction of Human-Lung-Cancer-A549-Cell Apoptosis by 4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic Acid Ethyl Ester through Intracellular ROS Accumulation and the Induction of Proapoptotic CHOP Expression. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10741-10747. [PMID: 30296076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Royal jelly, a natural product secreted by honeybees, contains several fatty acids, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (DE), and shows anti- and pro-apoptotic properties. 4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester (HPO-DAEE), a DE derivative, exhibits potent antioxidative activity; however, it currently remains unclear whether HPO-DAEE induces cancer-cell death. In the present study, treatment with HPO-DAEE induced human-lung-cancer-A549-cell death (52.7 ± 10.2%) that was accompanied by DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS, 2.38 ± 0.1-fold) and the induction of proapoptotic CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein-homologous-protein (CHOP) expression (18.4 ± 4.0-fold) were observed in HPO-DAEE-treated cells. HPO-DAEE-elicited CHOP expression and cell death were markedly suppressed by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, by 2.40 ± 1.57-fold and 5.7 ± 1.6%, respectively. Pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, also suppressed A549-cell death (38.4 ± 1.1%). Furthermore, we demonstrated the involvement of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38-related signaling in HPO-DAEE-elicited cell-death events. Overall, we concluded that HPO-DAEE induces A549-cell apoptosis through the ROS-ERK-p38 pathway and, at least in part, the CHOP pathway.
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Oliveira PDA, de Almeida TB, de Oliveira RG, Gonçalves GM, de Oliveira JM, Neves Dos Santos BB, Laureano-Melo R, Côrtes WDS, França TDN, Vasconcellos MLADA, Marinho BG. Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of piperic acid: Involvement of the cholinergic and vanilloid systems. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:54-64. [PMID: 30009814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Piperin is the active compound of black pepper (Piper nigrum). From the piperine was obtained the molecule of the piperic acid (PAC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory of the compound. The antinociceptive effects of PAC were evaluated by abdominal writhing, formalin, capsaicin and tail-flick tests; while the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by paw oedema and air pouch tests, and in vitro COX inhibition assay. The possible action mechanism of PAC was evaluated using naloxone, L-NAME, glibenclamide and atropine in tail flick test and by Cholinesterase activity assay and production of TNF-α and IL-1β. PAC significantly reduced the nociceptive effects induced by acetic acid or formalin in mice. PAC also demonstrated an antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick model. The muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine reduced the antinociceptive effect of PAC in the tail-flick model. PAC was able to inhibit capsaicin-induced nociception, showing involvement of TRPV1. The compound did not alter the motor capacity of the animals, not interfering in the nociceptive response. PAC also showed anti- inflammatory activity by inhibiting the formation of carrageenan-induced paw oedema, leukocyte migration, and cytokine production / release. Atropine reduced the activity of PAC on leukocyte migration, and cytokine production. The compound showed to be able to reduce the cytokine production stimulated by capsaicin. PAC inhibited the COX activity. The results presented suggest that the possible cholinomimetic action and vanilloid agonist of the piperic acid may be responsible by antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory effects; these effects are devoid of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana de Araujo Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Brito de Almeida
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ramon Guerra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Mastrangelo Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joyce Mattos de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu Benedito Neves Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wellington da Silva Côrtes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ticiana do Nascimento França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Guo XF, Sinclair AJ, Kaur G, Li D. Differential effects of EPA, DPA and DHA on cardio-metabolic risk factors in high-fat diet fed mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:47-55. [PMID: 29113747 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on lipid metabolism in 4 month-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. The high-fat fed mice showed evidence of fatty liver, obesity and insulin resistance after being on the high-fat diet for 6 weeks compared with the control low-fat diet fed mice. Supplementation of the high-fat diet with either EPA, DPA or DHA prevented the fatty liver, prevented high serum cholesterol and serum glucose and prevented high liver cholesterol levels. DPA (but not EPA or DHA) was associated with a significantly improved homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with the high-fat fed mice. Supplementation with DPA and DHA both prevented the decreased serum adiponectin levels, compared with EPA and the high-fat diet. In addition, supplementation with DPA and DHA both prevented the increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared with EPA and the high-fat group, which can be attributed to down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreasing lipogenesis in the liver. Therefore, DPA and DHA seem to exert similar effects in cardio-metabolic protection against the high-fat diet and these effects seem to be different to those of EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Banaschewski T, Belsham B, Bloch MH, Ferrin M, Johnson M, Kustow J, Robinson S, Zuddas A. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nutr Health 2018; 24:279-284. [PMID: 29921155 PMCID: PMC6291899 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018772170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
While pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are recommended as the primary frontline treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alternative approaches to managing ADHD are becoming increasingly popular among patients and their families. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is an example of this. PUFA supplementation is not recommended by guidelines for managing ADHD; however, patients may still decide to use it. To provide direction to healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing ADHD, eight international experts in the field of adult and child ADHD came together for the Continuum Education Board: Omega Supplements in ADHD meeting. This commentary summarises the panel's consensus that current evidence suggests PUFA supplementation has a small beneficial effect on behaviour in children with ADHD, and that further high-quality research is needed to clearly evaluate and define its role in the management of ADHD of children, adolescents and adults. The panel concluded that in cases where patients use PUFA supplementation, HCPs should be comfortable explaining the potential gains that they may have and their possible side effects. The panel also concluded HCPs should not reinforce the idea that PUFA supplementation should replace treatment approaches with a more robust evidence base for managing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael H Bloch
- Child Study Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Maite Ferrin
- Re:Cognition Health, London, UK
- University of Southampton, UK
| | - Mats Johnson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | - James Kustow
- Consultant Adult Psychiatrist and Adult ADHD specialist, London, UK
- UKAAN Executive board member and Chair of UKAAN’s Training Committee, London, UK
| | - Sarah Robinson
- PCM Scientific, London, UK
- Sarah Robinson, PCM Scientific, 140 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5DN, UK.
| | - Alessandro Zuddas
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
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31
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Bailey MA, Holscher HD. Microbiome-Mediated Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflammation. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:193-206. [PMID: 29767701 PMCID: PMC5952955 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet pattern is increasingly associated with improved metabolic health. Two mechanisms by which consuming a Mediterranean diet pattern may contribute to improved metabolic health are modulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and reduction of metabolic endotoxemia. Metabolic endotoxemia, defined as a 2- to 3-fold increase in circulating levels of bacterial endotoxin, has been proposed as a cause of inflammation during metabolic dysfunction. As the largest source of endotoxins in the human body, the GI microbiota represents a crucial area for research on strategies for reducing endotoxemia. Diets high in saturated fat and low in fiber contribute to metabolic endotoxemia through several mechanisms, including changes in the GI microbiome and bacterial fermentation end products, intestinal physiology and barrier function, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Thus, the Mediterranean diet pattern, rich in unsaturated fats and fiber, may be one dietary strategy to reduce metabolic endotoxemia. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the differential effects of dietary saturated and unsaturated fats on the microbiota and metabolic health, but human studies are lacking. The role of dietary fiber and the GI microbiome in metabolic endotoxemia is underinvestigated. Clinical research on the effects of different types of dietary fat and fiber on the GI microbiota and GI and systemic inflammation is necessary to determine efficacious dietary strategies for reducing metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, and subsequent metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Moss JWE, Williams JO, Ramji DP. Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1562-1572. [PMID: 29454074 PMCID: PMC5906642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of medium and large arteries and an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is responsible for a third of all global deaths. Current treatments for CVD, such as optimized statin therapy, are associated with considerable residual risk and several side effects in some patients. The outcome of research on the identification of alternative pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of CVD has been relatively disappointing with many promising leads failing at the clinical level. Nutraceuticals, products from food sources with health benefits beyond their nutritional value, represent promising agents in the prevention of CVD or as an add-on therapy with current treatments. This review will highlight the potential of several nutraceuticals, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and other polyphenols, as anti-CVD therapies based on clinical and pre-clinical mechanism-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Silva Figueiredo P, Inada AC, Ribeiro Fernandes M, Granja Arakaki D, Freitas KDC, Avellaneda Guimarães RDC, Aragão do Nascimento V, Aiko Hiane P. An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040877. [PMID: 29641459 PMCID: PMC6017470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by interconnected factors related to metabolic disturbances, and is directly related to the occurrence of some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. MetS is described as one or both of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, considered the initial causes of abnormalities that include hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic state, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome in women. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity and the pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in modern society. Both MetS and NAFLD are related to diet and lifestyle, and their treatment may be influenced by dietary pattern changes and the use of certain dietary supplements. This study aimed to review the role of food ingredients and supplements in the management of MetS and NAFLD specifically in human clinical trials. Moreover, bioactive compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be used as strategies for preventing the onset of and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as MetS and NAFLD, improving the inflammatory state and other comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Carla Inada
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Melina Ribeiro Fernandes
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Granja Arakaki
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
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Traver BE, Feazel-Orr HK, Catalfamo KM, Brewster CC, Fell RD. Seasonal Effects and the Impact of In-Hive Pesticide Treatments on Parasite, Pathogens, and Health of Honey Bees. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:517-527. [PMID: 29471479 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.; Hymenoptera: Apidae), populations are in decline and their losses pose a serious threat for crop pollination and food production. The specific causes of these losses are believed to be multifactorial. Pesticides, parasites and pathogens, and nutritional deficiencies have been implicated in the losses due to their ability to exert energetic stress on bees. While our understanding of the role of these factors in honey bee colony losses has improved, there is still a lack of knowledge of how they impact the immune system of the honey bee. In this study, honey bee colonies were exposed to Fumagilin-B, Apistan (tau-fluvalinate), and chlorothalonil at field realistic levels. No significant effects of the antibiotic and two pesticides were observed on the levels of varroa mite, Nosema ceranae (Fries; Microsporidia: Nosematidae), black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, or immunity as measured by phenoloxidase and glucose oxidase activity. Any effects on the parasites, pathogens, and immunity we observed appear to be due mainly to seasonal changes within the honey bee colonies. The results suggest that Fumagilin-B, Apistan, and chlorothalonil do not significantly impact the health of honey bee colonies, based on the factors analyzed and the concentration of chemicals tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna E Traver
- Department of Biology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA
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Shih PB, Morisseau C, Le T, Woodside B, German JB. Personalized polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential adjunctive treatment for anorexia nervosa. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:11-19. [PMID: 28873340 PMCID: PMC5792652 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates. While many individuals make full recoveries, up to a third of patients develop a chronic, treatment-resistant form of the illness that leads to a premature death in 15-20% of those affected. There have been few advances in treatment, both in terms of psychological or pharmacologic treatment over the last 30 years. Food aversion is commonly cited by patients with AN as a barrier to normalizing eating and weight. Our group has a keen interest in examining factors that might allow this to be addressed, thus improving treatment outcomes through personalized dietary plans or nutritional supplementation related to underlying genetic status. We demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-derived bioactive lipids (eicosanoids) are implicated in not only the risk of AN, but also with its comorbid psychopathology. Of interest, the differential postprandial omega 6-derived eicosanoid shift observed in AN highlights the possibility that the metabolism of PUFAs is an important mechanism underlying the profound food version, contributing to pathological food restriction in AN. A concise knowledge of the relationships among PUFAs, eicosanoids, and AN clinical course and psychopathology could be the key to developing personalized nutritional rehabilitative treatments for those suffering from AN. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on PUFAs in AN. We also selectively reviewed the clinical benefits PUFA treatments exert in other psychiatric diseases, on weight and appetite regulation, and for resolution of inflammation, all of which are relevant in the disease course and outcome of AN. We propose that personalized PUFA formulation be developed and tested as a novel adjunctive treatment for patients with AN. We hypothesize that with personalized PUFA formulation, food aversion and anxiety about eating will decrease while mood, dietary behavior, and weight restoration will improve in AN, leading to improvements in the overall treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thu Le
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Bae JS, Park JM, Lee J, Oh BC, Jang SH, Lee YB, Han YM, Ock CY, Cha JY, Hahm KB. Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with NPC1L1-targeted IgY or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice. Metabolism 2017; 66:32-44. [PMID: 27923447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an increased risk for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and serious metabolic diseases; however, the current therapeutic options are limited. Based on our previous report that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can significantly ameliorate high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFAs and N-IgY, which is a chicken egg yolk-derived IgY specific for the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) cholesterol transporter, on NAFLD in mice. We generated N-IgY and confirmed its efficient cholesterol transport-blocking activity in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, which was comparable to the effect of ezetimibe (EZM). C57BL/6 wild type and fat-1 transgenic mice, capable of producing n-3 PUFAs, were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with N-IgY. Endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs combined with N-IgY led to significant decreases in hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation (p<0.01). The combination of N-IgY and n-3 PUFAs resulted in significant upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol uptake (LDLR), reverse cholesterol transport (ABCG5/ABCG8), and bile acid metabolism (CYP7A1). Moreover, fat-1 transgenic mice treated with N-IgY showed significant downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol-induced hepatic stellate cell activation (Tgfb1, Tlr4, Col1a1, Col1a2, and Timp2). Collectively, these data suggest that n-3 PUFAs and N-IgY, alone or in combination, represent a promising treatment strategy to prevent HFD-induced fatty liver through the activation cholesterol catabolism to bile acids and by decreasing cholesterol-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sik Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jang
- Bioceltrand Co., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200161, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bin Lee
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Dolatkhah H, Movahedian A, Somi MH, Aghaei M, Samadi N, Mirza-Aghazade A, Esfahani A. Effect of PUFAs Oral Administration on the Amount of Apoptotic Caspases Enzymes in Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 17:93-101. [PMID: 27198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second cause of death in the world. According to the studies, the gastric cancer is relatively sensitive to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of oral administer PUFAs with Caspase enzymes in patients with gastric cancer under chemotherapy. METHODS This study was a Clinical Trial in which the target group consisted of the patients recognized with gastric cancer for the first time and cured under chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients were selected and categorized randomly into two groups. The case group included the patients taking PUFAs along with chemotherapeutic agent. In these patients, chemotherapy started with Cis-Platin plus PUFAs supplement in the scale of 3600 mg daily and in three courses. In control group, the individuals were under the same chemotherapy protocol without PUFAs. Biopsy samples from tumor were taken from the patients before and after chemotherapy. Levels of mRNA and protein expression of caspase 3, 8, 9 were measured in biopsy samples by Real-Time PCR and Frozen Section methods. The levels of apoptosis were determined using DNA-damage colorimetric assay. RESULTS In the case group, caspase 3 showed a significant increase in both gene and protein expression levels after administration of PUFAs supplement in comparison with those of the control group (p=0.006 for gene, p=0.001 for protein). PUFAs induced caspase-9 gene expression level in these patients (p<0.0001). Caspase-9 protein level also revealed a marked elevation when PUFAs were administered along with chemotherapeutic agent (p<0.0001). DNA damage in gastric tissue from the patients under PUFAs treatment plus Cis-Platin was significantly higher than that of control group (p=0.003). PUFAs showed no significant changes in caspase-8 both at the gene and protein levels in the patients. CONCLUSION According to the results of present study, it appears that oral administration of PUFAs can elevate the efficacy of chemotherapy agent in individuals' mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. As PUFAs enhances caspase-3 and 9 genes expression levels, which is an important induce the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis process. The study was registered in Iran clinical trials registry center under No. IRCT2014031016922N1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Clinical Biochemistry, PhD, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
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Quist SR, Wiswedel I, Doering I, Quist J, Gollnick HP. Effects of Topical Tacrolimus and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on In Vivo Release of Eicosanoids in Atopic Dermatitis During Dermal Microdialysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:905-909. [PMID: 26911315 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with release of distinct inflammatory signals. This study investigated the presence of eicosanoids in AD skin and the effect of topical agents with potential to suppress inflammation. Twelve patients with moderate AD received topical treatment on either arm with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment or a lotion containing 12% ω-6 fatty acids (polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA) twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Interstitial fluid was collected in vivo via dermal microdialysis from 4 defined skin areas: lesional, non-lesional and topically treated skin (tacrolimus or PUFA). Markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes; 5- and 8-prostaglandin F2α) and inflammation (9α,11α-prostaglandin F2α; and prostaglandin E2) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All eicosanoid levels were reduced in non-lesional and tacrolimus-treated skin. A significant reduction was observed in total F2-isoprostanes; 9α,11α-prostaglandin F2α; and prostaglandin E2 in non-lesional skin and in 9α,11α-prostaglandin F2α in tacrolimus-treated compared with untreated AD skin. In conclusion, treatment with tacrolimus compared with PUFA appears to suppress eicosanoids more efficiently in AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven R Quist
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, DE-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Prego-Dominguez J, Hadrya F, Takkouche B. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2016; 19:521-535. [PMID: 27906932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is one of the most frequent disease symptoms and represents a global health problem with a considerable economic burden. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in chronic pain conditions was debated during the last decade with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To assess whether polyunsaturated fatty acids intake is useful as a preventive or curative tool in chronic pain. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING This study examined all published studies, either preventive or curative, on PUFA supplementation and chronic pain. METHODS We retrieved studies published in any language by searching systematically Medline, Embase, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, dissertations databases, and the 5 regional bibliographic databases of the World Health Organization until May 2015. We included both observational and intervention studies reporting effect measures and their confidence intervals of polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in the regular diet or supplementation and pain. Two investigators selected studies; extracted data independently on baseline characteristics, exposure, and outcomes; and rated the quality of interventional studies using Jadad score. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) of pain indexes such as the Visual Analogue Score. We further carried out subgroup analyses by disease, type of PUFA, outcome scale, quality index, dose, and time of supplementation. RESULTS We retrieved 5 observational and 46 intervention studies. Only one observational study showed a protective effect of PUFA. On the contrary, the interventional studies yielded a pooled random effects SMD of -0.40 (95% CI -0.58, -0.22), which indicates improvement, as 0 is the value that indicates absence of effect. The largest effect was found for dysmenorrhea (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.21, -0.43), Ω-3 supplementation (-0.47, 95% CI -0.68, -0.26) and composite scores (-0.58, 95% CI -1.07, -0.09). Mitigation of pain was stronger for low doses (-0.55, 95% CI -0.79, -0.30) and short supplementation periods (-0.56, 95% CI -0.86, -0.25). LIMITATIONS While the number of curative studies was large, that of preventive studies available was limited. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Ω-3 PUFA supplementation moderately improves chronic pain, mainly that due to dysmenorrhea. Further investigation on the preventive potential of PUFA supplementation is needed, as the amount of evidence is scarce. Key words: Meta-analysis, systematic review, chronic pain, PUFA, supplementation, Ω-3, dysmenorrhea.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Somi MH, Dolatkhah H, Esfahani A, Kafil HS, Ardebili SM. The effect of ω-fatty acids on mRNA expression level of PPARγ in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Oncol 2016; 38:191-194. [PMID: 27685528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antineoplastic role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligandshas previously been demonstrated in several gastric cancer cell lines. Activation of PPARγ by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibits growth and proliferationof tumor cells. In this double-blind clinical study, we evaluate the effect of PUFAs on PPARγ mRNA expression in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 chemotherapy-naive patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the present study. According to treatment strategies, all subjects were divided into two groups, the first group (17 individuals) received cisplatin without supplements and the second group (17 individuals) received cisplatin plus orally administered PUFAs supplements for 3 weeks. The gastric biopsy samples were obtained from all participants before and after treatment, and PPARγ mRNA expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using validated reference genes. RESULTS Our findings revealed that PPARγ mRNA expression is significantly upregulated in group II afterreceiving cisplatin plus orally administered PUFAs supplements for three weeks (p < 0.0001), whereas PPARγ mRNA expression did not show significant alteration in group I after receiving cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION The results of the study evidence that PPARγ may act as a potential target for the therapy of human gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Biology, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz 51388, Iran
| | - M-H Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - H Dolatkhah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - A Esfahani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - H S Kafil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - S M Ardebili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
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Sarmento Vasconcelos V, Macedo CR, de Souza Pedrosa A, Pereira Gomes Morais E, Porfírio GJM, Torloni MR. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for drug-resistant epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD011014. [PMID: 27536971 PMCID: PMC10510041 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011014.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 1% to 3% of all individuals will receive a diagnosis of epilepsy during their lives, which corresponds to approximately 50 million affected people worldwide. The real prevalence is possibly higher because epilepsy is underreported in developing countries. Although most will achieve adequate control of their disease though the use of medication, approximately 25% to 30% of all those with epilepsy are refractory to pharmacological treatment and will continue to have seizures despite the use of two or more agents in adequate dosages. Over the last decade, researchers have tested the use of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, with inconsistent results. There have also been some concerns about the use of omega-3 PUFA compounds because they reduce platelet aggregation and could, in theory, cause bleeding. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid-EPA and docosahexanoic acid-DHA) in the control of seizures in people with refractory epilepsy. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialised Register (from inception up to November 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2015, issue 11), MEDLINE (1948 to November 2015), EMBASE (1980 to November 2015), SCOPUS (1823 to November 2015); LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde) (1982 to November 2015); ClinicalTrials.gov; World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (November 2015). No language restrictions were imposed. We contacted study authors for additional and unpublished information and screened the reference lists of retrieved citations for potentially eligible studies not identified through the electronic search. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised and quasi-randomised studies using PUFAs for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors were involved in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the included trials. The following outcomes were assessed: seizure freedom, seizure reduction, improvement in quality of life, potential adverse effects, gastrointestinal effects, drop-out rates and changes in plasma lipid profile. Primary analyses were by intention to treat. MAIN RESULTS Eight studies were identified as potentially relevant; three fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the review. Two placebo-controlled, double blind trials involving adult participants were conducted in developed countries, while one placebo-controlled, single blind trial involving children was conducted in a developing country (Egypt). Bromfield 2008 randomised 27 American adults to receive 2.2 g/day of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA:DHA in a 3:2 ratio) or placebo. Yuen 2005 randomised 58 people in the UK to approximately 1.7 g/day omega-3 PUFAs (1g EPA and 0.7g DHA) or placebo. Reda 2015 randomised 70 Egyptian children to receive 3 ml/day of 1200 mg fish oil (providing 0.24 g DHA and 0.36 g EPA) or placebo. The three studies recruited a total of 155 subjects (85 adults and 70 children); 78 of them (43 adults and 35 children) were randomised to PUFAs and 77 (42 adults and 35 children) to placebo. All participants were followed for up to 12 weeks. Seizure freedom was reported by only one study, with a high risk of bias, involving exclusively children. The risk estimate for this outcome was significantly higher in the children receiving PUFA compared to the control group (risk ratio (RR) 20.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.84 to 140.99, 1 study, 70 children). Similarly, PUFA supplementation was associated with a significant difference in the proportion of children with at least 50% reduction in seizure frequency (RR 33.00 95% CI 4.77 to 228.15, 1 study with a high risk of bias, 70 children). However, this effect was not observed when the data from two studies including adult participants were pooled (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.75, I² 0%, 2 studies, 78 participants, low-quality evidence). One of our three primary outcomes (adverse effects related to bleeding) was not assessed in any of the studies included in this review. There were no significant differences between the PUFA and control groups in relation to gastrointestinal effects (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.89, 2 studies, 85 participants, low-quality evidence).Supplementation with PUFA did not produce significant differences in mean frequency of seizures, quality of life or other side effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In view of the limited number of studies and small sample sizes, there is not enough evidence to support the use of PUFA supplementation in people with refractory epilepsy. More trials are needed to assess the benefits of PUFA supplementation in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Sarmento Vasconcelos
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas ‐ UNCISALRua Doutor Jorge de Lima, 113Trapiche da BarraMaceióAlagoasBrazil57010‐300
| | - Cristiane R Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazil04038‐000
| | - Alexsandra de Souza Pedrosa
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas ‐ UNCISALRua Doutor Jorge de Lima, 113Trapiche da BarraMaceióAlagoasBrazil57010‐300
| | - Edna Pereira Gomes Morais
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas ‐ UNCISALRua Doutor Jorge de Lima, 113Trapiche da BarraMaceióAlagoasBrazil57010‐300
| | - Gustavo JM Porfírio
- Brazilian Cochrane CentreCentro de Estudos em Medicina Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazil04038‐000
| | - Maria R Torloni
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazil04038‐000
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Abstract
Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass, is being increasingly recognized to have a deleterious effect on outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. Factors related to diet and the inflammatory nature of chronic liver disease contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia in these patients. Sarcopenia adversely influences quality of life, performance, morbidity, success of transplantation, and even mortality. Specific deficiencies in macronutrients (protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E, carotenoids, and selenium) have been linked to sarcopenia. Lessons learned from nutritional therapy in geriatric patient populations may provide strategies to manage sarcopenia in patients with liver disease. Combining diet modification and nutrient supplementation with an organized program of exercise may help ameliorate or even reverse the effects of sarcopenia on an already complex disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kappus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMS 03142, Orange Zone, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | | | - Douglas Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A McClave
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Miller M, Sorkin JD, Mastella L, Sutherland A, Rhyne J, Donnelly P, Simpson K, Goldberg AP. Poly is more effective than monounsaturated fat for dietary management in the metabolic syndrome: The muffin study. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:996-1003. [PMID: 27578132 PMCID: PMC5010036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lifestyle recommendations to treat MetS often include the replacement of saturated fats (SFAs) and monosaccharides with unsaturated fat. However, it is unclear whether metabolic parameters will improve more when the saturated fat in American Heart Association (AHA) diets is replaced with higher concentrations of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA or PUFA). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that an AHA diet enriched in MUFA improves lipoprotein lipids, insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial function to a greater extent than a diet enriched in PUFA in middle-aged men and women with MetS. METHODS A prospective, open-label, parallel group design with randomization to a hypocaloric MUFA or PUFA-enriched diet after weight stabilization on an AHA step I diet. Participants consumed 3 MUFA-enriched or PUFA-enriched muffins daily with additional supplementation as required to ensure 25%-50% increases in dietary fat intake from these sources at the expense of SFA and the opposing unsaturated fat. Changes in MetS components were measured at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants (mean age, 60.8 years; 79% African-American, 60% women) with MetS completed the 6-month study. Compared to baseline, assignment to either MUFA (n = 23) or PUFA (n = 16) both were associated with weight loss (MUFA: -2.3 ± 1 kg, P = .06; PUFA: -4.6 ± 2 kg; P = .002), but PUFA was also associated with reductions in triglycerides (TG) (-30 ± 18 mg/dL, P = .02), systolic blood pressure (BP) (-7 ± 3 mm Hg, P = .01), diastolic BP (DBP) (-4 ± 2 mm Hg, P = .01) and improved flow mediated dilation (FMD) (7.1% ± 1.8% vs 13.6% ± 2%, absolute increase; P = .0001). When compared to MUFA treatment, PUFA intervention was associated with reduced TG (P = .04) and DBP (P = .07) as well as increased FMD (P = .04) even after adjustment for changes in weight. There was no effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), or other inflammatory proteins. Overall, 25% (4 of 16) assigned to PUFA and 13% (3 of 23) to MUFA converted to non-MetS status. CONCLUSION Substitution of SFA with PUFA in patients with MetS is associated with greater reductions in TG and improvement in endothelial function than MUFA that is independent of weight loss. These preliminary findings raise the possibility that PUFA may be the unsaturated fat of choice to reduce cardiometabolic risk in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.
| | - John D Sorkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Mastella
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Rhyne
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Simpson
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tande KS, Vo TD, Lynch BS. Clinical safety evaluation of marine oil derived from Calanus finmarchicus. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:25-31. [PMID: 27233921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. These PUFAs are associated with health benefits and additional sustainable sources of marine oils are desirable. One of the source organisms is Calanus finmarchicus, a copepod endemic to the North Atlantic. PUFAs in the lipid fraction of this organism are largely in the form of wax esters. To assess the safety of these wax esters as a source of PUFAs, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted whereby 64 subjects consumed 2 g Calanus oil in capsule form daily for a period of one year. A group of 53 subjects consumed placebo capsules. At baseline, 6-, and 12-months, series of evaluations were conducted, including: vital signs, clinical chemistry and hematological evaluations, and adverse event reporting. Food intake and physical exercise were controlled by means of a questionnaire. There were no effects on Calanus oil treatment on any of the safety parameters measured. A slight increase in the incidence of eczema was reported in the Calanus oil group, but the response was minor in nature, not statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, and could not be attributed to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt S Tande
- Calanus AS, Stakkevollveien 65, N-9010, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Barry S Lynch
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2X7, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review presents recent developments in the identification of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) of inflammation following supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in humans. RECENT FINDINGS A number of reports have measured SPMs in human plasma after n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Although studies have shown some variability in plasma SPM levels, there is strong evidence that a number of resolvins are increased after n-3 fatty acids to concentrations that have been shown to have biological activity. SPM concentrations at the inflammatory site would be expected to be higher than that in blood. SPMs derived from docosapentaenoic acid require further investigation. SUMMARY Resolution of inflammation is an active process with SPM playing a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Studies in humans are providing evidence to suggest that this may be a relevant mechanism that can be stimulated by n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Further research is now required to determine SPM profiles in patients with different chronic conditions and to examine whether supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects SPMs in relation to their clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) worldwide imposes a rethinking of individualized therapy for patients with both conditions. Central to bidirectional links between DM and CP is deregulated systemic inflammation and dysfunctional immune responses to altered-self and non-self. Control of blood glucose levels and metabolic imbalances associated with hyperglycemia in DM, and disruption of pathogenic subgingival biofilms in CP are currently the main therapeutic approaches for these conditions. Mounting evidence suggests the need to integrate immune modulatory therapeutics in treatment regimens that address the unresolved inflammation associated with DM and CP. The current review discusses the pathogenesis of DM and CP with emphasis on deregulated inflammation, current therapeutic approaches and the novel pro-resolution lipid mediators derived from Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Corneliu Sima, 245 First Street, Room 5145, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Abstract
Although fungi produce highly structurally diverse metabolites, many of which have served as excellent sources of pharmaceuticals, no fungi-derived agent has been approved as a cancer drug so far. This is despite a tremendous amount of research being aimed at the identification of fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activities. This review discusses the results of clinical testing of fungal metabolites and their synthetic derivatives, with the goal to evaluate how far we are from an approved cancer drug of fungal origin. Also, because in vivo studies in animal models are predictive of the efficacy and toxicity of a given compound in a clinical situation, literature describing animal cancer testing of compounds of fungal origin is reviewed as well. Agents showing the potential to advance to clinical trials are also identified. Finally, the technological challenges involved in the exploitation of fungal biodiversity and procurement of sufficient quantities of clinical candidates are discussed, and potential solutions that could be pursued by researchers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Pawełczyk T, Grancow M, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Trafalska E, Gębski P, Szemraj J, Żurner N, Pawełczyk A. Omega-3 fatty acids in first-episode schizophrenia - a randomized controlled study of efficacy and relapse prevention (OFFER): rationale, design, and methods. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 25934131 PMCID: PMC4456694 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism abnormalities have been long implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Although several randomized clinical trials have been carried out to assess the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA as add-on therapy in reducing psychopathology in populations of chronic patients with schizophrenia, only a few concern first-episode schizophrenia. The majority of these studies used a 12-week intervention based on ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (ethyl-EPA), however, with conflicting results. An intervention based on docosahexaenoic acid plus EPA has not been used in first-episode schizophrenia studies so far. No add-on supplementation studies have been carried out in medicated first-episode schizophrenia patients to assess the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA in preventing relapses. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled one-center trial will be used to compare the efficacy of 26-week intervention, composed of either 1320 mg/day of EPA and 880 mg/day of DHA, or olive oil placebo with regard to symptom severity and relapse rate in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Eighty-two patients (aged 16-35) will be recruited for the study. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention arms: an active arm or a placebo arm (olive oil). The primary outcome measure of the clinical evaluation is schizophrenia symptom severity measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Other outcomes include depressive symptoms, patient functioning and the level of insight. Correlates of change measured during the study will include structural brain changes, oxidative stress and defense, as well as neuroplasticity indicators. Metabolic syndrome components will also be assessed throughout the study. DISCUSSION By comparing 26-week administration of EPA + DHA or (placebo) olive oil as add-on therapy in reducing symptom severity and one-year relapse rate in patients with first episode schizophrenia, it is intended to provide new insights into the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and correlates of change, and contribute to the improvement of mental health care for individuals suffering from schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at Clinical Trials.gov with the following number: NCT02210962 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Grancow
- Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Trafalska
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Jaracza 63, 90-251, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gębski
- Scanlab Medical Diagnostics, ul. Przedzalniana 66, 90-338, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Żurner
- Clinical Psychology Resident in the Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Horrobin
- Efamol Research Institute, Kentville, N.S., Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Mills
- Department of Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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