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Du X, Tang Z, Yan L, Zhang L, Zheng Q, Zeng X, Hu Q, Tian Q, Liang L, Zhao X, Li J, Zhao M, Fu X. Norepinephrine may promote the progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum related colorectal cancer via quorum sensing signalling. Virulence 2024; 15:2350904. [PMID: 38725098 PMCID: PMC11085999 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is closely correlated with tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the effects of host norepinephrine on the carcinogenicity of F. nucleatum in CRC and reveal the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that both norepinephrine and bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecule auto-inducer-2 (AI-2) were positively associated with the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC (p < 0.01). In vitro studies, norepinephrine induced upregulation of QS-associated genes and promoted the virulence and proliferation of F. nucleatum. Moreover, chronic stress significantly increased the colon tumour burden of ApcMin/+ mice infected with F. nucleatum (p < 0.01), which was decreased by a catecholamine inhibitor (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that stress-induced norepinephrine may promote the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC via bacterial QS signalling. These preliminary data provide a novel strategy for the management of pathogenic bacteria by targeting host hormones-bacterial QS inter-kingdom signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xianghao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Hu
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lanfan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Rutherford JT, Avad K, Dureja C, Norseeda K, Gc B, Wu C, Sun D, Hevener KE, Hurdle JG. Evaluation of Fusobacterium nucleatum Enoyl-ACP Reductase (FabK) as a Narrow-Spectrum Drug Target. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1612-1623. [PMID: 38597503 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, a pathobiont inhabiting the oral cavity, contributes to opportunistic diseases, such as periodontal diseases and gastrointestinal cancers, which involve microbiota imbalance. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, while effective against F. nucleatum infections, can exacerbate dysbiosis. This necessitates the discovery of more targeted narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents. We therefore investigated the potential for the fusobacterial enoyl-ACP reductase II (ENR II) isoenzyme FnFabK (C4N14_ 04250) as a narrow-spectrum drug target. ENRs catalyze the rate-limiting step in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis pathway. Bioinformatics revealed that of the four distinct bacterial ENR isoforms, F. nucleatum specifically encodes FnFabK. Genetic studies revealed that fabK was indispensable for F. nucleatum growth, as the gene could not be deleted, and silencing of its mRNA inhibited growth under the test conditions. Remarkably, exogenous fatty acids failed to rescue growth inhibition caused by the silencing of fabK. Screening of synthetic phenylimidazole analogues of a known FabK inhibitor identified an inhibitor (i.e., 681) of FnFabK enzymatic activity and F. nucleatum growth, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM (1.0 μg/mL) and a MIC of 0.4 μg/mL, respectively. Exogenous fatty acids did not attenuate the activity of 681 against F. nucleatum. Furthermore, FnFabK was confirmed as the intracellular target of 681 based on the overexpression of FnFabK shifting MICs and 681-resistant mutants having amino acid substitutions in FnFabK or mutations in other genetic loci affecting fatty acid biosynthesis. 681 had minimal activity against a range of commensal flora, and it was less active against streptococci in physiologic fatty acids. Taken together, FnFabK is an essential enzyme that is amenable to drug targeting for the discovery and development of narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Rutherford
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kristiana Avad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Chetna Dureja
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Krissada Norseeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Bibek Gc
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chenggang Wu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Kirk E Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Julian G Hurdle
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Shen S, Liu X, Huang J, Sun Y, Liu B, Song W, Meng L, Du M, Feng Q. Efficacy of a mouthwash containing ε-poly-L-lysine, funme peptides and domiphen in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:525. [PMID: 38702623 PMCID: PMC11069150 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of a combination of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), funme peptide (FP) as well as domiphen against oral pathogens, and assess the efficacy of a BOP® mouthwash supplemented with this combination in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque in a clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the compound against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were determined by the gradient dilution method. Subsequently, the CCK-8 assay was used to detect the toxicity of mouthwash on human gingival fibroblastst, and the effectiveness in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque of the mouthwash supplemented with the combination was analyzed by a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial. RESULTS The combination exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tested oral pathogens with the MIC < 1.56% (v/v) and the MBC < 3.13% (v/v), and the mouthwash containing this combination did not inhibit the viability of human gingival fibroblasts at the test concentrations. The clinical trial showed that the test group displayed notably lower volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) at 0, 10, 24 h, and 7 d post-mouthwash (P < 0.05), compared with the baseline. After 7 days, the VSC levels of the and control groups were reduced by 50.27% and 32.12%, respectively, and notably cutting severe halitosis by 57.03% in the test group. Additionally, the Plaque Index (PLI) of the test and control group decreased by 54.55% and 8.38%, respectively, and there was a significant difference in PLI between the two groups after 7 days (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The combination of ε-PL, FP and domiphen demonstrated potent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against the tested oral pathogens, and the newly formulated mouthwash added with the combination exhibited anti-dental plaque and anti-halitosis properties in a clinical trial and was safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION The randomized controlled clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2300073816, Date: 21/07/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shandong University-BOP Joint Oral Microbiome Laboratory, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Shanghai Gemang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shanghai Gemang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shanghai Gemang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhu Song
- Shandong University-BOP Joint Oral Microbiome Laboratory, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Shandong University-BOP Joint Oral Microbiome Laboratory, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mi Du
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong University-BOP Joint Oral Microbiome Laboratory, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Su M, Wen X, Yu Y, Li N, Li X, Qu X, Elsabahy M, Gao H. Engineering lauric acid-based nanodrug delivery systems for restoring chemosensitivity and improving biocompatibility of 5-FU and OxPt against Fn-associated colorectal tumor. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3947-3958. [PMID: 38586917 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs in the colorectum and ranks second in the global incidence of all cancers, accounting for one of the highest mortalities. Although the combination chemotherapy regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and platinum(IV) oxaliplatin prodrug (OxPt) is an effective strategy for CRC treatment in clinical practice, chemotherapy resistance caused by tumor-resided Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) could result in treatment failure. To enhance the efficacy and improve the biocompatibility of combination chemotherapy, we developed an antibacterial-based nanodrug delivery system for Fn-associated CRC treatment. A tumor microenvironment-activated nanomedicine 5-FU-LA@PPL was constructed by the self-assembly of chemotherapeutic drug derivatives 5-FU-LA and polymeric drug carrier PPL. PPL is prepared by conjugating lauric acid (LA) and OxPt to hyperbranched polyglycidyl ether. In principle, LA is used to selectively combat Fn, inhibit autophagy in CRC cells, restore chemosensitivity of 5-FU as well as OxPt, and consequently enhance the combination chemotherapy effects for Fn-associated drug-resistant colorectal tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo studies exhibited that the tailored nanomedicine possessed efficient antibacterial and anti-tumor activities with improved biocompatibility and reduced non-specific toxicity. Hence, this novel anti-tumor strategy has great potential in the combination chemotherapy of CRC, which suggests a clinically relevant valuable option for bacteria-associated drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Yunjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Boreak N, Alrajab EA, Nahari RA, Najmi LE, Masmali MA, Ghawi AA, Al Moaleem MM, Alhazmi MY, Maqbul AA. Unveiling Therapeutic Potential: Targeting Fusobacterium nucleatum's Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis for Endodontic Infections-An In Silico Screening Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4239. [PMID: 38673822 PMCID: PMC11049844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex microbial communities have been reported to be involved in endodontic infections. The microorganisms invade the dental pulp leading to pulpitis and initiating pulp inflammation. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a dominant bacterium implicated in both primary and secondary endodontic infections. Drugs targeting the molecular machinery of F. nucleatum will minimize pulp infection. LpxA and LpxD are early acyltransferases involved in the formation of lipid A, a major component of bacterial membranes. The identification of leads which exhibit preference towards successive enzymes in a single pathway can also prevent the development of bacterial resistance. A stringent screening strategy utilizing physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters along with a virtual screening approach identified two compounds, Lomefloxacin and Enoxacin, with good binding affinity towards the early acyltransferases LpxA and LpxD. Lomefloxacin and Enoxacin, members of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic class, exhibit wide-ranging activity against diverse bacterial strains. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in the context of endodontic treatment requires further investigation. This study explored the potential of Lomefloxacin and Enoxacin to manage endodontic infections via computational analysis. Moreover, the compounds identified herein serve as a foundation for devising novel combinatorial libraries with enhanced efficacy for endodontic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Boreak
- College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.A.); (R.A.N.); (L.E.N.); (M.A.M.); (A.A.G.); (M.M.A.M.); (M.Y.A.); (A.A.M.)
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6
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Haidari H, Bright R, Kopecki Z, Zilm PS, Garg S, Cowin AJ, Vasilev K, Goswami N. Polycationic Silver Nanoclusters Comprising Nanoreservoirs of Ag + Ions with High Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:390-403. [PMID: 34935355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver-based nano-antibiotics are rapidly developing as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Ideally, to remain potent against a wide range of drug-resistant and anaerobic bacteria, silver-based nano-antibiotics should easily penetrate through the bacterial cell walls and actively release silver ions. In this study, highly monodispersed, ultrasmall (<3 nm), polycationic silver nanoclusters (pAgNCs) are designed and synthesized for the elimination of a range of common Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens and their corresponding established and matured biofilms, including those composed of multiple species. The pAgNCs also show greatly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis. These results demonstrate that the cationic nature facilitates better penetration to the bacterial cell membrane while the presence of a high percentage (>50%) of silver ions (i.e., Ag+ nanoreservoirs) on the cluster surface maintains their efficiency in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Significantly, the pAgNCs showed a strong capacity to significantly delay the development of bacterial resistance when compared to similar-sized negatively charged silver nanoparticles or conventional antibiotics. This study demonstrates a novel design strategy that can lay the foundation for the development of future highly potent nano-antibiotics effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and biofilms needed in many everyday life applications and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Peter S Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Nirmal Goswami
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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7
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Ferreira JA, Kantorski KZ, Dubey N, Daghrery A, Fenno JC, Mishina Y, Chan HL, Mendonça G, Bottino MC. Personalized and Defect-Specific Antibiotic-Laden Scaffolds for Periodontal Infection Ablation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:49642-49657. [PMID: 34637255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis compromises the integrity and function of tooth-supporting structures. Although therapeutic approaches have been offered, predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues remains intangible, particularly in anatomically complex defects. In this work, personalized and defect-specific antibiotic-laden polymeric scaffolds containing metronidazole (MET), tetracycline (TCH), or their combination (MET/TCH) were created via electrospinning. An initial screening of the synthesized fibers comprising chemo-morphological analyses, cytocompatibility assessment, and antimicrobial validation against periodontopathogens was accomplished to determine the cell-friendly and anti-infective nature of the scaffolds. According to the cytocompatibility and antimicrobial data, the 1:3 MET/TCH formulation was used to obtain three-dimensional defect-specific scaffolds to treat periodontally compromised three-wall osseous defects in rats. Inflammatory cell response and new bone formation were assessed by histology. Micro-computerized tomography was performed to assess bone loss in the furcation area at 2 and 6 weeks post implantation. Chemo-morphological and cell compatibility analyses confirmed the synthesis of cytocompatible antibiotic-laden fibers with antimicrobial action. Importantly, the 1:3 MET/TCH defect-specific scaffolds led to increased new bone formation, lower bone loss, and reduced inflammatory response when compared to antibiotic-free scaffolds. Altogether, our results suggest that the fabrication of defect-specific antibiotic-laden scaffolds holds great potential toward the development of personalized (i.e., patient-specific medication) scaffolds to ablate infection while affording regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ferreira
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Karla Z Kantorski
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Periodontology Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
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8
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Ben Lagha A, Maquera Huacho P, Grenier D. A cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) extract impairs the growth, virulence properties, and inflammatory potential of Fusobacterium nucleatum and improves oral epithelial barrier function. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252029. [PMID: 34029354 PMCID: PMC8143394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with many conditions and diseases, including periodontal diseases that affect tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on F. nucleatum with respect to growth, biofilm formation, adherence, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The anti-inflammatory properties and the effect on epithelial barrier function of the cocoa extract were also assessed. The cocoa extract, whose major phenolic compound is epicatechin, dose-dependently inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, adherence properties (basement membrane matrix, oral epithelial cells), and H2S production of F. nucleatum. It also decreased IL-6 and IL-8 production by F. nucleatum-stimulated oral epithelial cells and inhibited F. nucleatum-induced NF-κB activation in monocytes. Lastly, the cocoa extract enhanced the barrier function of an oral epithelial model by increasing the transepithelial electrical resistance. We provide evidence that the beneficial properties of an epicatechin-rich cocoa extract may be useful for preventing and/or treating periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Maquera Huacho
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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Brennan CA, Nakatsu G, Gallini Comeau CA, Drew DA, Glickman JN, Schoen RE, Chan AT, Garrett WS. Aspirin Modulation of the Colorectal Cancer-Associated Microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum. mBio 2021; 12:e00547-21. [PMID: 33824205 PMCID: PMC8092249 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00547-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a chemopreventive agent for colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRC) that, like many drugs inclusive of chemotherapeutics, has been investigated for its effects on bacterial growth and virulence gene expression. Given the evolving recognition of the roles for bacteria in CRC, in this work, we investigate the effects of aspirin with a focus on one oncomicrobe-Fusobacterium nucleatum We show that aspirin and its primary metabolite salicylic acid alter F. nucleatum strain Fn7-1 growth in culture and that aspirin can effectively kill both actively growing and stationary Fn7-1. We also demonstrate that, at levels that do not inhibit growth, aspirin influences Fn7-1 gene expression. To assess whether aspirin modulation of F. nucleatum may be relevant in vivo, we use the ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumor model in which Fn7-1 is orally inoculated daily to reveal that aspirin-supplemented chow is sufficient to inhibit F. nucleatum-potentiated colonic tumorigenesis. We expand our characterization of aspirin sensitivity across other F. nucleatum strains, including those isolated from human CRC tissues, as well as other CRC-associated microbes, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli Finally, we determine that individuals who use aspirin daily have lower fusobacterial abundance in colon adenoma tissues, as determined by quantitative PCR performed on adenoma DNA. Together, our data support that aspirin has direct antibiotic activity against F. nucleatum strains and suggest that consideration of the potential effects of aspirin on the microbiome holds promise in optimizing risk-benefit assessments for use of aspirin in CRC prevention and management.IMPORTANCE There is an increasing understanding of the clinical correlations and potential mechanistic roles of specific members of the gut and tumoral microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, and survival. However, we have yet to parlay this knowledge into better CRC outcomes through microbially informed diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrate that aspirin, an established CRC chemopreventive, exhibits specific effects on the CRC-associated Fusobacterium nucleatum in culture, an animal model of intestinal tumorigenesis, and in human colonic adenoma tissues. Our work proposes a potential role for aspirin in influencing CRC-associated bacteria to prevent colorectal adenomas and cancer, beyond aspirin's canonical anti-inflammatory role targeting host tissues. Future research, such as studies investigating the effects of aspirin on fusobacterial load in patients, will help further elucidate the prospect of using aspirin to modulate F. nucleatumin vivo for improving CRC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Brennan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini Comeau
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Matsugishi A, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Yokoji-Takeuchi M, Yamada-Hara M, Mikami Y, Hayatsu M, Terao Y, Domon H, Taniguchi M, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Tabeta K. Rice peptide with amino acid substitution inhibits biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104956. [PMID: 33157493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rice peptide has antibacterial properties that have been tested in planktonic bacterial culture. However, bacteria form biofilm at disease sites and are resistant to antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of action of rice peptide and its amino acid substitution against periodontopathic bacteria and their antibiofilm effects. DESIGN Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were treated with AmyI-1-18 rice peptide or its arginine-substituted analog, G12R, under anaerobic conditions. The amount of biofilm was evaluated by crystal violet staining. The integrity of the bacteria cytoplasmic membrane was studied in a propidium iodide (PI) stain assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Both AmyI-1-18 and G12R inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum; in particular, G12R inhibited F. nucleatum at lower concentrations. However, neither peptide eradicated established biofilms significantly. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against P. gingivalis, AmyI-1-18 has bacteriostatic properties and G12R has bactericidal activity, and both peptides showed bactericidal activity against F. nucleatum. PI staining and TEM analysis indicated that membrane disruption by G12R was enhanced, which suggests that the replacement amino acid reinforced the electostatic interaction between the peptide and bacteria by increase of cationic charge and α-helix content. CONCLUSIONS Rice peptide inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and bactericidal activity via membrane destruction was enhanced by amino acid substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Matsugishi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan; Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yukari Aoki-Nonaka
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Mai Yokoji-Takeuchi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Miki Yamada-Hara
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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11
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Matsumura Y, Hinode D, Fukui M, Yoshioka M, Asakuma H, Takii H. Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating: A crossover trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:197-206. [PMID: 32250572 PMCID: PMC7133734 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue-coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III. RESULTS There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2 S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2 S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Daisuke Hinode
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Masami Yoshioka
- Faculty of Health and WelfareTokushima Bunri UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroki Asakuma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Takii
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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12
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Park D, Choi EJ, Weon KY, Lee W, Lee SH, Choi JS, Park GH, Lee B, Byun MR, Baek K, Choi JW. Non-Invasive Photodynamic Therapy against -Periodontitis-causing Bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8248. [PMID: 31160615 PMCID: PMC6546788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by causative bacteria in the gingival sulcus. However, as the lesion is often deep and out of circulation system and biofilm is frequently formed on the bacteria cluster, use of antibacterial agents has been limited and the invasive method such as curettage is thought as an only treatment. Here we designed non-invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT), with the ointment which leads a photosensitizer deliverable into gingival sulcus. We assessed whether 650 nm light-emitting-diode (LED) penetrates the 3-mm soft tissue and effectively activates a photosensitizer toluidine-blue-O (TBO) through the thickness to remove Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum species. The oral ointment formulation was optimized to efficiently deliver the photosensitizer into gingival sulcus and its efficacy of PDT was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models. Four weeks of TBO-formulation mediated-PDT treatment significantly attenuated periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss and inflammatory cytokines production in rats. These results confirm that a 650 nm LED indeed penetrates the gingiva and activates our TBO formulation which is sufficiently delivered to, and retained within, the gingival sulcus; thus, it effectively kills the bacteria that reside around the gingival sulcus. Collectively, TBO-mediated PDT using LED irradiation has potential as a safe adjunctive procedure for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Choenbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Yeon Weon
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Choenbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Hoon Lee
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Choenbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bada Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, Ferrer MD, Mira A, Bartolomé B, González de Llano D, Moreno-Arribas MV. Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2071-2082. [PMID: 29464948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several benefits have been described for red wine polyphenols and probiotic strains in the promotion of colonic metabolism and health. On the contrary, knowledge about their role in the management of oral health is still scarce. In this work, the antiadhesive capacity of selected red wine polyphenols and oenological extracts against the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro model of human gingival fibroblasts has been explored as well as their complementary action with the candidate oral probiotic Streptococcus dentisani. Results highlighted the antiadhesive capacity of caffeic and p-coumaric acids as well as grape seed and red wine oenological extracts. Both, caffeic and p-coumaric acids increased their inhibition potential against S. mutans adhesion when combined with S. dentisani. Additionally, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the oral metabolism of wine phenolics due to both, cellular and bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Esteban-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Irene Zorraquín-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria D Ferrer
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health , FISABIO Foundation , 46020 Valencia , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health , FISABIO Foundation , 46020 Valencia , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Dolores González de Llano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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14
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Azizan N, Mohd Said S, Zainal Abidin Z, Jantan I. Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and Ficus deltoidea Jack against Pathogenic Oral Bacteria. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122135. [PMID: 29206142 PMCID: PMC6149972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the essential oils of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and Ficus deltoidea Jack were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against invasive oral pathogens, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Chemical composition of the oils was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the oils and their major constituents were investigated using the broth microdilution method (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)). Susceptibility test, anti-adhesion, anti-biofilm, checkerboard and time-kill assays were also carried out. Physiological changes of the bacterial cells after exposure to the oils were observed under the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). O. stamineus and F. deltoidea oils mainly consisted of sesquiterpenoids (44.6% and 60.9%, respectively), and β-caryophyllene was the most abundant compound in both oils (26.3% and 36.3%, respectively). Other compounds present in O. stamineus were α-humulene (5.1%) and eugenol (8.1%), while α-humulene (5.5%) and germacrene D (7.7%) were dominant in F. deltoidea. The oils of both plants showed moderate to strong inhibition against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values ranging 0.63–2.5 mg/mL. However, none showed any inhibition on monospecies biofilms. The time-kill assay showed that combination of both oils with amoxicillin at concentrations of 1× and 2× MIC values demonstrated additive antibacterial effect. The FESEM study showed that both oils produced significant alterations on the cells of Gram-negative bacteria as they became pleomorphic and lysed. In conclusion, the study indicated that the oils of O. stamineus and F. deltoidea possessed moderate to strong antibacterial properties against the seven strains pathogenic oral bacteria and may have caused disturbances of membrane structure or cell wall of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramirah Azizan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
- Department of Clinical oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Shahida Mohd Said
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Zamirah Zainal Abidin
- Department of Clinical oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
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15
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Kang JH, Kim DJ, Choi BK, Park JW. Inhibition of malodorous gas formation by oral bacteria with cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:133-138. [PMID: 28987726 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial efficacy of zinc- (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium-chloride (CPC) and their inhibition capacity on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production by oral bacterial strains were investigated. DESIGN Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and growth curves were determined for ZnCl2, CPC, and CPC with ZnCl2 solutions against eight oral microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both halitosis and periodontal disease. Gas chromatography was applied to measure VSCs (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S) production levels of each strains following exposure to the solutions. RESULTS ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibited growth of all eight strains. ZnCl2 was generally more effective than CPC in suppressing bacterial growth excluding A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia. Synergism between CPC and ZnCl2 was shown in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC for CPC was significantly lower than ZnCl2. VSC production was detected in five bacterial strains (A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia). Each bacterial strain showed unique VSCs production profiles. H2S was produced by F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola, CH3SH by all five strains and (CH3)2S by A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola. Production of CH3SH, the most malodorous component among the three major VSCs from mouth air was evident in F. nucleatum and T. forsythia. CONCLUSION Both ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth causative of halitosis and periodontal disease, resulting in a direct decrease of bacterial VSCs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Kang
- Department of Oral medicine and Orofacial pain, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abstract
An understanding of biofilm behavior of periodontopathic bacteria is key to the development of effective oral therapies. We hypothesized that interspecies bacterial aggregates play an important role in anaerobic biofilm establishment and proliferation, and contribute to the survivability of the biofilm against therapeutic agents. The system developed in this study assessed a multi-species ( Streptococcus gordonii, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) biofilm formation under anaerobic and flowing conditions with the use of an in situ image analysis system. The biofilm was comprised of a base film of non-aggregated cells and complex interspecies aggregates that formed in the planktonic phase which rapidly colonized the surface, reaching 58 ± 9% and 65 ± 11.8% coverage by 5 and 24 hrs, respectively. Upon SDS (0.1%) treatment of a 24-hour biofilm, substantial detachment (55 ± 14%, P < 0.05) of the aggregates was observed, while the base film bacteria remained attached but non-viable. Rapid re-establishment of the biofilm occurred via attachment of viable planktonic aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Filoche
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Rakašević D, Lazić Z, Rakonjac B, Soldatović I, Janković S, Magić M, Aleksić Z. Efficiency of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis – A three-month randomized controlled clinical trial. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2016; 144:478-484. [PMID: 29652462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory lesion of peri-implant tissues. Eradication of the causative bacteria and decontamination of the implant surface is essential in achieving predictable and stabile clinical results. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is non-invasive adjuvant therapeutic method to surgery in the treatment of bacterial infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate early clinical and microbiological outcomes of periimplantitis after surgical therapy with adjuvant PDT. METHODS Fifty-two diagnosed peri-implantitis sites were divided into two groups. PDT was used for decontamination of implant surface in the study group; in the control group, chlorhexidine gel (CHX) followed by saline irrigation was applied. Several clinical parameters were recorded before the treatment (baseline values) and three months after surgical treatment. Samples for microbiological identification were collected before therapy, during the surgical therapy (before and after decontamination of implant surface), and three months thereafter, and analyzed with identification systems using biochemical analysis. RESULTS The use of PDT resulted in significant decrease of bleeding on probing in comparison to CHX (p < 0.001). It showed significant decontamination of implant surfaces with complete elimination of anaerobic bacteria immediately after surgical procedure and three months later. CONCLUSION The results indicate that PDT can be used as an adjuvant therapy to surgery for decontamination of implant surface and surrounding peri-implant tissues within the treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Vanni R, Waldner-Tomic NM, Belibasakis GN, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Thurnheer T. Antibacterial Efficacy of a Propolis Toothpaste and Mouthrinse Against a Supragingival Multispecies Biofilm. Oral Health Prev Dent 2016; 13:531-5. [PMID: 26106649 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a34372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine in vitro the antibacterial properties of propolis toothpaste and mouthrinse against an in vitro multispecies biofilm model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-species biofilms grown anaerobically on pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite disks were fed with glucose/sucrose-supplemented medium 3 times daily for 45 min and incubated in 37°C saliva between feedings for up to 64.5 h. At each interval, biofilms were exposed to six different slurries and solutions, including: 1) toothpaste without propolis, 2) toothpaste with propolis, 3) toothpaste with chlorhexidine, 4) mouthrinse with propolis, 5) mouthrinse with chlorhexidine, 6) saline solution (control). Afterwards, biofilms were harvested and the number of colony forming units were determined (CFU). The results were analysed using ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni test at a 5% significance level. RESULTS The strongest CFU reduction was shown after treatment with 0.12% chlorhexidine (p<0.0004). When comparing the different toothpastes, there was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in CFU reduction. However, they all showed a significant reduction in CFU of more than one log-step vs the saline control group. Nevertheless, the propolis-containing mouthrinse showed no significant reduction in CFU. CONCLUSION All toothpastes under investigation displayed some growth inhibition in this supragingival biofilm model, which accounted for an approximately 80%-88% linear reduction. However, the propolis mouthwash had no effect.
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Kang JH, Jang YJ, Kim DJ, Park JW. Antimicrobial effectiveness of cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc chloride-containing mouthrinses on bacteria of halitosis and peri-implant disease. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2015; 30:1341-7. [PMID: 26478974 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the antimicrobial efficacy of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) by testing their impact on the growth of seven bacterial strains known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both peri-implant disease and halitosis-Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A time-response growth curve was obtained. Commercial mouthrinses with CPC, ZnCl2, or both were added to the media in a final concentration of 0.25% CPC, 2.5% ZnCl2, and 2.5% ZnCl2 with 0.25% CPC. RESULTS Both CPC and ZnCl2 effectively inhibited the growth of almost all bacterial strains tested except T denticola. ZnCl2 was generally more effective in suppressing bacterial growth than CPC. ZnCl2 with CPC showed the greatest inhibitory activities on almost all strains of bacterial growth except for P gingivalis and T denticola, followed by ZnCl2, then CPC, thus suggesting the possibility of a synergistic effect of the two agents. P gingivalis exhibited a different pattern because ZnCl2 showed the most significant inhibitory effect. CPC did not show growth inhibitory effects on T denticola, but ZnCl2 did. CONCLUSION Zinc and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth that causes both halitosis and peri-implant disease. The effect is even more powerful when applied in combination.
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Latimer J, Munday JL, Buzza KM, Sreenivasan PK, McBain AJ. Antibacterial efficacy of a cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthrinse against Fusobacterium nucleatum and in vitro plaques. Am J Dent 2015; 28 Spec No A:9A-13A. [PMID: 26591620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the antimicrobial effects of a fluoride-free and alcohol-free mouthrinse containing 0.075% CPC (test rinse, TR) compared with an otherwise-identical CPC-free control rinse (CR). METHODS Activity against laboratory cultures of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a bacterium associated with gingival disease, was determined using viable counting following 30-second exposures to TR and CR. Effects against intact saliva-derived plaque biofilms were quantified using confocal microscopy coupled with three-dimensional image analyses (viability profiling). RESULTS Short exposures to TR caused significant inactivation of F. nucleatum, as determined by viable counting (c. 3 log reduction compared to the control rinse, P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed extensive inactivation of complex oral biofilms following treatment with TR; biofilms were significantly less viable than those exposed to CR and three-dimensional images revealed extensive zones of dead bacteria even within plaque depths. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrates that the CPC-containing mouthrinse has significant antibacterial efficacy against oral bacteria associated with gingival disease and significantly inactivated plaque biofilm in comparison to a relevant control.
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Rani S, Chandra RV, Reddy AA, Reddy BH, Nagarajan S, Naveen A. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane Colonization--An in Vitro Study. J Int Acad Periodontol 2015; 17:66-76. [PMID: 26373223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the colonization and penetration of specific bacteria on nanosilver-impregnated GTR (guided tissue regeneration) membranes. METHODS Three sets of GTR membranes were used in this study: 1) GTR-C: Plain GTR membrane as a negative control; 2) GTR-NS: GTR membrane impregnated with silver nanoparticles as the test group; 3) GTR-DOX: GTR membrane impregnated with 25% (w/w) doxycycline hydrochloride acting as a positive control. Stress-strain characteristics were calculated to determine the physical properties of the control and impregnated membranes. Qualitative observation of microbial adherence and bacterial penetration through GTR membranes were performed by using four organisms (Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis) reported to have strong adherent capabilities to collagen membranes. RESULTS The mean bacterial adherence scores were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the GTR-C group when compared to GTR-DOX and GTR-NS groups. GTR-NS showed lower adherence scores than GTR-DOX across all four microorganisms; this difference, however was not statistically significant. The difference in colony forming units (CFUs) was highly significant (p < 0.001), suggesting greater penetration in GTR-C membranes when compared to GTR-NS and GTR-DOX groups. Though the mean CFUs were lower in GTR-DOX than in GTR-NS across all four microorganisms, this difference was statistically significant only for S. mutans and F. nucleatum. CONCLUSION The incorporation of silver nanoparticles may be of value when controlling membrane-associated infection. Studies with different nanosilver particle sizes should be conducted to further evaluate the beneficial properties of nanosilver against periodontal pathogens.
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Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal diseases have a close relationship with microbes such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Graphene oxide (GO), as the derivative of graphene, plays an important role in many areas including biology and medicine. In particular, it has been known as a promising antimicrobial nanomaterial. In this study, we focused on the antimicrobial property of GO against dental pathogens. With the utilization of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduced test, colony forming units (CFU) counting, growth curve observation, live/dead fluorescent staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we found GO nanosheets were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of dental pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the cell wall and membrane of bacteria lost their integrity and the intracellular contents leaked out after they were treated by GO. Therefore, GO nanosheets would be an effective antibacterial material against dental pathogens and the potential applications in dental care and therapy are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang He
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, and §Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Babu JP, Garcia-Godoy F. In vitro comparison of commercial oral rinses on bacterial adhesion and their detachment from biofilm formed on hydroxyapatite disks. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015; 12:365-71. [PMID: 24624400 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a31674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study was designed to assess the effectiveness of three oral rinses on bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and hydroxyapatite surfaces. The role of oral rinses on the detachment of bacteria from biofilm was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of three oral rinses, Acclean, Noplak and Prevention were tested against a wide range of oral bacteria. Oral rinse antimicrobial activity was determined by an MTT assay for bacterial viability, by live/ dead staining and by measuring the bacterial metabolic activity using an XTT assay. RESULTS The two oral rinses that contained 0.12% chlorhexidine had the greatest antibacterial activity on both planktonic and bio lm-grown organisms when compared to the Prevention oral rinse. CONCLUSION Both Acclean and Noplak were extremely effective in lowering the number of bacteria attached to buccal epithelial cells and pelllicles. In addition, these two oral rinses were also effective against the biofilm bacteria.
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Xue J, Niu Y, Gong M, Shi R, Chen D, Zhang L, Lvov Y. Electrospun microfiber membranes embedded with drug-loaded clay nanotubes for sustained antimicrobial protection. ACS Nano 2015; 9:1600-1612. [PMID: 25584992 DOI: 10.1021/nn506255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes with sustained drug delivery were developed by electrospinning drug-loaded halloysite clay nanotubes doped into poly(caprolactone)/gelatin microfibers. Use of 20 wt % nanotube content in fiber membranes allowed for 25 wt % metronidazole drug loading in the membrane. Nanotubes with a diameter of 50 nm and a length of 600 nm were aligned within the 400 nm diameter electrospun fibers, resulting in membranes with doubling of tensile strength along the collector rotating direction. The halloysite-doped membranes acted as barriers against cell ingrows and have good biocompatibility. The metronidazole-loaded halloysite nanotubes incorporated in the microfibers allowed for extended release of the drugs over 20 days, compared to 4 days when directly admixed into the microfibers. The sustained release of metronidazole from the membranes prevented the colonization of anaerobic Fusobacteria, while eukaryotic cells could still adhere to and proliferate on the drug-loaded composite membranes. This indicates the potential of halloysite clay nanotubes as drug containers that can be incorporated into electrospun membranes for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, PR China
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Tsarev VN, Ippolitov EV, Trefilov AG, Arutiunov SD, Pivovarov AA. [Features of adhesion of anaerobic periodontopathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans fungi to experimental samples of basis dental plastic depending on surface roughness and polishing method]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2014:21-27. [PMID: 25816509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study the main surface parameters of milled polyacrylic materials using atomic force microscopy and primary microbial adhesion of periodontopathogenic group bacteria and Candida albicans fungi taking into consideration the method of sample polishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studied samples: mill-treated without polishing (control); ergobox polished; polished in dental laboratory conditions; polished by a rubber brush in dentists' office. Microbial strains belonging to periodontopathogenic species (clinical isolates) that had been isolated from periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguis, C. albicans fungi were used for modelling experiments of primary adhesion of microbes to the material samples. RESULTS S. sanguis had the highest degree of adhesion to polymer after milling, P. gingivalis, C. albicans--medium, F. nucleatum--low. A significant reduction of adhesion is observed during polishing in dental laboratory conditions or ergobox, less significant--during polishing in dental office. CONCLUSION The data obtained allow to make a conclusion that the samples from polymer materials for preparation of prosthesis basis have varying degree of intensity of microbial adhesion of members of periodontopathogenic microflora and C. albicans fungi that depends on the polishing method, that accordingly determined the differences in colonization resistance against formation of microbial biofilm during polymer use in clinical conditions. . ,
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Seneviratne CJ, Leung KCF, Wong CH, Lee SF, Li X, Leung PC, Lau CBS, Wat E, Jin L. Nanoparticle-encapsulated chlorhexidine against oral bacterial biofilms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103234. [PMID: 25170958 PMCID: PMC4149348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a widely used antimicrobial agent in dentistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel mesoporous silica nanoparticle-encapsulated pure CHX (Nano-CHX), and its mechanical profile and antimicrobial properties against oral biofilms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The release of CHX from the Nano-CHX was characterized by UV/visible absorption spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of Nano-CHX were evaluated in both planktonic and biofilm modes of representative oral pathogenic bacteria. The Nano-CHX demonstrated potent antibacterial effects on planktonic bacteria and mono-species biofilms at the concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococccus faecalis. Moreover, Nano-CHX effectively suppressed multi-species biofilms such as S. mutans, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis up to 72 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This pioneering study demonstrates the potent antibacterial effects of the Nano-CHX on oral biofilms, and it may be developed as a novel and promising anti-biofilm agent for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Creativity, and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental & Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Hin Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Creativity, and Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental & Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Partner State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang D, Liu CH, Zhang J, Cai D, Yang X, Li S, Zhong H. [Effects of cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets on halitosis induced by oral conditions]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2014; 34:1386-1389. [PMID: 25263382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets on halitosis induced by oral conditions. METHODS With Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum as the testing bacteria, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets was determined using minute amount serial dilution test. The production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) was measured using sulfide detector halimeter in the anaerobic bacteria culture at 4 and 8 h after addition of the tablets. The effect of the tablets in suppressing odor production by mouth-borne halitosis bacteria was assessed using cysteine challenge test in healthy volunteers, and the effectiveness was evaluated by measuring the reduction in VSCs production and the duration of the effect. RESULTS Cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets inhibited the growth of all the 3 bacteria. The tablets obviously inhibited VSCs production by the 3 bacteria with a effect similar to chlorhexidine. Compared with distilled water gargle, the buccal tablets significantly reduced cysteine-induced VSCs production level in the healthy volunteers (P<0.05), and the effect lasted for 230 min. CONCLUSION Cetylpyridinium chloride tablets can obviously suppress bacteria responsible for oral halitosis and produce good effects in the treatment of halitosis induced by oral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- epartment of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou 510280, China. E-mail:
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Muñoz-González I, Thurnheer T, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Red wine and oenological extracts display antimicrobial effects in an oral bacteria biofilm model. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4731-4737. [PMID: 24773294 DOI: 10.1021/jf501768p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effects of red wine and its inherent components on oral microbiota were studied by using a 5-species biofilm model of the supragingival plaque that includes Actinomyces oris, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar. Microbiological analysis (CFU counting and confocal laser scanning microscopy) of the biofilms after the application of red wine, dealcoholized red wine, and red wine extract solutions spiked or not with grape seed and inactive dry yeast extracts showed that the solutions spiked with seed extract were effective against F. nucleatum, S. oralis and A. oris. Also, red wine and dealcoholized wine had an antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum and S. oralis. Additional experiments showed almost complete and early degradation of flavan-3-ol precursors [(+)-catechin and procyanidin B2] when incubating biofilms with the red wine extract. To our knowledge, this is the first study of antimicrobial properties of wine in an oral biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Misuriya A, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Aggrawal S, Kumar PP, Gajjarepu S. A comparative antimicrobial analysis of various root canal irrigating solutions on endodontic pathogens: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:153-160. [PMID: 25095835 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evolution in understanding the poly-microbial environment of both endodontic infections and that of failed root canal treatments has been debatable over the years. The present study was designed to compare and analyze the effect of various root canal irrigation solutions on certain endodontic pathogens in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyze in vitro the zone of inhibition of the micro-organisms the following irrigating solutions were employed: a. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5% b. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 3% c. Chlorhexidine 2% d. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% e. Doxycycline 0.01% f. Doxycycline 0.005% g. MTAD. An agar culture plate inoculated with four endodontic pathogens was used namely 1. Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439) 2. Candida albicans (MTCC-183) 3. Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC-25586) 4. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC-27337) The inoculums were streaked out on the trypticase soy agar plate for discrete colonies with a wire loop using standard method. The inoculated plates carrying the antibiotic disks were incubated in an anaerobic jar in the following way-Anaerobic incubation-the following procedure was used to provide anaerobiosis with an increased concentration of carbon dioxide. By this method the zone of inhibition obtained by different irrigating solutions against different pathogens could be compared. RESULTS MTAD showed maximum antibacterial activity. In case of C. albicans MTAD was less effective than 5% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX, 0.12% CHX. However, it was more effective against E. faecalis, F. nuleatum and P. anaerobicus. In any case, antimicrobial activity is not the only prerequisite for an endodontic irrigant. E. faecalis strain used in this study showed resistance to doxycycline; also doxycycline was ineffective against C. albicans at 0.01% and 0.005% concentrations. CONCLUSION It was found that MTAD was more antimicrobial than 5% NaOCl for some of the test micro-organisms; however the ability of MTAD to dissolve pulp tissue is not comparable to 5% NaOCl. In addition, 5 and 3% NaOCl showed signifcant antimicrobial activity against all test micro-organisms. The best option for a primary endodontic irrigant therefore is 5% NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Misuriya
- Reader, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Archana Bhardwaj
- Reader, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhishek Bhardwaj
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjay Aggrawal
- Professor, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ps Pawan Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Satyanarayana Gajjarepu
- Reader, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
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Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor involved in the sensing of RNA viruses and the initiation of antiviral responses. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with periodontal disease, is capable of invading cells. We hypothesized that F. nucleatum's ability to invade cells allows the microorganism to activate the immune response through RIG-I. Bacterial invasion was found to be necessary for F. nucleatum-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Following invasion of the human periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF), F. nucleatum was located in the cytosol. F. nucleatum infection led to an 80-fold increase in RIG-I expression. Silencing RIG-I in PDLF by siRNA led to a significant decrease of NF-κB activation and expression of proinflammatory genes. Additionally, F. nucleatum was able to secrete nucleic acids, and introduction of F. nucleatum RNA into PDLF led to a RIG-I-dependent activation of NF-κB. Our findings showed RIG-I to be involved in the recognition of F. nucleatum. The function of RIG-I is likely to be broad and not limited to sensing of viruses only. Hence, this receptor may play an important role in detecting invasive forms of oral pathogens and contribute to inflammation in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zeidán-Chuliá F, Keskin M, Könönen E, Uitto VJ, Söderling E, Moreira JCF, Gürsoy UK. Antibacterial and antigelatinolytic effects of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil on epithelial cells exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Med Food 2014; 18:503-6. [PMID: 24404975 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report examined the effects of essential oils (EOs) from Satureja hortensis L. and Salvia fruticosa M. on the viability and outer membrane permeability of the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key bacteria in oral biofilms, as well as the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities in epithelial cells exposed to such bacteria. Membrane permeability was tested by measuring the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake and bacterial viability by using the commercially available Live/Dead BacLight kit. In addition, gelatin zymography was performed to analyze the inhibition of F. nucleatum-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HaCaT cells. We showed that 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of Sat. hortensis L. EO decreased the ratio of live/dead bacteria and increased the outer membrane permeability in a range of time from 0 to 5 min. Treatments with 10 and 25 μL/mL of Sal. fruticosa M. also increased the membrane permeability and 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of both EOs inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in keratinocytes induced after exposure of 24 h to F. nucleatum. We conclude that antibacterial and antigelatinolytic activities of Sat. hortensis L. EO have potential for the treatment of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Schulz S, Iglesias-Cans M, Krah A, Yildiz Ö, Leone V, Matthies D, Cook GM, Faraldo-Gómez JD, Meier T. A new type of Na(+)-driven ATP synthase membrane rotor with a two-carboxylate ion-coupling motif. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001596. [PMID: 23824040 PMCID: PMC3692424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum uses glutamate decarboxylation to generate a transmembrane gradient of Na⁺. Here, we demonstrate that this ion-motive force is directly coupled to ATP synthesis, via an F₁F₀-ATP synthase with a novel Na⁺ recognition motif, shared by other human pathogens. Molecular modeling and free-energy simulations of the rotary element of the enzyme, the c-ring, indicate Na⁺ specificity in physiological settings. Consistently, activity measurements showed Na⁺ stimulation of the enzyme, either membrane-embedded or isolated, and ATP synthesis was sensitive to the Na⁺ ionophore monensin. Furthermore, Na⁺ has a protective effect against inhibitors targeting the ion-binding sites, both in the complete ATP synthase and the isolated c-ring. Definitive evidence of Na⁺ coupling is provided by two identical crystal structures of the c₁₁ ring, solved by X-ray crystallography at 2.2 and 2.6 Å resolution, at pH 5.3 and 8.7, respectively. Na⁺ ions occupy all binding sites, each coordinated by four amino acids and a water molecule. Intriguingly, two carboxylates instead of one mediate ion binding. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that this motif implies that a proton is concurrently bound to all sites, although Na⁺ alone drives the rotary mechanism. The structure thus reveals a new mode of ion coupling in ATP synthases and provides a basis for drug-design efforts against this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schulz
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Iglesias-Cans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Krah
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Özkan Yildiz
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gregory M. Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - José D. Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes,” Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (JDF-G); (TM)
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes,” Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (JDF-G); (TM)
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Kim YH, Kim JH, Jin HJ, Lee SY. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of Laminaria japonica against oral microorganisms. Anaerobe 2013; 21:34-8. [PMID: 23583539 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is a brown alga, which is consumed widely in Korea, Japan, and China. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of L. japonica against oral microbial species to assess the possible application of L. japonica extracts in dental care products. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined in culture medium using a microdilution method. The MICs of ethanol extracts of L. japonica with oral streptococci were 62.5-500 μg/ml and the MBCs were 125-1000 μg/ml. The MICs of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MBCs of A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus were 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. The killing of Streptococcus mutans and P. gingivalis was dependent on the incubation time. The killing of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis was significantly dependent on the extract concentration. Bacterial treatment with L. japonica extracts changed the cell surface texture of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis. The results of this study suggest that L. japonica extracts may be useful for the development of antimicrobial agents to combat oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Gafner S, Bergeron C, Villinski JR, Godejohann M, Kessler P, Cardellina JH, Ferreira D, Feghali K, Grenier D. Isoflavonoids and coumarins from Glycyrrhiza uralensis: antibacterial activity against oral pathogens and conversion of isoflavans into isoflavan-quinones during purification. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:2514-2519. [PMID: 22074222 DOI: 10.1021/np2004775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of a supercritical fluid extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis has led to the isolation of 20 known isoflavonoids and coumarins, and glycycarpan (7), a new pterocarpan. The presence of two isoflavan-quinones, licoriquinone A (8) and licoriquinone B (9), in a fraction subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20 is due to suspected metal-catalyzed oxidative degradation of licoricidin (1) and licorisoflavan A (2). The major compounds in the extract, as well as 8, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of several major oral pathogens. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the most potent antibacterial activities, causing a marked growth inhibition of the cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus at 10 μg/mL and the periodontopathogenic species Porphyromonas gingivalis (at 5 μg/mL) and Prevotella intermedia (at 5 μg/mL for 1 and 2.5 μg/mL for 2). Only 1 moderately inhibited growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum at the highest concentration tested (10 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gafner
- Tom's of Maine, 302 Lafayette Center, Kennebunk, Maine 04043, USA.
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Feldman M, Santos J, Grenier D. Comparative evaluation of two structurally related flavonoids, isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin, for their oral infection therapeutic potential. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:1862-1867. [PMID: 21866899 DOI: 10.1021/np200174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (1) and liquiritigenin (2) are structurally related flavonoids found in a variety of plants. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of biological properties of these compounds in regard to their therapeutic potential for oral infections. Compound 1 demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against three major periodontopathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia. In contrast, 2 exerted less pronounced effects on the above bacterial species. Neither compound was effective against cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus). Furthermore, 1 exhibited a stronger inhibitory activity than 2 toward P. gingivalis collagenase and human matrix metalloproteinase 9. Finally, the capacity of 1 to attenuate the inflammatory response of macrophages induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was much higher when compared to 2. The activation of transcriptional factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and activator protein-1 (AP-1) associated with the LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages was inhibited strongly by 1, but less affected by 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Feldman
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
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de Sousa DL, de Sousa RBRA, Pinto DN, Neto JJSM, de Carvalho CBM, de Almeida PC. Antibacterial effects of chemomechanical instrumentation and calcium hydroxide in primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33:307-311. [PMID: 21902996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's purposes were to: evaluate the antibacterial effect of chemomechanical instrumentation and a calcium hydroxide-based dressing in primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma; and detect the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and black-pigmented rods in the canals of these teeth. METHODS Microbiological sample collections (MSCs) were obtained: after coronal access to the canals of primary incisors (in 18 teeth; MSC 1); after chemomechanical instrumentation (in 10 teeth; MSC 2); and 72 hours after removal of intracanal medication (in 18 teeth; MSC 3). These samples were sent for microbiological processing. The results were analyzed statistically via chi-square, analysis of variance, and Games-Howell tests (P<.05). RESULTS Micro-organisms were isolated in approximately 94%, 10%, and 83% of canals, respectively, in MSCs 1, 2, and 3. There was a statistically significant difference only between MSCs 1 and 2 (P<.03). F nucleatum and black-pigmented rods were detected in approximately 56% and 11% of canals in MSC 1, respectively. CONCLUSION Chemomechanical instrumentation and calcium hydroxide-based dressing have an anti-bacterial effect by significantly reducing the number of micro-organisms in the main root canal. They showed a limited efficacy, however, and did not prevent bacterial regrowth after endodontic therapy in primary teeth with pulp necrosis secondary to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lins de Sousa
- Department of Dental Clinics, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Nwaokorie FO, Coker AO, Ogunsola FT, Avika-Campos MJ, Gaetti-Jardim E, Ayanbadejo PO, Umeizudike KA, Abdurrazaq OT. Isolation and molecular identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum from Nigerian patients with oro-facial infections. West Afr J Med 2011; 30:125-129. [PMID: 21984462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the most common anaerobic bacteria present in the oral cavity and is often isolated from infections involving other body sites. OBJECTIVE To characterise F. nucleatum strains from patients attending a teaching hospital in Nigeria in order to provide information on the methods for accurate identification of anaerobes in clinical specimen. METHODS Fusobacterium nucleatum specie from 50 patients presenting with oro-facial infections were studied by culture on Fusobacterium selective agar and fastidious anaerobe agar. The isolates were characterised based on colonial morphology, microscopy, lipase production, susceptibility to kanamycin and colistin and resistance to vancomycin. Biochemical tests were performed using a commercial test kit. The identity of the isolates was confirmed based on molecular characterization performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULTS Forty-eight (96%) F. nucleatum isolates were obtained from the 50 patients by culture and all the isolates were identified by colonial appearance and microscopy based on their unique spindle shape with tapered ends. Only 26 (54.2%) of the 48 isolates were identified by commercial API 20A test kit while PCR confirmed the identity of all the isolates. CONCLUSION Anaerobes are involved in human infections and their study is quite cumbersome due to tedious nature and high cost of the techniques involved. Cultural method is reliable in the isolation and identification of F. nucleatum species. PCR is a rapid and simple method that can complement the phenotypic identification of anaerobes and would assist in their full identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Nwaokorie
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Signat B, Roques C, Poulet P, Duffaut D. Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2011; 13:25-36. [PMID: 21220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves the interplay of microbiota present in the subgingival plaque and the host responses. Inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues are considered to result from the response of a susceptible host to a microbial biofilm containing gram-negative pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides are important contributors to maintaining the balance between health and disease in this complex environment. These include several salivary antimicrobial peptides such as β-defensins expressed in the epithelium and LL-37 expressed in both epithelium and neutrophils. Among gram-negative bacteria implicated in periodontal diseases, Fusobacterium nucleatum, is one of the most interesting. This review will focus on expression, function, regulation and functional efficacy of antimicrobial peptides against F. nucleatum. We are looking for how the presence of F. nucleatum induces secretion of peptides which have an impact on host cells and modulate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Signat
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Huang CB, George B, Ebersole JL. Antimicrobial activity of n-6, n-7 and n-9 fatty acids and their esters for oral microorganisms. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:555-60. [PMID: 20541177 PMCID: PMC2902640 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to assess the antibacterial activity of omega-6, -7, -9 (n-6, n-7, n-9) fatty acids against various oral microorganisms. METHODS The n-6, n-7, n-9 fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid (GLA), linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), palmitoleic acid (PA), and oleic acid (OA), their fatty acid ethyl esters, GLA-EE, LA-EE, ARA-EE, PA-EE, OA-EE, and their fatty acid methyl esters, GLA-ME, LA-ME, ARA-ME, PA-ME, OA-ME, were investigated for antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Various concentrations of the fatty acids, their methyl and ethyl esters were tested against various oral pathogens in 96-well plates and blood-agar plate. The plates were incubated anaerobically or aerobically at 37 degrees C for 48h, and the colony forming units (CFU) were determined. RESULTS The data demonstrated that select n-6, n-7, n-9 fatty acids and their esters exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against these oral microorganisms, demonstrating some specificity for individual microbial species. CONCLUSION The potential use or the combinations of the n-6, n-7, n-9 fatty acids and/or their esters, provided in a local delivery vehicle to infected sites in the oral cavity, could be considered as an additional therapeutic approach to improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifu B Huang
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40503, United States.
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Romanos GE, Brink B. Photodynamic therapy in periodontal therapy: microbiological observations from a private practice. Gen Dent 2010; 58:e68-e73. [PMID: 20236906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the combination of laser light and photosensitizer known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in periodontal therapy. However, there are not enough clinical studies to fully evaluate the effects of PDT on the periodontal tissues. This microbiological study examined the effects of PDT on the periodontal bacteria in combination with scaling and root planing (SRP) in the same group of patients by randomly selecting PDT or SRP for use in different quadrants of the mouth. For the present study, PDT was compared with a diode laser (980 nm) and an Nd:YA G laser (1,064 nm). Microbiological samples were examined and evaluated over a period of three months. Significant bacterial reduction has been observed in all cases. The diode laser with SRP presented long-term positive results, while PDT showed a significant bacteria reduction during the entire observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Divisions of Periodontology and General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Unversity of Rochester, NY, USA
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Shokouhinejad N, Emaneini M, Aligholi M, Jabalameli F. Antimicrobial effect of Rosa damascena extract on selected endodontic pathogens. J Calif Dent Assoc 2010; 38:123-126. [PMID: 20232691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of a plant-derived extract (2 percent Rosa damascena extract) with 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2 percent chlorhexidine (CHX) on selected endodontic pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 percent rose extract and 2 percent CHX for test microorganisms, except F. nucleatum, were lower than that of 5.25 percent NaOCl. All solutions were able to kill all test microorganisms after one minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Shokouhinejad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Tehran, Iran.
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Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Sreenivasan PK. The antimicrobial efficacy of commercial dentifrices. Gen Dent 2010; 58:50-80. [PMID: 20129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This investigation compared the effects of a fluoride dentifrice and toothpastes formulated with antimicrobial ingredients (stannous fluoride and triclosan/copolymer) on oral micro-organisms, including those found in samples taken from the human oral cavity. Microbiological techniques determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each dentifrice necessary to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains from the healthy oral cavity, as well as those found in dental caries, periodontal disease, and halitosis. Ex vivo studies utilized oral rinse samples and supragingival plaque from adults to determine antimicrobial effects on the entire microbial diversity of these samples, including biofilm-derived micro-organisms. The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice demonstrated the lowest MICs and significantly inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (including the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum). In the ex vivo tests, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice demonstrated substantial inhibition in the oral rinse samples over each treatment period (p > 0.0005) as compared to either the fluoride or stannous fluoride dentifrices. Similarly, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice demonstrated the highest inhibition of micro-organisms in the supragingival plaque biofilm (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were observed between the fluoride and stannous fluoride dentifrices (p > 0.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet I Haraszthy
- Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, New York, USA
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Serrano C, Torres N, Valdivieso C, Castaño C, Barrera M, Cabrales A. Antibiotic resistance of periodontal pathogens obtained from frequent antibiotic users. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2009; 22:99-104. [PMID: 19839485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to different antimicrobials is a growing problem in Latin American countries. The aim was to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prophyromona gingivalis, isolated from chronic periodontitis patients. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with generalized- moderate or advanced- chronic periodontitis were consecutively recruited from patients attending the Periodontal Specialist Program, Javeriana University, according to specific criteria, including no recent antibiotic consumption. All patients filled out a questionnaire on antibiotic intake. The deepest periodontal pocket in each quadrant was sampled. Pooled samples were mixed, diluted and plated on enriched brucella agar plates. After anaerobic incubation, identification of the target bacteria was performed, based on colony morphology, gram staining, aerotolerance and biochemical reactions (RapID Ana II, Remel, U.S.A.). Following identification, the bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial testing, using amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycicline, azithromycin and metronidazole (E-test, AbBiodisk, Sweden). The minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained were compared with a reference standard to determine antimicrobial resistance. Amoxicillin-resistant species were tested for beta-lactamase production. Forty-four percent of the patients used antibiotics without any medical prescription, 40% used antibiotics at least once a year. The presence of eleven species was confirmed after a series of biochemical tests: four Fusobacterium nucleatum, five Prevotella intermedia and two Prophyromona gingivalis. All strains were resistant to metronidazole, five were resistant to tetracycline and azithromicin, and two strains were resistant to doxycicline and amoxicillin. The strains resistant to amoxicillin were positive for beta-lactamase production, Antimicrobial resistance, particularly against metronidazole, was a common phenomenon for the bacterial isolates analyzed in this Colombian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Serrano
- Department of Peridontology, School of Dentistry, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Greenberg M, Dodds M, Tian M. Naturally occurring phenolic antibacterial compounds show effectiveness against oral bacteria by a quantitative structure-activity relationship study. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:11151-11156. [PMID: 19007234 DOI: 10.1021/jf8020859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic phenolic compounds were evaluated against oral bacteria. A quantitative structure-active relationship approach was applied to the germ-kill activity for a range of phenolic compounds. The lipophilicity and steric effects were found to be two key factors in determining germ-kill activity. The optimum lipophilicity, measured by the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, or log P, was found to be 5.5 for Fusobacterium nucleatum , a Gram-negative type of oral bacteria that causes bad breath. The optimum log P was found to be 7.9 for Streptococcus mutans , a Gram-positive type of oral bacteria that causes tooth decay. The steric effect of substituents ortho to the phenolic group was found to be critical in reducing antibacterial activity despite having increased lipid solubility approaching the optimum lipophilicity value. The antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds is likely exerted by multiple functions, primarily comes from its ability to act as a nonionic surface-active agent therefore disrupting the lipid-protein interface.
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Pérez SB, Tejerina DP, Pérez Tito RI, Bozza FL, Kaplan AE, Molgatini SL. Endodontic microorganism susceptibility by direct contact test. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2008; 21:169-173. [PMID: 19177855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the duration of the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers by means of the Direct Contact Test. The sealers tested were: Endomethasone - Septodont, Endomethasone C-Septodont, Endion-Voco, Diaket-ESPE, Pulp Canal Sealer-SybronEndo, and AH26-Dentsply DeTrey. The endodontopathic microorganisms (MO) confronted were: Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Candida albicans (Ca), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Test specimens of each sealer were prepared and placed on the surface of agar plates that had been inoculated with each MO, and after predetermined periods, transfers were made from the contact area between the test specimen and the cultured agar and from the area that had not been in contact with the test specimens (control). The results were read as presence/absence of microbial growth and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. It was concluded that the structural features and virulence of endodontopathic microorganisms determine their response to the sealers, independently of the time during which sealers act and the mechanism by which the antiseptic reaches the microorganism, which in this case was by direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B Pérez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires
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Badet C, Furiga A, Thébaud N. Effect of xylitol on an in vitro model of oral biofilm. Oral Health Prev Dent 2008; 6:337-341. [PMID: 19178100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to examine whether xylitol, at different concentrations, inhibits the formation of an experimental model of oral biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilms of six bacterial species (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were prepared on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs according to the Zürich Biofilm Model. Xylitol was tested at two concentrations, 1% and 3%. At the end of their designated incubation times, some HA discs were destined for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the others were harvested using a sterile surgical instrument. Aliquots of harvested biofilms were diluted and plated onto specific media. After a 48-h anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C, the colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. RESULTS CLSM images showed that only a small amount of isolated bacteria was observed on the surface of HA discs. Culture of harvested biofilms showed an inhibition in the growth of different species included in the biofilms. CONCLUSIONS Xylitol has a clear inhibitory effect on the formation of the experimental biofilms. This study shows that xylitol is not only efficient in inhibiting the acid production of cariogenic bacteria, but also in preventing the formation of a multispecies biofilm; it confirms the relevance of the use of this polyol for the prevention of oral diseases caused by dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Badet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, UFR d'Odontologie, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, 33082 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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Greenberg M, Urnezis P, Tian M. Compressed mints and chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract are effective against bacteria responsible for oral malodor. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:9465-9469. [PMID: 17949053 DOI: 10.1021/jf072122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavors and natural botanic extracts are often used in chewing gum and compressed mints for breath freshening and relief of oral malodor. The oral malodor is a result of bacterial putrification of proteinaceous materials from food or saliva. In this study, magnolia bark extract (MBE) and its two main components, magnolol and honokiol, were evaluated by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) test. The inhibitory effect of MBE mint was further evaluated by a kill-time assay study. In addition, an in vivo study was performed on nine healthy volunteers postlunch. Saliva samples were taken before and after subjects consumed mints and gum, with and without MBE. Listerine mouthwash was included as a positive control. The testing results indicated that MBE and its two main constituents demonstrated a strong germ-kill effect against bacteria responsible for halitosis and also Streptococcus mutans, bacteria involved in dental caries formation. The MIC of magnolol, honokiol, and MBE on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and S. mutans ranged from 8 to 31 microg/mL. Kill-time assay results indicated that mints containing 0.2% MBE reduced more than 99.9% of three oral bacteria within 5 min of treatment. The in vivo study demonstrated that MBE containing mints reduced total salivary bacteria by 61.6% at 30 min and 33.8% at 60 min postconsumption. In comparison, the flavorless mint reduced total salivary bacteria by 3.6% at 30 min and increased total bacteria by 47.9% at 60 min. The MBE containing chewing gum reduced total salivary bacteria by 43.0% at 40 min, while placebo gum reduced total salivary bacteria by 18.0%. In conclusion, MBE demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity against organisms responsible for oral malodor and can be incorporated in compressed mints and chewing gum for improved breath-freshening benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Greenberg
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, 1132 West Blackhawk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60622, USA
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Tabary N, Lepretre S, Boschin F, Blanchemain N, Neut C, Delcourt-Debruyne E, Martel B, Morcellet M, Hildebrand HF. Functionalization of PVDF membranes with carbohydrate derivates for the controlled delivery of chlorhexidin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:472-6. [PMID: 17804290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maltodextrin (MX) was fixed onto PVDF membranes in order to create a drug delivery Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) device with controlled drug delivery properties. PVDF microporous membranes were treated by a mixture of MX and citric acid, resulting to an 18 wt% increase of the supports. MX grafted membrane could capture 103 mg/g chlorhexidin digluconate (DigCHX) instead of 1mg/g for a virgin membrane. A neutralization step was performed before the biological tests. Viability tests confirmed the non-toxicity of the MX polymer coating after neutralisation. In vitro release test in human plasma, and microbiological tests showed that membranes grafted with MX were more performing compared to virgin and beta-CD grafted membranes. The antimicrobial activity was effective during more than 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tabary
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, UMR CNRS 8009, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Nudera WJ, Fayad MI, Johnson BR, Zhu M, Wenckus CS, Begole EA, Wu CD. Antimicrobial Effect of Triclosan and Triclosan with Gantrez on Five Common Endodontic Pathogens. J Endod 2007; 33:1239-42. [PMID: 17889698 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial control of the root canal system is one of the key objectives of root canal therapy. Triclosan is a widely accepted broad spectrum antimicrobial agent proven to be effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Triclosan acts by blocking bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. The addition of Gantrez copolymer has been shown to enhance the antimicrobial activity of triclosan. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of triclosan and triclosan with Gantrez against Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both test solutions was determined for each of the 5 microorganisms by using microtiter serial dilutions. Samples were streaked on 5% sheep blood agar plates and placed in an anaerobic incubator to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MBC of triclosan ranged from 12-94 microg/mL. The MBC of triclosan with Gantrez ranged from <0.3-10.4 microg/mL. The addition of Gantrez enhanced the bactericidal activity of triclosan. Both triclosan and triclosan with Gantrez demonstrated bactericidal activity against the 5 specific endodontic pathogens.
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Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Goldsmith D, Charles CH, Lisante TA, Lynch MC. Effect of an essential oil-containing antimicrobial mouthrinse on specific plaque bacteria in vivo. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:652-7. [PMID: 17535287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouthrinse on levels of specific supra and subgingival bacteria in subjects with gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen subjects meeting entry criteria completed this randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects were required to have >or=1000 target organisms per millilitre in pooled samples from two subgingival sites. Following sampling of supra and subgingival plaque, subjects began twice-daily rinsing for 14 days with either an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (Cool Mint Listerine Antiseptic) or a negative control. Supra and subgingival plaque was again sampled on day 15, and the procedure repeated after a 1-week washout period with subjects using the alternate rinse. RESULTS Compared with the negative control, the essential oil mouthrinse produced significant reductions in supragingival plaque levels of Veillonella sp., Capnocytophaga sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, and total anaerobes ranging from 52.3 to 88.5% (p<0.001 except for Veillonella, p=0.002); respective reductions in subgingival plaque ranged from 54.1 to 69.1% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rinsing with the essential oil mouthrinse can have an impact on the subgingival plaque flora. This study provides additional evidence indicating that reduction in supragingival plaque can reduce levels of subgingival plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, University of Dentistry and Medicine of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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