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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Fu N, Wang X, Bai G. HA2-FimA DNA Vaccine Treats Experimental Periodontitis. Oral Health Prev Dent 2024; 22:159-170. [PMID: 38687028 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the therapeutic effect of hemagglutinin-2 and fimbrial (HA2-FimA) vaccine on experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first batch of rats was divided into two groups and immunised with pure water or pVAX1-HA2-FimA at the age of 6, 7, and 9 weeks. After sacrificing the animals, total RNA was extracted from the spleens for RNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The second batch of rats was divided into four groups (A, B, C, D), and an experimental periodontitis rat model was established by suturing silk thread around the maxillary second molars of rats in groups B, C, and D for 4 weeks. The rats were immunised with pure water, pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine, empty pVAX1 vector, and pure water at 10, 11, and 13 weeks of age, respectively. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) levels in saliva were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All rats were euthanised at 17 weeks of age, and alveolar bone loss was examined using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). RESULTS Through sequencing analysis, six key genes, including Camp, were identified. Compared with the other three groups, the rats in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group showed higher levels of SIgA and CAMP (p < 0.05). Micro-CT results showed significantly less alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group compared to the periodontitis+pVAX1 group and periodontitis+pure water group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HA2-FimA DNA vaccine can increase the levels of SIgA and CAMP in the saliva of experimental periodontitis model rats and reduce alveolar bone loss.
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Sobas EM, Amanda V, Fernández I, Reinoso R, García-Vázquez C, Ortega E, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Influence of controlled environmental conditions in potential salivary ocular pain biomarkers for enhancing the assessment of ocular pain. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296764. [PMID: 38277377 PMCID: PMC10817219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We endeavored to identify objective salivary biomarkers for pain, a subjective sensation with a biological basis, using molecules already described related to pain. The study aimed to analyze inter-individual differences and intersession variability in salivary potential ocular pain biomarkers on healthy subjects, in samples obtained under the influence of controlled environmental conditions. METHODS Thirty-four healthy subjects, 20 male, 14 female, median age 35.44 years (range 30-40) were exposed for 30 minutes under standard environmental conditions (T: 22°C, 50% relative humidity) in the Controlled Environmental Research Laboratory (CE-Lab, Vision R&D, Valladolid Spain) in two separate visits (V1, V2) at least 24 hours apart. Saliva was collected after the exposure in each of the visits, and cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), secretory IgA (sIgA), testosterone, and soluble fraction of TNFα receptor II (sTNFαRII) were analyzed by ELISA. Repeatability of inter-subject inter-session measurements was assayed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS There were no significant inter-session differences in testosterone (p = 0.2497), sTNFαRII (p = 0.6451) and sIgA (p = 0.9689) salivary levels. The reproducibility for salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA were 0.98 ng/ml, 20.58 U/ml, 21.07 μg/ml, 24.68 pg/ml and 0.19 pg/ml, respectively. Salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA yielded the following ICCs: 0.506, 0.569, 0.824, 0.870 and 0.4295, respectively; all these ICCs (except that for cortisol and sIgA) were found to be improved compared to those found previously by our group in a previous study in salivary samples obtained from healthy subjects under non-controlled environmental conditions; Cortisol´s ICC didn´t improve and was in both cases at the limit of acceptability. CONCLUSION Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity affect the reproducibility of measurement of some salivary molecules which have been proposed as potential pain biomarkers. The exposure of subjects to standard controlled environmental conditions before salivary sample obtention would improve the reproducibility of these molecule measures' as potential biomarkers of chronic ocular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Sobas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- OculoFacial Pain Unit, IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Nursery Faculty, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vázquez Amanda
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- OculoFacial Pain Unit, IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Itziar Fernández
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Reinoso
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Valladolid, Spain
- Deparment of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Social Sciences and Mathematics, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Vázquez
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Pain Unit, Aliance of University Hospitals, Castile and Leon Nacional Health System, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- OculoFacial Pain Unit, IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Valladolid, Spain
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Arafa A. Household smoking impact on the oral health of 5- to 7-years-old children. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1028. [PMID: 38114982 PMCID: PMC10731723 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly by their parents, could adversely affect their oral health. Thereby, this study aimed to assess the oral health status of children subjected to household smoking and the impact of smoking patterns on the severity of oral health deterioration. METHODS A total of 210 healthy children were enrolled in this case-control study and allocated into children subjected to household smoking (HS) and control groups. Participants' guardians were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics and parental smoking habits. All participants were subjected to clinical dental examination to assess dental caries (ICDAS), hypomineralized primary molars (HSPM), and gingival status (GI). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to assess saliva composition and characteristics. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for cotinine concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.25) software at a test value of p ≤ 0.05. The t-student test was used to find significant differences between participants' age, gingival index score, saliva pH, flow rate, sIgA, and cotinine level. The Chi-square test was used to test for the significance of parental employment, number of rooms, gender, sweets consumption, brushing frequency, and HMPM. The correspondence analysis was used to test for significance of parents' levels of education, type of house ventilation, ICDAS score, smoking form, frequency, and smoking pattern. The correlation between cotinine level and sIgA was tested for association using Bivariate correlation test. RESULTS The HS group showed a significantly increased risk for dental caries (p < 0.000), HSPM lesions (p = 0.007), and GI score (p < 0.000). A significant reduction in salivary flow rate, saliva pH, and sIgA were evident in HS group (p < 0.000). Parental consumption of more than 20 cigarettes/day was accompanied by increased dental caries activity (p < 0.000) and higher risk for increased severity of gingival inflammation (p < 0.000) of children in the HS group. Children of parents who smoke cigarettes and use the hubble/bubble anywhere in the house found to have greater distribution of HSPM (p < 0.000). Reduced sIgA values were found to be significantly associated with increased cotinine concentrations in HS children (p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Frequent exposure to household smoking could be associated with an increased risk of dental caries progression, enamel hypomineralization, gingival inflammation, and saliva characteristics changes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Arafa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, 28, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia.
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Enyoh CE, Ovuoraye PE, Qingyue W, Wang W. Examining the impact of nanoplastics and PFAS exposure on immune functions through inhibition of secretory immunoglobin A in human breast milk. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132103. [PMID: 37527590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as nanoplastics (NPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been detected in the environment and breast milk, thus exposing infants to potentially harmful chemicals during breastfeeding. Breast milk contains secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), an antibody that plays a vital role in disease protection and the development of the infant's immune system. This study employed molecular simulation and fractional factorial designs to assess the toxicity of NPs and PFAS on breast milk and their influence on infant immunity by inhibiting SIgA. The research found that NPs and PFAS have higher binding affinities to SIgA compared to the control compound. Polycarbonate (-10.7 kcal/mol) had the highest binding affinity among plastics, while Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, - 8.0 kcal/mol) had the highest binding affinity among PFAS. The relative toxic index was higher for PFAS (2.4) than for plastics (1.9), suggesting that PFAS may pose a higher overall toxicity burden on the protein. The presence of specific combinations of NPs and PFAS in breast milk may potentially harm breastfeeding infants, although additional experimental studies are required to validate these findings. These results underscore the potential risks associated with these emerging contaminants in breast milk and their impact on infant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Prosper E Ovuoraye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221 Effurun, Nigeria
| | - Wang Qingyue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Wander K, Fujita M, Mattison S, Gauck M, Duris M, Kiwelu I, Mmbaga BT. Does the immune system of milk increase activity for infants experiencing infectious disease episodes in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania? Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23897. [PMID: 36951242 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple studies have reported that milk immune content increases for infants experiencing infectious disease (ID) episodes, suggesting that the immune system of milk (ISOM) offers enhanced protection when needed to combat ID. METHODS To test the hypothesis that ISOM content and/or activity increases during an infant's ID episode, we characterized milk secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA; a major ISOM constituent) and in vitro interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses to Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, as system-level biomarkers of ISOM activity, in a prospective study among 96 mother-infant dyads in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. RESULTS After control for covariates, no milk immune variables (sIgA, Coef: 0.03; 95% CI -0.25, 0.32; in vitro IL-6 response to S. enterica, Coef: 0.23; 95% CI: -0.67, 1.13; IL-6 response to E. coli, Coef: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.98, 0.77) were associated with prevalent ID (diagnosed at the initial participation visit). Among infants experiencing an incident ID (diagnosed subsequent to the initial participation), milk immune content and responses were not substantially higher or lower than the initial visit (sIgA, N: 61; p: 0.788; IL-6 response to S. enterica, N: 56; p: 0.896; IL-6 response to E. coli, N: 36; p: 0.683); this was unchanged by exclusion of infants with ID at the time of initial participation. CONCLUSION These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that milk delivers enhanced immune protection when infants experience ID. In environments with a high burden of ID, dynamism may be less valuable to maternal reproductive success than stability in the ISOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Masako Fujita
- Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Siobhán Mattison
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Megan Gauck
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Duris
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Ireen Kiwelu
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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Sobczak-Jaskow H, Kochańska B, Drogoszewska B. Composition and Properties of Saliva in Patients with Osteoporosis Taking Antiresorptive Drugs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4294. [PMID: 36901300 PMCID: PMC10002130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to examine how the composition and properties of saliva change in people with osteoporosis who have received antiresorptive (AR) treatment, compared to patients with osteoporosis who have not yet received this treatment. METHODS The study population consisted of 38 patients with osteoporosis using AR drugs (Group I) and 16 patients with osteoporosis who had never used AR drugs (Group II). The control group consisted of 32 people without osteoporosis. Laboratory tests included determination of pH and concentrations of Ca, PO4, total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, sIgA, IgA, cortisol, neopterin, activity of amylase at rest, and stimulated saliva. The buffering capacity of stimulated saliva was also determined. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the saliva of Group I and Group II. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of time using AR therapy (Group I) and the tested parameters of the saliva. Significant differences were found between Group I and the control group. The concentrations of PO4, lysozyme, and cortisol were higher, while concentrations of Ca ions, sIgA, and neopterin were lower, in comparison to the control group. The significant differences between Group II and the control group were smaller, and they concerned only the concentrations of lysozyme, cortisol, and neopterin. CONCLUSIONS The saliva of people with osteoporosis subjected to AR therapy and those not subjected to AR therapy did not show statistically significant differences in terms of the examined parameters of the saliva. However, the saliva of patients with osteoporosis taking and not taking AR drugs was significantly different compared to the saliva of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sobczak-Jaskow
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Drogoszewska
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Puerta A, Garcia-Lopez D, Tejedor-Matellanes P, Gomez-Ruiz L, de la Cruz-Rodriguez R, de Frutos M. Capillary gel electrophoresis of very high molecular weight glycoproteins. Commercial and tailor-made gels for analysis of human monomeric and secretory immunoglobulin A. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463689. [PMID: 36528901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been widely used for analysis of proteins according to their size. However, to our knowledge, this technique has not been optimized to immunoglobulin A (IgA) analysis, a protein of current and emerging high interest in several fields. IgA is the first barrier of human body against pathogens. This protein in human milk and colostrum is essential for immune protection of newborns and treatment of milk for storage in Human Milk Banks may alter IgA. The emerging use of IgA as therapeutic treatment also encourages the development of analysis methods for this class of immunoglobulins. IgA is far more heterogeneously glycosylated and complex than the well-studied IgG molecules. IgA in serum is mainly monomeric (mIgA) with about 160 kDa, while in secretions such as saliva, milk, colostrum, etc, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the predominant form. This is a dimer where both monomers are linked by the J-chain and the secretory component accounting all together for a MW higher than 400 kDa including the glycans. This size is far from the 225 kDa MW for which commercial CGE kits are intended. The general rules governing CGE behavior of analytes cannot be directly applied to every protein. Addressing studies directed specifically to target proteins is specially needed for the large size and highly complex target analytes of this study. In this work the effect of several factors on CGE analysis of human serum and colostrum IgA is studied. The feasibility of performing analysis of both IgA classes using a commercial CGE kit is shown. In addition, this work introduces another novelty by preparing tailor-made reproducible gel buffers and to characterize them in terms of dynamic viscosity, conductivity, and electroosmotic flow mobility in bare fused silica capillaries. The possibility of analyzing mIgA and sIgA in less than 10 min using these tailor-made gels is demonstrated. Inter-day variation (RSD) for the main peak of sIgA is 0.25% for migration time (tm) and 0.27% for percentage corrected peak area (Acorr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Puerta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Garcia-Lopez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Gomez-Ruiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes de Frutos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Perkins E, Davison G. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA as a Potential Marker of in vivo Immunity in Professional Footballers. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:861-868. [PMID: 34806947 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1932707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Team sport athletes have increased susceptibility to upper respiratory symptoms (URS) during periods of intensified training and competition. Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) may be a novel marker for risk of upper respiratory illness (URI) in professional athletes. Aims: To investigate changes in salivary EBV DNA (in addition to the well-established marker, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A), and incidence of URS in professional footballers. Methods: Over a 16-week period (August to November 2016), 15 male players from a professional English football League 1 club provided weekly unstimulated saliva samples (after a rest day) and recorded URS. Saliva samples were analyzed for secretory IgA (ELISA) and EBV DNA (qPCR). Results: Whole squad median (interquartile range) saliva IgA concentration and secretion rate significantly decreased (p < .05) between weeks 8 and 12 (concentration, 107 (76-150) mg/L healthy baseline to 51 (31-80) mg/L at week 12; secretion rate 51 (30-78) µg/min healthy baseline to 22 (18-43) µg/min at week 12). Two players reported URS episodes during week 10, both after IgA secretion rate decreased below 40% of the individual's healthy baseline. EBV DNA was detected in the weeks before URS but also at other times and in healthy players (overall frequency 40%, range 11-78%) and frequency was similar between the URS and healthy group. Conclusion: These findings confirm salivary IgA as a useful marker of URS risk but EBV DNA was not. Further research capturing a greater number of URS episodes is required, however, to fully determine the utility of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Perkins
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury Campus
| | - Glen Davison
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury Campus
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Jendraszak M, Gałęcka M, Kotwicka M, Schwiertz A, Regdos A, Pazgrat-Patan M, Andrusiewicz M. Impact of Biometric Patient Data, Probiotic Supplementation, and Selected Gut Microorganisms on Calprotectin, Zonulin, and sIgA Concentrations in the Stool of Adults Aged 18-74 Years. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121781. [PMID: 36551209 PMCID: PMC9775524 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the intestinal barrier may be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. The diagnosis of mucosal barrier disruption has become a new therapeutic target for disease prevention. The aim of this study was to determine whether various patient demographic and biometric data, often not included in diagnostic analyses, may affect calprotectin, zonulin, and sIgA biomarker values. Stool markers' levels in 160 samples were measured colorimetrically. The analysis of twenty key bacteria (15 genera and 5 species) was carried out on the basis of diagnostic tests, including cultures and molecular tests. The concentrations of selected markers were within reference ranges for most patients. The sIgA level was significantly lower in participants declaring probiotics supplementation (p = 0.0464). We did not observe differences in gastrointestinal discomfort in participants. We found significant differences in the sIgA level between the 29-55 years and >55 years age-related intervals groups (p = 0.0191), together with a significant decreasing trend (p = 0.0337) in age-dependent sIgA concentration. We observed complex interdependencies and relationships between their microbiota and the analyzed biomarkers. For correct clinical application, standardized values of calprotectin and sIgA should be determined, especially in elderly patients. We observed a correlation between the composition of the gut community and biomarker levels, although it requires further in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jendraszak
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Kotwicka
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
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Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Ito S, Adachi Y, Onodera T, Kageyama T, Takahashi Y. Saliva as a useful tool for evaluating upper mucosal antibody response to influenza. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263419. [PMID: 35130308 PMCID: PMC8820602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in controlling upper respiratory infections, including influenza. We established a quantitative ELISA to measure the amount of influenza virus-specific salivery IgA (sIgA) and salivary IgG (sIgG) antibodies using a standard antibody broadly reactive to the influenza A virus. We then analyzed saliva and serum samples from seven individuals infected with the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus during the 2019-2020 flu seasons. We detected an early (6-10 days post-infection) increase of sIgA in five of the seven samples and a later (3-5 weeks) increase of sIgG in six of the seven saliva samples. Although the conventional parenteral influenza vaccine did not induce IgA production in saliva, vaccinated individuals with a history of influenza infection had higher basal levels of sIgA than those without a history. Interestingly, we observed sIgA and sIgG in an asymptomatic individual who had close contact with two influenza cases. Both early mucosal sIgA secretion and late systemically induced sIgG in the mucosal surface may protect against virus infection. Despite the small sample size, our results indicate that the saliva test system can be useful for analyzing upper mucosal immunity in influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Formation
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal/physiology
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Japan
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Saliva/chemistry
- Saliva/immunology
- Saliva/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Hertel S, Hannig M, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T. Mucins 5b and 7 and secretory IgA in the oral acquired pellicle of children with caries and caries-free children. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105314. [PMID: 34861462 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in the abundance of mucins 5b and 7 as well as secretory IgA exist in the oral acquired pellicle between children with active caries and caries-free children. DESIGN Pellicle formation was performed for 10 min in-situ on ceramic slabs in the oral cavity of children (5-7 years of age) with caries (n = 15) and without signs of caries (n = 13). Furthermore, unstimulated saliva was collected. Concentrations of Muc5b, Muc7 and sIgA were measured in desorbed pellicle eluates and in saliva. RESULTS Significantly larger concentrations of Muc5b, Muc7 and sIgA were detected in the pellicle obtained from children with caries compared to caries-free children. However, in the salivary samples concentrations of mucins Muc5b and Muc7 as well as sIgA did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS All three pellicle components Muc5b, Muc7 as well as sIgA could be identified as potential biomarkers for early childhood caries with high sensitivity and specificity. This could contribute to a better understanding of the different caries susceptibility in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hertel
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Springham M, Williams S, Waldron M, Strudwick AJ, Mclellan C, Newton RU. Salivary Immunoendocrine and Self-report Monitoring Profiles across an Elite-Level Professional Football Season. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:918-927. [PMID: 33394896 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This investigation examined the longitudinal changes and interrelationships of salivary and self-report monitoring measures across a professional football season. METHODS Measures were collected biweekly from 18 senior professional male players across a 6-wk preseason and eight 5-wk in-season mesocycles and analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS Analysis identified a small (P = 0.003) cross-season suppression of salivary immunoglobulin A, small reductions to salivary α-amylase (P = 0.047) and salivary cortisol (P = 0.007), and trivial changes to salivary testosterone (P > 0.05). The testosterone/cortisol ratio typically responded inversely to changes in player workload. Self-report measures of fatigue (P = 0.030), sleep quality (P = 0.003), and muscle soreness (P = 0.005) improved (ES = small) across the first half of the season. Fatigue and sleep measures were most consistently related to hormonal measures (R2 = 0.43-0.45). For these relationships, increases in cortisol were associated with compromised self-report responses, whereas increases in testosterone/cortisol were associated with improved responses. Nonlinear relationships were identified for fatigue with immunoglobulin A (P = 0.017; ES = trivial) and testosterone (P = 0.012; ES = trivial), for sleep quality with testosterone (P < 0.001; ES = trivial), for muscle soreness with testosterone (P = 0.012; ES = trivial), and for the self-report inventory sum with testosterone (P = 0.027; ES = trivial). For these relationships, self-report responses were optimal at mean immunoglobulin A and testosterone levels, and very low levels (-2 SD) exerted the most compromising effects. CONCLUSIONS Players can experience a chronic cross-season suppression of mucosal immunity. Salivary immunoglobulin A, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol measures relate to self-report measures of fatigue, sleep quality, and muscle soreness. In-season reductions in testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol or increases in cortisol among elite football players could be used to indicate the need for reduced workload, which might lead to improved well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Anthony J Strudwick
- Sport Science Department, Football Association of Wales, Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Chris Mclellan
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of South Queensland, Toowoomba, AUSTRALIA
| | - Robert U Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, AUSTRALIA
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13
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Mio K, Otake N, Nakashima S, Matsuoka T, Aoe S. Ingestion of High β-Glucan Barley Flour Enhances the Intestinal Immune System of Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Prebiotic Effects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030907. [PMID: 33799564 PMCID: PMC7999470 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic effect of high β-glucan barley (HGB) flour on the innate immune system of high-fat model mice was investigated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with HGB flour for 90 days. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the cecum and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in the ileum as well as the composition of the microbiota in the cecum. Concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids were analyzed by GC/MS. Concentrations of sIgA in the cecum and serum were increased in the HGB group compared to the control. Gene expression levels of IL-10 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) significantly increased in the HGB group. HGB intake increased the bacterial count of microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Concentrations of propionate and lactate in the cecum were increased in the HGB group, and a positive correlation was found between these organic acids and the IL-10 expression level. Our findings showed that HGB flour enhanced immune function such as IgA secretion and IL-10 expression, even when the immune system was deteriorated by a high-fat diet. Moreover, we found that HGB flour modulated the gut microbiota, which increased the concentration of SCFAs, thereby stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Nami Otake
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Satoko Nakashima
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsubasa Matsuoka
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3843, Japan; (S.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Studies in Human Life Sciences, Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan; (K.M.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5275-6048
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14
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Roda A, Cavalera S, Di Nardo F, Calabria D, Rosati S, Simoni P, Colitti B, Baggiani C, Roda M, Anfossi L. Dual lateral flow optical/chemiluminescence immunosensors for the rapid detection of salivary and serum IgA in patients with COVID-19 disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112765. [PMID: 33126179 PMCID: PMC7586100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To accurately diagnose COVID-19 infection and its time-dependent progression, the rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive determination of immunoglobulins A specific to SARS-CoV-2 (IgA) in saliva and serum is needed to complement tests that detect immunoglobulins G and M. We have developed a dual optical/chemiluminescence format of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) immunosensor for IgA in serum and saliva. A recombinant nucleocapsid antigen specifically captures SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patient specimens. A labelled anti-human IgA reveals the bound IgA fraction. A dual colorimetric and chemiluminescence detection enables the affordable and ultrasensitive determination of IgA to SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, a simple smartphone-camera-based device measures the colour signal provided by nanogold-labelled anti-human IgA. For the ultrasensitive chemiluminescence transduction, we used a contact imaging portable device based on cooled CCD, and measured the light signal resulting from the reaction of the HRP-labelled anti-human IgA with a H2O2/luminol/enhancers substrate. A total of 25 serum and 9 saliva samples from infected and/or recovered individuals were analysed by the colorimetric LFIA, which was sensitive and reproducible enough for the semi-quantification of IgA in subjects with a strong serological response and in the early stage of COVID-19 infection. Switching to CL detection, the same immunosensor exhibited higher detection capability, revealing the presence of salivary IgA in infected individuals. For the patients included in the study (n = 4), the level of salivary IgA correlated with the time elapsed from diagnosis and with the severity of the disease. This IgA-LFIA immunosensor could be useful for noninvasively monitoring early immune responses to COVID-19 and for investigating the diagnostic/prognostic utility of salivary IgA in the context of large-scale screening to assess the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy; INBB, Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Simoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Roda
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Italy.
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15
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Hodges-Simeon CR, Grail GPO, Albert G, Landry N, Ortiz TL, Carré JM, McHale TS, Arnocky SA. Testosterone, cortisol, and secretory immunoglobulin-A within a single day and across two sequential days among trans- and cis-gender men. Steroids 2020; 160:108640. [PMID: 32298661 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on the association between testosterone (T) and immunity has produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVES We address two potential reasons for these empirical inconsistencies in the present research. First, the association between T and immunity may depend on which branch of the immune system is considered. Here, we examine secretory IgA (sIgA), a measure of mucosal immunity functionally related to respiratory infection risk. Second, the association between T and immunity may depend on a third regulatory variable. Therefore, we examine the interaction between T and cortisol (CORT) as well as their independent and combined effects on mucosal immunity. To do this, we explore intra-individual associations between sIgA, CORT, and T within a single day (i.e., morning vs. evening) and across 2 sequential mornings. We target two samples of men: (1) cisgender (i.e., born and identifying as men), and (2) transgender (i.e., born female but identifying as men) undergoing T therapy for gender realignment. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-eight adult men (transgender n = 29) provided saliva samples at three time points: (1) upon waking, (2) before sleep on the same day, and (3) upon waking the following day. Samples were assayed in duplicate for sIgA, T and CORT. RESULTS For cisgender men, sIgA, T, and CORT exhibited clear circadian rhythms and were significantly related within and between samples. For transgender men, evidence for circadian change was found for sIgA and CORT, but not T. Further, sIgA was associated with CORT, but not T. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that salivary T and sIgA concentrations are associated within a single day and across sequential days for cisgender men. Differences between cis- and transgender men suggest that this may only be true for T levels driven by endogenous production; however, future studies should employ a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham P O Grail
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Forensic Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Graham Albert
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas Landry
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Triana L Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin M Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy S McHale
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, United States
| | - Steven A Arnocky
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Hishiki H, Kawashima T, Tsuji NM, Ikari N, Takemura R, Kido H, Shimojo N. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Heat-Killed Pediococcus acidilactici K15 for Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections among Preschool Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071989. [PMID: 32635408 PMCID: PMC7400799 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although some probiotic bacteria have been reported to prevent infections in children, there are few well-designed double-blind studies. Here we evaluated the effects of a probiotic strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici K15, on viral respiratory tract infections in preschool children. A four-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 172 healthy children aged 3 to 6 years. Subjects were administered dextrin alone or dextrin including heat-killed K15 (5 × 1010 bacteria). The number of febrile days was the primary outcome. The number of absent days from preschools and the influenza incidence were secondary outcomes. Secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations in saliva were measured as an exploratory outcome. The primary and secondary outcomes were not significantly different between both groups. Analyses in children with little intake of fermented foods including LAB showed that the duration of a fever significantly decreased by K15 intake. The salivary sIgA level in the K15 group was maintained significantly higher than it was in the placebo group. The effects of K15 on preventing viral respiratory tract infections were not observed without the restriction of fermented foods intake. However, K15 supported anti-infectious immune systems in children who took less fermented foods and the maintenance of salivary sIgA levels in all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hishiki
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Tadaomi Kawashima
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Chiba 278-0037, Japan; (T.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan;
| | - Naho Ikari
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Chiba 278-0037, Japan; (T.K.); (N.I.)
| | - Ryo Takemura
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan;
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-290-3896
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17
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Bodnaruk Y, Oktysiuk Y, Popovych Z. EFFICACY OF MULTIVITAMINS AND LYSOZYME TABLETS IN COMPLEX MANAGEMENT OF PLAQUE-INDUCED GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN: A COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMICAL STUDY. Georgian Med News 2020:67-70. [PMID: 32141852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of periodontal lesions has not been sufficiently studied, recent studies show that plaque formation and host immune response are important factors. The purpose of this study was improving efficiency of plaque-induced gingivitis treatment in children with immunological correction of saliva by administration of polyvitamins and lysozyme tablets. We have examined 60 12-year-old children diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis and divided them into the main and control groups consisted of 30 children in each accordingly. The children of both groups were treated by sanitation and professional oral hygiene. The children of the main group besides were prescribed with multivitamins complex "Supervit" and tablets "Lizak". The efficiency of the introduced complex we have assessed by contain of immunoglobulins A (IgA), immunoglobulins G (IgG), secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and lysozyme in saliva. After 6 month the treatment children from the main group showed a decline in concentration of IL-1β by 30,06 % (р<0,01), IgA by 33,34 %, IgG by 12,5 % (р<0,05). The present data support the high efficiency of the introduced treatment that has been proved by positive progress of immunological indexes in saliva taken within six and 12 month since the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bodnaruk
- Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 1Dental Postgraduate Department, Ukraine
| | - Y Oktysiuk
- Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ukraine
| | - Z Popovych
- Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 1Dental Postgraduate Department, Ukraine
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18
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Trelis M, Taroncher-Ferrer S, Gozalbo M, Ortiz V, Soriano JM, Osuna A, Merino-Torres JF. Giardia intestinalis and Fructose Malabsorption: A Frequent Association. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2973. [PMID: 31817420 PMCID: PMC6950212 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, scientific studies are emerging on the possible etiological role of intestinal parasites in functional digestive disorders. Our study was carried out with healthy individuals (control group; n = 82) and symptomatic patients with lactose or fructose malabsorption, including positive (malabsorbers; n = 213) and negative (absorbers; n = 56) breath test, being analyzed for the presence of intestinal parasites. A high parasitic prevalence was observed in malabsorbers (41.8%), exclusively due to single-cell eukaryotes but not helminths. Giardia intestinalis was the predominant parasite in cases of abnormal absorption (26.5%), significantly associated with fructose malabsorption and doubling the probability of developing this pathology. Within controls, Blastocystis sp. (13.4%) was almost the only parasite, being the second among patients (12.6%), and Cryptosporidium parvum, the last species of clinical relevance, was detected exclusively in two malabsorbers (0.9%). The consumption of ecological food and professions with direct contact with humans arose as risk factors of parasitism. A diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption in adulthood is the starting point, making the search for the primary cause necessary. Accurate parasitological diagnosis should be considered another tool in the clinical routine for patients with recurrent symptoms, since their condition may be reversible with adequate therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Trelis
- Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.F.M.-T.)
| | - Silvia Taroncher-Ferrer
- Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy (CUNAFF), Lluís Alcanyís Foundation-University of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Gozalbo
- Area of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Vicente Ortiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José M. Soriano
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.F.M.-T.)
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology Group, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18003 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan F. Merino-Torres
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.F.M.-T.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Cantón-Habas V, Carrera-González MDP, Moreno-Casbas MT, Quesada-Gómez JM, Rich-Ruiz M. Correlation between biomarkers of pain in saliva and PAINAD scale in elderly people with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate: descriptive study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032927. [PMID: 31712347 PMCID: PMC6858249 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is an under-diagnosed problem in elderly people, especially in those with cognitive impairment who are unable to verbalise their pain. Although the Pain assessment in advanced dementia scale (PAINAD) scale is a tool recognised for its clinical interest in this type of patients, its correlation with the saliva biomarkers reinforced its utility. The aim of this research will be to correlate the scores of this scale with the levels of biomarkers of pain found in saliva samples of patients with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an observational study. The level of pain will be evaluated using the PAINAD scale. Moreover, pain biomarkers, in particular secretory IgA and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type II, will be determined in saliva. Both assessments will be conducted in 75 patients aged over 65 years with advanced cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. The PAINAD scores will be correlated with the levels of these biomarkers of pain. A control group consisting of 75 healthy subjects aged over 65 years will be included in the study. Moreover, sociodemographic variables and variables related to pain, dementia and other clinical conditions will be recorded. The analysis will be performed with the statistical package SPSS V.22 and the software R. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been reviewed and approved by the Andalusian Human Research Ethics Committee. In addition, this study has been financed by the Junta de Andalucía through a regional health research fund (Research code: PI-0357-2017). The results will be actively disseminated trough a high-impact journal in our study area, conference presentations and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Carrera-González
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) & Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/ Universidad de Córdoba/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Goonatilleke E, Smilowitz JT, Mariño KV, German BJ, Lebrilla CB, Barboza M. Immunoglobulin A N-glycosylation Presents Important Body Fluid-specific Variations in Lactating Mothers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2165-2177. [PMID: 31409668 PMCID: PMC6823845 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is central to mucosal immunity: represents one of the main immunological mechanisms of defense against the potential attack of pathogens. During lactation SIgA is produced by plasmablasts in the mammary gland and is present in breast milk, playing a vital role in the passive immunity of the newborn. Interestingly, the different components of SIgA are highly N-glycosylated, and these N-Glycans have an essential role in health maintenance. In this work, we performed a glycomic study to compare N-glycosylation of SIgA purified from mature breast milk and saliva, and plasma IgA from the same lactating participants. Our results revealed a greater diversity than previously reported, with 89 glycan compositions that may correspond to over 250 structures. Among these glycans, 54 glycan compositions were characterized as body-fluid specific. Most of these unique N-Glycan compositions identified in SIgA from mature milk and IgA from plasma were fucosylated and both fucosylated and sialylated species, whereas in salivary SIgA the unique structures were mainly undecorated complex N-Glycans. In addition, we evaluated the effect of delivery mode on (S)IgA glycosylation. Lactating participants who had given birth by vaginal delivery presented an increased proportion of high mannose and fucosylated glycans in salivary SIgA, and selected high mannose, fucosylated, sialylated, and both fucosylated and sialylated glycans in plasma IgA, indicating that the hormonal changes during vaginal delivery could affect plasma and saliva IgA. These results reveal the structural details that provide a new dimension to the roles of (S)IgA N-Glycans in different tissues, and especially in maternal and new-born protection and infant development. The design of optimal recombinant IgA molecules specifically targeted to protect mucosal surfaces will need to include this dimension of structural detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruce J German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616.
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Feng N, Guan W. Expression fusion immunogen by live attenuated Escherichia coli against enterotoxins infection in mice. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:946-961. [PMID: 31210426 PMCID: PMC6680629 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that enterotoxins from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) appear to be the most important causes of neonatal piglet and porcine post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective vaccine against ETEC infection. In the present study, the Kil cassette was inserted into the pseudogene yaiT by homologous recombination to create an attenuated E. coli double selection platform O142(yaiT-Kil). After that, PRPL-Kil was replaced with a fusion gene (LTA1-STa13 -STb-LTA2-LTB-STa13 -STb) to establish oral vaccines O142(yaiT::LTA1-STa13 -STb-LTA2-LTB-STa13 -STb) (ER-T). Subsequently, BALB/c mice were orally immunized with ER-T. Results showed that serum IgG and faecal sIgA responded against all ETEC enterotoxins and induced F41 antibody in BALB/c mice by orogastrically inoculation with recombinant E. coli ER-T. Moreover, the determination of cellular immune response demonstrated that the stimulation index (SI) was significantly higher in immunized mice than in control mice, and a clear trend in the helper T-cell (Th) response was Th2-cell (IL-4) exceed Th1-cell (IFN-γ).Our results indicated that recombinant E. coli ER-T provides effective protection against ETEC infection.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Diarrhea/microbiology
- Diarrhea/prevention & control
- Diarrhea/veterinary
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/immunology
- Enterotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enterotoxins/genetics
- Enterotoxins/immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control
- Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary
- Escherichia coli Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Escherichia coli Vaccines/immunology
- Feces/chemistry
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/microbiology
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Feng
- College of Life Science and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
| | - Weikun Guan
- College of Life Science and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
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22
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Xie L, Zai J, Yi K, Li Y. Intranasal immunization with recombinant Vaccinia virus Tiantan harboring Zaire Ebola virus gp elicited systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:3335-3342. [PMID: 31076161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating literature revealed that human mucosa was likely one of the important routes for EBOV attachment and further infection. Therefore inducing effective mucosal immune responses play key role in preventing the virus infection. Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VV) was a remarkably attenuated poxvirus, which has been broadly exploited as a multifunctional vector during the development of genetically recombinant vaccine and cancer therapeutic agent. In this study, we generated a recombinant VV harboring EBOV gp (VV-Egp) that was used to immunize mice, followed by assessing immune responses, particularly the mucosal immune responses to EBOV GP. A stable and further attenuated VV-Egp, in which the VV ha gene was replaced with the EBOV gp, was generated. In BALB/c mouse model, intranasal immunization with VV-Egp elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including high level of neutralizing serum IgG and IgA against EBOV, and a large amount of GP-specific IFN-γ secreting lymphocytes. More importantly, EBOV GP-specific neutralizing secreted IgA (sIgA) in nasal wash and both sIgA and IgG in vaginal wash were induced. In summary, immunization with a safe and stable recombinant VV carrying a single EBOV gp conferred robust systemic immune response and mucosal neutralizing antibodies, indicating that the recombinant virus could be utilized as a viral vector for plug-and-play universal platform in mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xie
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Junjie Zai
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Kai Yi
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China.
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Wu Y, Liu Z, Zhu E, Li M, Jiang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Wu X, Wu B, Huang Y. Changes in the small intestine mucosal immune barrier in Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:85-92. [PMID: 31176417 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) causes serious immunodeficiency in the intestinal mucosa, although the underlying histopathological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the impact of MDRV infection on intestinal morphology using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immune-related cells were also quantified by staining with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, and periodic acid-Schiff stain, or by immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry for lectin. Similarly, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry, and the expression of several immune-related molecules was quantified by radioimmunoassay. We found that MDRV clearly damaged the intestinal mucosa, based on tissue morphology, villus length, villus width, intestinal thickness, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area. MDRV also altered the density or distribution of lymphocytes, mastocytes, and goblet cells in the small intestinal mucosa, as well as microfold cells in Peyer's patches. In addition, MDRV markedly depleted CD4+ cells from the intestinal mucosa and lowered the CD4+:CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood. Moreover, MDRV diminished the levels of secretory IgA and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.01), but elevated those of histamine and nitric oxide (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Finally, MDRV significantly suppressed IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-8 levels (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) mid-infection. Collectively, our data suggest that MDRV severely damages the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa by modulating immune cells and immune-related factors, thus leading to local immunodeficiency. Our findings lay the foundation for further research on the pathogenesis of MDRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Wu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenni Liu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Veterinary medicine South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Wu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Colonetti T, Rocha BVE, Grande AJ, Alexandre MCM, Dondossola ER, Madeira K, Rosa MI. Accuracy of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A of saliva in early diagnosis of dengue: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:3147-3154. [PMID: 29947679 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review to synthesize the current evidence on the accuracy of IgM and IgA to early diagnosis the dengue virus. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42015024808). We searched for studies in the following electronic database from 1990 to January 2018. The search identified 3507 studies. Five studies were included for quantitative analysis. Three studies included evaluations of salivary IgM provided a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. Two studies included evaluating of IgA salivary showed a combined sensitivity of 69% and a combined specificity of 98%. Despite the results found and the low methodological quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis it is still soon to claim that IgA is better than IgM to diagnosis Dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Belise V E Rocha
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio J Grande
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria C M Alexandre
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Dondossola
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kristian Madeira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria I Rosa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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25
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Chen Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary synbiotic incorporation as an alternative to antibiotic improves growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and antioxidant capacity of broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3343-3350. [PMID: 29250793 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and oxidative status of broilers. One-day-old male chicks were allocated to three treatments and given a basal diet free from antibiotic (Control group) and a basal diet supplemented with either chlortetracycline or synbiotic for 42 days, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the supplementation of synbiotic increased the average daily gain and gain:feed ratio of broilers from 22 to 42 days and 1 to 42 days of age, as well as the relative weight of the thymus and the secretory immunoglobulin A level in the jejunum and ileum at 42 days of age, with the values of these parameters being similar to the antibiotic group. Dietary synbiotic inclusion promoted the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth of broilers at 21 days of age. The supplementation of synbiotic also reduced the ileal malondialdehyde accumulation of broilers at 42 days of age to a level comparable with that of the antibiotic group. CONCLUSION Dietary synbiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotic could exert beneficial consequences on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and the antioxidant capacity of broilers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Pandey S, Goel M, Nagpal R, Kar A, Rapsang E, Matani P. Evaluation of Total Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Mi/fans-specific SIgA among Children having Dissimilar Caries Status. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:651-655. [PMID: 29959291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of dental caries has become quite a common phenomenon nowadays. The varying levels of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) usually determine the progression of caries. The present study was aimed to determine the correlation between SIgA and mutans-specific antigen SIgA in children having different caries status. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was also completed to correlate the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 60 subjects, who were divided into three groups depending on caries status. In all, saliva was collected to determine the level of SIgA and mutans-specific antigen SIgA using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and method were used to evaluate dental caries. Bradford reagent was used to evaluate the levels of protein in the antigen. Furthermore, 20 sections of enamel were randomly obtained to estimate the severity of caries development among groups. RESULTS Categorical characteristics among all groups were compared by basic statistical analysis and Chi-squared test. Mean age (years) was found to be 9.214 ± 2.28, 9.5 ± 2.51, and 10.2 ± 2.35 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Mutans-specific IgA level (|jg/mL) was 34.63 ± 7.46, 28.24 ± 4.52, and 23.56 ± 1.62 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Total SIgA (jg/mL) was 142.53 ± 22.4, 186.10 ± 24.70, and 214.8 ± 27.56 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Caries index was 6.74 ± 2.16, 2.32 ± 0.86, and 0 ± 0 in groups I, II, and III respectively. CONCLUSION Immunoglobulin A is dominantly present in saliva and it plays a significant role in prevention of dental caries. Hence, dental caries is more likely to develop in subjects with low level of salivary IgA (high caries index). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A low level of IgA may be associated with a high risk of developing dental caries. This association may possibly be useful in predicting the future caries status. Accordingly, suitable caries-preventive measures can be selected and employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Pandey
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Phone: +919424259047 e-mail:
| | - Mahima Goel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravi Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankita Kar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Eliezer Rapsang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priya Matani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
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Staley M, Conners MG, Hall K, Miller LJ. Linking stress and immunity: Immunoglobulin A as a non-invasive physiological biomarker in animal welfare studies. Horm Behav 2018; 102:55-68. [PMID: 29705025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the animal welfare community strives to empirically assess how care and management practices can help maintain or even enhance welfare, the development of tools for non-invasively measuring physiological biomarkers is essential. Of the suite of physiological biomarkers, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), particularly the secretory form (Secretory IgA or SIgA), is at the forefront because of its crucial role in mucosal immunity and links to physical health, stress, and overall psychological well-being. While interpretation of changes in SIgA concentrations on short time scales is complex, long-term SIgA patterns are consistent: conditions that create chronic stress lead to suppression of SIgA. In contrast, when welfare is enhanced, SIgA is predicted to stabilize at higher concentrations. In this review, we examine how SIgA concentrations are reflective of both physiological stress and immune function. We then review the literature associating SIgA concentrations with various metrics of animal welfare and provide detailed methodological considerations for SIgA monitoring. Overall, our aim is to provide an in-depth discussion regarding the value of SIgA as physiological biomarker to studies aiming to understand the links between stress and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Staley
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States.
| | - Melinda G Conners
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
| | - Katie Hall
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
| | - Lance J Miller
- Chicago Zoological Society - Brookfield Zoo, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513, United States
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Demers-Mathieu V, Underwood MA, Beverly RL, Nielsen SD, Dallas DC. Comparison of Human Milk Immunoglobulin Survival during Gastric Digestion between Preterm and Term Infants. Nutrients 2018; 10:E631. [PMID: 29772785 PMCID: PMC5986510 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides immunoglobulins (Igs) that supplement the passive immune system of neonates; however, the extent of survival of these Igs during gastric digestion and whether this differs between preterm and term infants remains unknown. Human milk, and infant gastric samples at 2 h post-ingestion were collected from 15 preterm (23⁻32 week gestational age (GA)) mother-infant pairs and from 8 term (38⁻40 week of GA) mother-infant pairs within 7⁻98 days postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA), total secretory component (SC/SIgA/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM/IgM), and IgG as well as peptidomics. Total IgA concentration decreased by 60% from human milk to the preterm infant stomach and decreased by 48% in the term infant stomach. Total IgM and IgG concentrations decreased by 33% and 77%, respectively, from human milk to the term infant stomach but were stable in the preterm infant stomach. Release of peptides from all Ig isotypes in the term infant stomach was higher than in the preterm stomach. Overall, the stability of human milk Igs during gastric digestion is higher in preterm infant than in term infants, which could be beneficial for assisting the preterm infants' immature immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Robert L Beverly
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Søren D Nielsen
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Vieira KA, Bastos CM, Vitor MGC, Deana AM, Fernandes KPS, Rodrigues MFSD, Pavesi VCS, Bussadori SK. Use of low-level laser therapy on children aged 1 to 5 years with energy-protein malnutrition: A clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0538. [PMID: 29703031 PMCID: PMC5944562 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodes of malnutrition in early childhood can produces alterations in the salivary glands. The investigation of mechanisms that can reduce the impact of malnutrition on the defenses of the organism is of the utmost important and interest to public health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser on the saliva of children aged 1 to 5 years with energy-protein malnutrition. METHODS Mandatory inclusion criteria are diagnosis of malnutrition. The sample will consist of 50 men and women malnourished children aged 12 to 71 months. Saliva will be collected and the volume of saliva will be measured and the salivary flow rate will be determined (mL/min). Concentrations of salivary IgA in all samples will be measured using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Low-level laser (laser diode) will be administered in the region of the parotid glands bilaterally as well as in the regions of the submandibular and sublingual glands. DISCUSSION This study will be the first that investigate the effects of local laser therapy on the salivary glands of malnourished children. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical.trials.gov as NCT03355313, first received in 21 November 2017.
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30
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Boccellino M, Di Stasio D, Serpico R, Lucchese A, Guida A, Settembre G, Di Domenico M, Rizzo A. Analysis of saliva samples in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:107-111. [PMID: 29460526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients affected by Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) usually show orofacial dysfunction, poor oral hygiene, severe tooth wear, generalized caries and thick sticky saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular/ionic changings in PWS patients compared to controls, as well as unstimulated salivary flow rate (SFR); 7 patients with a mean age of 20.0±5.45 years were enrolled in the study group (PWS group) and 5 patients with a mean age of 22.6±3.05 years, in the control group. Results showed a greater Na+ (p=0.003), Cl+ (p=0.004) and P (p=0.001) concentration in saliva of PWS group as well as a greater concentration of secretory IgA (p=0.003) with a reduction of SFR (p=0.004) compared to controls. A Spearmans analysis (based on the SFR of both groups) revealed an inverse correlation with Na (rho=-0.747), Cl (rho=-0.723), P (rho=-0.637) and sIgA (rho=-0.707) concentration and SFR, when linear regression model was performed only P and SFR were interdependent (ß=-0.748; p=0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boccellino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - D Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - R Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Guida
- INT IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascal U.O.C. Maxillo-facial surgery and otolaryngology
| | - G Settembre
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Ainai A, Suzuki T, Tamura SI, Hasegawa H. Intranasal Administration of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine as a Promising Influenza Vaccine Candidate. Viral Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28650274 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the current influenza vaccine, an inactivated virus vaccine administered by subcutaneous/intramuscular injection, is limited to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal influenza outbreaks. Intranasal vaccination, by contrast, mimics natural infection and induces not only systemic IgG antibodies but also local secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies found on the surface of the mucosal epithelium in the upper respiratory tract. S-IgA antibodies are highly effective at preventing virus infection. Although the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) administered intranasally can induce local antibodies, this vaccine is restricted to healthy populations aged 2-49 years because of safety concerns associated with using live viruses in a vaccine. Instead of LAIV, an intranasal vaccine made with inactivated virus could be applied to high-risk populations, including infants and elderly adults. Normally, a mucosal adjuvant would be required to enhance the effect of intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine. However, we found that intranasal administration of a concentrated, whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine without any mucosal adjuvant was enough to induce local neutralizing S-IgA antibodies in the nasal epithelium of healthy individuals with some immunological memory for seasonal influenza viruses. This intranasal vaccine is a novel candidate that could improve on the current injectable vaccine or the LAIV for the prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Xiao L, Ding G, Ding Y, Deng C, Ze X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Song L, Yan H, Liu F, Ben X. Effect of probiotics on digestibility and immunity in infants: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5953. [PMID: 28383398 PMCID: PMC5411182 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a fetus in utero is sterile but it becomes colonized with environmental microorganisms shortly after birth. Since the gut microbiota undergoes substantial changes in early life, healthy gut microflora is essential to an infant's gut health and immune system and probably also has an effect on overall health status in later life. Probiotics, defined as viable microbial preparations that have a beneficial effect on the health of the host, represent a rapidly expanding field. Although randomized controlled trials using probiotics in infants have shown promising results in the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diarrhea and allergy, little is known about whether probiotics could offer benefits to healthy infants. We have designed a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that an oral preparation of probiotics is superior to placebo in improving digestive and immune function in healthy infants.The trial will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-parallel-group study in Shanghai, China. After a 2-week run-in period, 200 exclusively formula-fed healthy infants aged 4 to 6 months will be randomly allocated to receive either a probiotic product containing Bifidobacterium infantis R0033, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 or an identical placebo once daily for 4 weeks and will be followed up for 8 weeks. The duration of the subject's participation will be 14 weeks, with a total of 5 visits: inclusion (Visit 1, Day 1), start of intervention (V2, D15), end of intervention (V3, D44), and follow-up (V4 and V5, D72 and D100). Stool and saliva samples will be collected at the first 3 visits to measure microbial populations and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), respectively. Physical examination will be performed at each visit, and tolerance records will be completed 1 day prior to each visit. The primary endpoints will be the changes in the composition of fecal microbiota, particularly the Bifidobacterium bifidum population. The secondary endpoints will include the change in salivary SIgA level, growth parameters, digestive tolerance, and adverse events.An effective, practical, and acceptable probiotic intervention in manipulating the gut microbiota and boosting the immune system in formula-fed infants would represent a major clinical advance. The administration of probiotic supplementation or follow-on formula to infant may be associated with some clinic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifang Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoming Deng
- Biostime Institute for Nutrition and Care, Biostime Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Biostime Institute for Nutrition and Care, Biostime Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Biostime Institute for Nutrition and Care, Biostime Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Ben
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chairatana P, Nolan EM. Defensins, lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A: microbe-binding biomolecules that contribute to mucosal immunity in the human gut. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:45-56. [PMID: 27841019 PMCID: PMC5233583 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1243654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, the mucosal immune system plays essential roles in maintaining homeostasis between the host and microorganisms, and protecting the host from pathogenic invaders. Epithelial cells produce and release a variety of biomolecules into the mucosa and lumen that contribute to immunity. In this review, we focus on a subset of these remarkable host-defense factors - enteric α-defensins, select lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A - that have the capacity to bind microbes and thereby contribute to barrier function in the human gut. We provide an overview of the intestinal epithelium, describe specialized secretory cells named Paneth cells, and summarize our current understanding of the biophysical and functional properties of these select microbe-binding biomolecules. We intend for this compilation to complement prior reviews on intestinal host-defense factors, highlight recent advances in the field, and motivate investigations that further illuminate molecular mechanisms as well as the interplay between these molecules and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Chairatana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Davydov BN, Samoukina AM, Mikhailova ES, Gavrilova OA, Alekseeva YA. [Variations of oral fluid microbiota in healthy children and adolescents]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2017; 96:56-59. [PMID: 28317832 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796156-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish the bacterial and viral associations of saliva and the immune resistance in 127 healthy people of different ages. The analysis sorted out three variants of oral fluid microbiota differing by certain combination of indigenous and facultative microflora. It was found that with age there is a significant increase in the number of adolescents with the third variant of the microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the number of indigenous microflora and increase in opportunistic microorganisms and viruses. With an increase in microecological shifts a tendency to decrease the level of lysozyme, an increase in the number of secretory IgA, accompanied by a decrease in antibody was revealed. It has been shown that bacterial and viral component of the microbiota of the oral fluid are in a dynamic relationship with each other, as well as immune resistance and can serve as an indicator of the health level and the selection criteria at the stages of clinical examination of children and adolescents, with the risk of dental disease.
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Abstract
Human acquired enamel pellicle is composed of molecules that selectively adsorb from saliva onto tooth surfaces and provides a protective interface between the tooth enamel and the oral environment. To identify the micro-amounts of components present in pellicle, we immunized mice with in vivo-formed human acquired enamel pellicle and analyzed the serum immune responses. Selective reactivities of the serum (OD > 1.0 above background) against albumin, amylase, carbonic anhydrase II, sIgA, IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, lysozyme, proline-rich proteins, statherin, histatin 1, and mucous glycoprotein 1 were observed. We further confirmed the presence of proline-rich proteins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and carbonic anhydrase II by probing in vivo pellicle with specific polyclonal anti-sera. The polyclonal antibody approach provided a powerful method for the identification of various pellicle proteins, including some which show mineral homeostasis or antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Palm AKE, Wattle O, Lundström T, Wattrang E. Secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in horse saliva. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 180:59-65. [PMID: 27692097 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the knowledge on salivary antibodies in the horse since these constitute an important part of the immune defence of the oral cavity. For that purpose assays to detect horse immunoglobulin A (IgA) including secretory IgA (SIgA) were set up and the molecular weights of different components of the horse IgA system were estimated. Moreover, samples from 51 clinically healthy horses were tested for total SIgA and IgG amounts in saliva and relative IgG3/5 (IgG(T)) and IgG4/7 (IgGb) content were tested in serum and saliva. Results showed a mean concentration of 74μg SIgA/ml horse saliva and that there was a large inter-individual variation in salivary SIgA concentration. For total IgG the mean concentration was approx. 5 times lower than that of SIgA, i.e. 20μg IgG/ml saliva and the inter-individual variation was lower than that observed for SIgA. The saliva-serum ratio for IgG isotypes IgG3/5 and IgG4/7 was also assessed in the sampled horses and this analysis showed that the saliva-serum ratio of IgG4/7 was in general approximately 4 times higher than that of IgG3/5. The large inter-individual variation in salivary SIgA levels observed for the normal healthy horses in the present study emphasises the need for a large number of observations when studying this parameter especially in a clinical setting. Moreover, our results also indicated that some of the salivary IgG does not originate from serum but may be produced locally. Thus, these results provide novel insight, and a base for further research, into salivary antibody responses of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin E Palm
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ove Wattle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Lundström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Wattrang
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dowling JS, Hockenberry M, Gregory RL. Sense of Humor, Childhood Cancer Stressors, and Outcomes of Psychosocial Adjustment, Immune Function, and Infection. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:271-92. [PMID: 14738160 DOI: 10.1177/1043454203254046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis, treatment, and side effects of childhood cancer have been described as extremely stressful experiences in the life of a child. Anecdotally, children report that a sense of humor helps them cope with the daily experiences of living with cancer; however, no research has examined sense of humor and childhood cancer stressors. This study investigated the effect of sense of humor on the relationship between cancer stressors and children’s psychosocial adjustment to cancer, immune function, and infection using Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress, appraisal, and coping. A direct relationship was observed between sense of humor and psychosocial adjustment to cancer, such that children with a high sense of humor had greater psychological adjustment, regardless of the amount of cancer stressors. A moderating effect was observed for incidence of infection. As childhood cancer stressors increase, children with high coping humor scores reported fewer incidences of infection than low scorers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Dowling
- University of Massachusetts Lowell Department of Nursing, Lowell, MA 01854-5126, USA
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Mou C, Zhu L, Xing X, Lin J, Yang Q. Immune responses induced by recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in pigs. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:74-84. [PMID: 26988122 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets, results in enormous economic loss in swine-producing areas of the world. To develop an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine for the prevention of TGE, we have constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (B. subtilis CotGSG) displaying the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) spike (S) protein and discussed its immune function to intestinal submucosal dendritic cells (DCs). Our results showed that the recombinant B. subtilis had the ability to recruit more DCs to sample B. subtilis CotGSG, migrate to MLNs, and induce immune responses. Immunized piglets with B. subtilis CotGSG could significantly elevate the specific SIgA titers in feces, IgG titers and neutralizing antibodies in serum. Collectively, our results suggested that recombinant B. subtilis CotGSG expressing the TGEV S protein could effectively induce immune responses via DCs, and provided a perspective on potential novel strategy and approach that may be applicable to the development of the next generation of TGEV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xianping Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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Lima-Aragão MVV, de Oliveira-Junior JDJ, Maciel MCG, Silva LA, do Nascimento FRF, Guerra RNM. Salivary profile in diabetic patients: biochemical and immunological evaluation. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:103. [PMID: 26879274 PMCID: PMC4754859 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and immunological characteristics of saliva from diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic adults. METHODS Eighty-eight diabetic adults and 39 non-diabetic adults (control) were included in the study. Glucose, urea, calcium, total protein and amylase were determined by a colorimetric method. The levels of secretory IgA and the IgA anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-insulin IgA antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Caries status was evaluated using the DMFT index. RESULTS Glucose, urea, calcium, anti-S. mutans IgA, total IgA, and anti-insulin IgA were significantly higher in diabetic patients, whereas total protein and amylase levels were lower in these patients. There was no positive correlation between blood and salivary glucose levels in either group. Diabetic patients had a higher DMFT index. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed for the first time that IgA levels in diabetic patients'saliva, shows correlation with systemic biochemical parameters. Thus the saliva is an useful tool to follow the systemic health status in these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amylases/analysis
- Amylases/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Calcium/analysis
- Case-Control Studies
- Dental Caries/complications
- Dental Caries/immunology
- Dental Caries/metabolism
- Dental Caries/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Glucose/analysis
- Glucose/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Insulin/analysis
- Insulin/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Saliva/chemistry
- Saliva/immunology
- Salivary Proteins and Peptides/analysis
- Salivary Proteins and Peptides/immunology
- Streptococcus mutans/immunology
- Urea/analysis
- Urea/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Virginia Viegas Lima-Aragão
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - João de Jesus de Oliveira-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Cristina Gonçalves Maciel
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | - Lucilene Amorim Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
| | | | - Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), 1966-Centro, São Luís, MA, 65080, Brazil.
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40
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Romero-Martínez A, Lila M, Vitoria-Estruch S, Moya-Albiol L. High Immunoglobulin A Levels Mediate the Association Between High Anger Expression and Low Somatic Symptoms in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators. J Interpers Violence 2016; 31:732-742. [PMID: 25389190 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514556107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that anger expression may be associated with increased salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, which is associated with decreased somatic symptoms, and therefore anger expression may be associated with reduced somatic symptoms in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. This study tested the potential mediating effect of sIgA levels on the relationship between anger expression and respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in IPV perpetrators and non-violent controls. The sample consisted of IPV perpetrators (n = 19) and controls (n = 21). Saliva samples were collected for assessing sIgA levels. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 was used to assess anger expression and the Revised version of the Somatic Symptoms Scale developed by Sandín and Chorot to measure somatic symptoms. High anger expression was associated with low levels of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in IPV perpetrators mediated through high sIgA levels but the same was not true for non-violent controls. This finding supports the hypothesis that for IPV perpetrators, anger expression may be physiologically and psychologically rewarding. Future research examining other immunological parameters is needed to further test this hypothesis. Such effort may illuminate why some IPV perpetrators continue to use violence against their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, Valencia University, Spain
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41
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Mao X, Gu C, Hu H, Tang J, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Luo J, Tian G. Dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation Improves the Mucosal Barrier Function in the Intestine of Weaned Piglets Challenged by Porcine Rotavirus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146312. [PMID: 26727003 PMCID: PMC4699646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has been regarded as a safe probiotic strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary LGG supplementation could alleviate diarrhea via improving jejunal mucosal barrier function in the weaned piglets challenged by RV, and further analyze the potential roles for apoptosis of jejunal mucosal cells and intestinal microbiota. A total of 24 crossbred barrows weaned at 21 d of age were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 diets: the basal diet and LGG supplementing diet. On day 11, all pigs were orally infused RV or the sterile essential medium. RV infusion increased the diarrhea rate, increased the RV-Ab, NSP4 and IL-2 concentrations and the Bax mRNA levels of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), decreased the villus height, villus height: crypt depth, the sIgA, IL-4 and mucin 1 concentrations and the ZO-1, occludin and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), and affected the microbiota of ileum and cecum (P<0.05) in the weaned pigs. Dietary LGG supplementation increased the villus height and villus height: crypt depth, the sIgA, IL-4, mucin 1 and mucin 2 concentrations, and the ZO-1, occludin and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) reduced the Bax mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) in weaned pigs. Furthermore, dietary LGG supplementation alleviated the increase of diarrhea rate in the weaned pigs challenged by RV (P<0.05), and relieve the effect of RV infection on the villus height, crypt depth and the villus height: crypt depth of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), the NSP4, sIgA, IL-2, IL-4, mucin 1 and mucin 2 concentrations of jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), the ZO-1, occludin, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), and the microbiota of ileum and cecum (P<0.05) in the weaned pigs challenged by RV. These results suggest that supplementing LGG in diets alleviated the diarrhea of weaned piglets challenged by RV via inhibiting the virus multiplication and improving the jejunal mucosal barrier function, which was possibly due to the decreasing apoptosis of jejunal mucosal cells and the improvement of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Changsong Gu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yucheng District, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China, Ya’an, People’s Republic of China
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Nakonieczna-Rudnicka M, Bachanek T, Piekarczyk W, Kobyłecka E. Secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva in relation to the status of smoking. Przegl Lek 2016; 73:704-707. [PMID: 29688687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a dominant immunoglobulin in the saliva. It is the first line of defense against microorganisms. AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A concentration in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva. Assessment of sIgA concentration in relation to the status of cigarette smoking of the investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Survey and biochemical studies of saliva were conducted in the group of 109 people (smokers and non-smokers) aged 20-54. The smokers smoked from 5 to more than 20 cigarettes daily. The investigation material was nonstimulated and stimulated saliva collected from patients on the same day between 9.30 and 11.30 a.m, 1.5-2h after meal. Directly after non-stimulated and stimulated saliva collection Salivette tubes were placed in the ice container with the temperature of 4oC, then centrifuged at the temperature of 4oC for 12 minutes at 3000 r/min. The obtained supernatant was stored at the temperature of -75ºC until the assays were performed. sIgA concentration was determined using sIgA ELISA Kit (Immunodiagnostik AG, Germany). Statistical analysis was conducted with the use of Mann – Whitney test. While investigating the influence of age on the studied parameters Spearman correlation coefficient and its significance were used. Statistically significant test values were those of p<0.05. RESULTS In non-stimulated saliva sIgA concentration was significantly higher compared to stimulated saliva (Z = 4.00, p<0.001). No significant differences were stated in sIgA concentration in non-stimulated saliva between smokers and non-smokers (Z = 0.26, p>0.05). No essential differences were stated in sIgA concentration in stimulated saliva between non-smokers and smokers (Z = 0.23, p>0.05). Essential differences were stated between the groups. In men sIgA concentration in stimulated saliva was significantly higher compared to women (Z = 2.25, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS sIgA concentration in non-stimulated saliva is significantly higher in comparison to stimulated saliva. The status of cigarette smoking does not influence the essential differences in sIgA concentration in nonstimulated and stimulated saliva. In men sIgA concentration in stimulated saliva is significantly higher in comparison to women.
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Phillips AC, Carroll D, Drayson MT, Der G. Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion Rate Is Negatively Associated with Cancer Mortality: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145083. [PMID: 26699127 PMCID: PMC4689578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are essential for combating infectious disease although very high levels can indicate underlying pathology. The present study examined associations between secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva and mortality rates in the general population. Participants were 639 adults from the eldest cohort of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study aged 63 years at the time of saliva sampling in 1995. From unstimulated 2-minute saliva samples, saliva volume and S-IgA concentration were measured, and S-IgA secretion rate determined as their product. Mortality data were tracked for 19 years. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to compute hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality from sIgA secretion rate. Associations were adjusted for gender, assay batch, household occupational group, smoking, medication usage, and self-reported health. There was a negative association between log sIgA secretion rate and all-cause mortality, HR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.73–0.91, p < .001. Further analysis of specific causes of mortality revealed that the all-cause association was due to an underlying association with cancer mortality and in particular with cancers other than lung cancer. The HR for non-lung cancer was 0.68 (95%CI = 0.54 to 0.85) implying a 32% reduction in mortality risk per standard deviation rise in log sIgA secretion rate. Effects were stronger for men than women. For deaths from respiratory diseases, sIgA secretion had a non-linear relationship with mortality risk whereby only the very lowest levels of secretion were associated with elevated risk. SIgA concentration revealed a similar but weaker pattern of association. In the present study, higher secretion rates of sIgA were associated with a decreased risk of death from cancer, specifically non-lung cancer, as well as from respiratory disease. Thus, it appears that sIgA plays a protective role among older adults, and could serve as a marker of mortality risk, specifically cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Phillips
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
- * E-mail:
| | - Douglas Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Clinical Immunology Service, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Geoff Der
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Hayden CA, Fischer ME, Andrews BL, Chilton HC, Turner DD, Walker JH, Tizard IR, Howard JA. Oral delivery of wafers made from HBsAg-expressing maize germ induces long-term immunological systemic and mucosal responses. Vaccine 2015; 33:2881-6. [PMID: 25944300 PMCID: PMC4445721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been administered over the last 20 years as a parenteral vaccine against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite high seroconversion rates, chronic infection rates are still high worldwide. Orally delivered vaccines provide a practical alternative to injected vaccines, potentially helping poorly responding populations and providing a viable alternative for populations in remote locations. Anamnestic responses are vital to establishing the efficacy of a given vaccine and have been assessed in this study using a plant-based oral delivery platform expressing HBsAg. METHODS Long-term immunological memory was assessed in mice injected with a primary dose of Recombivax and boosted with orally-delivered HBsAg wafers, control wafers, or parenterally-delivered commercial vaccine (Recombivax). RESULTS Mice boosted with HBsAg orally-administered wafers displayed sharp increases in mucosal IgA titers in fecal material and steep increases in serum IgA, whereas mice boosted with Recombivax showed no detectable levels of IgA in either fecal or serum samples following four boosting treatments. Long-term memory in the orally-treated mice was evidenced by sustained fecal IgA, and serum IgA, IgG, and mIU/mL over one year, while Recombivax-treated mice displayed sustained serum IgG and mIU/mL. Furthermore, sharp increases in these same antibodies were induced after re-boosting at 47 and 50 weeks post-primary injection. CONCLUSIONS Orally-delivered vaccines can provide long-term immune responses mucosally and systemically. For sexually-transmitted diseases that can be acquired at mucosal surfaces, such as HBV, an oral delivery platform may provide added protection over a conventional parenterally administered vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis
- Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/prevention & control
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunologic Memory
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Zea mays/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine A Hayden
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Maria E Fischer
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Bryan L Andrews
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Hayley C Chilton
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Debra D Turner
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John H Walker
- Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Ian R Tizard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John A Howard
- Applied Biotechnology Institute, Cal Poly Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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Mach N, Berri M, Estellé J, Levenez F, Lemonnier G, Denis C, Leplat JJ, Chevaleyre C, Billon Y, Doré J, Rogel-Gaillard C, Lepage P. Early-life establishment of the swine gut microbiome and impact on host phenotypes. Environ Microbiol Rep 2015; 7:554-69. [PMID: 25727666 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract has been suggested to be crucial in the establishment of specific microbiota composition and the shaping of host phenotype. Here, the composition and dynamics of faecal microbiomes were studied for 31 healthy piglets across five age strata (days 14, 36, 48, 60 and 70 after birth) together with their mothers. Faecal microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene 454-pyrosequencing. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla present at each age. For all piglets, luminal secretory IgA concentration was measured at day 70, and body weight was recorded until day 70. The microbiota of suckling piglets was mainly represented by Bacteroides, Oscillibacter, Escherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus and unclassified Ruminococcaceae genera. This pattern contrasted with that of Acetivibrio, Dialister, Oribacterium, Succinivibrio and Prevotella genera, which appeared increased after weaning. Lactobacillus fermentum might be vertically transferred via breast milk or faeces. The microbiota composition coevolved with their hosts towards two different clusters after weaning, primarily distinguished by unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella abundances. Prevotella was positively correlated with luminal secretory IgA concentrations, and body weight. Our study opens up new possibilities for health and feed efficiency manipulation via genetic selection and nutrition in the agricultural domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
| | - Mustapha Berri
- UMR1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR1282 ISP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jordi Estellé
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
| | - Florence Levenez
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
| | - Catherine Denis
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- UMR1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR1282 ISP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Joël Doré
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Rogel-Gaillard
- INRA, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Nelles M, Stein-Streilein J, Hart D, Proia R, Streilein JW. Characterization of a Syrian hamster plasma cell tumor. Prog Exp Tumor Res 2015; 24:414-23. [PMID: 538261 DOI: 10.1159/000402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xie YM, Wang LY, Gao S, Wang ZL. [Effect of ingested immunoglobulin on sIgA expression in pediatric rotavirus enteritis]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2015; 46:71-74. [PMID: 25807800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the effects of ingested anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin on enteric expressions of SIgA in pediatric rotavirus enteritis. METHODS In this randomized, placebo controlled clinic trial, 100 patients of pediatric rotavirus enteritis who simultaneously received fluid replacement as basic therapy, were randomly divided into control and immunoglobulin treated groups. The patients in experimental group were given "ingested antirotavirus IgY". Stool sample was collected at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, the level of fecal SIgA was quantifies by radioimmunoassay kit, and fecal rotavirus shedding was detected by double-sandwich ELISA. RESULTS The frequency of diarrhea in immunoglobulin group was obviously less than that in control group (P<0.05). The mean course of diarrhea was (4.5 +/- 0.92) d in immunoglobulin group, and (5.8 +/- 1.68) d in control group (P=0.015). The fecal SIgA level in immunoglobulin group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05). The doubling time of SIgA level was the 3rd d in immunoglobulin group, and the 5th d in control group. The fecal rotavirus shedding in immunoglobulin group was obviously lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ingested anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin could promote the expression of enteric SIgA to remove rotavirus, achieving the benefit to release diarrhea in pediatric rotavirus enteritis.
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Hsu YC, Chen CH, Lin MC, Tsai CR, Liang JT, Wang TM. Changes in preterm breast milk nutrient content in the first month. Pediatr Neonatol 2014; 55:449-54. [PMID: 24861533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of the study was to investigate the changes in composition of breast milk from mothers with preterm infants (gestation age < 35 weeks) during the first 4-6 weeks of lactation. METHODS Breast milk from 17 mothers who had delivered preterm infants was collected longitudinally for 4-6 weeks. Breast milk from 15 mothers of full-term infants was also collected at the 1(st) week and 4(th) week. Fat, protein, lactose, energy, minerals (calcium and phosphate), and immune components [secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), leptin, lysozyme, and lactoferrin] content were measured weekly in each participant. A mid-infrared human milk analyzer was used to measure the protein, fat, and lactose contents. Calcium and phosphate components were checked via spectrophotometry. The concentrations of major immune components (secretory IgA, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and leptin) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Eighty samples from 17 preterm mothers were collected. The mean gestational age was 29.88 ± 2.39 weeks. There were significant changes in nutrient components during these periods, with increases in lactose (p < 0.001), lipid (p = 0.001), calorie (p = 0.012), and phosphate (p = 0.022) concentration and decreases in protein (p < 0.001) and secretory IgA (p < 0.001) concentration. There were no differences in calcium (p = 0.919), lactoferrin (p = 0.841), leptin (p = 0.092), and lysozyme (p = 0.561) levels. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in most components of breast milk between full-term and preterm mothers. CONCLUSION The longitudinal study revealed significant changes in macronutrient contents and secretory IgA concentration in preterm milk over the 4-6 week period, which is compatible with the results of previous studies. The quantification of phosphate in preterm breast milk was lower than the normal range, suggesting that close monitoring of body bone mass may be indicated. More studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of alterations of major milk components during the postnatal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chi Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Huei Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ren Tsai
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsae Liang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ming Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ye T, Yue Y, Fan X, Dong C, Xu W, Xiong S. M cell-targeting strategy facilitates mucosal immune response and enhances protection against CVB3-induced viral myocarditis elicited by chitosan-DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2014; 32:4457-4465. [PMID: 24958702 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of antigen to mucosal associated lymphoid tissue is a first and critical step for successful induction of mucosal immunity by vaccines. Considering its potential transcytotic capability, M cell has become a more and more attractive target for mucosal vaccines. In this research, we designed an M cell-targeting strategy by which mucosal delivery system chitosan (CS) was endowed with M cell-targeting ability via conjugating with a CPE30 peptide, C terminal 30 amino acids of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), and then evaluated its immune-enhancing ability in the context of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-specific mucosal vaccine consisting of CS and a plasmid encoding CVB3 predominant antigen VP1. It had shown that similar to CS-pVP1, M cell-targeting CPE30-CS-pVP1 vaccine appeared a uniform spherical shape with about 300 nm diameter and +22 mV zeta potential, and could efficiently protect DNA from DNase I digestion. Mice were orally immunized with 4 doses of CPE30-CS-pVP1 containing 50 μg pVP1 at 2-week intervals and challenged with CVB3 4 weeks after the last immunization. Compared with CS-pVP1 vaccine, CPE30-CS-pVP1 vaccine had no obvious impact on CVB3-specific serum IgG level and splenic T cell immune responses, but significantly increased specific fecal SIgA level and augmented mucosal T cell immune responses. Consequently, much milder myocarditis and lower viral load were witnessed in CPE30-CS-pVP1 immunized group. The enhanced immunogenicity and immunoprotection were associated with the M cell-targeting ability of CPE30-CS-pVP1 which improved its mucosal uptake and transcytosis. Our findings indicated that CPE30-CS-pVP1 may represent a novel prophylactic vaccine against CVB3-induced myocarditis, and this M cell-targeting strategy indeed could be applied as a promising and universal platform for mucosal vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Coxsackievirus Infections/pathology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus B, Human/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Fan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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He CS, Bishop NC, Handzlik MK, Muhamad AS, Gleeson M. Sex differences in upper respiratory symptoms prevalence and oral-respiratory mucosal immunity in endurance athletes. Exerc Immunol Rev 2014; 20:8-22. [PMID: 24974718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in oral-respiratory mucosal immunity and the incidence, severity and duration of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) episodes in endurance athletes during a 16-week winter training period. Blood was collected from 210 subjects (147 men and 63 women) at the start and end of the study for determination of differential leukocyte counts. Timed collections of unstimulated saliva were obtained at the start and at 4-week intervals during the study period. Saliva samples were analysed for salivary antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Weekly training and daily illness logs were kept using validated questionnaires. Training loads averaged 11 h/week of moderate-vigorous physical activity and were not different for males and females. The salivary concentration of lysozyme and lactoferrin (both P < 0.04) but not salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) or amylase were higher in males than females. Saliva flow rates were significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.03) and consequently so were the salivary secretion rates of lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase (all P < 0.01) but not SIgA (P = 0.097). Total blood leukocyte, monocyte and lymphocyte counts were not different between the sexes but females had higher numbers of circulating neutrophils (P = 0.040). The average number of URS episodes was 0.6 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- SD) in males and 0.8 +/- 1.0 in females (P = 0.103) and the number of URS days was higher in females (4.7 vs 6.8 days, P < 0.02). The duration of URS episodes was longer in females (11.6 vs 15.5 days, P < 0.03). The findings of this study concur with recent reports of illness incidence at major competitive games indicating that female athletes may be more susceptible than their male counterparts to URS and that lower oral-respiratory mucosal immunity may, in part, account for this.
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