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Allaw M, Manconi M, Caboni P, Bacchetta G, Escribano-Ferrer E, Peris JE, Nacher A, Diez-Sales O, Manca ML. Formulation of liposomes loading lentisk oil to ameliorate topical delivery, attenuate oxidative stress damage and improve cell migration in scratch assay. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112351. [PMID: 34794231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. is a sclerophyllous shrub capable of growing under harsh climatic conditions especially in the Mediterranean Basin. Different products can be obtained from this plant, such as essential oil, mastic gum or even fixed oil. The last is well known for its flavor which is mainly exploited in the food industry. Additionally, it has been traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases, but, at the moment, any suitable formulation for skin delivery has been formulated and its biological effects was not deeply confirmed. Given that, in the present study, the lentisk oil has been formulated in liposomes at different concentrations (10, 20, 30 mg/ml) and their physicochemical, technological and main biological properties have been evaluated. Vesicles were prepared by using natural soy lecithin and a green and organic solvent free method, thus obtaining spherical, small (~ 118 nm), homogeneously dispersed (0.27) and highly negatively charged (~ -62 mV) vesicles. The used amount of oil loaded in liposomes (10, 20, 30 mg/ml) modulated the penetration ability of vesicles in the skin, favoring the deposition of the payload in the deeper strata. The loading in the vesicles potentiated the ability of oil to counteract the damaging effects caused by hydrogen peroxide in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and facilitate their migration in a cell monolayer lesion. Overall findings suggested that the incorporation of lentisk oil in liposomes made from soy lecithin can be an alternative and natural approach to exploit it in pharmaceutical ad cosmetical applications and manufacturing natural products suitable for the treatment of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Allaw
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josè Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Nacher
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Diez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Zhang H, Liu R, Lu Q. Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061264. [PMID: 32168811 PMCID: PMC7144025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87288373; Fax: +86-27-87282111
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Liang F, Cao W, Huang Y, Fang Y, Cheng Y, Pan S, Xu X. Isoflavone biochanin A, a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element activator, protects against oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Biofactors 2019; 45:563-574. [PMID: 31131946 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are one group of the major flavonoids and possess multiple biological activities due to their antioxidant properties. However, a clear antioxidant mechanism of dietary isoflavones is still remained to be answered. In this study, the effects of isoflavones on the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that isoflavones are potential Nrf2-ARE activators while their activities were structure dependent. Biochanin A (BCA), an O-methylated isoflavone with low direct antioxidant activity, can effectively protect HepG2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage via activation of the Nrf2 signaling, and thereby the induction of downstream cytoprotective enzymes including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenasae-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. A molecular docking study revealed that BCA could directly bind into the pocket of Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a cytoplasmic suppressor of Nrf2, to facilitate Nrf2 activation. The upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also involved in the activation of Nrf2 signaling. These findings indicate that the protective actions of dietary isoflavones against oxidative damage may be at least partly due to their ability to enhance the intracellular antioxidant response system by modulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
CONTEXT Actinobacteria are a precious source of novel bioactive metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. OBJECTIVES Representatives of 11 genera of rare Actinobacteria were selected for the evaluation of antioxidant activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fermentation broths of the Actinobacteria were extracted and dosage of 10 to 2000 µg/mL were applied for in vitro antioxidant-related bioassays. Cytotoxicity was assessed at the concentration of 2.5-20 µg/mL. RESULTS In the DPPH scavenging activity, 15 out of 52 extracts showed 17.0-26.8% activity in quantitative evaluation. Metabolites of five prominent antioxidant producing strains protected the DNA (pUC19) against UV-induced photolyzed H2O2-oxidative degradation. The potent antioxidant extracts inhibited two oxidative enzymes of xanthine oxidase in the range of 17.5-45.2% (three extracts had IC50 less than allopurinol) and lipoxygenase in the range of 36-55% (all five extracts had IC50 values less than daidzein). All these extracts could also protect eythrocytes from iron-induced hemolysis with ED50 values in a range of 0.014-1.25 mg/mL. Growth restoration of the yeast cells lacking the sod1 gene was observed by the antioxidant metabolite of Saccharothrix ecbatanensis UTMC 537 at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The presence of nonidentical metabolites might be responsible for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of S. ecbatanensis, newly described actinobacterium in family Pseudonocardiaceae. The scavenging of the free electrons, protection of DNA and model yeast cells against oxidative stress, in addition to the inhibition of the oxidating enzymes are the main mechanisms of the antioxidant effect of the introduced resource in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UTMC-University of Tehran Microorganisms Collection, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- CONTACT Fatemeh MohammadipanahMicrobial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Momenilandi
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Yang X, Peng Q, Liu Q, Hu J, Tang Z, Cui L, Lin Z, Xu B, Lu K, Yang F, Sheng Z, Yuan Q, Liu S, Zhang J, Zhou X. Antioxidant activity against H 2O 2-induced cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract and compounds from Pyrola decorate leaves. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1843-1848. [PMID: 28571528 PMCID: PMC6130655 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1333126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The leaves of Pyrola decorate H. Andr (Pyrolaceae), known as Luxiancao, have long been used for treating kidney deficiency, gastric haemorrhage and rheumatic arthritic diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVE The phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in vitro of P. decorate leaves were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol, petroleum ether, acetidin, n-butyl alcohol and aqueous extracts of Pyrola decorate leaves were prepared by solvent sequential process, and then isolated and purified to obtain phytochemicals. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. PC12 cells were pretreated for 24 h with different extractions of P. decorate leaves at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL, then H2O2 of 0.4 mM was added in all samples for an additional 2 h. The antioxidant capacities of betulin, ursolic acid and monotropein were determined in PC12 cells against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in vitro as well. RESULTS Nine compounds (1-9) were isolated and structurally determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR analyses. Ethanol extract treated groups showed inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 10.83 mg/mL. Betulin, ursolic acid and monotropein were isolated from P. decorate, and demonstrated with IC50 values of 6.88, 6.15 and 6.13 μg/mL, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Pyrola decorate is a potential antioxidative natural plant and worth testing for further pharmacological investigation in the treatment of oxidative stress related neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyun Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianjie Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghao Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuojian Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhizheng Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Hasan RA, Cheng H, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Senna singueana: Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiapoptotic Properties and Phytochemical Profiling of a Methanol Bark Extract. Molecules 2017; 22:E1502. [PMID: 28885586 PMCID: PMC6151733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are considered as an important source for the discovery of new drugs to treat aging-related degenerative diseases and liver injury. The present study profiled the chemical constituents of a methanol extract from Senna singueana bark using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and 36 secondary metabolites were identified. Proanthocyanidins dominated the extract. Monomers, dimers, trimers of (epi)catechin, (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)guibourtinidol, (ent)cassiaflavan, and (epi)afzelechin represented the major constituents. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activities in vitro: In DPPH (EC50 of 20.8 µg/mL), FRAP (18.16 mM FeSO₄/mg extract) assays, and total phenolic content amounted 474 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Also, in an in vivo model, the extract increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans worms pretreated with the pro-oxidant juglone from 43 to 64%, decreased intracellular ROS inside the wild-type nematodes by 47.90%, and induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor DAF-16 in the transgenic strain TJ356. Additionally, the extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine (d-GalN) induced hepatic injury in rats. It significantly reduced elevated AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and total bilirubin. Moreover, the extract induced a strong cytoplasmic Bcl-2 expression indicating suppression of apoptosis. In conclusion, the bark extract of S. sengueana represents an interesting candidate for further research in antioxidants and liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Rehab A Hasan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Haroan Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Salgueiro WG, Goldani BS, Peres TV, Miranda-Vizuete A, Aschner M, da Rocha JBT, Alves D, Ávila DS. Insights into the differential toxicological and antioxidant effects of 4-phenylchalcogenil-7-chloroquinolines in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:133-141. [PMID: 28571752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic selenium and tellurium compounds are known for their broad-spectrum effects in a variety of experimental disease models. However, these compounds commonly display high toxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects have yet to be elucidated. Thus, the need for an animal model that is inexpensive, amenable to high-throughput analyses, and feasible for molecular studies is highly desirable to improve organochalcogen pharmacological and toxicological characterization. Herein, we use Caenorhabdtis elegans (C. elegans) as a model for the assessment of pharmacological and toxicological parameters following exposure to two 4-phenylchalcogenil-7-chloroquinolines derivatives (PSQ for selenium and PTQ for tellurium-containing compounds). While non-lethal concentrations (NLC) of PTQ and PSQ attenuated paraquat-induced effects on survival, lifespan and oxidative stress parameters, lethal concentrations (LC) of PTQ and PSQ alone are able to impair these parameters in C. elegans. We also demonstrate that DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors underlie the mechanism of action of these compounds, as their targets sod-3, gst-4 and gcs-1 were modulated following exposures in a daf-16- and skn-1-dependent manner. Finally, in accordance with a disturbed thiol metabolism in both LC and NLC, we found higher sensitivity of trxr-1 worm mutants (lacking the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1) when exposed to PSQ. Finally, our study suggests new targets for the investigation of organochalcogen pharmacological effects, reinforcing the use of C. elegans as a powerful platform for preclinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian G Salgueiro
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE),Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Goldani
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana S Ávila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE),Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Li W, Lee SH, Jang HD, Ma JY, Kim YH. Antioxidant and Anti-Osteoporotic Activities of Aromatic Compounds and Sterols from Hericium erinaceum. Molecules 2017; 22:E108. [PMID: 28085076 PMCID: PMC6155785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceum, commonly called lion's mane mushroom, is a traditional edible mushroom widely used in culinary applications and herbal medicines in East Asian countries. In this study, a new sterol, cerevisterol 6-cinnamate (6), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceum together with five aromatic compounds 1-5 and five sterols 7-11. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using chemical and physical methods and comparison of HRESIMS, ¹D-NMR (¹H, 13C, and DEPT) and 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectra with previously reported data. The antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic activities of extracts and the isolated compounds 1-11 were investigated. All compounds exhibited peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity but only compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed potent reducing capacity. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed moderate effects on cellular antioxidant activity and inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastic differentiation. These results suggested that H. erinaceum could be utilized in the development of natural antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Hae Dong Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Abimannan T, Peroumal D, Parida JR, Barik PK, Padhan P, Devadas S. Oxidative stress modulates the cytokine response of differentiated Th17 and Th1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:352-363. [PMID: 27567538 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is critical in T helper (Th) cell differentiation; however its role in differentiated Th cell functions is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress on the effector functions of in vitro differentiated mouse Th17 and Th1 cells or CD4+ T cells from patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis using pro-oxidants plumbagin (PB) and hydrogen peroxide. We found that in mouse Th cells, non-toxic concentration of pro-oxidants inhibited reactivation induced expression of IL-17A in Th17 and IFN-γ in Th1 cells by reducing the expression of their respective TFs, RORγt and T-bet. Interestingly, in both the subsets, PB increased the expression of IL-4 by enhancing reactivation induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We further investigated the cytokine modulatory effect of PB on CD4+ T cells isolated from PBMCs of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, a well-known Th17 and or Th1 mediated disease. In human CD4+ T cells from Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, PB reduced the frequencies of IL-17A+ (Th17), IFN-γ+ (Th1) and IL-17A+/IFN-γ+ (Th17/1) cells and also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) an antioxidant completely reversed PB mediated cytokine modulatory effects in both mouse and human cells indicating a direct role for ROS. Together our data suggest that oxidative microenvironment can alter cytokine response of terminally differentiated cells and thus altering intracellular ROS could be a potential way to target Th17 and Th1 cells in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvaimozhi Abimannan
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrashekarpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Doureradjou Peroumal
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrashekarpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Jyoti R Parida
- Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash K Barik
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrashekarpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Chandrashekarpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
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Peralta DR, Adler C, Corbalán NS, Paz García EC, Pomares MF, Vincent PA. Enterobactin as Part of the Oxidative Stress Response Repertoire. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157799. [PMID: 27310257 PMCID: PMC4911079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms produce siderophores to facilitate iron uptake and even though this trait has been extensively studied, there is growing evidence suggesting that siderophores may have other physiological roles aside from iron acquisition. In support of this notion, we previously linked the archetypal siderophore enterobactin with oxidative stress alleviation. To further characterize this association, we studied the sensitivity of Escherichia coli strains lacking different components of the enterobactin system to the classical oxidative stressors hydrogen peroxide and paraquat. We observed that strains impaired in enterobactin production, uptake and hydrolysis were more susceptible to the oxidative damage caused by both compounds than the wild-type strain. In addition, meanwhile iron supplementation had little impact on the sensitivity, the reducing agent ascorbic acid alleviated the oxidative stress and therefore significantly decreased the sensitivity to the stressors. This indicated that the enterobactin-mediated protection is independent of its ability to scavenge iron. Furthermore, enterobactin supplementation conferred resistance to the entE mutant but did not have any protective effect on the fepG and fes mutants. Thus, we inferred that only after enterobactin is hydrolysed by Fes in the cell cytoplasm and iron is released, the free hydroxyl groups are available for radical stabilization. This hypothesis was validated testing the ability of enterobactin to scavenge radicals in vitro. Given the strong connection between enterobactin and oxidative stress, we studied the transcription of the entE gene and the concomitant production of the siderophore in response to such kind of stress. Interestingly, we observed that meanwhile iron represses the expression and production of the siderophore, hydrogen peroxide and paraquat favour these events even if iron is present. Our results support the involvement of enterobactin as part of the oxidative stress response and highlight the existence of a novel regulation mechanism for enterobactin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana R. Peralta
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Conrado Adler
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Natalia S. Corbalán
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Enrique Carlos Paz García
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Pomares
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paula A. Vincent
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI -San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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11
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Lo MC, Chen MH, Lee WS, Lu CI, Chang CR, Kao SH, Lee HM. Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine-induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy cause decreased insulin secretion from β-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E829-39. [PMID: 26394662 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00151.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine-conjugated bovine serum albumin (CML-BSA) is a major component of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We hypothesised that AGEs reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by damaging mitochondrial functions and inducing mitophagy. Mitochondrial morphology and the occurrence of autophagy were examined in pancreatic islets of diabetic db/db mice and in the cultured CML-BSA-treated insulinoma cell line RIN-m5F. In addition, the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on mitochondria in AGE-damaged tissues were evaluated. The diabetic db/db mouse exhibited an increase in the number of autophagosomes in damaged mitochondria and receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Treatment of db/db mice with ALA for 12 wk increased the number of mitochondria with well-organized cristae and fewer autophagosomes. Treatment of RIN-m5F cells with CML-BSA increased the level of RAGE protein and autophagosome formation, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased insulin secretion. CML-BSA also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and caused mitochondrial DNA deletions. Elevated fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) level and mitochondrial fragmentation demonstrated the unbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission in CML-BSA-treated cells. Additionally, increased levels of Parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 protein suggest that fragmented mitochondria were associated with increased mitophagic activity, and ALA attenuated the CML-BSA-induced mitophage formation. Our study demonstrated that CML-BSA induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells. The findings from this study suggest that increased concentration of AGEs may damage β-cells and reduce insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Paul's Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-I Lu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Mo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, HT), a major polyphenol in olive oils, has received increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities. However, it is not well understood how HT works on the neuronal system. We report herein that HT efficiently scavenges free radicals in vitro and displays cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced damage in PC12 cells. HT completely protects the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced death and rescues the cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage. Mechanistic studies reveal that Nrf2 is a prerequisite for the neuroprotection of HT as knocking down Nrf2 eliminated this action. HT, via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, elevates a panel of cytoprotective enzymes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase, HO-1, NQO1 and thioredoxin reductase. Our study reveals that HT provides dual neuroprotection and cellular antioxidant defense as both a free radical scavenger and Nrf2 activator, suggesting the potential pharmaceutical usage of HT for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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13
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Li Y, Wills RBH, Golding JB, Huque R. Effect of halide salts on development of surface browning on fresh-cut 'Granny Smith' (Malus × domestica Borkh) apple slices during storage at low temperature. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:945-952. [PMID: 24898689 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postharvest life of fresh-cut apple slices is limited by browning on cut surfaces. Dipping in halide salt solutions was examined for their inhibition of surface browning on 'Granny Smith' apple slices and the effects on biochemical factors associated with browning. RESULTS Delay in browning by salts was greatest with chloride = phosphate > sulfate > nitrate with no difference between sodium, potassium and calcium ions. The effectiveness of sodium halides on browning was fluoride > chloride = bromide > iodide = control. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of tissue extracted from chloride- and fluoride-treated slices was not different to control but when added into the assay solution, NaF > NaCl both showed lower PPO activity at pH 3-5 compared to control buffer. The level of polyphenols in treated slices was NaF > NaCl > control. Addition of chlorogenic acid to slices enhanced browning but NaCl and NaF counteracted this effect. There was no effect of either halide salt on respiration, ethylene production, ion leakage, and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Dipping apple slices in NaCl is a low cost treatment with few impediments to commercial use and could be a replacement for other anti-browning additives. The mode of action of NaCl and NaF is through decreasing PPO activity resulting in reduced oxidation of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
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14
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Ouchi A, Nagaoka SI, Suzuki T, Izumisawa K, Koike T, Mukai K. Finding of synergistic and cancel effects on the aroxyl radical-scavenging rate and suppression of prooxidant effect for coexistence of α-tocopherol with β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (or -tocotrienols). J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:8101-8113. [PMID: 25052002 DOI: 10.1021/jf502049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of aroxyl radical (ArO•)-scavenging rate constants (k(s)(AOH)) of antioxidants (AOHs) [α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (TocHs) and -tocotrienols (Toc-3Hs)] were performed in ethanol solution via stopped-flow spectrophotometry. k(s)(AOH) values of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Toc-3Hs showed good agreement with those of the corresponding α-, β-, γ-, and δ- TocHs. k(s)(AOH) values were measured not only for each antioxidant but also for mixtures of two antioxidants: (i) α-TocH with β-, γ-, or δ-TocH and (ii) α-TocH with α-, β-, γ-, or δ-Toc-3H. A synergistic effect in which the k(s)(AOH) value increases by 12% for γ-TocH (or by 12% for γ-Toc-3H) was observed for solutions including α-TocH and γ-TocH (or γ-Toc-3H). On the other hand, a cancel effect in which the k(s)(AOH) value decreases (a) by 7% for β-TocH (or 11% for β-Toc-3H) and (b) by 24% for δ-TocH (or 25% for δ-Toc-3H) was observed for solutions including two kinds of antioxidants. However, only a synergistic effect may function in edible oils, because contents of β- and δ-TocHs (and β- and δ-Toc-3Hs) are much less than those of α- and γ-TocHs (and α- and γ-Toc-3Hs) in many edible oils. UV-vis absorption of α-Toc•, which was produced by reaction of α-TocH with ArO•, decreased remarkably for coexistence of α-TocH with β-, γ-, or δ-TocH (or β-, γ-, or δ-Toc-3H), indicating that the prooxidant effect of α-Toc• is suppressed by the coexistence of other TocHs and Toc-3Hs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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15
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Toledo FD, Pérez LM, Basiglio CL, Ochoa JE, Sanchez Pozzi EJ, Roma MG. The Ca²⁺-calmodulin-Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1695-709. [PMID: 24614978 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a common event in most hepatopathies, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation and further exacerbation of both OS from mitochondrial origin and cell death. Intracellular Ca²⁺ increase plays a permissive role in these events, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly known. We examined in primary cultured rat hepatocytes whether the Ca²⁺/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling pathway is involved in this process, by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) as a pro-oxidant, model compound. tBOOH (500 μM, 15 min) induced MPTP formation, as assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane depolarization as a surrogate marker, and increased lipid peroxidation in a cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive manner, revealing the involvement of MPTPs in tBOOH-induced radical oxygen species (ROS) formation. Intracellular Ca²⁺ sequestration with BAPTA/AM, CaM blockage with W7 or trifluoperazine, and CaMKII inhibition with KN-62 all fully prevented tBOOH-induced MPTP opening and reduced tBOOH-induced lipid peroxidation to a similar extent to CsA, suggesting that Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway fully mediates MPTP-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation. tBOOH-induced apoptosis, as shown by flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and increase in the Bax-to-Bcl-xL ratio, and the Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling antagonists fully prevented these effects. Intramitochondrial CaM and CaMKII were partially involved in tBOOH-induced MPTP formation, since W7 and KN-62 both attenuated the tBOOH-induced, MPTP-mediated swelling of isolated mitochondria. We concluded that Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway is a key mediator of OS-induced MPTP formation and the subsequent exacerbation of OS from mitochondrial origin and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia D Toledo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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16
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Abstract
NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) is commonly used to identify and test ROS (reactive oxygen species) inducers, and to inhibit ROS. In the present study, we identified inhibition of proteasome inhibitors as a novel activity of NAC. Both NAC and catalase, another known scavenger of ROS, similarly inhibited ROS levels and apoptosis associated with H₂O₂. However, only NAC, and not catalase or another ROS scavenger Trolox, was able to prevent effects linked to proteasome inhibition, such as protein stabilization, apoptosis and accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates. These observations suggest that NAC has a dual activity as an inhibitor of ROS and proteasome inhibitors. Recently, NAC was used as a ROS inhibitor to functionally characterize a novel anticancer compound, piperlongumine, leading to its description as a ROS inducer. In contrast, our own experiments showed that this compound depicts features of proteasome inhibitors including suppression of FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1), stabilization of cellular proteins, induction of ROS-independent apoptosis and enhanced accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates. In addition, NAC, but not catalase or Trolox, interfered with the activity of piperlongumine, further supporting that piperlongumine is a proteasome inhibitor. Most importantly, we showed that NAC, but not other ROS scavengers, directly binds to proteasome inhibitors. To our knowledge, NAC is the first known compound that directly interacts with and antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that, as a result of the dual nature of NAC, data interpretation might not be straightforward when NAC is utilized as an antioxidant to demonstrate ROS involvement in drug-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Halasi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Tanmay S. Chavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
- Research and Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Andrei L. Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A
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17
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Lee SH, Kang SM, Ko SC, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Octaphlorethol A, a novel phenolic compound isolated from Ishige foliacea, protects against streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β cell damage by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:643-9. [PMID: 23871829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are extremely sensitive to oxidative stress, which probably has an important role in β cell damage in diabetes. The protective effect of octaphlorethol A (OPA), a novel phenolic compound isolated from Ishige foliacea, against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β cell damage was investigated using a rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F pancreatic β cells). Pretreatment with OPA decreased the death of STZ-treated pancreatic β cells at concentrations of 12.5 μg/ml or 50 μg/ml, and reduced the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-treated pancreatic β cells. In addition, the OPA pretreatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in STZ-treated pancreatic β cells. Moreover, OPA treatment elevated the level of insulin, which was reduced by STZ treatment, and protected pancreatic β cells against damage under STZ-treated conditions. These effects were mediated by suppressing apoptosis and were associated with increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL expression and reduced pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These findings indicate that OPA may be useful as a potential pharmaceutical agent to protect against pancreatic β cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jo C, Koh YH. Cadmium induces N-cadherin cleavage via ERK-mediated γ-secretase activation in C6 astroglia cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:117-21. [PMID: 23876460 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin has known to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, it is still obscure about the signaling pathway involving in the processing of N-cadherin. Thus, we examined which signaling pathway plays a major role in the processing of N-cadherin in C6 glioma cells following treatment of cadmium (Cd), a highly ubiquitous heavy metal. A cleavage product of N-cadherin, N-cad/CTF2 was observed by the treatment of Cd to C6 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The production of N-cad/CTF2 was inhibited by pretreatment of γ-secretase inhibitors or siRNA transfection of nicastrin, indicating that γ-secretase is involved in the cleavage. Interestingly, Cd could activate both ERK and JNK signaling pathways in C6 cells; however, γ-secretase-mediated N-cad/CTF2 production by Cd was completely blocked by MEK1/2 inhibitors PD184352 and U0126, but not by a JNK inhibitor SP600125, demonstrating that the ERK signaling pathway plays a major role in the cleavage. In addition, pretreatment of an antioxidant or Ca²⁺ blocker blocked the production of N-cad/CTF2 by Cd together with the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Collectively, these results suggest that Cd increases intracellular Ca²⁺ or ROS, which induces γ-secretase-dependent N-cad/CTF2 production via the activation of the ERK signaling pathway in C6 glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Gangoe-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
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19
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Si CL, Shen T, Jiang YY, Wu L, Yu GJ, Ren XD, Xu GH, Hu WC. Antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effects of isocampneoside II on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:145-52. [PMID: 23770344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered as a major cause of cell damage in various neurodegenerative disorders. One of the reasonable strategies for delaying the disease's progression is to prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cellular injury by dietary or pharmaceutical augmentation of free radical scavengers. Isocampneoside II (ICD) is an active phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the medicinal hardwood genus Paulownia. This study was designed to explore free radical scavenging potential of ICD in different in vitro systems and its protective role in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The results showed ICD eliminated approximately 80.75% superoxide radical at the concentration of 0.1mg/ml and inhibited metal chelating by 22.07% at 8 mg/ml. Additionally, ICD showed a strong ability on reducing power and provided protection against oxidative protein damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with ICD prior to H₂O₂ exposure elevated cell viability, enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde and intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ICD inhibited cell apoptosis and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio induced by H₂O₂. These findings suggested ICD may be considered as a potential antioxidant agent and should encourage for further research in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, College of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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20
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Liu H, Bian W, Liu S, Huang K. Selenium protects bone marrow stromal cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation by suppressing oxidative stress and ERK signaling pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:441-50. [PMID: 22890880 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Oxidative stress may play a major role in the development of osteoporosis in part by inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs). Some evidence suggested that antioxidant selenium could prevent osteoporosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, the effect of sodium selenite on H₂O₂-induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation of primary rat bone MSCs and the related mechanisms were examined. Pretreatment with selenite inhibited the adverse effect of H₂O₂ on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs, based on alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin, and matrix mineralization. In addition, selenite pretreatment also suppressed the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by H₂O₂. The above effects were mediated by the antioxidant effect of selenite. Selenite enhanced the gene expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase, reversed the decreased total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione, and suppressed reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation level in H₂O₂-treated MSCs. These results showed that selenite protected MSCs against H₂O₂-induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation through inhibiting oxidative stress and ERK activation, which provided, for the first time, the mechanistic explanation for the negative association of selenium status and risk of osteoporosis in terms of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Kaushik G, Kaushik T, Yadav SK, Sharma SK, Ranawat P, Khanduja KL, Pathak CM. Curcumin sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma cells to apoptosis via intracellular redox status mediated pathway. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:853-861. [PMID: 23986968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that curcumin acts as pro-oxidant and sensitizes human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) to apoptosis via intracellular redox status mediated pathway. Results indicated that curcumin induced cell toxicity (light microscopy and MTT assay) and apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC/PI labeling and caspase-3 activity) in these cells. These events seem to be mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide radicals (SOR) and enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation. These changes were accompanied by increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity, but decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. The induction of apoptosis and decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio was also accompanied by sustained phosphorylation and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). On the other hand, addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, blocked the curcumin-induced ROS production and rescued malignant cells from curcumin-induced apoptosis through caspase-3 deactivation. However, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH synthesis blocking agent, further enhanced curcumin-induced ROS production and apoptosis in A549 cells. Decreased GSH/GSSG ratio seems to be a crucial factor for the activation of MAPK signaling cascade by curcumin. The study therefore, provides an insight into the molecular mechanism involved in sensitization of lung adenocarcinoma cells to apoptosis by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
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22
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Ramos AA, Pedro D, Collins AR, Pereira-Wilson C. Protection by Salvia extracts against oxidative and alkylation damage to DNA in human HCT15 and CO115 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2012; 75:765-75. [PMID: 22788364 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.689804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents contributes to carcinogenesis, leading to possible mutations if replication proceeds without proper repair. However, some alkylating agents are used in cancer therapy due to their ability to induce DNA damage and subsequently apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, the genotoxic effects of oxidative hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and alkylating agents N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitosourea (BCNU) agents were examined in two colon cell lines (HCT15 and CO115). DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay with and without lesion-specific repair enzymes. Genotoxic agents were used for induction of DNA damage in both cell lines. Protective effects of extracts of three Salvia species, Salvia officinalis (SO), Salvia fruticosa (SF), and Salvia lavandulifolia (SL), against DNA damage induced by oxidative and alkylating agents were also determined. SO and SF protected against oxidative DNA damage in HCT15 cells. SO and SL decreased DNA damage induced by MNU in CO115 cells. In addition to chemopreventive effects of sage plant extracts, it was also important to know whether these plant extracts may interfere with alkylating agents such as BCNU used in cancer therapy, decreasing their efficacy. Our results showed that sage extracts tested and rosmarinic acid (RA), the main constituent, protected CO115 cells from DNA damage induced by BCNU. In HCT15 cells, only SF induced a reduction in BCNU-induced DNA damage. Sage water extracts and RA did not markedly change DNA repair protein expression in either cell line. Data showed that sage tea protected colon cells against oxidative and alkylating DNA damage and may also interfere with efficacy of alkylating agents used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Sun Y, Kojima C, Chignell C, Mason R, Waalkes MP. Arsenic transformation predisposes human skin keratinocytes to UV-induced DNA damage yet enhances their survival apparently by diminishing oxidant response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:242-50. [PMID: 21820459 PMCID: PMC3169845 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic and UV, both human skin carcinogens, may act together as skin co-carcinogens. We find human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) are malignantly transformed by low-level arsenite (100nM, 30weeks; termed As-TM cells) and with transformation concurrently undergo full adaptation to arsenic toxicity involving reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress response to high arsenite concentrations. Oxidative DNA damage (ODD) is a possible mechanism in arsenic carcinogenesis and a hallmark of UV-induced skin cancer. In the current work, inorganic arsenite exposure (100nM) did not induce ODD during the 30weeks required for malignant transformation. Although acute UV-treatment (UVA, 25J/cm(2)) increased ODD in passage-matched control cells, once transformed by arsenic to As-TM cells, acute UV actually further increased ODD (>50%). Despite enhanced ODD, As-TM cells were resistant to UV-induced apoptosis. The response of apoptotic factors and oxidative stress genes was strongly mitigated in As-TM cells after UV exposure including increased Bcl2/Bax ratio and reduced Caspase-3, Nrf2, and Keap1 expression. Several Nrf2-related genes (HO-1, GCLs, SOD) showed diminished responses in As-TM cells after UV exposure consistent with reduced oxidant stress response. UV-exposed As-TM cells showed increased expression of cyclin D1 (proliferation gene) and decreased p16 (tumor suppressor). UV exposure enhanced the malignant phenotype of As-TM cells. Thus, the co-carcinogenicity between UV and arsenic in skin cancer might involve adaptation to chronic arsenic exposure generally mitigating the oxidative stress response, allowing apoptotic by-pass after UV and enhanced cell survival even in the face of increased UV-induced oxidative stress and increased ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Chikara Kojima
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Colin Chignell
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Ronald Mason
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael P. Waalkes
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu J, Hao Y, Yang X, Wang Y. Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant effects of the natural vitamin C analog 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid isolated from Goji berry fruit. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:801-10. [PMID: 21656366 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is a natural derivative of vitamin C (Lascorbic acid, AA) isolated from Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) fruit. We evaluated the antioxidant activities of AA-2βG and AA using in vitro and in vivo model systems. In vitro radical scavenging assays demonstrated that AA-βG was capable of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and hydroxyl peroxide and inhibiting H(2)O(2)-induced hemolysis better than AA. AA-2βG and AA had similar hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities, but AA-2βG was incapable of scavenging superoxide anion radicals, and its capacity to scavenge nitrite (NO(2) (-)) was lower than that of AA. The overall in vitro reduction capability of AA-2βG was also significantly lower than that of AA. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that AA-2βG was capable of protecting the liver against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. These results suggest that AA-2βG is an important antioxidant component of Goji berry fruit, which may share similar but distinct antioxidant mechanistic properties with AA. This study furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of Goji berry fruit pharmacological activities on antiaging and antitumor properties as a traditional medicine and dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
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25
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O'Hanlon DE, Lanier BR, Moench TR, Cone RA. Cervicovaginal fluid and semen block the microbicidal activity of hydrogen peroxide produced by vaginal lactobacilli. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:120. [PMID: 20482854 PMCID: PMC2887447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2O2 produced by vaginal lactobacilli is believed to protect against infection, and H2O2-producing lactobacilli inactivate pathogens in vitro in protein-free salt solution. However, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and semen have significant H2O2-blocking activity. METHODS We measured the H2O2 concentration of CVF and the H2O2-blocking activity of CVF and semen using fluorescence and in vitro bacterial-exposure experiments. RESULTS The mean H2O2 measured in fully aerobic CVF was 23 +/- 5 microM; however, 50 microM H2O2 in salt solution showed no in vitro inactivation of HSV-2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hemophilus ducreyii, or any of six BV-associated bacteria. CVF reduced 1 mM added H2O2 to an undetectable level, while semen reduced 10 mM added H2O2 to undetectable. Moreover, the addition of just 1% CVF supernatant abolished in vitro pathogen-inactivation by H2O2-producing lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS Given the H2O2-blocking activity of CVF and semen, it is implausible that H2O2-production by vaginal lactobacilli is a significant mechanism of protection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E O'Hanlon
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Blair R Lanier
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Richard A Cone
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- ReProtect, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21286, USA
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Natsume M, Osakabe N, Yasuda A, Baba S, Tokunaga T, Kondo K, Osawa T, Terao J. In VitroAntioxidative Activity of (−)-Epicatechin Glucuronide Metabolites Present in Human and Rat Plasma. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:1341-8. [PMID: 15763958 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently we identified four conjugated glucuronide metabolites of epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin-3'-O-glucuronide (E3'G), 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-3'-O-glucuronide (4'ME3'G), (-)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (E7G) and 3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (3'ME7G) from plasma and urine. E3'G and 4'ME3'G were isolated from human urine, while E7G and 3'ME7G were isolated from rats that had received oral administration of (-)-epicatechin (Natsume et al. (2003), Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34,840-849). It has been suggested that these metabolites possess considerable in vivo activity, and therefore we carried out a study to compare the antioxidant activities of the metabolites with that of the parent compound. This was achieved by measuring superoxide scavenging activity, reduction of plasma TBARS production and reduced susceptibility of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. (-)-Epicatechin was found to have more potent antioxidant activity than the conjugated glucuronide metabolites. Both (-)-epicatechin and E7G had marked antioxidative properties with respect to superoxide radical scavenging activity, plasma oxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis-(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and LDL oxidation induced by copper ions or 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (MeO-AMVN). In contrast, the other metabolites had light antioxidative activities over the range of physiological concentrations found in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Natsume
- Healthcare R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan.
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Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SeP) is an extracellular glycoprotein with 8-10 selenocysteines per molecule, containing approximately 50% of total selenium in human serum. An antioxidant function of SeP has been postulated. In the present study, we show that SeP protects low-density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation in a cell-free in-vitro system. LDL were isolated from human blood plasma and oxidized with CuCl2, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) (AAPH) or peroxynitrite in the presence or absence of SeP, using the formation of conjugated dienes as parameter for lipid peroxidation. SeP delayed the CuCl2- and AAPH-induced LDL oxidation significantly and more efficiently than bovine serum albumin used as control. In contrast, SeP was not capable of inhibiting peroxynitrite-induced LDL oxidation. The protection of LDL against CuCl2- and AAPH-induced oxidation provides evidence for the antioxidant capacity of SeP. Because SeP associates with endothelial membranes, it may act in vivo as a protective factor inhibiting the oxidation of LDL by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Traulsen
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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28
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Mak JCW. Pathogenesis of COPD. Part II. Oxidative-antioxidative imbalance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:368-374. [PMID: 18371260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a serious global health problem that affects the aged. This State of the Art article summarises previous studies on oxidative-antioxidative imbalance in patients with stable COPD or in acute exacerbations. Recent literature in this field reports conflicting findings. Several studies on markers of oxidative stress have demonstrated increased production of oxidants in exhaled air, breath condensates or induced sputum. The primary defence against oxidants is endogenous antioxidants, which are altered in COPD. Some studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in plasma antioxidant capacity, while other studies have shown opposite findings. A few studies have shown higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in COPD patients and healthy smokers than those in healthy non-smokers. In contrast, we found no differences in erythrocyte SOD activity and elevated erythrocyte catalase activity in Chinese patients with COPD compared with healthy smokers matched for age and pack-years smoked. Possible reasons for such discrepancies could be related to differences in inter-individual variations in antioxidant capacity as a result of different populations and also differences in methodologies between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bulmer AC, Ried K, Blanchfield JT, Wagner KH. The anti-mutagenic properties of bile pigments. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2008; 658:28-41. [PMID: 17602853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bile pigments, including bilirubin and biliverdin, are endogenous compounds belonging to the porphyrin family of molecules. In the past, bile pigments and bilirubin in particular were thought of as useless by-products of heme catabolism that can be toxic if they accumulate. However, in the past 20 years, research probing the physiological relevance of bile pigments has been mounting, with evidence to suggest bile pigments possess significant antioxidant and anti-mutagenic properties. More specifically, bile pigments are potent peroxyl radical scavengers and inhibit the mutagenic effects of a number of classes of mutagens (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, oxidants). Coincidentally, persons with elevated circulating bilirubin concentrations have a reduced prevalence of cancer and cardio-vascular disease. Despite the encouraging in vitro anti-mutagenic effects of bile pigments, relatively little research has been conducted on their inhibitory capacity in bacterial and cultured cell assays of mutation, which might link the existing in vitro and in vivo observations. This is the first review to summarise the published data and it is our hope it will stimulate further research on these potentially preventative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bulmer
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Biopharma Pty. Ltd., 2/67 Richland Avenue, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - K Ried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Blanchfield
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K-H Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Alcohol-related chronic myopathy is characterized by severe biochemical and structural changes to skeletal muscle. Our goals were to: (1) identify early regulatory elements that precede the overt manifestation of plantaris atrophy; and (2) circumvent these derangements by supplementing alcohol-fed rats with the glutathione precursor, procysteine. After 6 weeks of daily ingestion, before the development of overt atrophy of the plantaris muscle, alcohol increased several markers of oxidative stress and increased gene expressions of atrogin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) by approximately 60- and approximately 65-fold, respectively, which were attenuated by procysteine supplementation. Interestingly, after 28 weeks of alcohol ingestion, when overt plantaris atrophy had developed, atrogin-1 and TGF-beta1 gene expression had returned to baseline levels. Together, these findings suggest that alcohol-induced, redox-sensitive alterations drive pro-atrophy signaling pathways that precede muscle atrophy. Therefore, targeted anti-oxidant treatments such as procysteine supplementation may benefit individuals with chronic alcohol abuse, particularly if given prior to the development of clinically significant myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Otis
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA.
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Wilms LC, Kleinjans JCS, Moonen EJC, Briedé JJ. Discriminative protection against hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals by quercetin in human leucocytes in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:301-7. [PMID: 17959353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants play a vital role in the cellular protection against oxidative damage. Quercetin is a well-investigated antioxidant and known to be able to protect against cellular oxidative DNA damage. In this study, we tried to relate the protection by quercetin pre-treatment against oxidative DNA damage in human leucocytes in vitro to the interaction of quercetin in solution with hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, using DMPO as a spin trap. Further, scavenging capacity of quercetin-treated leucocytes in vitro was evaluated by ESR spectrometry. Quercetin appears capable of protecting human leucocytes against oxidative DNA damage caused by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. The protection of leucocytes against superoxides is ambiguous. Incubation concentrations of quercetin (1, 10, and 50 microM) reduced levels of superoxide-induced oxidative DNA damage, while at 100 microM the amount of damage was increased. These results are supported by ESR-findings on quercetin in solution, also showing a prooxidant effect at 100 microM. ESR spectroscopy showed rate constant values for the reaction kinetics of quercetin in lowering iron-dependent hydroxyl radical formation and NADH-dependent superoxide anion formation of respectively 3.2 x 10(12)M(-1)s(-1) and 1.1 x 10(4)M(-1)s(-1). This shows that quercetin is a more potent inhibitor of hydroxyl radical formation than a scavenger of superoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke C Wilms
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhong J, Yao W, Lee W. Cesium chloride protects cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis induced by low potassium. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:359-65. [PMID: 17804190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and neuroprotective agents targeting apoptotic signaling could have therapeutic use. Here we report that cesium chloride, an alternative medicine in treating radiological poison and cancer, has neuroprotective actions. Serum and potassium deprivation induced cerebellar granule neurons to undergo apoptosis, which correlated with the activation of caspase-3. Cesium prevented both the activation of caspase-3 and neuronal apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Cesium at 8 mM increased the survival of neurons from 45 +/- 3% to 91 +/- 5% of control. Cesium's neuroprotection was not mediated by PI3/Akt or MAPK signaling pathways, since it was unable to activate either Akt or MAPK by phosphorylation. In addition, specific inhibitors of PI3 kinase and MAP kinase did not block cesium's neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, cesium inactivated GSK3beta by phosphorylation of serine-9 and GSK3beta-specific inhibitor SB415286 prevented neuronal apoptosis. These data indicate that cesium's neuroprotection is likely via inactivating GSK3beta. Furthermore, cesium also prevented H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal death (increased the survival of neurons from 72 +/- 4% to 89 +/- 3% of control). Given its relative safety and good penetration of the brain blood barrier, our findings support the potential therapeutic use of cesium in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Cheng XC, Liu XY, Xu WF, Guo XL, Ou Y. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel Ligustrazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3315-20. [PMID: 17383884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel Ligustrazine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and assayed for their protective effects on damaged ECV-304 cells and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The results showed that most Ligustrazine derivatives exhibited lower EC(50) values for protective effects on the ECV-304 cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide in comparison with Ligustrazine. And some Ligustrazine derivatives presented better antiplatelet aggregation activities than Ligustrazine. The derivatives containing the bisphenylmethyl pharmacophore (7a-c) exhibited highest potency. Compound 7a displayed most potential protective effects on the ECV-304 cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide, and compound 7c was found to be the most active antiplatelet aggregation agent. Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chao Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
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de Boer WI, Yao H, Rahman I. Future therapeutic treatment of COPD: struggle between oxidants and cytokines. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007; 2:205-28. [PMID: 18229560 PMCID: PMC2695202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. Being a progressive disease characterized by inflammation and predominantly caused by tobacco smoking, it deteriorates pulmonary and skeletal muscle functioning, and reduces physical behavior, societal participation and quality of life. During the last two decades studies were focused on the airway and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway and/or parenchymal remodeling. Macrophages, neutrophils and T cells are thought to be important key players, as well as structural cells like fibroblasts, epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Mediators and proteins including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteinases, and oxidants seem to be involved differentially in its pathogenesis. Current pharmacological treatments are directed to reducing airway inflammation, boosting the endogenous levels of anti-oxidants and relieving airway contraction and sputum production. Most agents were primarily used for treating asthma. But in contrast to asthma, these treatments are not very effective in COPD. As a result, novel more specifically acting interventional drugs with less side effects are being developed to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, including COPD. This review highlights studies on novel or potential drug antioxidants such as dietary antioxidants supplementation, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, N-acystelyn, endosteine, antioxidant enzyme mimetics, and anti-inflammatory agents like antagonists of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, CXCL8, and CCL2, and inhibitors of signal transduction proteins including phosphodiesterase 4, MAPK p38, P1-3k, and NFkappaB.
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Szeto YT, Benzie IFF. Is the yin-yang nature of Chinese herbal medicine equivalent to antioxidation-oxidation? J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 108:361-6. [PMID: 16870371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that yin-yang theory described in traditional Chinese medicine is somewhat equivalent to the modern theory of antioxidant-oxidant balance. Some yin-tonic Chinese herbal medicines possess antioxidant properties. In this context, the DNA protective effect of 12 yin-tonic and 13 yang-tonic herbs were tested using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Lymphocytes from three healthy subjects were pre-incubated with aqueous herb extract, and the comet assay was performed on treated, untreated, challenged and unchallenged cells in parallel, oxidant challenge being induced by 5 min exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Results using this ex vivo cellular assay showed protection by some herbs. Seven out of 12 yin-tonic Chinese herbs demonstrated decreased DNA damage after treatment while 10 out of 13 yang-tonic herbs showed protection. Among 25 herbs tested, rhizome of Ligusticum sinensis Oliv. and aerial part of Artemisia annua L. demonstrated greatest DNA protective effect. Results indicated that the yin nature of herbs may not be necessarily associated with superior antioxidative effect to yang-tonic herbs, at least in terms of DNA protection against oxidant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yim-Tong Szeto
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Alameda Dr. Carlos D'Assumpção, No. 335-341 Edif. Centro Hotline, 5 Andar, Macao.
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Stohl EA, Seifert HS. Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA recombination and repair enzymes protect against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:7645-51. [PMID: 16936020 PMCID: PMC1636252 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00801-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The strict human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is exposed to oxidative damage during infection. N. gonorrhoeae has many defenses that have been demonstrated to counteract oxidative damage. However, recN is the only DNA repair and recombination gene upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by microarray analysis and subsequently shown to be important for oxidative damage protection. We therefore tested the importance of RecA and DNA recombination and repair enzymes in conferring resistance to H(2)O(2) damage. recA mutants, as well as RecBCD (recB, recC, and recD) and RecF-like pathway mutants (recJ, recO, and recQ), all showed decreased resistance to H(2)O(2). Holliday junction processing mutants (ruvA, ruvC, and recG) showed decreased resistance to H(2)O(2) resistance as well. Finally, we show that RecA protein levels did not increase as a result of H(2)O(2) treatment. We propose that RecA, recombinational DNA repair, and branch migration are all important for H(2)O(2) resistance in N. gonorrhoeae but that constitutive levels of these enzymes are sufficient for providing protection against oxidative damage by H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stohl
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chen YC, Chow JM, Lin CW, Wu CY, Shen SC. Baicalein inhibition of oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis via modulation of ERKs activation and induction of HO-1 gene expression in rat glioma cells C6. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 216:263-73. [PMID: 16814338 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the protective mechanism of baicalein (BE) and its glycoside, baicalin (BI), on hydrogen-peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cell death in rat glioma C6 cells. Results of the MTT assay, LDH release assay, and morphological observation showed that H(2)O(2) addition reduced the viability of C6 cells, and this was prevented by the addition of BE but not BI. Incubation of C6 cells with BE significantly decreased the intracellular peroxide level induced by H(2)O(2) according to flow cytometric analysis using DCHF-DA as a fluorescent substrate. Suppression of H(2)O(2)-induced apoptotic events including DNA ladders, hypodiploid cells, and activation of caspases 3, 8, and, 9 by BE but not BI was identified in C6 cells. The cytotoxicity and phosphorylation of ERK proteins induced by H(2)O(2) were blocked by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Catalase addition prevented H(2)O(2)-induced ROS production, ERKs protein phosphorylation, and cell death, and BE dose-dependently inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced ERK protein phosphorylation in C6 cells. These data suggest that ROS-scavenging activity is involved in BE prevention of H(2)O(2)-induced cell death via blocking ERKs activation. Additionally, BE but not BI induced heat shock protein 32 (HSP32; HO-1) protein expression in both time- and dose-dependent manners, but not heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), or heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) protein expression. In the absence of H(2)O(2), BE induces ERKs protein phosphorylation, and HO-1 protein expression induced by BE was blocked by the addition of cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and the ERK inhibitor PD98059. The addition of the HO inhibitor ZnPP inhibited the protective effect of BE against H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in C6 cells according to the MTT assay and apoptotic morphology under microscopic observation, accompanied by blocking the ROS-scavenging activity of BE in C6 cells. However, BE treatment was unable to protect C6 cells from C2-ceramide-induced cell death. These data indicate that BE possesses abilities to inhibit ROS-mediated cytotoxic effects through modulation of ERKs activation and induction of HO-1 protein expression. The role of HO-1 in ROS-scavenging activity of BE is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chiu PY, Ko KM. Schisandrin B-induced increase in cellular glutathione level and protection against oxidant injury are mediated by the enhancement of glutathione synthesis and regeneration in AML12 and H9c2 cells. Biofactors 2006; 26:221-30. [PMID: 17119269 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To define the relative role of reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and regeneration in schisandrin B (Sch B)-induced increase in cellular GSH level and the associated cytoprotection against oxidative challenge, the effects of L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrourea (BCNU, a specific inhibitor of glutathione reductase (GR)) treatments or their combined treatment were examined in control and Sch B-treated AML12 and H9c2 cells, without and/or with menadione intoxication. Both BSO and BCNU treatments reduced cellular GSH level in AML12 and H9c2 cells, with the effect of BSO being more prominent. The GSH-enhancing effect of Sch B was also suppressed by BSO and BCNU treatments, with the effect of the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU being semi-additive. While Sch B treatment increased the GR but not GCL activity in AML12 and H9c2 cells, it increased the cellular cysteine level. BSO treatment also suppressed the Sch B-induced increase in GR activity. BSO or BCNU treatment per se did not cause any detectable cytotoxic effect, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage, but the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU was cytotoxic, particularly in H9c2 cells. The cytotoxic effect of BSO and BCNU became more apparent following the menadione challenge. The cytoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment was partly suppressed by BSO or BCNU treatment, or completely abrogated by the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU. In conclusion, the results indicate that the cytoprotective action of Sch B is causally related to the increase in cellular GSH level, which is likely mediated by the enhancement of GSH synthesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Yee Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao T, Bokoch GM. Critical role of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 in reversion of the adhesion-mediated suppression of reactive oxygen species generation by human neutrophils. J Immunol 2005; 174:8049-55. [PMID: 15944312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils act as the first line of innate immune defense against invading microorganisms during infection and inflammation. The tightly regulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through activation of NADPH oxidase is a major weapon used by neutrophils and other phagocytic leukocytes to combat such pathogens. Cellular adhesion signals play important physiological roles in regulating the activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent ROS formation. We previously showed that the initial suppression of the oxidase response of chemoattractant-stimulated adherent neutrophils is mediated via inhibition of Vav1-induced activation of the NADPH oxidase regulatory GTPase Rac2 by adhesion signals. In this study we show that prior exposure of neutrophils to a number of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and platelet-activating factor, overcomes the adhesion-mediated suppression of ROS formation. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (pyk2) activity is enhanced under these conditions, correlating with the restoration of Vav1 and Rac2 activities. Both dominant negative pyk2 and a pyk2-selective inhibitor prevented restoration of ROS production induced by TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and platelet-activating factor, and this loss of pyk2 activity resulted in decreased Vav1 tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent Rac2 activation. Our studies identify pyk2 as a critical regulatory component and a molecular switch to overcome the suppression of leukocyte oxidant generation by cell adhesion. This activity constitutes a mechanism by which cytokines might lead to rapid elimination of invading pathogens by adherent neutrophils under normal conditions or enhance tissue damage in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieming Zhao
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Erlejman AG, Verstraeten SV, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. The interaction of flavonoids with membranes: potential determinant of flavonoid antioxidant effects. Free Radic Res 2005; 38:1311-20. [PMID: 15763955 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty six phenolic substances including representatives of the families, flavanones, flavanols and procyanidins, flavonols, isoflavones, phenolic acids and phenylpropanones were investigated for their effects on lipid oxidation, membrane fluidity and membrane integrity. The incubation of synthetic phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes in the presence of these phenolics caused the following effects: (a) flavanols, their related procyanidins and flavonols were the most active preventing 2,2'-azo-bis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN)-induced 2-thiobarituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formation, inducing lipid ordering at the water-lipid interface, and preventing Triton X-100-induced membrane disruption; (b) all the studied compounds inhibited lipid oxidation induced by the water-soluble oxidant 2,2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) (AAPH), and no family-related effects were observed. The protective effects of the studied phenolics on membranes were mainly associated to the hydrophilicity of the compounds, the degree of flavanol oligomerization, and the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The present results support the hypothesis that the chemical structure of phenolics conditions their interactions with membranes. The interactions of flavonoids with the polar head groups of phospholipids, at the lipid-water interface of membranes, should be considered among the factors that contribute to their antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Erlejman
- Department of Biological Chemistry-IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is an oxidized phospholipid present in micromolar concentrations in blood and inflamed tissues. The effects of LPC on neutrophil functions remain incompletely understood, because conflicting reports exist for its stimulatory and inhibitory roles. We report in this study that LPC inhibits superoxide generation in fMLP- and PMA-stimulated neutrophils without affecting fMLP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization and cell viability. This effect was observed with LPC dissolved in ethanol, but not with LPC stock solutions prepared in water or in BSA-containing aqueous solution with sonication. Under the same experimental conditions, platelet-activating factor primed neutrophils for superoxide generation. The inhibitory effect of LPC was observed within 30 s after its application and was maximal at LPC concentrations between 0.1 and 1 muM. Inhibition of superoxide generation was accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase in the intracellular cAMP concentration. In addition, LPC reduced fMLP-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and Akt and membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox). The protein kinase A inhibitors H-89 and adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate Rp-isomer (Rp-cAMP) partially restored superoxide production in LPC-treated neutrophils, indicating involvement of protein kinase A in LPC-mediated inhibition. Using an ex vivo mouse lung perfusion model that measures lung weight change and capillary filtration coefficient, we found that LPC prevented lung vascular injury mediated by fMLP-activated neutrophils. Taken together, these results suggest that LPC-induced elevation of intracellular cAMP is partially responsible for its inhibition of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation. A similar mechanism of inhibition may be used for the control of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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42
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Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and myricetin, and of different types of red wines (Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and blended wine) was evaluated by three assays. (a) NADH oxidation by peroxynitrite (ONOO-): the ONOO- scavenging activity was higher for myricetin (IC50=35 microM) than for (+)-catechin (IC50=275 microM) and (-)-epicatechin (IC50=313 microM). (b) Peroxynitrite initiated chemiluminescence in rat liver homogenate: (-)-epicatechin (IC50=7.0 microM) and (+)-catechin (IC50=13 microM) were more potent than myricetin (IC50=20 microM) in inhibiting the chemiluminescence signal. (c) Lucigenin chemiluminescence in aortic rings: (-)-epicatechin (IC50=15 microM) and (+)-catechin (IC50=18 microM) showed higher antioxidant capacity than myricetin (IC50=32 microM). All the assayed red wines were able to scavenge the oxidants and free radical species that generate the signal in each assay. Cabernet Sauvignon was the red wine with the highest antioxidant capacity in comparison with Malbec and blended wine. It is concluded that the use of sensitive biological systems (as the aortic ring chemiluminescence) provides important information in addition to the results from chemical (NADH oxidation by peroxynitrite) and biochemical (homogenate chemiluminescence) assays and offers advances in the physiological role of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Valdez
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bhosale P, Bernstein PS. Synergistic effects of zeaxanthin and its binding protein in the prevention of lipid membrane oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2005; 1740:116-21. [PMID: 15949677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that high levels of the macular xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin may be protective against visual loss due to age-related macular degeneration, but the actual mechanisms of their protective effects are still poorly understood. We have recently purified, identified and characterized a pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) as a zeaxanthin-binding protein in the macula of the human eye which specifically and saturably binds to the two forms of zeaxanthin endogenously found in the foveal region. In this report, we studied the synergistic antioxidant role of zeaxanthin and GSTP1 in egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) liposomes using hydrophilic 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and lipophilic 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) as lipid peroxyl radical generators. The two zeaxanthin diastereomers displayed synergistic antioxidant effects against both azo lipid peroxyl radical generators when bound to GSTP1. In the presence of GSTP1, nondietary (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin was observed to be a better antioxidant than dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin. This effect was found to be independent of the presence of glutathione. Carotenoid degradation profiles indicated that the zeaxanthin diastereomers in association with GSTP1 were more resistant to degradation which may account for the synergistic antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Bhosale
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Mergler S, Pleyer U, Reinach P, Bednarz J, Dannowski H, Engelmann K, Hartmann C, Yousif T. EGF suppresses hydrogen peroxide induced Ca2+ influx by inhibiting L-type channel activity in cultured human corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2005; 80:285-93. [PMID: 15670807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous generated hydrogen peroxide during eye bank storage limits viability. We determined in cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) whether: (1) this oxidant induces elevations in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i; (2) epidermal growth factor (EGF) medium supplementation has a protective effect against peroxide mediated rises in [Ca2+]i. Whereas pathophysiological concentrations of H2O2 (10 mM) induced irreversible large increases in [Ca2+]i, lower concentrations (up to 1 mM) had smaller effects, which were further reduced by exposure to either 5 microM nifedipine or EGF (10 ng ml(-1)). EGF had a larger protective effect against H2O2-induced rises in [Ca2+]i than nifedipine. In addition, icilin, the agonist for the temperature sensitive transient receptor potential protein, TRPM8, had complex dose-dependent effects (i.e. 10 and 50 microM) on [Ca2+]i. At 10 microM, it reversibly elevated [Ca2+]i whereas at 50 microM an opposite effect occurred suggesting complex effects of temperature on endothelial viability. Taken together, H2O2 induces rises in [Ca2+]i that occur through increases in Ca2+ permeation along plasma membrane pathways that include L-type Ca2+ channels as well as other EGF-sensitive pathways. As EGF overcomes H2O2-induced rises in [Ca2+]i, its presence during eye bank storage could improve the outcome of corneal transplant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mergler
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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45
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Franzoni F, Santoro G, Regoli F, Plantinga Y, Femia FR, Carpi A, Galetta F. An in vitro study of the peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the calcium antagonist amlodipine. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 58:423-6. [PMID: 15464869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amlodipine has been reported to improve endothelial function in patients with arterial hypertension and to significantly limit the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the total antioxidant activity of amlodipine. We measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of amlodipine as its ability to antagonize the oxidation of alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyric acid by both hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. The results are expressed as Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) units. Reduced glutathione, uric acid and trolox were used as the reference antioxidants. Amlodipine showed an efficiency as scavenger of peroxyl radicals (TOSC: 5945 +/- 544 units/mg) significantly higher (>50%, P <0.001) than that of GSH (2733 +/- 636 units/mg), and 70% lower (P < 0.0001) than the value obtained with uric acid (18144 +/- 696 units/mg) and trolox (17522 +/- 734 units/mg). Of interest, the scavenging capacity of amlodipine towards hydroxyl radicals (1455 +/- 154 units/mg) was 320% higher (P < 0.00001) than that of GSH (358 +/- 112 units/mg), 20% higher than that of uric acid (1198 +/- 121 units/mg), and 100% higher than that of trolox (759 +/- 143 units/mg). Amlodipine has intrinsic antioxidant activity with both anti-hydroxyl and anti-peroxyl radicals activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
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46
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Cross J, Templeton D. Oxidative stress inhibits MEKK1 by site-specific glutathionylation in the ATP-binding domain. Biochem J 2004; 381:675-83. [PMID: 15139849 PMCID: PMC1133876 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 05/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many intracellular signalling events are accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Oxidation of protein thiol groups is an emerging theme in signal-transduction research. We have found that MEKK1 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase kinase 1], an upstream activator of the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase) pathway, is directly inhibited by cysteine alkylation using NEM (N-ethylmaleimide). The related kinase, ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1), was not inhibited, but was instead activated by NEM. Inhibition of MEKK1 requires a single unique cysteine residue (Cys1238) in the ATP-binding domain of MEKK1. Oxidative stress induced by menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) also inhibited MEKK1, but activated ASK1, in cells. MEKK1 inhibition by menadione also required Cys1238. Oxidant-inhibited MEKK1 was re-activated by dithiothreitol and glutathione, supporting reversible cysteine oxidation as a mechanism. Using various chemical probes, we excluded modification by S-nitrosylation or oxidation of cysteine to sulphenic acid. Oxidant-inhibited MEKK1 migrated normally on non-reducing gels, excluding the possibility of intra- or inter-molecular disulphide bond formation. MEKK1 was inhibited by glutathionylation in vitro, and MEKK1 isolated from menadione-treated cells was shown by MS to be modified by glutathione on Cys1238. Our results support a model whereby the redox environment within the cell selectively regulates stress signalling through MEKK1 versus ASK1, and may thereby participate in the induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet V. Cross
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical School, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0214, U.S.A
| | - Dennis J. Templeton
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical School, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0214, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail )
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Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are prone to lipid peroxidation by virtue of their function as oxygen carriers, and also because of their lipid composition. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content using thiobarbituric reagent is widely used to quantify lipid peroxidation. In this study we compare MDA assay with a newly developed assay that evaluates the uptake of sucrose and phenol red into RBCs under peroxidative stress. Both sucrose and phenol red uptake show significantly higher correlation with incubation time compared with MDA assay. Furthermore, phenol red uptake into RBCs on treatment with H(2)O(2) has a direct linear proportional relationship, whereas it is hyperbolic with MDA. The assay also clearly shows that uptake of sucrose or phenol red is specific for intact cells (RBCs) prior to hemolysis. Assay validation is carried out by using known lipid peroxidation-causing agents, such as ferrous ions, and also by using peroxidation inhibitors such as alpha-tocopherol. This new method can be applied efficiently to evaluate lipid peroxidation in RBCs as well as other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sawas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA.
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Kindzelskii AL, Ueki T, Michibata H, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Petty HR. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase form a supramolecular complex in human neutrophils that undergoes retrograde trafficking during pregnancy. J Immunol 2004; 172:6373-81. [PMID: 15128828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils from pregnant women display reduced neutrophil-mediated effector functions, such as reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) release. Because the NADPH oxidase and NO synthase produce ROMs and NO, the availability of their substrate NADPH is a potential regulatory factor. NADPH is produced by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDase) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDase), which are the first two steps of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS). Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that 6-PGDase, like G-6-PDase, undergoes retrograde transport to the microtubule-organizing centers in neutrophils from pregnant women. In contrast, 6-PGDase is found in an anterograde distribution in cells from nonpregnant women. However, lactate dehydrogenase distribution is unaffected by pregnancy. Cytochemical studies demonstrated that the distribution of 6-PGDase enzymatic activity is coincident with 6-PGDase Ag. The accumulation of 6-PGDase at the microtubule-organizing centers could be blocked by colchicine, suggesting that microtubules are important in this enzyme's intracellular distribution. In situ kinetic studies reveal that the rates of 6-gluconate turnover are indistinguishable in samples from nonpregnant and pregnant women, suggesting that the enzyme is functionally intact. Resonance energy transfer experiments showed that 6-PGDase and G-6-PDase are in close physical proximity within cells, suggesting the presence of supramolecular enzyme complexes. We suggest that the retrograde trafficking of HMS enzyme complexes during pregnancy influences the dynamics of NADPH production by separating HMS enzymes from glucose-6-phosphate generation at the plasma membrane and, in parallel, reducing ROM and NO production in comparison with fully activated neutrophils from nonpregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kindzelskii
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Weinberg A, Nylander KD, Yan C, Ma L, Hsia CJC, Tyurin VA, Kagan VE, Schor NF. Prevention of catecholaminergic oxidative toxicity by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and its recycling complex with polynitroxylated albumin, TEMPOL/PNA. Brain Res 2004; 1012:13-21. [PMID: 15158156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from dopamine and its oxidation products have been implicated in the pathogenesis and toxicity from treatment of Parkinson's disease-associated autonomic neuropathy, and antioxidant therapies have been proposed as treatment and prophylaxis for this disorder. However, many antioxidants are rapidly and, under physiological conditions, irreversibly oxidized, rendering them redox-inactive. We have examined the potential of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and polynitroxylated albumin (TEMPOL/PNA), an antioxidant complex that facilitates recycling of inactivated antioxidant to its redox-active form, as a protective agent against the toxicity of the catecholaminergic ROS generator, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). TEMPOL/PNA is more effective against depression of activity level by 6-OHDA than the non-recycling antioxidant, TEMPOL, in a murine model of catecholaminergic oxidative damage. TEMPOL/PNA is also less toxic than TEMPOL in mice, allowing administration of higher doses of antioxidant. Both TEMPOL and TEMPOL/PNA give rise to prevention of apoptosis and to translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of PC12 cells treated with 6-OHDA, but in vivo, TEMPOL/PNA maintains redox-active blood levels of TEMPOL for almost 5 h, whereas administration of TEMPOL alone results in clearance of blood redox activity within 1 h. PNA enhances the therapeutic index of TEMPOL, and the recycling antioxidant that results from their adjunctive administration may prove useful in disorders involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Weinberg
- Pediatric Center for Neuroscience, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Upadhyay D, Bundesmann M, Panduri V, Correa-Meyer E, Kamp DW. Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 Attenuates H2O2-Induced Alveolar Epithelial Cell DNA Damage. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31:107-13. [PMID: 14975937 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), an alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) mitogen that is critical for lung development, may promote AEC repair. We determined whether FGF-10 attenuates H2O2-induced, A549 and rat alveolar type II cell DNA damage. We show that FGF-10 prevents H2O2-induced DNA damage assessed by an alkaline elution, ethidium bromide fluorescence as well as by a comet assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors abolished the protective effect of FGF-10 against H2O2-induced DNA damage yet had no effect on H2O2-induced DNA damage. A Grb2-SOS inhibitor (SH3 binding peptide), an Ras inhibitor (farnesyl transferase inhibitor 277), and an Raf-1 inhibitor (forskolin) each prevented FGF-10- and H2O2-induced A549 cell ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Also, FGF-10 and H2O2 each induced negligible ERK1/2 phosphorylation in Ras dominant-negative (N17) cells. Inhibitors of Ras and Raf-1 blocked the protective effect of FGF-10 against H2O2-induced DNA damage but had no effect on H2O2-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, cold conditions and aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon, each blocked the protective effects of FGF-10, suggesting a role for DNA repair. We conclude that FGF-10 attenuates H2O2-induced AEC DNA damage by mechanisms that involve activation of Grb2-SOS/Ras/RAF-1/ERK1/2 pathway and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Upadhyay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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