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Dong QQ, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang KD, Xu XL, Chen W. Exploring β-glucan as a micro-nano system for oral delivery targeted the colon. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127360. [PMID: 37827417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of oral colon-specific delivery systems (OCDDS) is important for delivering active agents to the colon and rectum specifically via the oral route. The use of micro/nanostructured OCDDS further improves drug stability, bioavailability, and retention time, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. However, designing micro/nanoscale OCDDSs is challenging due to pH changes, enzymatic degradation, and systemic absorption and metabolism. Biodegradable natural polysaccharides are a promising solution to these problems, and β-glucan is one of the most promising natural polysaccharides due to its unique structural features, conformational flexibility, and specific processing properties. This review covers the diverse chemical structures of β-glucan, its benefits (biocompatibility, easy modification, and colon-specific degradation), and various β-glucan-based micro/nanosized OCDDSs, as well as their drawbacks. The potential of β-glucan offers exciting new opportunities for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Dong
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Da Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Pérez-Bassart Z, Bäuerl C, Fabra MJ, Martínez-Abad A, Collado MC, López-Rubio A. Composition, structural properties and immunomodulatory activity of several aqueous Pleurotus β-glucan-rich extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127255. [PMID: 37827398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, aqueous extracts from six different Pleurotus species were obtained and their yield, gross composition, β-glucan content, monosaccharide profile, thermal stability, molecular weight distribution, and FT-IR were analyzed before and after purification through ethanol precipitation of the carbohydrate-rich fractions. The bioactivity (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity) of the various fractions obtained was also analyzed in three different cell cultures and compared with a lentinan control. The trend observed after purification of the aqueous fractions was an increase in the concentration of polysaccharides (especially β-glucans), a decrease in ash, glucosamine and protein content and the elimination of low molecular weight (Mw) compounds, thus leaving in the purified samples high Mw populations with increased thermal stability. Interestingly, all these purified fractions displayed immunomodulatory capacity when tested in THP-1 macrophages and most of them also showed significant activity in HEK-hTLR4 cells, highlighting the bioactivity observed for Pleurotus ostreatus (both the extracts obtained from the whole mushroom and from the stipes). This specific species was richer in heteropolysaccharides, having moderate β-glucan content and being enriched upon purification in a high Mw fraction with good thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Pérez-Bassart
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Fabra
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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53
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Zhu Z, He L, Bai Y, Xia L, Sun X, Qi C. Yeast β-glucan modulates macrophages and improves antitumor NK-cell responses in cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:50-60. [PMID: 37455659 PMCID: PMC10711352 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest proportion of myeloid immune cells in tumors, macrophages play an important role in tumor growth and regression according to their different phenotypes, thus reprogramming macrophages has become a new research direction for cancer immunotherapy. Yeast-derived whole β-glucan particles (WGPs) can induce M0 macrophages to differentiate into M1 macrophages and convert M2 macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1 macrophages. In vitro, studies have confirmed that WGP-treated macrophages increase the activating receptors in natural killer cells (NK cells) and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway is involved in WGP-mediated regulation of the macrophage phenotype. Further in vivo studies show that oral WGP can significantly delay tumor growth, which is related to the increased proportion of macrophages and NK cells, the macrophage phenotype reversal, and the enhancement of NK cell immune function. NK-cell depletion reduces the therapeutic efficacy of WGP in tumor-bearing mice. These findings revealed that in addition to T cells, NK cells also participate in the antitumor process of WGP. It was confirmed that WGP regulates the macrophage phenotype to regulate NK-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liuyang He
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Elgendy DI, Othman AA, Eid MM, El-Kowrany SI, Sallam FA, Mohamed DA, Zineldeen DH. The impact of β-glucan on the therapeutic outcome of experimental Trichinella spiralis infection. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2807-2818. [PMID: 37737322 PMCID: PMC10667415 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis that is caused mainly by Trichinella spiralis infection. The human disease ranges from mild to severe and fatality may occur. The treatment of trichinellosis still presents a challenge for physicians. Anti-inflammatory drugs are usually added to antiparasitic agents to alleviate untoward immuno-inflammatory responses and possible tissue damage but they are not without adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for the discovery of safe and effective compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of β-glucan during enteral and muscular phases of experimental T. spiralis infection as well as its therapeutic potential as an adjuvant to albendazole in treating trichinellosis. For this aim, mice were infected with T. spiralis and divided into the following groups: early and late β-glucan treatment, albendazole treatment, and combined treatment groups. Infected mice were subjected to assessment of parasite burden, immunological markers, and histopathological changes in the small intestines and muscles. Immunohistochemical evaluation of NF-κB expression in small intestinal and muscle tissues was carried out in order to investigate the mechanism of action of β-glucan. Interestingly, β-glucan potentiated the efficacy of albendazole as noted by the significant reduction of counts of muscle larvae. The inflammatory responses in the small intestine and skeletal muscles were mitigated with some characteristic qualitative changes. β-glucan also increased the expression of NF-κB in tissues which may account for some of its effects. In conclusion, β-glucan showed a multifaceted beneficial impact on the therapeutic outcome of Trichinella infection and can be regarded as a promising adjuvant in the treatment of trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A Othman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Eid
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samy I El-Kowrany
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fersan A Sallam
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dareen A Mohamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Zineldeen
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, 51942, Albukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
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55
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Saetang N, Ramaraj R, Praphruet R, Unpaprom Y. Unlocking the benefits of split gill mushroom: Chemical analysis and prebiotic properties of schizophyllan extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126544. [PMID: 37634777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The edible split gill mushroom is considered both a nutritive and therapeutic superfood, as well as rich in schizophyllan and protein. Prebiotic properties and other biological effects distinguish the schizophyllan (β-glucan). Thus, this research investigates the identity of the mushroom strain, the nutritional composition of this mushroom, and the schizophyllan extract for further analysis, including its prebiotic activity and so on. The experimental results revealed that this mushroom was identified as Schizophyllum commune, comprising more excellent carbohydrates, protein, crude fiber, lower fat, and no heavy metal detection. Moreover, this extract consisted of pharmaceutical hydrophobin (14.0-18.5 kDa), lectin protein (21-35 kDa), bioactive purpurin or red pigment, including the prebiotic β-glucan stimulating the proliferation of probiotic bacteria isolated from yogurt. Therefore, both S. commune and the schizophyllan extract can be used as a prebiotic candidate, functional food, and nutraceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Saetang
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Rameshprabu Ramaraj
- Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; APEC Research Center for Advanced Biohydrogen Technology (ACABT), Thailand Chiang Mai Branch Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Ruenkaew Praphruet
- Institute of Product Quality and Standardization, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Yuwalee Unpaprom
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; APEC Research Center for Advanced Biohydrogen Technology (ACABT), Thailand Chiang Mai Branch Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
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Duan X, Ding J, Qi C. [Research progress of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (dectin-1) in anti-tumor immunology]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:1039-1043. [PMID: 37980556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin 1 (dectin-1) receptor is the main pattern recognition receptor for β-glucan on the fungal cell wall. Dectin-1 is extensively expressed in myeloid cells including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and neutrophils. After binding with endogenous and exogenous ligands, dectin-1 can induce intracellular signal transduction and trigger a series of cellular immune responses, and participate in anti-infection and anti-tumor processes. The interaction between dectin-1 and its different ligands triggers different signal activation pathways and cell functions. The recognition of dectin-1 with β-glucan promotes the maturation of DCs and its ability to present antigen to T cells, which induces the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and activates the specific immune response in vivo, thus playing an anti-tumor role. The article summarizes the structure and signaling pathway of the dectin-1 molecule and its research progress in anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Duan
- Oncology Institute, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Oncology Institute, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Oncology Institute, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China.*Corresponding author, E-mail:
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57
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Guluarte C, Pereyra A, Ramírez-Hernández E, Zenteno E, Luis Sánchez-Salgado J. The immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of β-glucans in invertebrates. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108022. [PMID: 37984608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans (βGs) are carbohydrate polymers linked by β-1,3, 1,4 or 1,6 bonds, they have been used to protect against potential pathogens and prevent lethal diseases. The immune system possesses several receptors that identify a wide range of structures and trigger cellular and humoral mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which βGs activate the immune system of invertebrate organisms have not been fully clarified. This review is focused on evaluating the effect of βGs on innate immune system in invertebrates. βGs stimulate different cellular and humoral mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, oxygen species production, extracellular trap formation, proPO system, and antimicrobial peptide synthesis, moreover, βGs increase survival rate and decrease pathogen load in several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Guluarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ramírez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico.
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de Assis Beneti SA, Dos Reis IC, Fierro-Castro C, Moromizato BS, do Valle Polycarpo G, Miasaki CT, Biller JD. Stress-associated β -glucan administration stimulates the TLR - MYD88 - NFKB1 signaling pathway in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 142:109089. [PMID: 37722438 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the administration of β-glucan can effectively activate several defense mechanisms, such as the Tlr-Myd88-Nfkb1 pathway that induces the expression of immune cytokines. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether β-glucan acts on the mechanisms of gene transcription via the Tlr-Myd88-Nfkb1 pathway in Nile tilapia under stress after challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of immune system genes such as toll-like receptors 1 (tlr1), toll-like receptors 2 (tlr2), primary myeloid differentiation response gene (myd88) and nuclear factor kappa B1 (nfkb1). A total of 408 fish were distributed in 24 polyethylene boxes and randomly divided into eight groups with 3 replications each: C15: Tilapias received a control diet (free of β-glucan) for 15 days and were sampled after the 15th day of the experiment; C15D: Tilapias received a control diet (free of β-glucan) for 15 days, were challenged on the 14th day and were sampled at the 15th day of the experiment; β15: Tilapias received experimental diet (1g kg-1 of β-glucan) for 15 days and were sampled after 15 days; β15D: Tilapias received an experimental diet (1g kg-1 of β-glucan) for 15 days, were challenged on the 14th day and were sampled at the 15th day of the experiment; C30: Tilapias received a control diet (free of β-glucan) for 30 days and were sampled on the 30th day of the experiment; C30D: Tilapias received a control diet (free of β-glucan) for 30 days, were challenged on the 29th day and were sampled at the 30th day of the experiment; β30: Tilapias received experimental diet (1g kg-1 of β-glucan) for 30 days and were sampled after 30 days and β30D: Tilapias received experimental diet (1g kg-1 of β-glucan) for 30 days, were challenged on the 29th day and were sampled at 30 of the experiment. In the fish sampled at 15 and 30 days of the experiment, after being anesthetized and killed by brain section, cranial kidney and spleen were collected for gene expression analysis. The analyzes showed that the association of β-glucan and stressful management modulated the immune system, using the Tlr-Myd88-Nfkb1 signaling pathway, indicating that this compound can be used to promote early defense and protect fish against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Andrea de Assis Beneti
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Camargo Dos Reis
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n- Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Departamento de Molecular Biologia y Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universitat of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Basia Schlichting Moromizato
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Tadao Miasaki
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod. Cmte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
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McFarlin BK, Bridgeman EA, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Dry blood spot samples to monitor immune-associated mRNA expression in intervention studies: Impact of Baker's yeast beta glucan. Methods 2023; 219:39-47. [PMID: 37741562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring immunological response to physical stressors in a field setting is challenging because existing methods require a laboratory visit and traditional blood collection via venipuncture. The purpose of this study was to determine if our optimized dry blood spot (DBS) methodology yields sufficient total RNA to quantify the effect of Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan supplementation (BYBG; Wellmune; 250 mg/d) on post-exercise mRNA expression. Participants had venous DBS samples collected prior to (PRE), and immediately (POST), 2 (2H), and 4 (4H) hrs after completion of a 90 min run/walk trial in a hot, humid environment. Total RNA extracted from DBS was analyzed using a 574-plex Human Immunology mRNA panel (Nanostring). BYBG supplementation was associated with the increased expression of 12 mRNAs (LTB4R, PML, PRFM1, TNFRSF14, LCK, MYD88, STAT3, CCR1, TNFSF10, LILRB3, MME, and STAT6) and decreased expression of 4 mRNAs (MAP4K1, IKBKG, CD5, and IL4R) across all post-exercise time points. In addition to individually changed mRNA targets, we found eleven immune-response pathways that were significantly enriched by BYBG following exercise (TNF Family signaling, immunometabolism, oxidative stress, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, Treg differentiation, autophagy, chemokine signaling, complement system, Th2 differentiation, cytokine signaling, and innate immune). The present approach showed that DBS samples can be used to yield useful information about mRNA biomarkers in an intervention study. We have found that BYBG supplementation induces changes at the mRNA level that support the immune system and reduce susceptibility to opportunistic infection (i.e., upper respiratory tract infection) and facilitate improved physical recovery from exercise. Future studies may look to use DBS sampling for testing other nutritional, health, or medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of KHPR (Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation), United States; University of North Texas, Dept. of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Bridgeman
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of KHPR (Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation), United States; University of North Texas, Dept. of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of KHPR (Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation), United States; University of North Texas, Dept. of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - David W Hill
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, Dept. of KHPR (Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation), United States
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60
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Fu H, Qi M, Yang Q, Li M, Yao G, Bu W, Zheng T, Pi X. Effects of dietary chito-oligosaccharide and β-glucan on the water quality and gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, immune response, and meat quality of Chinese soft-shell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266997. [PMID: 38022669 PMCID: PMC10643201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COS) and β-glucan are gradually being applied in aquaculture as antioxidants and immunomodulators. However, this study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of COS and β-glucan on the water quality, gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, non-specific immunity, and meat quality of Chinese soft-shell turtle. To investigate the possible mechanisms, 3-year-old turtles were fed basal diet (CK group) and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% COS or β-glucan supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Colon, liver, blood and muscle tissues, colon contents, water and sediment of paddy field samples were collected and analyzed after feeding 2 and 4 weeks. The results indicated that COS and β-glucan altered microbial community composition and diversity in Chinese soft-shell turtles. The relative abundance of Cellulosilyticum, Helicobacter and Solibacillus were increased after feeding COS, while Romboutsia, Akkermansia and Paraclostridium were increased after feeding β-glucan, whereas Cetobacterium, Vibrio and Edwardsiella were enriched in the control group. Furthermore, colon morphology analysis revealed that COS and β-glucan improved the length and number of intestinal villi, and the effect of 0.5% β-glucan was more obvious. Both β-glucan and COS significantly improved liver and serum lysozyme activity and antibacterial capacity. COS significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity in the liver. Further, 0.1% β-glucan significantly increased the activity of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, which closely related to the bacteria involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, dietary supplementation with 1% COS and 1% β-glucan significantly enhanced the content of total amino acids, especially umami amino acids, in muscle tissue, with β-glucan exerting a stronger effect than COS. Additionally, these two prebiotics promoted the quality of culture water in paddy fields and reshaped the bacterial community composition of aquaculture environment. All these phenotypic changes were closely associated with the gut microbes regulated by these two prebiotics. In summary, the findings suggest that dietary supplementation with COS and β-glucan in Pelodiscus sinensis could modulate the gut microbiota, improve intestinal morphology, enhance non-specific immunity and antioxidant capacity of liver and serum, increase meat quality, and improve the culture water environment. This study provides new insights and a comprehensive understanding of the positive effects of COS and β-glucan on Pelodiscus sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingman Yang
- Shaoxing Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Jinhua Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Jinhua, China
| | - Gaohua Yao
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weishao Bu
- Qingjiang Professional Cooperative for Ecological Farming Turtles, Lishui, China
| | - Tianlun Zheng
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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61
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Ko H, Peng H, Cheng AN, Chou HE, Hou H, Kuo W, Liu W, Kuo MY, Lee AY, Cheng S. Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD-L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β-glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3857-3872. [PMID: 37525561 PMCID: PMC10551585 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) are frequently upregulated in cancer patients. This study aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that arecoline could induce the secretion of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and attenuate T-cell immunity by upregulated Treg cell numbers. However, the immunosuppression could be reversed by whole glucan particle (WGP) β-glucan in oral squamous cell (OSCC) patients. Arecoline-induced reactive oxygen specimen (ROS) production and cytosolic mtDNA D-loop were analyzed in OSCC cell lines. mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, IFN-γ, and Treg cells were also identified for the surgical specimens and sera of 60 OSCC patients. We demonstrated that higher mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, and Treg cell numbers were significantly correlated with larger tumor size, nodal metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and areca quid chewing. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that higher mtDNA D-loop levels and Treg cell numbers were unfavorable independent factors for survival. Arecoline significantly induced cytosolic mtDNA D-loop leakage and PD-L1 expression, which were packaged by EVs to promote immunosuppressive Treg cell numbers. However, WGP β-glucan could elevate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers, mitigate Treg cell numbers, and promote oral cancer cell apoptosis. To sum up, arecoline induces EV production carrying mtDNA D-loop and PD-L1, and in turn elicits immune suppression. However, WGP β-glucan potentially enhances dual effects on T-cell immunity and cell apoptosis and we highly recommend its integration with targeted and immune therapies against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Hsin Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Hui Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | | | - Han‐Yi Elizabeth Chou
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Han Hou
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Kuo
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Wen Liu
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mark Yen‐Ping Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Alan Yueh‐Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer ResearchNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life ScienceKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of DentistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Zhang J, Zheng M, Zhou L, Li X, Yu Y, Wang J, Sun B. Oat β-glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:6252-6262. [PMID: 37160715 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dangerous inducers of muscle atrophy are inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cachexia, etc. β-Glucan, an important food derived active ingredient, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects, however, its effects on regulating myoblast differentiation and protein degradation are unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of oat β-glucan on alleviating muscle atrophy. RESULTS The results showed that oat β-glucan treatment reversed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced abnormal myoblast differentiation and reduced muscle atrophy related MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 protein expression. The similar phenomenon was observed after using MCC950 (NLRP3 specific inhibitor) or AS1842856 (FoxO1 specific inhibitor) to suppress NLRP3 and FoxO1 expression, respectively. Exposure to β-glucan or AS1842856 also inhibited TNF-α induced the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by inactivating FoxO1, and subsequently suppressed the expression of NLRP3. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that oat β-glucan exerts essential roles in promoting myoblast differentiation and alleviating muscle atrophy via inactivating FoxO1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjun Zheng
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyue Zhou
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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63
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Do HJ, Kim YS, Oh TW. Effect of Polycan, a β-Glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, on Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Barrier Function in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14773. [PMID: 37834221 PMCID: PMC10572787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with unclear etiology and pathophysiology. Herein, we determined the effects of extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 (Polycan) on tight junction protein expression, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model. Fifty mice were divided into normal, DSS, DSS + Polycan 250 mg/kg (Polycan 250), DSS + Polycan 500 mg/kg (Polycan 500), and DSS + 5-aminosalicylic acid 100 mg/kg (5-ASA) groups. Their body weights, colon lengths, histological changes in colon tissue, and tight junction function were observed. Results showed that Polycan 250, Polycan 500, and 5-ASA significantly inhibited body weight loss compared with DSS. Similar to 5-ASA, Polycan 500 exhibited preventive effects on colon length shortening and histological changes in colon tissues. Polycan inhibited the DSS-induced decrease in fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, Polycan significantly recovered serum cytokine (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) or mRNA expression in colon tissue compared with DSS. Polycan also inhibited apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 activity and the Bcl-2 associated X/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio. Additionally, DSS treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance and diversity, but the administration of Polycan reversed this effect. Collectively, Polycan protected intestinal barrier function and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Do
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Glucan Co., Ltd., 25-15, Worasan-ro 950 beon-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si 52840, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon 34054, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
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64
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Anaya EU, Amin AE, Wester MJ, Danielson ME, Michel KS, Neumann AK. Dectin-1 multimerization and signaling depends on fungal β-glucan structure and exposure. Biophys J 2023; 122:3749-3767. [PMID: 37515324 PMCID: PMC10541497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1A is a C-type lectin innate immunoreceptor that recognizes β-(1,3;1,6)-glucan, a structural component of Candida species cell walls. β-Glucans can adopt solution structures ranging from random coil to insoluble fiber due to tertiary (helical) and quaternary structure. Fungal β-glucans of medium and high molecular weight are highly structured, but low molecular weight glucan is much less structured. Despite similar affinity for Dectin-1, the ability of glucans to induce Dectin-1A-mediated signaling correlates with degree of structure. Glucan denaturation experiments showed that glucan structure determines agonistic potential, but not receptor binding affinity. We explored the impact of glucan structure on molecular aggregation of Dectin-1A. Stimulation with glucan signaling decreased Dectin-1A diffusion coefficient. Fluorescence measurements provided direct evidence of ligation-induced Dectin-1A aggregation, which positively correlated with increasing glucan structure content. In contrast, Dectin-1A is predominantly in a low aggregation state in resting cells. Molecular aggregates formed during interaction with highly structured, agonistic glucans did not exceed relatively small (<15 nm) clusters of a few engaged receptors. Finally, we observed increased molecular aggregation of Dectin-1A at fungal particle contact sites in a manner that positively correlated with the degree of exposed glucan on the particle surface. These results indicate that Dectin-1A senses the solution conformation of β-glucans through their varying ability to drive receptor dimer/oligomer formation and activation of membrane proximal signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo U Anaya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Akram Etemadi Amin
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael J Wester
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | - Aaron K Neumann
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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65
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Zhang Y, Li J, Xie J, Xue B, Li X, Gan J, Sun T. The Impact of Food Processing on the Structure and Hypoglycemic Effect of Oat β-glucan. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:506-511. [PMID: 37624567 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The impact of food processing including baking, steaming and bread making, on the structure and hypoglycemic effect of oat β-glucan was studied. The structural analysis revealed the β-D-glucopyranosyl units of β-glucan was unchanged in aforementioned processing. The baking processing endowed β-glucan with increased molecular weight (Mw) and viscosity, which enhanced the capacity of β-glucan to delay starch digestion in vitro, such as the rapidly-digestible starch content decreased, the slowly-digestible and resistant starch content increased, and the glycemic index (GI) value decreased. Meanwhile, the inhibitory activity of β-glucan against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was enhanced by baking processing. By contrast, during steaming and bread making processing, β-glucan showed decreased Mw and viscosity, which accelerated starch digestion in vitro and reduced the inhibitory activity of β-glucan against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Apart from that, baking processing promoted the physiological and antioxidant properties of β-glucan, but the properties decreased during steaming and bread making processing. The results suggest that oat raw materials can be treated with dry heat and high temperature, avoiding moist heat and fermentation treatments to maximize the hypoglycemic effect of β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinran Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bin Xue
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhong Gan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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66
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Wu Z, Yang Y, Li J, Bossier P, Wei X, Guo Z, Han B, Ye J. β-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243358. [PMID: 37675105 PMCID: PMC10477985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a group of heterogeneous glucose polymers that possess immunomodulatory activities. The complex nature of their structures, uncertainty regarding the doses, and variable immune effects pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two β-Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses. Our results demonstrate that Paramylon elicits more robust immune responses than Laminarin, albeit with a dose-limiting effect. We also observed that the high-dose Paramylon induces apoptosis, whereas no such effect was detected in Laminarin treatment. Mechanistically, high-dose Paramylon activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with significantly up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes and impaired mitochondrial function. On the other hand, Laminarin triggers metabolic reprogramming in MФ, resulting in the enrichment of the metabolite α-Ketoglutarate, which protects the MФ from apoptosis. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of identifying the optimal dose range for β-Glucans, based on sources or structures, to achieve maximal immunomodulatory effects. These results have important implications for the design and optimization of β-Glucans-based drugs or adjuvants in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Xiayi Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Park YH, Kim TC, Lee S, Lee S, Van Kaer L, Hong S. In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5779. [PMID: 37570749 PMCID: PMC10421142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucan (β-glucan) is a natural polysaccharide produced by fungi, bacteria, and plants. Although it has been reported that β-glucan enhances innate immune memory responses, it is unclear whether different types of β-glucans display similar immune effects. To address this issue, we employed zymosan (β-1,3-glycosidic linkage) and pustulan (β-1,6-glycosidic linkage) to investigate their in vivo effects on innate memory immune responses. We examined the changes of innate memory-related markers in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, two immune cell types that display innate memory characteristics, at two different time points (16 h and 7 days) after β-glucan stimulation. We found that short-term (16 h) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate IL15 production and increased surface IL15Rα expression on NK cells. In addition, long-term (7 days) zymosan treatment significantly induced macrophages to upregulate the expression of innate memory-related markers (e.g., TNFα, HIF1α, and mTOR) and induced NK cells to express enhanced levels of KLRG1, known as an innate memory-like marker. Our results provide support that zymosan can be an effective adjuvant to promote innate memory immune responses, providing a bridge between innate and adaptive immune cells to enhance various immune responses such as those directed against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun Hoo Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Tae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Seyeong Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (H.J.P.); (Y.H.P.); (T.-C.K.); (S.L.); (S.L.)
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Al-Khuzaay H, Al-Juraisy Y, Alwan A. PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF A NOVEL GLUCAN FROM PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. FRUITS. Georgian Med News 2023:71-75. [PMID: 37805877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, β- glucan was extracted by the hot water extraction method followed by ethanol precipitation and purified using ion and gel filtration chromatography, then evaluate the anticancer effects of β- glucan that purified from Phoenix dactylifera on cancer cell line. Ahmed Nahi Glioblastoma Multiform (ANGM) cancer cell line was used in the in vitro study. Cell line exposure times were calculated after 24, 48, and 72 hours in a micro titration plate under absolutely sterile conditions. High molecular weight β-glucans can be obtained using the hot water extraction method without having to use strong agents to change their structure, like alkalis or acids. Anti-cancer property of β-glucan derived from Phoenix dactylifera fruits on cancer cell lines has been reported. In this work, the ANGM cell line was treated with different concentrations of β-glucan (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL). and the inhibition of the cells was investigated using the MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The result obtained showed time and concentration dependent cytotoxic effect, and the higher concentrations at 48 hrs of exposure gave significantly (p<0.05) higher cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Khuzaay
- 1Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Y Al-Juraisy
- 1Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A Alwan
- 2Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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69
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Li F, Sun J. Differentiation Kinetics of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells In Vivo Are Not Affected by β-Glucan Treatment in Trained Immunity. Inflammation 2023; 46:718-729. [PMID: 36414879 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agonists of trained immunity induce epigenetic changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to generate long-lasting immune protection. Although trained HSPCs generate myeloid cells with increased responsiveness to secondary challenges, whether their differentiation kinetics is affected by prior exposure to inducers of trained immunity remains elusive. Here, we used lineage tracing to examine the cell fates of endothelial protein C receptor-positive hematopoietic stem cells (EPCR+ HSCs) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-positive multipotent progenitor cells (Flt3+ MPPs) in β-glucan-induced trained immunity. We found that although β-glucan triggered the expected expansion of myeloid progenitors, the differentiation behaviors of EPCR+ HSCs and Flt3+ MPPs in multiple cycles of hematopoietic regeneration were hardly affected. Thus, our results rule out changed kinetics in cell differentiation by EPCR+ HSC and Flt3+ MPP as the cause of enhanced myelopoiesis upon secondary immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Woeste MR, Shrestha R, Geller AE, Li S, Montoya-Durango D, Ding C, Hu X, Li H, Puckett A, Mitchell RA, Hayat T, Tan M, Li Y, McMasters KM, Martin RCG, Yan J. Irreversible electroporation augments β-glucan induced trained innate immunity for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006221. [PMID: 37072351 PMCID: PMC10124260 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging diagnosis that is yet to benefit from the advancements in immuno-oncologic treatments. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a non-thermal method of tumor ablation, is used in treatment of select patients with locally-advanced unresectable PC and has potentiated the effect of certain immunotherapies. Yeast-derived particulate β-glucan induces trained innate immunity and successfully reduces murine PC tumor burden. This study tests the hypothesis that IRE may augment β-glucan induced trained immunity in the treatment of PC. METHODS β-Glucan-trained pancreatic myeloid cells were evaluated ex vivo for trained responses and antitumor function after exposure to ablated and unablated tumor-conditioned media. β-Glucan and IRE combination therapy was tested in an orthotopic murine PC model in wild-type and Rag-/- mice. Tumor immune phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Effect of oral β-glucan in the murine pancreas was evaluated and used in combination with IRE to treat PC. The peripheral blood of patients with PC taking oral β-glucan after IRE was evaluated by mass cytometry. RESULTS IRE-ablated tumor cells elicited a potent trained response ex vivo and augmented antitumor functionality. In vivo, β-glucan in combination with IRE reduced local and distant tumor burden prolonging survival in a murine orthotopic PC model. This combination augmented immune cell infiltration to the PC tumor microenvironment and potentiated the trained response from tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. The antitumor effect of this dual therapy occurred independent of the adaptive immune response. Further, orally administered β-glucan was identified as an alternative route to induce trained immunity in the murine pancreas and prolonged PC survival in combination with IRE. β-Glucan in vitro treatment also induced trained immunity in peripheral blood monocytes obtained from patients with treatment-naïve PC. Finally, orally administered β-glucan was found to significantly alter the innate cell landscape within the peripheral blood of five patients with stage III locally-advanced PC who had undergone IRE. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a relevant and novel application of trained immunity within the setting of surgical ablation that may stand to benefit patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Woeste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Diego Montoya-Durango
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aaron Puckett
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Traci Hayat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert C G Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Liu Y, Li P, Pan W, Zhao J, Olnood CG, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Salecan confers anti-inflammatory effects in liver injury via regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120418. [PMID: 36604080 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salecan, a natural β-glucan and one of the novel food ingredients approved in China, has been shown a variety of positive health effects, yet the mechanism of liver injury remains poorly understood. In addition, β-glucan could induce the shifts in gut microbiota, however, whether modulation of gut microbiota by β-glucan is associated with their positive health effects remain elusive. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanism of Salecan supplementation in CCl4-induced liver injury were investigated. After 8 weeks of treatment, we observed that Salecan alleviated liver injury by regulating inflammatory response and M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, Salecan treatment modulated the composition of gut microbiota and antibiotic cocktail treatment indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of Salecan was dependent on the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation was used to further verify the mechanism, and we confirmed that microbial colonization partially alleviated liver injury. Besides, microbiota-derived metabolites of Salecan also contributed to the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of Salecan against liver injury. These findings supported that Salecan intervention attenuated liver injury by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd., 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Guang Olnood
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd., 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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de Morais Junior AC, Schincaglia RM, Viana RB, Armet AM, Prado CM, Walter J, Mota JF. The separate effects of whole oats and isolated beta-glucan on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:224-237. [PMID: 36657917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is well known that dietary fiber positively impacts the microbiome and health as a whole. However, the health effects of β-glucan, a dietary fiber extracted from oats, have been questioned when administered alone or incorporated into other foods. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of oats or β-glucan supplements on the lipid profile. METHODS Randomized controlled trials with parallel-arm or crossover blinded interventions at least two weeks in duration, for hyperlipidemic or non-hyperlipidemic men and women ≥18 years of age were selected. Only single (participants blinded) or double-blinded studies that compared oat or isolated β-glucan with a placebo/control group were considered for this review. The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of science and CINHAL were searched, from the earliest indexed year available online to the end of January 2022. Random-effects models were used to combine the estimated effects extracted from individual studies, and data were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS A total of 811 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 28 studies, totaling 1494 subjects. Oat interventions TC (-0.61, 95%CI: -0.84;-0.39, p < 0.00001, and -0.70, 95%CI: -1.07;-0.34, p = 0.0002, respectively) and LDL (-0.51, 95%CI: -0.71;-0.31, p < 0.00001, and -0.38, 95%CI: -0.60;-0.15, p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, isolated β-glucan interventions from parallel-arm studies decreased TC (-0.73, 95%CI: -1.01;-0.45, p < 0.00001), LDL (-0.58, 95%CI: -0.85;-0.32, p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (-0.30, 95%CI: -0.49;-0.12, p = 0.001). HDL was not altered by either oat or isolated β-glucan (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, this review showed that both oat and isolated β-glucan interventions improved lipid profiles. Furthermore, the ingestion of oats or isolated β-glucan supplements are effective tools to combat dyslipidemia and should be considered in cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcides C de Morais Junior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Schincaglia
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ricardo B Viana
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anissa M Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - João F Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland.
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73
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Cheung IY, Mauguen A, Modak S, Ragupathi G, Basu EM, Roberts SS, Kushner BH, Cheung NK. Effect of Oral β-Glucan on Antibody Response to Ganglioside Vaccine in Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:242-250. [PMID: 36547975 PMCID: PMC9936346 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Among patients with high-risk relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma, oral β-glucan adjuvant during GD2/GD3 ganglioside vaccine boost has stimulated IgG antibody response, which was associated with improved survival; however, the effectiveness of oral β-glucan during the vaccine priming phase remains unproven. Objective To isolate the adjuvant effect of oral β-glucan on antibody response to GD2/GD3 ganglioside vaccine in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants In this phase 2 randomized clinical trial, enrolled patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were randomized to 2 groups to receive the GD2/GD3 vaccine at a large cancer center in a major metropolitan area from October 2018 to September 2020. Data were analyzed from October 7, 2021, to February 28, 2022. Interventions Eligible patients receiving GD2/GD3 vaccine were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 54) to receive no β-glucan or group 2 (n = 53) to receive an oral β-glucan regimen during the first 5 weeks of vaccine priming. From week 6 onwards, all 107 patients received oral β-glucan during vaccine boost for 1 year or until disease progression. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end point was comparison of anti-GD2 IgG1 response before vaccine injection 6 (week 32) in group 1 vs group 2. Seroconversion rate and the association of antibody titer with β-glucan receptor dectin-1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3901533 were also assessed. Results In all, 107 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were randomized to the 2 groups: 54 patients (median [range] age, 5.2 [1.0-17.3] years; 28 [52%] male and 26 [48%] female) in group 1; and 53 patients (median [range] age, 6.2 [1.9-18.4] years; 25 [47%] male and 28 [53%] female) in group 2; both groups were also comparable in their first remission status at study entry (70% vs 70%). Adding oral β-glucan during the first 5 weeks of vaccine priming elicited a higher anti-GD2 IgG1 antibody response in group 2 (1.80; 90% CI, 0.12-3.39; P = .08; planned type I error, 0.10). Anti-GD2 IgG1 titer of 230 ng/mL or greater by week 8 was associated with statistically favorable PFS. Antibody titer correlated significantly with dectin-1 SNP. The genotype frequency, seroconversion rates, and vaccine-related toxic effects were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions and Relevance This phase 2 randomized clinical trial found that adding oral β-glucan during vaccine priming increased anti-GD2 IgG1 titer among genetic responders without added toxic effects. Because responder dectin-1 SNP was identical in the 2 randomized groups, no difference was detected in seroconversion rates. Alternative or additional adjuvants may be needed to enhance seroconversion. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00911560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Govind Ragupathi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ellen M. Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen S. Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Ding C, Shrestha R, Zhu X, Geller AE, Wu S, Woeste MR, Li W, Wang H, Yuan F, Xu R, Chariker JH, Hu X, Li H, Tieri D, Zhang HG, Rouchka EC, Mitchell R, Siskind LJ, Zhang X, Xu XG, McMasters KM, Yu Y, Yan J. Inducing trained immunity in pro-metastatic macrophages to control tumor metastasis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:239-254. [PMID: 36604547 PMCID: PMC10636755 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and myeloid cells are critical in the metastatic microenvironment. Here, we explore the implications of reprogramming pre-metastatic niche myeloid cells by inducing trained immunity with whole beta-glucan particle (WGP). WGP-trained macrophages had increased responsiveness not only to lipopolysaccharide but also to tumor-derived factors. WGP in vivo treatment led to a trained immunity phenotype in lung interstitial macrophages, resulting in inhibition of tumor metastasis and survival prolongation in multiple mouse models of metastasis. WGP-induced trained immunity is mediated by the metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate. Adoptive transfer of WGP-trained bone marrow-derived macrophages reduced tumor lung metastasis. Blockade of sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and mitochondrial fission abrogated WGP-induced trained immunity and its inhibition of lung metastases. WGP also induced trained immunity in human monocytes, resulting in antitumor activity. Our study identifies the metabolic sphingolipid-mitochondrial fission pathway for WGP-induced trained immunity and control over metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew R Woeste
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Raobo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience, KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Fries-Craft K, Kilburn-Kappeler LR, Aldrich CG, Bobeck EA. Dietary yeast beta 1,3/1,6 glucan supplemented to adult Labrador Retrievers alters peripheral blood immune cell responses to vaccination challenge without affecting protective immunity. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad029. [PMID: 36694365 PMCID: PMC9982357 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast-derived 1,3/1,6 β-glucans may alter host immunity to produce robust and quickly resolved responses that align with companion animal health goals. In adult dogs, immunomodulation by yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucans in extruded kibble diet have not been well documented. The study objective was to evaluate systemic immune responses in dogs fed kibble diets with two yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucans doses before and after vaccine challenge. Twenty-four adult Labrador Retrievers were assigned to three dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (control) supplemented with 0.012% or 0.023% (0.5 or 1×, respectively) yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucan with equal sex representation within each treatment (8 dogs/diet). Animals were fed experimental diets for a 29-d acclimation period, after which baseline blood samples were collected before administration of a combination canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and adenovirus-2 vaccine. Blood samples were collected weekly for 21 d following vaccination with whole blood for CBC analysis, serum for titer and cytokine assays, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated for flow cytometric immune cell profiling. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure with diet and timepoint fixed effects. Serum titer was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (SAS 9.4; P ≤ 0.05). Prior to vaccination, β-glucan diets did not affect serum cytokines, antibody titer, or immune cell populations. In the first 7 d post-vaccination (dpv), PBMC CD21low B cells increased 36.5% to 58.1% in all groups but the magnitude of change was lesser in the 0.5× β-glucan diet resulting in 25.6% lower CD21low populations compared to control-fed dogs (P = 0.007). By 21 dpv, B-cell populations recovered to baseline levels in dogs fed 1× β-glucan, but CD21high cells remained elevated 50.5% in dogs fed 0.5× β-glucan diets compared with baseline (P < 0.0001). While no differences in serum titer or cytokines were observed, feeding both β-glucan diets maintained stable blood monocytes, whereas a 53.0% decrease between baseline and 14 dpv was observed in control-fed dogs (P = 0.01). Collectively, these outcomes suggest that a 1× dose of 1,3/1,6 yeast β-glucan in extruded kibble diets altered monocytes associated with trained immunity, did not reduce PBMC CD21low B-cell responsiveness, and simultaneously contributed to B-cell population resolution by 21 dpv in adult dogs. Additional research to assess the functionality of these changes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Abbasi A, Rahbar Saadat T, Rahbar Saadat Y. Microbial exopolysaccharides-β-glucans-as promising postbiotic candidates in vaccine adjuvants. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:346-361. [PMID: 36347372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The urgent task of creating new, enhanced adjuvants is closely related to our comprehension of their mechanisms of action. A few adjuvants have shown sufficient efficacy and low toxicity to be allowed for use in human vaccines, despite the fact that they have a long history and an important function. Adjuvants have long been used without a clear understanding of how precisely they augment the immune response. The rational production of stronger and safer adjuvants has been impeded by this lack of information, which necessitates more mechanistic research to support the development of vaccines. Carbohydrate structures-polygalactans, fructans, β-D-glucans, α-D-glucans, D-galactose, and D-glucose-are desirable candidates for the creation of vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators because they serve important functions in nature and are often biocompatible, safe, and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed recent advances in microbial-derived carbohydrate-based adjuvants, their immunostimulatory activity, and the implications of this for vaccine development, along with the critical view on the microbial sources, chemical composition, and biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Loor A, Wang D, Bossier P, Nevejan N. β-1,3-Glucan/chitin unmasking in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, Δmnn9, promotes immune response and resistance of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to Vibrio coralliilyticus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:470-479. [PMID: 36115606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cells can play a crucial role in immune activation in fish and shellfish predominantly due to the cell wall component β-1,3-glucan, providing protection against bacterial or viral infections. However, the immunostimulatory capacity of dietary yeast cells remains poorly studied in bivalves. To understand the role of yeast cell wall components (mannan, β-glucan and chitin) as immune activators, this study characterized the surface carbohydrate exposure of the wild-type baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (WT) and its Δmnn9 mutant, which presents a defective mannan structure, and compared these profiles with that of β-glucan particles, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectin binding analysis. Then, a first trial evaluated the immunological response in Crassostrea gigas juveniles after being fed for 24 h with an algae-based diet (100A) and its 50% substituted version (based on dry weight) with WT (50A50WT) and Δmnn9 (50A50Y), and the posterior resistance of the juveniles against Vibrio coralliilyticus infection (trial 1). The mRNA expression was measured for β-glucan-binding protein (CgβGBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (CgTLR4), C-type lectin receptor 3 (CgCLec-3), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (CgMyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (CgNFκB), lysozyme (CgLys), interleukin 17-5 (CgIL17-5), and superoxide dismutase (CgSOD), in oysters, before and 24 h after the bacterial inoculation. A second trial tested the effect of incorporating Δmnn9 into the 100A diet for 24 h at different substitution levels: 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50% (100A, 95A5Y, 90A10Y, 75A25Y, and 50A50Y), followed by the bacterial challenge with V. coralliilyticus (trial 2). Our findings showed that the outer cell wall surface of WT is largely composed of mannan, while Δmnn9 presents high exposure of β-glucan and chitin, exhibiting similar FITC-lectin binding profiles (fluorescence intensity) to β-glucan particles. A significantly higher survival after the bacterial challenge was observed in oysters fed on 50A50Y compared to those fed 50A50WT and 100A in trial 1. This better performance of 50A50Y was supported by significantly higher gene expressions of CgLys, CgSOD, CgMyD88, and CgβGBP compared to 100A, and CgSOD and CgNFκB in relation to those fed on 50A50WT, prior to the bacterial inoculation. Furthermore, improved survival was observed in oysters fed 50A50Y compared to those offered lower Δmnn9 levels and 100A in trial 2. The superior performance of Δmnn9-fed oysters is mostly associated with the elevated presence of unmasked β-glucans on Δmnn9 cell wall surface, facilitating their interactions with oyster hemocytes. Further studies are needed to evaluate administration dose and frequency of Δmnn9 to develop strategies for long-term feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Loor
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Waikhom D, Kezhedath J, Krishnan R, Varghese T, Kurcheti PP, Valappil RK. Βeta-glucan stimulation induces trained immunity markers in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:855-861. [PMID: 36336239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity refers to the memory acquired by innate immune cells, leading to cross-protection and non-specific responses to subsequent infection, thereby improving host survival. Trained immunity induction is a combined effect of immune signaling, metabolic changes, and epigenetic modifications. The present study evaluated the induction of markers of the phenomenon of trained immunity in common carp, which is trained using β-glucan. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and hypoxia-inducible factor (hif1α), the metabolic basis of trained immunity; the histone deacetylase (hdac7), one of the markers of epigenetic modifications, metabolic activity of activated cells and expression profiles of proinflammatory cytokines viz. il6a, tnfαa2, and ifnγ were targeted in the study and analyzed in vivo. Besides in vivo analysis, in vitro analysis of mtorc2, hif1α, hdac7, and ifnγ were analyzed. In vitro analyses were performed on head kidney macrophages isolated and maintained in L-15 media and double trained with β-glucan at 100μg/mL. The culture supernatant was collected at different time intervals and processed for expression studies. Healthy common carp were injected with β-glucan at 20 mg/kg body weight for training followed by a resting phase for 6 days and were restimulated with the same dose. Head kidney was collected from the fish post-induction as well as post-restimulation. The expression profile of mtorc2, hdac7, and hif1α were found elevated post-stimulation of β-glucan. Further, a significantly upregulated expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines (ifnγ, il6a and tnfαa2) was observed. Increased glycolysis in the cells post-β-glucan stimulation was confirmed by the high lactate and LDH production detected in the cell culture supernatant. Overall, the study revealed the expression profile of the trained immunity markers and the increased metabolic activity in cells induced with β-glucan, which further validates that the action of trained immunity is indispensable in fish on encounter with a potential ligand. The study supports the existing reports on trained immunity in teleost fish with evidence at the genomic level. However, further studies are required to understand the responses and actions of trained immune cells during infection in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Waikhom
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Jeena Kezhedath
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India.
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Pani Prasad Kurcheti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Rajendran Kooloth Valappil
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
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79
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Kabisch S, Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. The role of cereal soluble fiber in the beneficial modulation of glycometabolic gastrointestinal hormones. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4331-4347. [PMID: 36382636 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2141190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to cohort studies, cereal fiber, and whole-grain products might decrease risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), inflammatory processes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These associations, mainly affect insoluble, but not soluble cereal fiber. In intervention studies, soluble fiber elicit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory short-term effects, partially explained by fermentation to short-chain fatty acids, which acutely counteract insulin resistance and inflammation. ß-glucans lower cholesterol levels and possibly reduce liver fat. Long-term benefits are not yet shown, maybe caused by T2DM heterogeneity, as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease - the glycometabolic points of action of soluble cereal fiber - are not present in every patient. Thus, only some patients might be susceptive to fiber. Also, incretin action in response to fiber could be a relevant factor for variable effects. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge from human studies on the impact of soluble cereal fiber on glycometabolic gastrointestinal hormones. Effects on GLP-1 appear to be highly contradictory, while these fibers might lower GIP and ghrelin, and increase PYY and CCK. Even though previous results of specific trials support a glycometabolic benefit of soluble fiber, larger acute, and long-term mechanistic studies are needed in order to corroborate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V, Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V, Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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80
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Liska DJ, Dioum E, Chu Y, Mah E. Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224772. [PMID: 36432463 PMCID: PMC9698489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. Elevations in blood pressure (BP) leading to HTN can be found in young adults with increased prevalence as people age. Oats are known to decrease CVD risk via an established effect of β-glucan on the attenuation of blood cholesterol. Many past studies on CVD and oats have also reported a decrease in BP; however, a thorough assessment of oats and BP has not been conducted. Moreover, oats deliver several beneficial dietary components with putative beneficial effects on BP or endothelial function, such as β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and phytochemicals such as avenanthramides. We conducted a comprehensive search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP and identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three meta-analyses that supported the role of oats in decreasing BP. Emerging data also suggest oat consumption may reduce the use of anti-hypertensive medications. The majority of these studies utilized whole oats or oat bran, which include a vast array of oat bioactives. Therefore, we also extensively reviewed the literature on these bioactives and their putative effect on BP-relevant mechanisms. The data suggest several oat components, such as GABA, as well as the delivery of high-quality plant protein and fermentable prebiotic fiber, may contribute to the anti-HTN effect of oats. In particular, GABA is enhanced in oat sprouts, which suggests this food may be particularly beneficial for healthy BP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yifang Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
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81
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Liang H, Li Y, Li M, Zhou W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ran C, Zhou Z. The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031962. [PMID: 36405758 PMCID: PMC9669391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan has been used as immunostimulant for fish. However, the effect of yeast β-glucan on viral infections has been less studied in fish. In this study, we investigated the effects of β-glucan on the resistance of zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish were fed with a control diet or diet supplemented with 0.01% and 0.025% β-glucan for 2 weeks, and were challenged by SVCV. Zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells were treated with 5 μg/mL β-glucan and were infected by SVCV. We further investigated the effect of β-glucan on autophagy level post SVCV infection. The intestinal microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Results showed that dietary supplementation of 0.025% β-glucan significantly increased survival rate of zebrafish compared with control group after SVCV challenge (P < 0.05). Dietary β-glucan significantly increased the expression of genes related to type I IFN antiviral immune pathway in the spleen of zebrafish after viral infection, including type I IFN genes (ifnφ1, ifnφ2, ifnφ3), IFN-stimulated genes (mxb, mxc), as well as other genes involved in the IFN signaling pathway, including tlr7, rig1, mavs, irf3 and irf7. Morpholino knockdown of type I IFN receptors dampened the antiviral effect of β-glucan in zebrafish larvae, indicating that β-glucan-mediated antiviral function was at least partially dependent on IFN immune response. Furthermore, β-glucan can inhibit the replication of SVCV in ZF4 cells. However, β-glucan did not stimulate type I IFN antiviral response in ZF4 cells, and the antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 was independent of Myd88. Interestingly, β-glucan induced autophagy in ZF4 cells after SVCV infection. Inhibition of autophagy blocked the antiviral effect of β-glucan in ZF4 cells. Lastly, dietary β-glucan changed the composition of intestinal microbiota in zebrafish, with reduced abundance of Proteobacteria and an enrichment of Fusobacteria and Firmicutes. To sum up, our results indicate that the β-glucan enhanced resistance of zebrafish against SVCV and the mechanism involved stimulation of type I IFN antiviral immune response of fish after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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82
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Pooljun C, Jariyapong P, Wongtawan T, Hirono I, Wuthisuthimethavee S. Effect of feeding different types of β-glucans derived from two marine diatoms (Chaetoceros muelleri and Thalassiosira weissflogii) on growth performance and immunity of banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:512-519. [PMID: 36154889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are produced by many organisms and could be used as supplementary feed to enhance immunity and growth in some aquatic animals. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of β-glucans derived from two marine diatoms (Chaetoceros muelleri and Thalassiosira weissflogii) as growth promoters and immunity enhancers in banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis). Shrimp were divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed without β-glucan; the second and the third group were fed with 2 g kg-1 of β-glucan derived from C. muelleri and T. weissflogii, respectively. Shrimp were fed over a 30-day period to determine growth performance (final weight, weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) at day 15 and day 30, respectively. The immune parameters determined were total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO) and immune gene expression. Survival rates were measured after 14 days of the feeding trial and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection (6, 24, 48 h post infection). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for growth stimulation of shrimps between the two types of β-glucans (C. muelleri or T. weissflogii). Notably, shrimps fed with β-glucans had a higher final weight, weight gain, and ADG (P < 0.05) than shrimps fed with the control diet, while FCR of shrimps fed with both β-glucans was lower when compared to the control diet. Immune parameters, THC, PO, and gene expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and crustin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in shrimps fed with β-glucans, especially with β-glucans from C. muelleri than the control group both before and after V. parahaemolyticus infection. Expression of penaeidin 3 and peroxiredoxin genes was significantly higher in shrimps fed with β-glucans after bacterial infection. Histopathology of hepatopancreas revealed an increase in blasenzellen hepatopancreatic epithelial cells (B cells) after 14 days of feeding which remained higher following infection with V. parahaemolyticus. The survival rate of shrimps fed with the diet containing β-glucan derived from either C. muelleri (82.2%) or T. weissflogii (77.8%) after V. parahaemolyticus infection was significantly higher than for the control group (51.1%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we propose that feeding banana shrimps with β-glucans derived from marine diatoms either C. muelleri or T. weissflogii at a 2 g kg-1 diet can significantly improve their growth performance and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chettupon Pooljun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Pitchanee Jariyapong
- Center of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; Department of Medicine Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; Research Center on One Health, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Suwit Wuthisuthimethavee
- Center of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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83
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Albaladejo-Riad N, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Induction and characterization of extracellular traps by gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:582-590. [PMID: 36152801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the induction and characterization of extracellular traps (ETs) produced by gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes. The cells were incubated several times (10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min) with different concentrations of the stimulants diluted in RPMI-1640 culture medium: RPMI-1640 (control), β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BG, 0-400 μg mL-1), lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS, 0-10 μg mL-1), calcium ionophore A23187 (CaI, 0-5 μg mL-1), Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 0-1000 ng mL-1) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Poly I:C, 0-200 μg mL-1). BG, LPS and CaI exerted only weak stimulatory activity, while PMA and poly I:C exerted a potent one. After stimulation of the leucocytes, ETs structures were quantified and visualised through staining of the chromatin with nucleic acid-specific dyes and immunocytochemical probing of characteristic proteins expected to decorate the structure. ETs structures had DNA and myeloperoxidase. The ETs morphology was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. These data confirm that seabream leucocytes form ETs with different morphological properties, depending on the used stimulant. These results will be the basis for new studies to analyse the implication of this mechanism in fish immunity. All this new knowledge will have its application in fish farms when we learn to manipulate the innate immune response in order to mitigate microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Albaladejo-Riad
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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84
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Han X, Luo R, Ye N, Hu Y, Fu C, Gao R, Fu S, Gao F. Research progress on natural β-glucan in intestinal diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1244-1260. [PMID: 36063888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan, an essential natural polysaccharide widely distributed in cereals and microorganisms, exhibits extensive biological activities, including immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor properties, and flora regulation. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that β-glucan has activities that may be useful for treating intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. The advantages of β-glucan, which include its multiple roles, safety, abundant sources, good encapsulation capacity, economic development costs, and clinical evidence, indicate that β-glucan is a promising polysaccharide that could be developed as a health product or medicine for the treatment of intestinal disease. Unfortunately, few reports have summarized the progress of studies investigating natural β-glucan in intestinal diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure-activity relationship of β-glucan, its pharmacological mechanism in IBD and colorectal cancer, its absorption and transportation mechanisms, and its application in food, medicine, and drug delivery, which will be beneficial to further understand the role of β-glucan in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Department of Nursing, Chengdu Wenjiang People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611100, China.
| | - Shu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Riepl M. A Compendium of Compounding Agents and Formulations, Part 5: Timolol and Beta-glucans. Int J Pharm Compd 2022; 26:364-368. [PMID: 36053762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds that prove refractory to treatment with commercially manufactured medications impose a burden on patients, create challenges for the clinicians who treat them, and increase the cost of therapy. The success of pharmaceutical wound management and cure depends in part on the degree to which active healing agents are delivered quickly and effectively to injured tissues (factors also affected by the drug[s] and excipients incorporated and skin permeability at the injured site). When an external injury has failed to resolve despite treatment with standardized drug products, a pharmaceutical compound can often provide healing relief. In this report, profiles of and formulations containing timolol (a beta- adrenergic receptor antagonist) and beta-glucans (glucose polymers) are provided. The healing effects of those agents are underrecognized in mainstream medicine, and as a result, they remain underprescribed and unavailable in commercial medications. However, when included in a customized pharmaceutical compound, they can enable and accelerate dermal- wound resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Riepl
- Retired Compounding Pharmacist, Bismarck, North Dakota.
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86
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Wu DT, Zhao YX, Yuan Q, Wang S, Gan RY, Hu YC, Zou L. Influence of ultrasound assisted metal-free Fenton reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:97-108. [PMID: 35970367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction on the structural characteristic and immunostimulatory activity of a β-D-glucan isolated from D. indusiata, so as to reveal its potential structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship. A purified β-D-glucan, named as DP, was quickly isolated from D. indusiata, and further identified as a 1,3-β-D-glucan with 1,6-β-D-Glcp as branched chains, which exhibited a rigid rod chain conformation in 0.9 % (w/v) of NaCl solution. Furthermore, results showed that the primary structure of DP was overall stable after the degradation by ultrasound assisted H2O2/ascorbic acid reaction. However, the molar mass and chain conformation of DP obviously changed. In addition, DP and its degraded products exerted remarkable immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo, which could activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Indeed, the immunostimulatory activity of DP was closely-correlated to its molar mass and chain conformation. An appropriate degradation of molar mass could promote its immunostimulatory activity. While the transformation of chain conformation from rigid rod to random coil could cause the significant decrease of its immunostimulatory activity. These findings are beneficial to better understanding the structure-immunostimulatory activity relationship of β-D-glucans from edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun-Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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Huang Q, Zhu Y, Yu J, Fang L, Li Y, Wang M, Liu J, Yan P, Xia J, Liu G, Yang X, Zeng J, Guo L, Ruan G. Effects of sulfated β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, antioxidant ability, nonspecific immunity, and intestinal flora of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:891-900. [PMID: 35810965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the combined effects of sulfated β-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSC) on growth performance, antioxidant ability, nonspecific immunity, and intestinal flora of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Four experimental diets (sGSC25, sGSC50, sGSC100 and sGSC200) with different levels of sGSC (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% in diet, respectively) were fed to juvenile crayfish (average weight: 2.5 ± 0.5 g) for 8 weeks. The control diet was given with 2000 mg/kg GSC (GSC200 group). The based control diet was given without sGSC or GSC (blank group). Each group had 3 parallel test pools, 20 crayfish were reared in each pool. At the end of the growth trial, adding dietary 0.025%-0.1% sGSC could significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of crayfish. Compared with GSC, sGSC had a better effect at lower concentration. Higher concentration of sGSC (>0.1%) would cause some side effects. sGSC also could improve the structure of the intestinal flora and optimize the function of the flora. sGSC would increase the abundances of probiotics such as Hafnia and Acinetobacter, and decreases the abundances of maleficent bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae. Higher concentration of sGSC (>0.1%) would increase the abundance of Aeromonas. To conclude, 0.025%-0.1% sGSC can be used as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity and improve the structure of intestinal flora. These results provided a theoretical basis for the application of sGSC instead of GSC in crayfish breeding. It will be necessary to further study the optimal concentration of sGSC in feed additives in different growth stages of crayfish in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yiling Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yana Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Pupu Yan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jinjin Xia
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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88
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Jang WJ, Jeon MH, Lee SJ, Park SY, Lee YS, Noh DI, Hur SW, Lee S, Lee BJ, Lee JM, Kim KW, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus sp. PM8313 with β-glucan Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota of Red Sea Bream ( Pagrus major) to Increase Growth, Immunity, and Disease Resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960554. [PMID: 35935938 PMCID: PMC9353131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus sp. isolated from the intestines of red sea bream on the growth performance, immunity, and gut microbiome composition of red sea bream. Three diets (a control diet and two treatments) were formulated without Bacillus sp. PM8313 or β-glucan (control, CD), 1 × 108 CFU g-1 PM8313 (BSD), and 1 × 108 CFU g-1 PM8313 + 0.1% β-glucan (BGSD). At the end of the experiment, the weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of the fish in the BSD and BGSD diet groups were significantly improved than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, amylase and trypsin activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both groups compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity, which are serum non-specific immune responses, only increased in the BGSD group. The two treatment groups exhibited a marked difference in the intestinal microbiota composition compared to the control group. Furthermore, the treatment groups exhibited an upregulation of IL-6 and NF-κb, coupled with high survival rates when challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. Therefore, dietary supplementation with PM8313 improved the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, non-specific immunity, and pathogen resistance of red sea bream, in addition to affecting the composition of its intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeon
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Da-In Noh
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Md Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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89
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Hans S, Fatima Z, Ahmad A, Hameed S. Magnesium impairs Candida albicans immune evasion by reduced hyphal damage, enhanced β-glucan exposure and altered vacuole homeostasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270676. [PMID: 35834579 PMCID: PMC9282612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With a limited arsenal of available antifungal drugs and drug-resistance emergence, strategies that seek to reduce Candida immune evasion and virulence could be a promising alternative option. Harnessing metal homeostasis against C. albicans has gained wide prominence nowadays as a feasible antifungal strategy. Herein, the effect of magnesium (Mg) deprivation on the immune evasion mechanisms of C. albicans is demonstrated. We studied host pathogen interaction by using the THP-1 cell line model and explored the avenue that macrophage-mediated killing was enhanced under Mg deprivation, leading to altered cytokine (TNFα, IL-6 and IL10) production and reduced pyroptosis. Insights into the mechanisms revealed that hyphal damage inside the macrophage was diminished under Mg deprivation. Additionally, Mg deprivation led to cell wall remodelling; leading to enhanced β-1,3-glucan exposure, crucial for immune recognition, along with concomitant alterations in chitin and mannan levels. Furthermore, vacuole homeostasis was disrupted under Mg deprivation, as revealed by abrogated morphology and defective acidification of the vacuole lumen. Together, we demonstrated that Mg deprivation affected immune evasion mechanisms by: reduced hyphal damage, enhanced β-1,3-glucan exposure and altered vacuole functioning. The study establishes that Mg availability is indispensable for successful C. albicans immune evasion and specific Mg dependent pathways could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Hans
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, India
- * E-mail: (ZF); (SH)
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Infection Control, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, India
- * E-mail: (ZF); (SH)
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90
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Patel D, Challagundla N, Mandaliya D, Yadav S, Naik O, Dalai P, Shah D, Vora H, Agrawal-Rajput R. Caspase-1 inhibition by YVAD generates tregs pivoting IL-17 to IL-22 response in β-glucan induced airway inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:316-325. [PMID: 35225131 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2043899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Aspergillus fumigatus mediated lung inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome is rapidly activated that aggravates IL-1β production contributing to lung inflammation. Previously, we have shown the protective role of SYK-1 inhibition in inhibiting inflammasome activation during lung inflammation. In the current manuscript, we explored the protective role of direct caspase-1 inhibition during β-glucan-induced lung inflammation. METHODS We have mimicked the lung inflammation by administering intranasal β-glucan in mice model. YVAD was used for caspase-1 inhibition. RESULTS We have shown that caspase-1 inhibition by YVAD did not alter inflammasome independent inflammatory cytokines, while it significantly reduced inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Caspase-1 inhibited bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), co-cultured with T cells showed decreased T-cell proliferation and direct them to secrete high TGF-β and IL-10 compared to the T cells co-cultured with β-glucan primed dendritic cells. Caspase-1 inhibition in BMDCs also induced IL-22 secretion from CD4+T cells. Caspase-1 inhibition in intranasal β-glucan administered mice showed decreased tissue damage, immune cell infiltration and IgA secretion compared to control mice. Further, splenocytes challenged with β-glucan show high IL-10 secretion and increased FOXp3 and Ahr indicating an increase in regulatory T cells on caspase-1 inhibition. CONCLUSION Caspase-1 inhibition can thus be an attractive target to prevent inflammation mediated tissue damage during Aspergillus fumigatus mouse model and can be explored as an attractive therapeutic strategy.HIGHLIGHTSCaspase-1 inhibition protects lung damage from inflammation during β-glucan exposureCaspase-1 inhibition in dendritic cells decreases IL-1β production resulting in decreased pathogenic Th17Caspase-1 inhibition promotes regulatory T cells thereby inhibiting lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyesh Patel
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Naveen Challagundla
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipeeka Mandaliya
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Omkar Naik
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Parameswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruvi Shah
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hima Vora
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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91
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Choi M, Lee SM, Lee JW, Kim I, Pack CG, Ha CH. Yeast beta-glucan mediates histone deacetylase 5-induced angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:556-567. [PMID: 35569678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of yeast-derived β-glucan in angiogenesis has not been elucidated because there have been few specific studies on its clinical and physiological significance. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between β-glucan and histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), revealing the role of β-glucan in angiogenesis. We confirmed that HDAC5 was phosphorylated by β-glucan stimulation and released from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that β-glucan-stimulated HDAC5 translocation mediates the transcriptional activation of MEF2. As a result, the expression of KLF2, EGR2, and NR4A2, whose expression is MEF2-dependent and involved in angiogenesis, increased. Thus, we showed the activity of β-glucan in angiogenesis through in vitro and ex vivo assays including cell migration, tube formation, and aortic ring analyses. Specifically, application of an HDAC5 inhibitor repressed MEF2 transcriptional activation in both in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis. HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 inhibited the proangiogenic activity of beta-glucan, suggesting that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. These findings suggest that HDAC5 is essential for angiogenesis, and that β-glucan induces angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. It also suggests that β-glucan has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for modulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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92
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Yuan H, He Y, Zhang H, Ma X. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast β-glucan catalyzed by β-glucanase: Chemical and microstructural analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 86:106012. [PMID: 35594691 PMCID: PMC9120488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis on modified solubilization of yeast β-glucan and its related mechanism. The depolymerization effects of this system on the physicochemical properties and structural features of the degraded fragments were studied systematically. The structure and physicochemical properties of the samples showed that the solubility of yeast β-glucan achieved 75.35 % after modification; and ultrasonic enzymatic enhanced the degradation efficiency. The yeast β-glucan obtained after solubilization and modification owned better antioxidant activities. The yeast β-glucan particles become obviously smaller, sparsely dispersed in the aqueous solution and the stability was improved. In addition, the hydrogen bonds in yeast β-glucan native triple helix structure were partially broken. Moreover, the disruption of yeast β-glucan's original structure made it decreased thermostability and easier to dissolve in water. The atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging directly verified the branched-chain morphology of yeast β-glucan and the small-strand degradation fragments. Therefore, this research can provide a feasible and effective approach for improving solubility of water-insoluble yeast β-glucan to enlarge its food and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yan He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China.
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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93
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Hiengrach P, Visitchanakun P, Finkelman MA, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. More Prominent Inflammatory Response to Pachyman than to Whole-Glucan Particle and Oat-β-Glucans in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Mucositis Mice and Mouse Injection through Proinflammatory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074026. [PMID: 35409384 PMCID: PMC8999416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-D-glucans (BG) (the glucose polymers) are recognized as pathogen motifs, and different forms of BGs are reported to have various effects. Here, different BGs, including Pachyman (BG with very few (1→6)-linkages), whole-glucan particles (BG with many (1→6)-glycosidic bonds), and Oat-BG (BG with (1→4)-linkages), were tested. In comparison with dextran sulfate solution (DSS) alone in mice, DSS with each of these BGs did not alter the weight loss, stool consistency, colon injury (histology and cytokines), endotoxemia, serum BG, and fecal microbiome but Pachyman-DSS-treated mice demonstrated the highest serum cytokine elicitation (TNF-α and IL-6). Likewise, a tail vein injection of Pachyman together with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the highest levels of these cytokines at 3 h post-injection than LPS alone or LPS with other BGs. With bone marrow-derived macrophages, BG induced only TNF-α (most prominent with Pachyman), while LPS with BG additively increased several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10); inflammatory genes (iNOS, IL-1β, Syk, and NF-κB); and cell energy alterations (extracellular flux analysis). In conclusion, Pachyman induced the highest LPS proinflammatory synergistic effect on macrophages, followed by WGP, possibly through Syk-associated interactions between the Dectin-1 and TLR-4 signal transduction pathways. Selection of the proper form of BGs for specific clinical conditions might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratsanee Hiengrach
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (W.C.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (W.C.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (W.C.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (W.C.)
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Chen J, Lei Y, Dong Z, Fu S, Li L, Gao A, Wu L, Ye J. Toxicological damages on copper exposure to IgM + B cells of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mitigation of its adverse effects by β-glucan administration. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 81:105334. [PMID: 35182770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation was carried out to study toxicological damages of copper exposure and mitigation of its adverse effects with β-glucan administration in IgM+ B cells which processes multiple roles similar to macrophages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). IgM+ B cells were pretreated with β-glucan (25 μg/mL) for 24 h before exposed to cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) or cupric chloride (Cu ions) at the doses of 0, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL for 24 h, respectively. Our results demonstrated that β-glucan increased reduced glutathione (GSH) to against oxidative damage from CuO NPs and Cu ions exposure in IgM+ B cells. The apoptosis process through mitochondrial signaling pathway was depressed in IgM+ B cells since the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was protected from copper exposure by β-glucan treatment. Furthermore, the inhibition on phagocytic abilities of IgM+ B cells caused by copper exposure could be enhanced with β-glucan treatment via evaluation of microspheres and bioparticles uptake and LPS-induced NO production. Importantly, β-glucan might participate in immunomodulation in IgM+ B cells through B cell antigen receptor (BCR) to suppress toxicological effect derived from copper exposure. Taken together, this study provides more information on the toxicological damages in IgM+ B cells upon copper exposure and explains the molecular mechanism to reverse adverse effects caused by copper exposure with β-glucan administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zijiong Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Along Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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95
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Benjaskulluecha S, Boonmee A, Pattarakankul T, Wongprom B, Klomsing J, Palaga T. Screening of compounds to identify novel epigenetic regulatory factors that affect innate immune memory in macrophages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1912. [PMID: 35115604 PMCID: PMC8814160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity and tolerance are part of the innate immune memory that allow innate immune cells to differentially respond to a second encounter with stimuli by enhancing or suppressing responses. In trained immunity, treatment of macrophages with β-glucan (BG) facilitates the production of proinflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. For the tolerance response, LPS stimulation leads to suppressed inflammatory responses during subsequent LPS exposure. Epigenetic reprogramming plays crucial roles in both phenomena, which are tightly associated with metabolic flux. In this study, we performed a screening of an epigenetics compound library that affects trained immunity or LPS tolerance in macrophages using TNFα as a readout. Among the 181 compounds tested, one compound showed suppressive effects, while 2 compounds showed promoting effects on BG-trained TNFα production. In contrast, various inhibitors targeting Aurora kinase, histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase showed inhibitory activity against LPS tolerance. Several proteins previously unknown to be involved in innate immune memory, such as MGMT, Aurora kinase, LSD1 and PRMT5, were revealed. Protein network analysis revealed that the trained immunity targets are linked via Trp53, while LPS tolerance targets form three clusters of histone-modifying enzymes, cell division and base-excision repair. In trained immunity, the histone lysine methyltransferase SETD7 was identified, and its expression was increased during BG treatment. Level of the histone lysine demethylase, LSD1, increased during LPS priming and siRNA-mediated reduction resulted in increased expression of Il1b in LPS tolerance. Taken together, this screening approach confirmed the importance of epigenetic modifications in innate immune memory and provided potential novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salisa Benjaskulluecha
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Wongprom
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeerameth Klomsing
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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96
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Krishnan R, Jang YS, Oh MJ. Beta glucan induced immune priming protects against nervous necrosis virus infection in sevenband grouper. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:163-171. [PMID: 35017048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the effect of β-glucan on the activation of antiviral immune responses against nervous necrosis virus (NNV) taking into consideration the role of innate immune training. Sevenband grouper primary macrophages showed an attenuated proinflammatory response and elevated antiviral response to NNV infection. In vitro, priming of β-glucan enhanced macrophage viability against NNV infection which is associated with the activation of sustained inflammatory cytokines gene expression. Observations were clear to understand that NLR Family CARD Domain Containing 3 (NLRC3) and caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β production were reduced in β-glucan-primed macrophages. Subsequent markers for training including Lactate and abundance of HIF-1α were elevated in the cells following training. However, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations remained stable among the β-glucan stimulated infected and uninfected groups suggesting similar macrophage health in both groups. In vivo, the NNV-infected fish primed with β-glucan had a higher survival rate (60%) than the control NNV-infected group (40%). Our findings demonstrate that β-glucan induced protective responses against NNV infection and studies are underway to harness its potential applicability for prime and boost vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yo-Seb Jang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
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97
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Notararigo S, Varela E, Otal A, Antolín M, Guarner F, López P. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031527. [PMID: 35163449 PMCID: PMC8835822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial β-glucans are exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which can protect bacteria or cooperate in biofilm formation or in bacterial cell adhesion. Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 is a lactic acid bacterium that produces an O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The structural similarity of this EPS to active compounds such as laminarin, together with its ability to modulate the immune system and to adhere in vitro to human enterocytes, led us to investigate, in comparison with laminarin, its potential as an immunomodulator of in vitro co-cultured Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1 cells. O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan synthesized by the GTF glycosyl transferase of Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 or that by Lactococcus lactis NZ9000[pGTF] were purified and used in this study. The XTT tests revealed that all β-glucans were non-toxic for both cell lines and activated PMA-THP-1 cells’ metabolisms. The O-2-substituted (1-3)-β-D-glucan modulated production and expression of IL-8 and the IL-10 in Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1 cells. Laminarin also modulated cytokine production by diminishing TNF-α in Caco-2 cells and IL-8 in PMA-THP-1. All these features could be considered with the aim to produce function foods, supplemented with laminarin or with another novel β-glucan-producing strain, in order to ameliorate an individual’s immune system response toward pathogens or to control mild side effects in remission patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Notararigo
- Molecular Biology of Gram-Positive Bacteria, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de RecercaValld’Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (F.G.)
- Foundation Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Encarnación Varela
- Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de RecercaValld’Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (F.G.)
- CIBERehd, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Otal
- Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de RecercaValld’Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (F.G.)
| | - María Antolín
- Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de RecercaValld’Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (F.G.)
- CIBERehd, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de RecercaValld’Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Valld’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (E.V.); (A.O.); (M.A.); (F.G.)
- CIBERehd, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma López
- Molecular Biology of Gram-Positive Bacteria, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-837-31-12; Fax: +34-91-538-04-32
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98
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Shi S, Yin L, Shen X, Dai Y, Wang J, Yin D, Zhang D, Pan X. β-Glucans from Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd Is Effective for Prevention of Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020237. [PMID: 35215831 PMCID: PMC8880503 DOI: 10.3390/v14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (C. versicolor) is a higher fungi or mushroom which is now known by its accepted scientific names as Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd. Many studies have shown that β-glucans from C. versicolor have various physiological activities, including activating macrophages to protect against Salmonella infection. However, whether β-glucans have antiviral effects has not been reported. Hence, the objective of this study was to confirm whether β-glucans could boost the immune response to combat influenza virus in mouse and chick models. The results show that β-glucans induced the expression of Dectin-1, costimulatory molecules (CD80/86) and cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-β and IL-10 in murine bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). In addition, orally administered β-glucans reduced weight loss, mortality and viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus and attenuated pathological lung damage caused by the virus in the mice. Orally administered β-glucans improved survival and reduced lung viral titers in chickens infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus. These results suggest that β-glucans have a significant antiviral effect. Therefore, β-glucans could become a potential immunomodulator against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xuehuai Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jieru Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Danjun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (J.W.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (X.P.)
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99
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Klimek K, Tarczynska M, Truszkiewicz W, Gaweda K, Douglas TEL, Ginalska G. Freeze-Dried Curdlan/Whey Protein Isolate-Based Biomaterial as Promising Scaffold for Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation-A Pilot In-Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 11:282. [PMID: 35053397 PMCID: PMC8773726 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to establish whether a novel freeze-dried curdlan/whey protein isolate-based biomaterial may be taken into consideration as a potential scaffold for matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. For this reason, this biomaterial was initially characterized by the visualization of its micro- and macrostructures as well as evaluation of its mechanical stability, and its ability to undergo enzymatic degradation in vitro. Subsequently, the cytocompatibility of the biomaterial towards human chondrocytes (isolated from an orthopaedic patient) was assessed. It was demonstrated that the novel freeze-dried curdlan/whey protein isolate-based biomaterial possessed a porous structure and a Young's modulus close to those of the superficial and middle zones of cartilage. It also exhibited controllable degradability in collagenase II solution over nine weeks. Most importantly, this biomaterial supported the viability and proliferation of human chondrocytes, which maintained their characteristic phenotype. Moreover, quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis and confocal microscope observations revealed that the biomaterial may protect chondrocytes from dedifferentiation towards fibroblast-like cells during 12-day culture. Thus, in conclusion, this pilot study demonstrated that novel freeze-dried curdlan/whey protein isolate-based biomaterial may be considered as a potential scaffold for matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klimek
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Marta Tarczynska
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Wieslaw Truszkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Gaweda
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Gillow Avenue, Lancaster LA 1 4YW, UK;
- Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA 1 4YW, UK
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.T.); (G.G.)
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100
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Adachi Y, Momose F, Momose H, Tada R, Ohno N. Potentiation of antitumor activity by antibody drugs and mushroom-derived β-glucans in natural killer cell-mediated tumoricidal activities against non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 25:1-19. [PMID: 37017658 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022047219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides that activate innate immunity. We herein investigated whether P-glucans promote the immunological effects of antibody drugs against malignant tumor cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Rituximab bound to CD20-specific lymphoma and exhibited cytotoxic activity in the presence of human mononuclear cells, but not neutrophils. The addition of Sparassis crispa (cauliflower mushroom)-derived β-glucan (SCG) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to co-cultures of PBMCs and Raji lymphoma cells further promoted antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The GM-CSF treatment increased β-glucan receptor expression on adherent cells in PBMCs. A co-stimulation with GM-CSF and SCG of PBMCs induced an increase in the number of spreading cells and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. The enhancement in ADCC was abolished by the removal of NK cells, indicating that SCG and GM-CSF increased ADCC against lymphoma by activating β-glucan receptor-expressing cells in PBMCs and enhancing NK cell activity. The synergistic mechanisms of action of mushroom-derived β-glucans and biopharmaceuticals, including recombinant cytokines and antibodies, in the treatment of malignant tumor cells provide important insights into the clinical efficacy of β-glucans from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Momose
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiromi Momose
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Rui Tada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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