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Huang L, Yin X, Sun X, Yang J, Rahman MZ, Chen Z, Wang X. Expression of a Grape VqSTS36-Increased Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis but Enhanced Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis and Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2985. [PMID: 30274342 PMCID: PMC6213015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene synthase genes make a contribution to improving the tolerances of biotic and abiotic stress in plants. However, the mechanisms mediated by these STS genes remain unclear. To provide insight into the role of STS genes defense against biotic and abiotic stress, we overexpressed VqSTS36 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Micro-Tom) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis lines displayed an increased resistance to powdery mildew, but both VqSTS36-transformed Arabidopsis and tomato lines showed the increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Besides, transgenic Arabidopsis lines were found to confer tolerance to salt and drought stress in seed and seedlings. When transgenic plants were treated with a different stress, qPCR assays of defense-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato suggested that VqSTS36 played a specific role in different phytohormone-related pathways, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. All of these results provided a better understanding of the mechanism behind the role of VqSTS36 in biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiangjing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jinhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Mohammad Zillur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai 201699, China.
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Niu J, Guo D, Zhang W, Tang J, Tang G, Yang J, Wang W, Huo H, Jiang N, Cao Y. Preparation and characterization of nanosilica copper (II) complexes of amino acids. J Hazard Mater 2018; 358:207-215. [PMID: 29990808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequent use of traditional copper-based microbicides has led to the growing risk of toxicity to non-target organisms in the environment. In this work, nanosilica was conjugated with copper(II) complexes of L-glutamate (or glycine) to develop novel copper-based microbicides with good microbicidal activity, systemicity and desired safety to plant, and the obtained nanosilica-L-glutamate copper complexes (Silica-Glu-Cu) and nanosilica-glycine copper complexes (Silica-Gly-Cu) were characterized and evaluated by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The results showed that Silica-Glu-Cu and Silica-Gly-Cu exhibited satisfactory activities and long effective periods against Phytophthora capsica and Botrytis cinereal and could move upward and downward freely in cucumber seedlings. Moreover, Silica-Glu-Cu increased the fresh weights of cucumber and wheat seedlings by 0.4-6.4% at the concentrations of 50-200 mg/L of copper. Thus, the novel copper-based microbicides can reduce the frequency of using copper-based bactericides and phytotoxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Niu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyue Tang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Tang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huo
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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103
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Zhang QX, Zhang Y, He LL, Ji ZL, Tong YH. Identification of a small antimycotic peptide produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 6256. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 150:78-82. [PMID: 30195391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. 6256 is a good biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea which caused tomato gray mold disease. Strain 6256 was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its partial gyrB gene sequence. To identify and characterize the antimycotic peptides from the culture broth of the bacterium, the antimicrobial substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens 6256 were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The purified compound was designated as P657. The biological activity of P657 was stable at as high as 100 °C for 20 min and in pH value ranged from 5 to 10. The antimycotic compound was resistant to trypsin and proteinase K, and could completely inhibit spore germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis results showed the presence of fengycins A (C16-C17) and fengycins B (C15-C17) isoforms in P657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ling Ling He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhao Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yun Hui Tong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Escribano-Viana R, Portu J, Garijo P, Gutiérrez AR, Santamaría P, López-Alfaro I, López R, González-Arenzana L. Evaluating a preventive biological control agent applied on grapevines against Botrytis cinerea and its influence on winemaking. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4517-4526. [PMID: 29479822 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research was aimed to study the influence on grape and wine quality and on the fermentation processes of the application of a preventive biological treatment against Botrytis cinerea in Tempranillo Rioja grapevines. For this purpose, a biofungicide containing Bacillus subtilis QST713 was applied twice to the vineyard. RESULTS Results were compared with non-treated samples from the same vineyard and with samples treated with a chemical fungicide composed of fenhexamid. Data showed that general grape quality and spontaneous alcoholic fermentation performance were not influenced by either fungicide application. The chemical fungicide had a considerable influence on the clonal diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, which led to the alcoholic fermentation. Furthermore, it caused longer malolactic fermentation than with the biological fungicide and in the control. The biofungicide made malolactic fermentation 1 day shorter because the establishment of the commercial lactic acid bacteria used as a starter culture was total. After malolactic fermentation, the wines did not show significant differences in general oenological parameters. CONCLUSION Preventive biofungicide treatment against B. cinerea did not negatively influence the quality of grapes and wines and the fermentation processes. Therefore, biological control of B. cinerea with B. subtilis applied on grapevines could be advisable in oenological terms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Escribano-Viana
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Javier Portu
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Patrocinio Garijo
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Gutiérrez
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Pilar Santamaría
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Isabel López-Alfaro
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Rosa López
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Lucía González-Arenzana
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. Burgos km 6, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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105
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Cui N, Xu H, Yao S, He Y, Zhang H, Yu Y. Chiral triazole fungicide tebuconazole: enantioselective bioaccumulation, bioactivity, acute toxicity, and dissipation in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:25468-25475. [PMID: 29951765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselectivity in environmental behavior and toxic effect of chiral pesticides has been received much attention. In this study, enantioselective bioactivity towards target organism Botrytis cinerea, acute toxicity and bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida, and degradation in five kinds of soil under laboratory conditions regarding triazole fungicide tebuconazole were investigated. The results showed that fungicidal activity to Botrytis cinerea of R-(-)-tebuconazole was 44 times higher than S-(+)-tebuconazole with an order of R-(-)-tebuconazole > rac-tebuconazole > S-(+)-tebuconazole. No significant difference was found in acute toxicity of rac-, R-, and S-tebuconazole to E. fetida with 48-h EC50 of 10.78, 10.48, and 10.84 μg/cm2, respectively. Dissipation of tebuconazole in the five tested soils varied upon soil characteristics with half-life ranging from 32.2 to 216.6 days. Enantioselective and rapid dissipation of tebuconazole were observed in soils Hainan and Huajiachi, compared to the other soils. Enantioselective accumulation of tebuconazole in E. fetida was found with a preferential of S-(+)-tebuconazole although no significant difference in acute toxicity to E. fetida between rac-tebuconazole and enantiomers. The results indicated that S-(+)-tebuconazole with less fungicidal activity may be more likely to be accumulated in earthworm E. fetida. This research is helpful to better evaluate the environmental and ecological risk of tebuconazole on enantiomeric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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106
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Baggio JS, Peres NA, Amorim L. Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Conventional and Organic Strawberry Fields in Brazil to Azoxystrobin, Iprodione, Pyrimethanil, and Thiophanate-Methyl. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1803-1810. [PMID: 30125196 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-17-1221-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis fruit rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most important strawberry diseases worldwide, and fungicide applications are often used to manage the disease in commercial production. Isolates of B. cinerea were collected from conventional and organic strawberry fields in four Brazilian States from 2013 to 2015 and their sensitivity to the main single-site mode-of action fungicides used in Brazil was tested. Resistance to azoxystrobin, iprodione, pyrimethanil, and thiophanate-methyl was found and values for effective concentration that inhibited mycelial growth by 50% were higher than 71.9, 1.2, 5.0, and 688 µg/ml, respectively, regardless the production system. Resistance to these fungicides was observed in 87.5, 76.6, 23.4, and 92.2% of isolates from conventional fields and 31.4, 22.9, 14.3, and 51.4% of isolates from organic fields, respectively. Moreover, frequencies of isolates with multiple fungicide resistance to the four active ingredients were 20.6 and 2.8% whereas 6.3 and 27.8% were sensitive to the four fungicides for conventional and organic areas, respectively. Molecular analyses of the cytochrome b, β-tubulin, and bos1 genes revealed the presence of G143A; E198A; and I365 N/S, Q369P, or N373S mutations, respectively, in resistant isolates of B. cinerea. Field rates of fungicides sprayed preventively to inoculated strawberry fruit failed to control disease caused by the respective resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Baggio
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma
| | - Lilian Amorim
- Departmento de Fitopatologia, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Zhang L, Li W, Xiao T, Song Z, Csuk R, Li S. Design and Discovery of Novel Chiral Antifungal Amides with 2-(2-Oxazolinyl)aniline as a Promising Pharmacophore. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8957-8965. [PMID: 30092640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by established succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), our continuing efforts toward the discovery of chiral antifungal amides turned to the optimization of their polar regions with 2-(2-oxazolinyl)aniline as a known pharmacophore. Scaffold hopping and bioactivity-guided convergent synthesis enabled the identification of promising antifungal categories. Fine tuning of the substituents and chirality furnished seven amides (1s, 1t, 2d, 2h, 2j, 3k, and 2l) as antifungal candidates, with EC50 values lower than 5 mg/L. The first investigation of chiral amides of acyclic acids as SDHIs was conducted, and compound 2d was selected as a promising candidate against Botrytis cinerea, with a preventative efficacy of up to 93.9% at 50 mg/L, which is better than that of boscalid. The different binding models between compounds with different configurations were simulated for compound 2d and its diastereoisomers. The benefits of synthetic accessibility and cost-effectiveness highlight the practical potential for compound 2d as a good alternative to known SDHI fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1 , Xuanwu District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1 , Xuanwu District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Taifeng Xiao
- Ningbo Customs District , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Song
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1 , Xuanwu District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Shengkun Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1 , Xuanwu District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Min D, Li F, Zhang X, Shu P, Cui X, Dong L, Ren C, Meng D, Li J. Effect of methyl salicylate in combination with 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality and decay caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3815-3822. [PMID: 29352462 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postharvest diseases result in major losses in fruits. Tomato is susceptible to postharvest rot caused by Botrytis cinerea and is regarded as a good model system to study postharvest disease and quality deterioration in fruit. To develop a safe and effective technique to alleviate disease and maintain fruit quality, the effects of methyl salicylate (MeSA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) either separately or combined on quality and gray mold caused by B. cinerea in tomato fruit were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that application of MeSA (0.05 mmol L-1 ) delayed fruit ripening and reduced gray mold. Compared with MeSA treatment, 1-MCP (0.5 µL L-1 ) effectively delayed fruit ripening. Further, MeSA combined with 1-MCP treatment was more effective in inhibiting fungal decay during storage than MeSA treatment alone. The combined treatment not only enhanced pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) expression, activities of defense enzymes and total phenolic content but also inhibited the increase in electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. The combined treatment was also more effective in retaining firmness, color change and titratable acidity content than MeSA treatment alone. CONCLUSION MeSA combined with 1-MCP treatment was a useful technique to maintain quality and alleviate gray mold in postharvest tomato fruit during storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Min
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Fujun Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Shu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xixi Cui
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chuntao Ren
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Demei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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109
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He L, Cui K, Song Y, Mu W, Liu F. High-Efficiency Control of Gray Mold by the Novel SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Combined with a Reasonable Application Approach of Dipping Flower. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6692-6698. [PMID: 29889512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr was found to have strong inhibitory activity against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The sensitivity of B. cinerea to benzovindiflupyr was determined by testing 103 pathogen isolates with mean values of 2.15 ± 0.19 mg L-1 and 0.89 ± 0.14 mg L-1 for mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, benzovindiflupyr had excellent long-lasting protective activity. Unfortunately, there were positive correlations between benzovindiflupyr and boscalid ( r = 0.3, P = 0.04) and between benzovindiflupyr and isopyrazam ( r = 0.31, P = 0.04). In the field, cucumber flowers are susceptible to infection by B. cinerea. Benzovindiflupyr applied at 20 mg L-1 by dipping flowers could successfully control cucumber gray mold, with the benzovindiflupyr dose of dipping flower application less than 1% of that of spraying application. Benzovindiflupyr combined with dipping flower application showed significant control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , 61 Daizong Street , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kaidi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , 61 Daizong Street , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , 61 Daizong Street , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , 61 Daizong Street , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , 61 Daizong Street , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
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110
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Xu H, Chen T, Huang L, Shen Q, Lian Z, Shi Y, Ouyang MA, Song L. Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Lansiumamide A and B and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071499. [PMID: 29933580 PMCID: PMC6099640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A efficient 2-step protocol has been applied for the synthesis of Lansiumamide B (N-methyl-N-cis-styryl-cinnamamide, 2) derivatives by various substitution on the amide nitrogen with alkyl, allyl, propargyl, benzyl or ester groups. The structures of nine new compounds were characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. These compounds were tested in vitro against 10 strains of phytopathogenic fungi and showed a wide antifungal spectrum. The relationship between different substituents on the amide nitrogen and antifungal activity of Lansiumamide B derivatives were compared and analyzed. The result indicates that the length and steric hindrance of N-substitution have a significant impact on biological activities. It is noteworthy that the methyl or ethyl substituent on the amide nitrogen is critical for the antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Luanbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qiuju Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zengwei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ming-An Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Xu D, Yu G, Xi P, Kong X, Wang Q, Gao L, Jiang Z. Synergistic Effects of Resveratrol and Pyrimethanil against Botrytis cinerea on Grape. Molecules 2018; 23:E1455. [PMID: 29914082 PMCID: PMC6099729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the pathogen of gray mold disease affecting a wide range of plant hosts, with consequential economic losses worldwide. The increased frequency of fungicide resistance of the pathogen challenges its disease management, and thus the development of alternative control strategies are urgently required. In this study, we showed excellent synergistic interactions between resveratrol and pyrimethanil. Significant synergistic values were recorded by the two-drug combination on the suppression of mycelial growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea. The combination of resveratrol and pyrimethanil caused malformation of mycelia. Moreover, the inoculation assay was conducted on table grape and consistent synergistic suppression of the two-drug combination was found in vivo. Our findings first revealed that the combination of resveratrol and pyrimethanil has synergistic effects against resistant B. cinerea and support the potential use of resveratrol as a promising adjuvant on the control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lingwang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Kahramanoğlu İ, Aktaş M, Gündüz Ş. Effects of fludioxonil, propolis and black seed oil application on the postharvest quality of "Wonderful" pomegranate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198411. [PMID: 29852011 PMCID: PMC5979016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit consumption has increased rapidly throughout the world, mainly because of its medical and nutritive attributes. Thus, considerable commercial and scientific interest exists in prolonging its postharvest life with non-chemical applications as much as possible to meet the year-round demand for this fruit. The present work aimed to study the effects of black seed oil (0.1% and 0.5%), propolis (0.01% and 0.1%) and fludioxonil (0.06%), with and without modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), on the postharvest quality of pomegranate cv. Wonderful. Treated fruits were stored at 6.5±1 °C and 90-95% relative humidity for 150 days. The results indicated that both black seed oil and propolis treatments significantly influenced the maintenance of fruit weight and quality. At 150 days after storage, the fruit weight loss of the samples treated with MAP + 0.5% black seed oil, MAP + 0.1% propolis and MAP alone were found to be 5.5%, 6.3%, and 9.1%, respectively, whereas the weight loss of the untreated control fruits was 19.8%. Application of either 0.5% black seed oil or 0.1% propolis, especially when combined with MAP, was also effective in controlling gray mold development and slowing the occurrence of chilling injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Kahramanoğlu
- Department of Horticultural Production and Marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aktaş
- Department of Horticultural Production and Marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
| | - Şerife Gündüz
- Institute of Education, Near East University, Lefkosa, Northern Cyprus via Mersin, Turkey
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113
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Frey ME, D'Ippolito S, Pepe A, Daleo GR, Guevara MG. Transgenic expression of plant-specific insert of potato aspartic proteases (StAP-PSI) confers enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 2018; 149:1-11. [PMID: 29428248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific insert of Solanum tuberosum aspartic proteases (StAP-PSI) has high structural similarity with NK-lysin and granulysin, two saposin-like proteins (SAPLIPs) with antimicrobial activity. Recombinant StAP-PSI and some SAPLIPs show antimicrobial activity against pathogens that affect human and plants. In this work, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants with StAP-PSI encoding sequence with its corresponding signal peptide under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Results obtained show that StAP-PSI significantly enhances Arabidopsis resistance against Botrytis cinerea infection. StAP-PSI is secreted into the leaf apoplast and acts directly against pathogens; thereby complementing plant innate immune responses. Data obtained from real-time PCR assays show that the constitutive expression of StAP-PSI induces the expression of genes that regulate jasmonic acid signalling pathway, such as PDF1.2, in response to infection due to necrotrophic pathogens. On the other hand, according to the data described for other antimicrobial peptides, the presence of the StAP-PSI protein in the apoplast of A. thaliana leaves is responsible for the expression of salicylic acid-associated genes, such as PR-1, irrespective of infection with B. cinerea. These results indicate that the increased resistance demonstrated by A. thaliana plants that constitutively express StAP-PSI owing to B. cinerea infection compared to the wild-type plants is a consequence of two factors, i.e., the antifungal activity of StAP-PSI and the overexpression of A. thaliana defense genes induced by the constitutive expression of StAP-PSI. We suggest that the use of this protein would help in minimizing the ecological and health risks that arise from the use of pesticides. We suggest that the use of this protein would help in minimizing the ecological and health risks that arise from the spreading of resistance of agriculturally important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Frey
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Argentina
| | - Sebastián D'Ippolito
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Argentina
| | - Alfonso Pepe
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Argentina
| | - Gustavo Raúl Daleo
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Guevara
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Argentina.
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114
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Abstract
Botrytis fragariae was recently described causing gray mold of strawberry in Germany and the United States. The goal of the present study was to determine its prevalence, distribution, and sensitivity to fungicides in strawberry fields of five states. In total, 188 Botrytis isolates were obtained from flowers and fruit collected from the states of Maryland (n = 35), Virginia (n = 38), North Carolina (n = 46), South Carolina (n = 41), and Georgia (n = 28). Only 13 of these were fruit samples and came from South Carolina (n = 5) and Georgia (n = 8). B. fragariae made up 35.1% of the entire collection, and composed close to half of the Botrytis population in North Carolina (43.4%), South Carolina (61.0%), and Georgia (42.9%). One isolate of B. mali was also found, and the rest of the isolates were B. cinerea (sensu lato). B. fragariae and B. cinerea were found coexisting in 11 fields, while other field samples consisted of only B. fragariae (n = 3) or only B. cinerea (n = 10) isolates. B. fragariae isolates with resistance to one or more fungicides were found, and resistance profiles differed from those of B. cinerea, in that no resistance to cyprodinil (FRAC 8) or boscalid and other FRAC 7 botryticides was detected. We detected B. fragariae resistance to the active ingredients thiophanate-methyl, iprodione, fludioxonil, and fenhexamid. We also detected B. fragariae isolates with resistance to up to four chemical classes of fungicides, though most isolates were resistant to one or two chemical classes. In conclusion, isolates of the newly detected species B. fragariae were commonly found on strawberry flowers in the Mid-Atlantic United States, and have developed resistance to many of the most commonly used botryticides. Though the relevance of this species to pre- and postharvest fruit infections is unknown, fludioxonil applications may give this species a competitive advantage over B. cinerea. Controlling this fungus with FRAC 7 fungicides may be an effective way of limiting its spread in strawberry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Dowling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Meng-Jun Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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115
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Sang C, Ren W, Wang J, Xu H, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Chen C, Wang K. Detection and fitness comparison of target-based highly fludioxonil-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea from strawberry and cucumber in China. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 147:110-118. [PMID: 29933980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea has a high risk of developing resistance to fungicides. Fludioxonil, belonging to phenylpyrroles, has been used for more than three decades, however, only few cases of field resistance against phenylpyrroles have been reported. In this study, the highly fludioxonil-resistant (HR) isolates of Botrytis cinerea were firstly detected in the commercial greenhouses of strawberry in China in 2015, and biochemical characterization differences in high fludioxonil-resistance from strawberry and cucumber were compared. All of the five HR isolates from greenhouses of strawberry and cucumber could grow on PDA amended with 100 μg/mL fludioxonil, and exhibited a positive correlation between the resistance of dicarboximide fungicides and fludioxonil. Sporulation and sclerotium production of the strawberry-originated HR isolates were increased in comparison with the cucumber-originated HR isolates. No matter how the HR isolates were from strawberry and cucumber, all the HR isolates showed enhanced sensitivity to the osmotic agents, but with significant difference. Based on sequence alignment of the BcOS1 which codes protein bound by fludioxonil, two genotypes of the strawberry-originated HR isolates were observed, i.e., (F127S + I365N + S426P) and (G538R + A1259T), which were totally different from those of the cucumber-originated HR isolates. Molecular docking of fludioxonil to the binding site of BcOS1 protein from the five HR isolates illustrated that all the HR isolates had less affinity than the sensitive isolates. Our data indicated that genotypes of the HR isolates match the corresponding fludioxonil-selection pressure on the field populations of B. cinerea in the commercial greenhouses of the two host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Sang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China..
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Science in Coastal Region, Yancheng 224000, China.
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116
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Porsche FM, Molitor D, Beyer M, Charton S, André C, Kollar A. Antifungal Activity of Saponins from the Fruit Pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea. Plant Dis 2018; 102:991-1000. [PMID: 30673376 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-17-0906-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of an aqueous extract (AE) and the solid fraction of a chloroform-methanol fruit pericarp extract (CME) of Sapindus mukorossi resolved in water was tested for the first time against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea-two important fungal pathogens worldwide. In the greenhouse, a CME (1% vol/vol) spray significantly reduced V. inaequalis symptoms and sporulation (99%) on apple seedling leaves (P ≤ 0.05). In field trials, applications of AE (1% vol/vol) reduced the disease severity of B. cinerea on grape, on average, by 63%. Extracts were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the bioefficacy of the fractions was tested in vitro. Some components of the most fungicidal fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as saponins: sapindoside B (accounting for ≥98% of the total constituents), hederagenin-pentosylhexoside, and oleanolic acid-hexosyl-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside. This fraction inhibited the mycelial growth of V. inaequalis and B. cinerea by 45 and 43%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Porsche
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Molitor
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Charton
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christelle André
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Kollar
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture
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117
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Abstract
The ascomycete plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects more than 1,400 plant species worldwide. Stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens are of close relevance to disease management. In the present study, stimulatory effects of carbendazim on the virulence of B. cinerea to cucumber plants were investigated. Spraying carbendazim on cucumber plants at 3 to 200 μg/ml had stimulatory effects on the virulence of carbendazim-resistant isolates of B. cinerea and the maximum percent stimulations were 16.7 and 13.5% for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. Preconditioned mycelia (i.e., mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar [PDA] amended with carbendazim at concentrations of 10, 50, or 200 μg/ml) also showed increased virulence, and the maximum percent stimulations for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491 were 7.9 and 9.5%, respectively. Compared with mycelia grown on PDA without carbendazim, virulence stimulation magnitudes of spraying carbendazim on leaves increased moderately but the concentrations of carbendazim that elicited the maximum stimulation increased 20- and 8-fold for preconditioned isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. The time course of infection indicated that virulence stimulation was mediated by a direct stimulation mechanism. Studies of the physiological mechanism for stimulation demonstrated that carbendazim had no significant effects on tolerance to hydrogen peroxide, or on oxalic acid production in B. cinerea. These studies will deepen our understanding of quantitative features of hormetic effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Cong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shun He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongju Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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118
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Abstract
Biotransformation of 6-methylthiochroman-4-one (1) and 6-chlorothiochroman-4-one (2) was performed using Trichoderma viride in order to obtain new derivatives with antifungal properties against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Two thiochromanone derivatives are described for the first time. Antifungal activity of these compounds was tested against two different strains of Botrytis cinerea; 1 and 2 gave 100% inhibition of Bc2100 at 100-250 μg/mL, and 3 gave a maximal inhibition of 96% of BcUCA992 at 200 μg/mL. The detoxification mechanism of 1 and 2 by B. cinerea was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinedo-Rivilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Cádiz , Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isidro G Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Cádiz , Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Josefina Aleu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Cádiz , Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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119
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Bellée A, Cluzet S, Dufour MC, Mérillon JM, Corio-Costet MF. Comparison of the Impact of Two Molecules on Plant Defense and on Efficacy against Botrytis cinerea in the Vineyard: A Plant Defense Inducer (Benzothiadiazole) and a Fungicide (Pyrimethanil). J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:3338-3350. [PMID: 29557656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is subject to diseases that affect yield and wine quality caused by various pathogens including Botrytis cinerea. To limit the use of fungicides, an alternative is to use plant elicitors such as benzothiadiazole (BTH). We investigated the effect of a fungicide (Pyrimethanil) and an elicitor (benzothiadiazole) on plant defenses. Applications for two consecutive years in the vineyard significantly reduced gray mold. Two and seven days after treatments, the expressions of 48 genes involved in defenses showed differential modulation (up- or down-regulation) depending on treatment. Some genes were identified as potential markers of protection and were linked to an increase in total polyphenols (TP) in leaves. Surprisingly, the fungicide also induced the expression of defense genes and increased the polyphenol content. This suggests that BTH acts as an efficient elicitor in the vineyard and that Pyrimethanil may act, in part, as a defense-inducing agent on the vine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bellée
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, CS 50008 , Université de Bordeaux , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Marie-Cécile Dufour
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, CS 50008 , Université de Bordeaux , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Marie-France Corio-Costet
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
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Cai N, Liu C, Feng Z, Li X, Qi Z, Ji M, Qin P, Ahmed W, Cui Z. Design, Synthesis, and SAR of Novel 2-Glycinamide Cyclohexyl Sulfonamide Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040740. [PMID: 29570637 PMCID: PMC6017058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxocyclohexyl sulfonamide (chesulfamide) is in the limelight as a novel fungicide, and has fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea. For exploring more novel structures, 33 new compounds were synthesized by N-alkylation and acid–amine coupling reactions with chesulfamide as the core moiety, and their structures were characterized and established by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The structure of (1R,2S)-2-(2-(N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl)sulfamoyl)-cyclohexylamino)-N-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) acetamide (II-19) was defined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The in vivo and in vitro fungicidal activities against B. cinerea were evaluated. The bioassay results of mycelial growth demonstrated that most compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against B. cinerea at 50 μg mL−1, and 7 compounds showed lower EC50 values than boscalid (EC50 = 4.46 μg mL−1) against B. cinerea (CY-09). In cucumber pot experiment, the inhibitory rates of four compounds (II-4, II-5, II-12, and II-13) against B. cinerea were 90.48, 93.45, 92.86, and 91.07, which were better than cyprodinil (88.69%), the best performing of all controls. In tomato pot experiment, the control efficacy of two analogs (II-8 and II-15) were 87.98 and 87.97% at 200 μg mL−1, which were significantly higher than boscalid (78.10%). Most compounds have an excellent fungicidal effect on B. cinerea, with potential as a lead compound for developing new pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Caixiu Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhiqiu Qi
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingshan Ji
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Peiwen Qin
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wasim Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zining Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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121
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Polat İ, Baysal Ö, Mercati F, Gümrükcü E, Sülü G, Kitapcı A, Araniti F, Carimi F. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates collected on pepper in Southern Turkey by using molecular markers, fungicide resistance genes and virulence assay. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 60:151-159. [PMID: 29505818 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a polyphagous fungal pathogen causing gray mold disease. Moreover, it is one of the most destructive infections of small fruit crops such as pepper (Capsicum annnum L.). C. sativum is a species belonging to the Solanaceae family and Turkey is one of the main producers in the World. In the present work, aiming to obtain information useful for pest management, fifty B. cinerea isolates collected from Turkey and a reference isolate (B05.10) were characterized using molecular markers and fungicide resistance genes. Morphological and molecular (ITS1-ITS4) identification of B. cinerea isolates, the degree of virulence and mating types were determined. Since one or several allelic mutations in the histidine kinase (Bos1) and β-tubulin genes generally confer the resistance to fungicides, the sequences of these target genes were investigated in the selected isolates, which allowed the identification of two different haplotypes. Mating types were also determined by PCR assays using primer specific for MAT1-1 alpha gene (MAT1-1-1) and MAT1-2 HMG (MAT1-2-1) of B. cinerea. Twenty-two out of 50 isolates (44%) were MAT1-2, while 38% were MAT1-1. Interestingly, out of whole studied samples, 9 isolates (18%) were heterokaryotic or mixed colonies. In addition, cluster and population structure analyses identified five main groups and two genetic pools, respectively, underlining a good level of variability in the analysed panel. The results highlighted the presence of remarkable genetic diversity in B. cinerea isolates collected in a crucial economical area for pepper cultivation in Turkey and the data will be beneficial in view of future gray mold disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Polat
- Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ömür Baysal
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Emine Gümrükcü
- Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Görkem Sülü
- Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aytül Kitapcı
- Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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Rotolo C, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Dongiovanni C, Pollastro S, Fumarola G, Di Carolo M, Perrelli D, Natale P, Faretra F. Use of biocontrol agents and botanicals in integrated management of Botrytis cinerea in table grape vineyards. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:715-725. [PMID: 29044981 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the use of biological control agents (BCAs) and botanicals (BOTs) due to increasing awareness of the environmental and human health risks associated with synthetic plant protection products. The BCAs Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 and Aureobasidium pullulans strains DSM14940 and DSM14941, and the BOTs Melaleuca alternifolia and terpenic extracts are proposed for the control of grey mould in vineyards. This study was aimed at evaluating their effectiveness in integrated crop management strategies and their outcomes in terms of the management of fungicide resistance and residues. RESULTS In field trials carried out on table grapes in southern Italy, use of BCAs or BOTs alternately or mixtures of BCAs or BOTs with the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide fluopyram showed efficacy of up to 96% against grey mould on bunches, comparable with the chemical reference strategy (up to 87%). By contrast, use of BCAs or BOTs (up to 11 sprays) alone was not effective (< 30%) under high disease pressure. The integrated use of BCAs or BOTs reduced the spread of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor-resistant conidia, as well as fungicide residues in grapes. CONCLUSIONS Spray schedules based on integration of BCAs or BOTs with fungicides are effective against grey mould and reduce the risk of fungicide resistance in B. cinerea and fungicide residues in grapes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Rotolo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Crescenza Dongiovanni
- Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Fumarola
- Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Di Carolo
- Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Perrelli
- Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Natale
- Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Zhu Y, Liang X, Li Y, Duan Y, Zheng Z, Wang J, Zhou M. F240 of β 2-Tubulin Explains why Fusarium graminearum is Less Sensitive to Carbendazim than Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathology 2018; 108:352-361. [PMID: 29063820 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-17-0295-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Tubulin is the target of benzimidazole fungicides, the most widely used of which is carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate [MBC]). MBC sensitivity is determined by the differential affinity of MBC for β-tubulins. However, the mechanism of less sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to MBC compared with other fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, remains exclusive. Alignment of β-tubulin amino acid sequences showed that position 240 of β-tubulins is leucine (L) in most pathogenic fungi but is phenylalanine (F) in the Fgβ2-tubulin of the F. graminearum wild type. The effective concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (EC50) value of MBC against the Fgβ2F240L mutant of F. graminearum is 0.047 μg/ml, which was 10-fold lower than that of wild-type strain 2021. Moreover, The EC50 value of MBC against the BcβL"240"F (actually position 232) mutant of Botrytis cinerea was 0.44 μg/ml, which was ninefold higher than that of B. cinerea wild-type strain Bt4-1. In response to MBC treatment (0.15 μg/ml), microtubules were clearly visible in Fgβ2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) but not in Fgβ2F240L-EGFP. Moreover, a molecular docking assay indicated that F240L mutation created a pi-pi interaction between Fgβ2-tubulin and MBC and increased the binding affinity of Fgβ2-tubulin to MBC. Our results suggest that F240 is responsible for the naturally less MBC sensitivity in F. graminearum compared with B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, and S. sclerotiorum by decreasing the binding affinity between Fgβ2-tubulin and MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanye Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhitian Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Amiri A, Zuniga AI, Peres NA. Prevalence of Botrytis Cryptic Species in Strawberry Nursery Transplants and Strawberry and Blueberry Commercial Fields in the Eastern United States. Plant Dis 2018; 102:398-404. [PMID: 30673521 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1065-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis isolates from strawberry transplants originating from Canada and the northern United States as well as isolates collected from strawberry and blueberry commercial fields in the southeastern United States were investigated for the frequency of Botrytis cinerea, other cryptic Botrytis spp. reported recently, and the transposable elements (TE) using six genetic markers. B. cinerea sensu stricto was predominant (94%) in strawberry and blueberry in all surveyed regions. Botrytis group S, a newly reported clade on strawberry from Germany, was found at low frequencies (6%) in strawberry in the United States and Canada and on blueberry isolates from Florida. Neither B. caroliniana nor B. pseudocinerea were detected in the U.S. or Canadian populations. Transposa isolates containing the TE boty and flipper accounted for 74% of 410 isolates studied herein. Isolates containing boty only or flipper only elements were found at 21 and 2%, respectively. However, boty isolates were predominant in the blueberry population with more than 50%. The TE were found in B. cinerea and Botrytis group S at similar frequencies, except that flipper was more frequent (10.7%) in Botrytis group S, compared with 1.6% in B. cinerea. The sensitivity of 256 Botrytis isolates from the different genetic groups described above was evaluated to seven fungicides registered to control gray mold in commercial fields. Results indicate that B. cinerea and transposa isolates have higher resistance frequencies to almost all fungicides tested compared with the other Botrytis genotypes or species, whereas the TE flipper may be related to resistance to fludioxonil. Similarities observed between nursery and commercial field populations and their impact on gray mold development and management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achour Amiri
- Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee 98801
| | - Adrian I Zuniga
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma 33598
| | - Natalia A Peres
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma 33598
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125
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Young DH, Wang NX, Meyer ST, Avila‐Adame C. Characterization of the mechanism of action of the fungicide fenpicoxamid and its metabolite UK-2A. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:489-498. [PMID: 28960782 PMCID: PMC5813142 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenpicoxamid is a new fungicide for control of Zymoseptoria tritici, and is a derivative of the natural product UK-2A. Its mode of action and target site interactions have been investigated. RESULTS UK-2A strongly inhibited cytochrome c reductase, whereas fenpicoxamid was much less active, consistent with UK-2A being the fungicidally active species generated from fenpicoxamid by metabolism. Both compounds caused rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in Z. tritici spores. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, amino acid substitutions N31K, G37C and L198F at the Qi quinone binding site of cytochrome b reduced sensitivity to fenpicoxamid, UK-2A and antimycin A. Activity of fenpicoxamid was not reduced by the G143A exchange responsible for strobilurin resistance. A docking pose for UK-2A at the Qi site overlaid that of antimycin A. Activity towards Botrytis cinerea was potentiated by salicylhydroxamic acid, showing an ability of alternative respiration to mitigate activity. Fungitoxicity assays against Z. tritici field isolates showed no cross-resistance to strobilurin, azole or benzimidazole fungicides. CONCLUSION Fenpicoxamid is a Qi inhibitor fungicide that provides a new mode of action for Z. tritici control. Mutational and modeling studies suggest that the active species UK-2A binds at the Qi site in a similar, but not identical, fashion to antimycin A. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick X Wang
- Dow AgroSciencesDiscovery ResearchIndianapolisINUSA
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Gao P, Qin J, Li D, Zhou S. Inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of a Pseudomonas strain QBA5 against gray mold on tomato leaves and fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190932. [PMID: 29320571 PMCID: PMC5761960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease on various hosts, which results in serious economic losses. Over the past several decades, many kinds of fungicides have been used to successfully control the disease. Meanwhile, the uses of fungicides lead to environmental pollution as well as a potential threat to the human health by the chemical residues in tomato fruit. Also, the gray mold disease is difficult to control with fungicides. Therefore, exploring alternative measures such as biological controls could be the best choice to control the disease and alleviate damages caused by fungicides. In this study, we isolated and identified a novel Pseudomonas strain termed as QBA5 from healthy tomato plant based on the morphological, biochemical characteristics and molecular detection. The antifungal activity assays revealed that, in the presence of QBA5, conidia germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of B. cinerea were significantly inhibited. Most importantly, QBA5 exerted a significant preventive effectiveness against gray mold on tomato fruits and plants. The possible mechanism of QBA5 involved in the inhibition of B. cinerea was investigated. It revealed that the conidia plasma membrane of B. cinerea was severely damaged by QBA5. Further, four different antifungal compounds in the supernatant of QBA5 were separated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). Overall, the data indicate that there is a considerable potential for QBA5 to reduce the damage caused by gray mold disease on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxing Qin
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Delong Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- The Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pests Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanyue Zhou
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- The Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pests Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang H, Yu P, Zhao J, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhu Y, Botella MA, Šamaj J, Li C, Lin J. Expression of tomato prosystemin gene in Arabidopsis reveals systemic translocation of its mRNA and confers necrotrophic fungal resistance. New Phytol 2018; 217:799-812. [PMID: 29105094 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemin (SYS), an octadecapeptide hormone processed from a 200-amino-acid precursor (prosystemin, PS), plays a central role in the systemic activation of defense genes in tomato in response to herbivore and pathogen attacks. However, whether PS mRNA is transferable and its role in systemic defense responses remain unknown. We created the transgenic tomato PS gene tagged with the green fluorescent protein (PS-GFP) using a shoot- or root-specific promoter, and the constitutive 35S promoter in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization of PS-/SYS-GFP was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and gene transcripts were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. In Arabidopsis, PS protein can be processed and SYS is secreted. Shoot-/root-specific expression of PS-GFP in Arabidopsis, and grafting experiments, revealed that the PS mRNA moves in a bi-directional manner. We also found that ectopic expression of PS improves Arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, consistent with substantial upregulation of the transcript levels of specific pathogen-responsive genes. Our results provide novel insights into the multifaceted mechanism of SYS signaling transport and its potential application in genetic engineering for increasing pathogen resistance across diverse plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Pengli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jiuhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06411, USA
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Malaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Biological Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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128
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Ibrahim M, Kaushik N, Sowemimo A, Chhipa H, Koekemoer T, van de Venter M, Odukoya OA. Antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:590-595. [PMID: 27937112 PMCID: PMC6130725 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5-7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91-250 μg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC50 was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2 h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL. RESULTS Fungal endophytes Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Syncephalastrum racemosum were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa. Isolated endophytic fungal strains and solvent extracts showed MIC value of 1000 μg/mL against tested pathogenic fungi in the dual culture and poisoning food assays. Methanol fraction of S. racemosum isolate showed the most effective antiproliferative activity with IC50 of 43.56 μg/mL. Minimal feeding deterrent activity against S. litura larvae was also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings showed that the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa harbor strains of endophytic fungi with promising health benefits, and suggest their antifungal and antiproliferative effects against pathogenic fungi and HeLa cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiat Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Abimbola Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Trevor Koekemoer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Olukemi A. Odukoya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
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129
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Ballari MS, Herrera Cano N, Lopez AG, Wunderlin DA, Feresín GE, Santiago AN. Green Synthesis of Potential Antifungal Agents: 2-Benzyl Substituted Thiobenzoazoles. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10325-10331. [PMID: 29099589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of benzyl-substituted thiobenzoazoles were synthesized by an environmentally friendly approach, to search for new antifungal agrochemicals. Compounds were prepared starting from 2-mercaptobenzoazoles, using KOH, benzyl halides, and water, resulting in a simple and ecological method. New antifungals were tested against a group of phytopathogenic fungi. Two compounds showed an interesting activity against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus spp.: 2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)benzo[d]thiazole, 3ac, and 2-((4-methylbenzyl)thio)benzo[d]thiazole, 3al. Thus, 3ac and 3al can be considered as broad spectrum antifungal agents. Furthermore, two new compounds, 2-((4-iodobenzyl)thio)benzo[d]thiazole, 3aj, and 2-(benzylthio)benzo[d]oxazole, 3ba, showed better inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum when compared to the commercial fungicide Captan. Thus, 3aj and 3ba can be considered reduced-spectrum antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Ballari
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natividad Herrera Cano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, CONICET , Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Abel Gerardo Lopez
- ICTA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- ICYTAC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Egly Feresín
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, CONICET , Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Ana Noemí Santiago
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria , 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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130
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Sun G, Wang H, Shi B, Shangguan N, Wang Y, Ma Q. Control efficiency and expressions of resistance genes in tomato plants treated with ε-poly-l-lysine against Botrytis cinerea. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 143:191-198. [PMID: 29183591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal properties and the induction of resistance by ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) were examined to reveal its potential in protecting tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea. As presented herein, ε-PL at 1200mg/L was found to have optimal in vitro antifungal activities, achieving an inhibition rate of 94.96%. In first-year field tests, ε-PL (1200mg/L) had a control effect of up to 79.07% against tomato grey mould. Similar results were obtained in the second year. In greenhouse experiments, ε-PL was observed to effectively reduce leaf infection, with an observed control rate at 89.22%. To define the molecular-genetic mechanisms, we compared the gene expression under four different conditions: sterile water sprayed plants (Control), Botrytis-infected plants (Inf), ε-PL-treated plants (ε-PL) and ε-PL-treated+infected plants (ε-PL+Inf). Quantitative PCR analysis at 36h after inoculation revealed that ε-PL+Inf plants exhibited significant expression and priming of several key Botrytis-induced genes in tomato. The results indicate that ε-PL promoted plant capacity of tomato to activate defense mechanisms upon pathogen attack. In total, these findings revealed that ε-PL should be an excellent biocontrol agent candidate that combined direct antifungal activity against B. cinerea and plant resistance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Nini Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Carrasco H, Robles-Kelly C, Rubio J, Olea AF, Martínez R, Silva-Moreno E. Antifungal Effect of Polygodial on Botrytis cinerea, a Fungal Pathogen Affecting Table Grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2251. [PMID: 29077000 PMCID: PMC5713221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of polygodial, a secondary metabolite extracted from Canelo, on mycelial growth of different Botrytis cinerea isolates has been evaluated. The results show that polygodial affects growth of normal and resistant isolates of B. cinerea with EC50 values ranging between 117 and 175 ppm. In addition, polygodial markedly decreases the germination of B. cinerea, i.e., after six hours of incubation the percentage of germination decreases from 92% (control) to 25% and 5% in the presence of 20 ppm and 80 ppm of polygodial, respectively. Morphological studies indicate that conidia treated with polygodial are smaller, with irregular membrane border, and a lot of cell debris, as compared to conidia in the control. The existence of polygodial-induced membrane damage was confirmed by SYTOX® Green uptake assay. Gene expression studies confirm that the effect of polygodial on B. cinerea is mainly attributed to inhibition of germination and appears at early stages of B. cinerea development. On the other hand, drimenol, a drimane with chemical structure quite similar to polygodial, inhibits the mycelial growth efficiently. Thus, both compounds inhibit mycelial growth by different mechanisms. The different antifungal activities of these compounds are discussed in terms of the electronic density on the double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Christian Robles-Kelly
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Rolando Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
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132
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Hu XR, Dai DJ, Wang HD, Zhang CQ. Rapid on-site evaluation of the development of resistance to quinone outside inhibitors in Botrytis cinerea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13861. [PMID: 29066786 PMCID: PMC5654771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, a typical "high-risk" pathogenic fungus that rapidly develops resistance to fungicides, affects more than 1,000 species of 586 plant genera native to most continents and causes great economic losses. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive assay of fungicide resistance development in B. cinerea populations is crucial for scientific management. In this study, we established a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for the monitoring and evaluation of the risk of development of B. cinerea resistance to QoI fungicides; the method uses two LAMP assays. The first assay detects G143A mutants of B. cinerea, which are highly resistance to QoI fungicides. BCbi143/144 introns in B. cinerea are then detected by the second assay. HNB acts as a visual LAMP reaction indicator. The optimum reaction conditions of the LAMP assays were 61 °C for 50 min, and the detection limit of the LAMP assays was 100 × 10-4 ng/μl. We directly pre-treated the field samples by using All-DNA-Fast-Out to extract DNA within ten minutes, then performed the LAMP assay to achieve one-step rapid detection. In conclusion, we established a rapid and sensitive LAMP assay system for resistance risk assessment and for monitoring QoI-resistance of B. cinerea in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- X R Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - D J Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin'an, 311300, China
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - H D Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin'an, 311300, China
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - C Q Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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133
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Zhang S, Li D, Song Z, Zang C, Zhang L, Song X, Li S. "Carbon Assimilation" Inspired Design and Divergent Synthesis of Drimane Meroterpenoid Mimics as Novel Fungicidal Leads. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9013-9021. [PMID: 28949528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With structural diversity and versatile biological properties, drimane meroterpenoids have drawn remarkable attention in drug development. The stagnant progress made in the structure optimization and SAR study of this kind of natural product for agrochemicals was mainly a result of inefficient construction. Compared with the reported challenging coupling reaction ("1 + 1" tactic), "carbon assimilation" was conceived and used for the rapid construction of drimanyl meroterpenoid mimics, in which the newly formed covalent bond was directly from the old one of the drimanyl subunit ("2 + 0" tactic), which features atom economy, step economy, and facile preparation. The accompanying introduction of versatile heterocycles and application of easily available feedstocks are beneficial for novel green agrochemical discovery, in view of economic efficiency and improvement of physicochemical properities. Heterocyclic mimics 3a and 3c are presented as potent fungicidal leads with novel skeletons against Botrytis cinerea, >25-fold and >40-fold more promising than the commercial fungicide carbendazim, respectively. Our design was also rationalized by the 6-step synthesis and antifungal assay of the original model of natural meroterpenoids. This tactic can also be fostered or transferred directly to the design of novel natural product mimics for medicinal chemistry or other related biological exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangdang Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Song
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Zang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiushi Song
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkun Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Weigang 1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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134
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Oliveira MS, Amiri A, Zuniga AI, Peres NA. Sources of Primary Inoculum of Botrytis cinerea and Their Impact on Fungicide Resistance Development in Commercial Strawberry Fields. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1761-1768. [PMID: 30676923 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-17-0203-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry transplants produced in nurseries across Canada, northern United States, and California are shipped annually to other strawberry-growing regions, including Florida. Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, causes latent infections on transplants which are suggested as a potential source of primary inoculum in strawberry fields. In this study, we investigated the survival of B. cinerea isolates over the summer in Florida, the presence of B. cinerea in transplants from 14 nurseries from Canada and the United States in 2011, 2012, and 2013, and the sensitivity of nursery population to several botryticides. Botrytis cinerea was detected on dead strawberry plants sampled from commercial strawberry fields between March and June but not in July and August, suggesting that the fungus does not over-summer in strawberry fields in Florida. Nursery transplants surveyed in 2011, 2012, and 2013 showed B. cinerea incidences of 20 to 37, 20 to 83, and 2.5 to 92.5%, respectively. In total, 409 isolates were tested for sensitivity to pyraclostrobin, boscalid, pyrimethanil, fenhexamid, iprodione, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, and fludioxonil. Overall, respective resistance frequencies were 91.7, 79.3, 33.2, 20.7, 2.4, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.0%. A majority of isolates tested were resistant to either 3 or 4 fungicides simultaneously. These findings reinforce the need for an integrated approach between strawberry nurseries and production fields to improve gray mold management and mitigate future risks of resistance development in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achour Amiri
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee 98801
| | - Adrian I Zuniga
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma 3598
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma 3598
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135
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Song S, Huang H, Wang J, Liu B, Qi T, Xie D. MYC5 is Involved in Jasmonate-Regulated Plant Growth, Leaf Senescence and Defense Responses. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1752-1763. [PMID: 29017003 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs), lipid-derived phytohormones, regulate plant growth, development and defenses against biotic stresses. CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 perceives bioactive JA and recruits JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the 26S proteasome, which de-represses JAZ-targeted transcription factors that regulate diverse JA responses. Recent studies showed that the Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC5 interacts with JAZs and regulates stamen development. However, whether MYC5 mediates other JA responses is unclear. Here, we show that MYC5 functions redundantly with MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 to modulate JA-regulated root growth inhibition and plant defenses against insect attack and pathogen infection, and that it positively regulates JA-induced leaf senescence. Our findings define MYC5 as an important regulator that is essential for diverse JA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tiancong Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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136
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Dowling ME, Hu MJ, Schnabel G. Identification and Characterization of Botrytis fragariae Isolates on Strawberry in the United States. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1769-1773. [PMID: 30676928 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0316-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold is a devastating disease on strawberry, and may be caused by several species of Botrytis. The goal of this study was to better understand and characterize the species of Botrytis with reduced sensitivity to the fungicide Polyoxin D, particularly Botrytis fragariae. In total, 78 Botrytis isolates of unknown species that were sensitive (28 isolates; S), moderately sensitive (22 isolates; MS), or reduced sensitive (28 isolates; RS) to Polyoxin-D were collected from commercial strawberry fields of five states in the United States, identified to the species level, and characterized. The majority (75%) of S isolates were Botrytis cinerea and the majority (79%) of RS isolates were the recently described species B. fragariae, indicating an innate ability of B. fragariae to tolerate Polyoxin-D. B. fragariae produced fluffy, white mycelium and was less likely to sporulate on potato dextrose agar than B. cinerea. Isolates from a commercial field recovered from blossoms in early spring were all B. fragariae, those from leaves of the same plants in late spring were a mixture of B. fragariae and B. cinerea, and those from fruit in early summer were all B. cinerea, indicating that B. fragariae may preferentially colonize blossom tissue. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay was developed based on NEP2 sequence variability to distinguish B. fragariae from other Botrytis spp. that have been reported on strawberry, including B. cinerea, B. mali, B. caroliniana, and B. ricini. None of the isolates collected from Canada, California, or North Carolina nurseries were B. fragariae, indicating that the newly described species may not exist or not be widely distributed in planting stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Dowling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Meng-Jun Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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137
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Robles-Kelly C, Rubio J, Thomas M, Sedán C, Martinez R, Olea AF, Carrasco H, Taborga L, Silva-Moreno E. Effect of drimenol and synthetic derivatives on growth and germination of Botrytis cinerea: Evaluation of possible mechanism of action. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 141:50-56. [PMID: 28911740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of Drimenol (1) and its synthetic derivatives, nordrimenone (2), drimenyl acetate (3), and drimenyl-epoxy-acetate (4), and to establish a possible mechanism of action for drimenol. For that, the effect of each compound on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was assessed. Our results showed that compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 are able to affect Botrytis cinerea growth with EC50 values of 80, 92, 80 and 314ppm, respectively. These values suggest that the activity of these compounds is mainly determined by presence of the double bond between carbons 7 and 8 of the drimane ring. In addition, germination of B. cinerea in presence of 40 and 80ppm of drimenol is reduced almost to a half of the control value. Finally, in order to elucidate a possible mechanism by which drimenol is affecting B. cinerea, the determination of membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species production and gene expression studies of specific genes were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Robles-Kelly
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Thomas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Claudia Sedán
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Rolando Martinez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
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138
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Sardella D, Gatt R, Valdramidis VP. Physiological effects and mode of action of ZnO nanoparticles against postharvest fungal contaminants. Food Res Int 2017; 101:274-279. [PMID: 28941694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concerns continue to be expressed about health hazards and environmental pollution resulting from the use of conventional fungicides for postharvest disease control. Nanoparticles represent an alternative solution for postharvest disease management. The objective of this work was to assess the physiological effects and the antifungal efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against a number of fungal contaminants. The efficacy of ZnO NPs was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed against: Penicillium expansum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer. Mycelium growth diameters were measured onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates loaded with different ZnO NPs concentrations (from 0mM to 15mM). Hereafter, the rate of the fungal diameter increase was quantified by linear regression modelling. Microscopic analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of agar plugs excised from plates with 0mM and 12mM ZnO. All the fungi were inhibited by ZnO NPs at concentrations higher than 6mM. SEM images showed clear morphological aberrations in the fungal structures of all the isolates grown in presence of ZnO. Additionally, knowing that the chelating agent EDTA sequesters metal ions, it was added to fungal inoculated PDA plates with ZnO to study the NPs' mode of action. Cultures where ZnO was mixed with EDTA showed a decrease in the antifungal effect of the nanoparticles. In conclusion, ZnO NPs are therefore a good candidate as an effective postharvest disease control antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sardella
- Department of Food Studies and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malta, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Ruben Gatt
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Vasilis P Valdramidis
- Department of Food Studies and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malta, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta.
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139
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Saavedra GM, Sanfuentes E, Figueroa PM, Figueroa CR. Independent Preharvest Applications of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan Elicit Differential Upregulation of Defense-Related Genes with Reduced Incidence of Gray Mold Decay during Postharvest Storage of Fragaria chiloensis Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1420. [PMID: 28671619 PMCID: PMC5535912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) fruit has interesting organoleptic properties, but its postharvest life is affected by gray mold decay caused by Botrytis cinerea. The effect of preharvest applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or chitosan on the molecular defense-related responses and protection against gray mold decay were investigated in Chilean strawberry fruit during postharvest storage. Specifically, we inoculated harvested fruit with B. cinerea spores and studied the expression of genes encoding for the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins β-1,3-glucanases (FcBG2-1, FcBG2-2 and FcBG2-3) and chitinases (FcCHI2-2 and FcCHI3-1), and for polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (FcPGIP1 and FcPGIP2) at 0, 2, 24, 48, and 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Remarkably, MeJA- and chitosan-treated fruit exhibited a lower incidence of B. cinerea infection than the control-treated at 48 and 72 hpi. At the molecular level, both are efficient elicitors for priming in F. chiloensis fruit since we observed an upregulation of the FcBG2-1, FcBG2-3, FcPGIP1, and FcPGIP2 at 0 hpi. Moreover, a chitosan-mediated upregulation of FcPGIPs at early times post inoculation (2-24 hpi) and MeJA upregulated FcBGs (24-72 hpi) and FcPGIP1 at later times could contribute to reduce B. cinerea incidence by differential upregulation of defense genes. We concluded that preharvest applications of MeJA or chitosan had a long-lasting effect on the reduction of B. cinerea incidence during postharvest as well as an enhancer effect on the induction of PR and PGIP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Saavedra
- Master Program in Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Eugenio Sanfuentes
- Forest Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Pablo M Figueroa
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
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140
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Zhang X, Min D, Li F, Ji N, Meng D, Li L. Synergistic Effects of l-Arginine and Methyl Salicylate on Alleviating Postharvest Disease Caused by Botrysis cinerea in Tomato Fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4890-4896. [PMID: 28535671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of l-arginine (Arg, 1 mM) and/or methyl salicylate (MeSA, 0.05 mM) treatment on gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit were studied. Results indicated that Arg or MeSA alleviated the incidence and severity of fruit disease caused by B. cinerea, and that both Arg and MeSA (Arg + MeSA) further inhibited the development of fruit decay. Treatment with Arg + MeSA not only enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase but also promoted the expression levels of pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene and the activities of defense-related enzymes of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase during most of the storage periods, which were associated with lower disease incidence and disease index. In addition, the combined treatment elevated the levels of total phenolics, polyamines, especially putrescine, and nitric oxide. These observations suggest that treatment of fruit with Arg + MeSA is an effective and promising way to alleviate postharvest decays on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dedong Min
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Ji
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology , Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Food Science, Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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141
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Rupp S, Plesken C, Rumsey S, Dowling M, Schnabel G, Weber RWS, Hahn M. Botrytis fragariae, a New Species Causing Gray Mold on Strawberries, Shows High Frequencies of Specific and Efflux-Based Fungicide Resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00269-17. [PMID: 28235878 PMCID: PMC5394320 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00269-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea causes pre- and postharvest decay of many fruit and vegetable crops. A survey of German strawberry fields revealed Botrytis strains that differed from B. cinerea in diagnostic PCR markers and growth appearance. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these strains belong to an undescribed species in Botrytis clade 2, named Botrytisfragariae sp. nov. Isolates of Bfragariae were detected in strawberry fields throughout Germany, sometimes at frequencies similar to those of B. cinerea, and in the southeastern United States. Bfragariae was isolated from overwintering strawberry tissue but not from freshly infected fruit. Bfragariae invaded strawberry tissues with an efficiency similar to or lower than that of B. cinerea but showed poor colonization of inoculated nonhost plant tissues. These data and the exclusive occurrence of this fungus on strawberry plants indicate that Bfragariae is host specific and has a tissue preference different from that of B. cinerea Various fungicide resistance patterns were observed in Bfragariae populations. Many Bfragariae strains showed resistance to one or several chemical classes of fungicides and an efflux-based multidrug resistance (MDR1) phenotype previously described in B. cinerea Resistance-related mutations in Bfragariae were identical or similar to those of B. cinerea for carbendazim (E198A mutation in tubA), azoxystrobin (G143A in cytB), iprodione (G367A+V368F in bos1), and MDR1 (gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factor mrr1 gene and overexpression of the drug efflux transporter gene atrB). The widespread occurrence of Bfragariae indicates that this species is adapted to fungicide-treated strawberry fields and may be of local importance as a gray mold pathogen alongside B. cinereaIMPORTANCE Gray mold is the most important fruit rot on strawberries worldwide and requires fungicide treatments for control. For a long time, it was believed to be caused only by Botrytis cinerea, a ubiquitous pathogen with a broad host range that quickly develops fungicide resistance. We report the discovery and description of a new species, named Botrytisfragariae, that is widely distributed in commercial strawberry fields in Germany and the southeastern United States. It was observed on overwintering tissue but not on freshly infected fruit and seems host specific on the basis of its occurrence and artificial infection tests. Bfragariae has also developed resistance to several fungicides that is caused by mutations similar to those known in B. cinerea, including an efflux-based multidrug resistance. Our data indicate that Bfragariae could be of practical importance as a strawberry pathogen in some regions where its abundance is similar to that of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rupp
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Cecilia Plesken
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Rumsey
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Madeline Dowling
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roland W S Weber
- Esteburg Fruit Research and Advisory Centre, Jork, Germany
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Årslev, Denmark
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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142
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Parafati L, Cirvilleri G, Restuccia C, Wisniewski M. Potential Role of Exoglucanase Genes (WaEXG1 and WaEXG2) in the Biocontrol Activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:876-884. [PMID: 27816988 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of yeasts, including Wickerhamomyces anomalus, as biocontrol agents of fungi responsible for postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables has been investigated for the past two decades. Among a variety of mechanisms, the production of glucanases coded by the "killer genes" WaEXG1 and WaEXG2 have been reported to play a role in the ability of yeast to inhibit other fungi. The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of these genes by RT-qPCR, utilizing gene-specific primers, when W. anomalus was grown on grape berries and oranges that were either non-inoculated or inoculated with Botrytis cinerea or Penicillium digitatum, or in minimal media supplemented with cell walls of various plant pathogens and different amounts of glucose. Results indicated that WaEXG2 was more responsive than WaEXG1 to the nutritional environment (including the addition of glucose to cell wall-amended media) in vitro and appeared to play a greater role in the cellular metabolism of W. anomalus. WaEXG2 expression also appeared to be more responsive to the presence of cell walls of P. digitatum and B. cinerea than other fungal species, whereas the same level of induction was not seen in vivo when the yeast was grown in wounded/pathogen-inoculated fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Parafati
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cirvilleri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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143
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Walker AS, Ravigne V, Rieux A, Ali S, Carpentier F, Fournier E. Fungal adaptation to contemporary fungicide applications: the case of Botrytis cinerea populations from Champagne vineyards (France). Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1919-1935. [PMID: 28231406 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being one of the most acute problems impeding chemical control of fungal diseases, the evolution of fungicide resistance is an emblematic case of local adaptation to spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable selection pressures. Here we dissected the adaptation of Botrytis cinerea (the causal agent of grey mould) populations on grapes to several fungicides. We carried out a 2-year survey (four collection dates) on three treated/untreated pairs of plots from vineyards in Champagne (France) and monitored the frequency of four resistant phenotypes that are unambiguously associated with four distinct genotypes. For two loci under selection by currently used fungicides (MDR1 and MDR2), the frequencies of resistant mutations at vintage were greater in treated plots compared to untreated plots, showing that the effect of selection is detectable even at the plot scale. This effect was not detectable for two other loci under selection by previously used fungicides (BenR1 and ImiR1). We also found that treatment with currently used fungicides reduced B. cinerea effective population size, leading to a significant decrease in genic diversity and allelic richness in treated vs. untreated plots. We further highlight that even under ample drift and migration, fungal populations can present an efficient response to selection. Finally, for the four studied loci, the costs of fungicide resistance were estimated by modelling the decrease in the frequency of resistant mutations in the absence of treatment. We discuss the importance of these estimates for defining strategies for limiting or counteracting the local adaptation of pests to fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Walker
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - V Ravigne
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410, Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - A Rieux
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410, Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - S Ali
- UMR BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, TA A 54/K, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - F Carpentier
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - E Fournier
- UMR BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, TA A 54/K, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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144
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Jurick WM, Macarisin O, Gaskins VL, Park E, Yu J, Janisiewicz W, Peter KA. Characterization of Postharvest Fungicide-Resistant Botrytis cinerea Isolates From Commercially Stored Apple Fruit. Phytopathology 2017; 107:362-368. [PMID: 27841961 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-16-0250-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold and is an economically important postharvest pathogen of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals. Fludioxonil-sensitive B. cinerea isolates were collected in 2011 and 2013 from commercial storage in Pennsylvania. Eight isolates had values for effective concentrations for inhibiting 50% of mycelial growth of 0.0004 to 0.0038 μg/ml for fludioxonil and were dual resistant to pyrimethanil and thiabendazole. Resistance was generated in vitro, following exposure to a sublethal dose of fludioxonil, in seven of eight dual-resistant B. cinerea isolates. Three vigorously growing B. cinerea isolates with multiresistance to postharvest fungicides were further characterized and found to be osmosensitive and retained resistance in the absence of selection pressure. A representative multiresistant B. cinerea strain caused decay on apple fruit treated with postharvest fungicides, which confirmed the in vitro results. The R632I mutation in the Mrr1 gene, associated with fludioxonil resistance in B. cinerea, was not detected in multipostharvest fungicide-resistant B. cinerea isolates, suggesting that the fungus may be using additional mechanisms to mediate resistance. Results from this study show for the first time that B. cinerea with dual resistance to pyrimethanil and thiabendazole can also rapidly develop resistance to fludioxonil, which may pose control challenges in the packinghouse environment and during long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M Jurick
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Otilia Macarisin
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Verneta L Gaskins
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Eunhee Park
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Jiujiang Yu
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Wojciech Janisiewicz
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
| | - Kari A Peter
- First, second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; sixth author: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV; and seventh author: Penn State University, Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA
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145
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Liu CH, Chen XY, Qin PW, Qi ZQ, Ji MS, Liu XY, Babu PV, Li XH, Cui ZN. Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and Structure Activity Relationship of β-Acylaminocycloalkylsulfonamides against Botrytis cinerea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42096. [PMID: 28176837 PMCID: PMC5296765 DOI: 10.1038/srep42096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to discover new antifungal agrochemicals that could have highly active and novel motifs, thirty-six new 2-acylaminocycloalkylsulfonamides (IV) were synthesized. Their structures were characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. In vitro and in vivo activities against various Botrytis cinerea strains were evaluated. Bioassay results revealed that most of the title compounds exhibited excellent in vitro fungicidal activity, in which compound IV-26 showed the highest activity against sensitive, low-resistant, moderate-resistant and high-resistant strains of B. cinerea compared with the positive fungicide procymidone. Meanwhile in vivo fungicidal activity of compound IV-31 was better than the commercial fungicides procymidone and chesulfamide in greenhouse trial. The structure activity relationship (SAR) was also discussed and the results were of importance to the structural optimization and development of more potent sulfonamides antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Pei-Wen Qin
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Qiu Qi
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Shan Ji
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - P. Vijaya Babu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing-Hai Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zi-Ning Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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146
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Cohrs KC, Burbank J, Schumacher J. A new transformant selection system for the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea based on the expression of fenhexamid-insensitive ERG27 variants. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 100:42-51. [PMID: 28188884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea features a wide host range and causes severe economic losses, making it an important object for molecular research. Thus far, genetic modification of the fungus mainly is relied on two selection systems (nourseothricin and hygromycin), while other selection systems hold significant disadvantages. To broaden the spectrum of available molecular tools, a new selection system based on the cheap and widely used fungicide fenhexamid (hydroxyanilide group) was established. Fenhexamid specifically targets the 3-ketoreductase ERG27 from the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. We generated a set of expression vectors suitable for deletion or expression of genes of interest (GOIs) in B. cinerea based on fenhexamid-insensitive ERG27 variants. Expression of BcERG27F412I and Fusarium fujikuroi ERG27 in the sensitive B. cinerea strain B05.10 causes resistance towards fenhexamid (fenR) and allows for the selection of transformants and their genetic purification. A modified split-marker approach facilitates the site-specific integration and expression of GOIs at the bcerg27 locus. No undesired secondary phenotypes regarding virulence, stress responses, the formation of reproductive structures or conidial germination were observed in strains expressing fenhexamid-insensitive ERG27 variants. Thus, the fenR system represents a third reliable selection system for genetic modifications of fenhexamid-sensitive B. cinerea strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Christopher Cohrs
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48153 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Burbank
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48153 Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48153 Münster, Germany.
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147
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Kolton M, Graber ER, Tsehansky L, Elad Y, Cytryn E. Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere. New Phytol 2017; 213:1393-1404. [PMID: 27780299 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The 'biochar effect' depicts a phenomenon in which biochar soil amendment enhances plant performance by promoting growth and suppressing disease. Although this phenomenon has been observed in numerous studies, the mode of action that explains it is currently unknown. In order to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the 'biochar effect', we comprehensively monitored tomato plant development and resistance to the foliar fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, in biochar-amended and nonamended soils using native biochar and washed biochar, striped of labile chemical constituents. We concomitantly assessed bacterial community succession in the rhizosphere by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and carbon-source utilization profiling. Biochar had little impact on plant physiological parameters. However, both native and washed biochar treatments were characterized by higher rhizosphere bacterial diversity and enhanced carbohydrate and phenolic compound utilization rates coupled to stimulation of bacteria known to degrade phenolic compounds. This study indicates that the 'biochar effect' is at least partially dictated by increased diversity and changes in metabolic potential in the rhizosphere microbiome, which is primarily triggered by the recalcitrant carbon backbone of the biochar and tightly bound compounds. It corresponds to the growing consensus that soil amendments which enhance microbial diversity have important benefits to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kolton
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Ludmila Tsehansky
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
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148
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Qu T, Gao S, Li J, Hao JJ, Ji P. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-allylphenol derivatives against fungal plant pathogens. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 135:47-51. [PMID: 28043330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Allylphenol (2-AP) is an effective fungicide against a number of plant pathogens, which can be metabolized and bio-transformed to four chemical compounds by Rhizoctonia cerealis. To determine if its degradation affects antifungal activity, two major metabolites derived from 2-AP including 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol and 2-(3-hydroxypropyl) phenol were synthesized. Inhibition of mycelial growth of several plant pathogens by the metabolites was evaluated, and structures of two metabolites were determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Among these metabolites, only 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol inhibited test pathogens effectively. EC50 values of 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol for inhibition of mycelial growth of R. cerealis, Pythium aphanidermatum, Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea ranged from 1.0 to 23.5μg/ml, which were lower than the parental fungicide 2-AP that ranged from 8.2 to 48.8μg/ml. Hyphae of R. cerealis and P. aphanidermatum treated with 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol were twisted. Newly developed hyphae were slender, twisted and swollen on the tip, while old hyphae were hollow and ruptured. This is the first report indicating the formation of 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol may have contributed to toxicity of 2-allylphenol in control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Qu
- Chemistry and Pharmacy College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong 266109, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Shumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Seed and Plant Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Seed and Plant Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianjun J Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Pingsheng Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
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149
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Han XY, Li SB, Liang GC, Zhou G, Zhong YF, Qi H, Song YL, Qiao XQ. [Synthesis and antifungal activities of N-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-4-oxo-thiochroman-2-yl-formamide derivatives]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2017; 52:113-119. [PMID: 29911804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiochromanones and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as heterocyclic compounds have broad biological activities. In order to find novel compounds with antifungal bioactivity, substituted thiophenol and maleic anhydride were used to synthesize the intermediate 4-oxothiochromane-2-carboxylic acid. It was reacted with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole to get fourteen target compounds containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. All compounds were investigated for antifungal activity via microdilution broth method. The results showed that the target compounds 3a and 3c to Epidermophyton floccosum and Mucor racemosus exhibited better antifungal activity than the positive control fluconazole, in which the minimum inhibition concentration can reach 8 μg·mL−1 and 16 μg·mL−1. Compound 3e showed significant inhibitory activity to Helminthosporium maydis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea compared with that of the positive control carbendazim. Compound 3b exhibited inhibitory activity to Helminthosporium maydis better than the positive control carbendazim.
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150
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Van Kan JAL, Stassen JHM, Mosbach A, Van Der Lee TAJ, Faino L, Farmer AD, Papasotiriou DG, Zhou S, Seidl MF, Cottam E, Edel D, Hahn M, Schwartz DC, Dietrich RA, Widdison S, Scalliet G. A gapless genome sequence of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:75-89. [PMID: 26913498 PMCID: PMC6638203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Following earlier incomplete and fragmented versions of a genome sequence for the grey mould Botrytis cinerea, a gapless, near-finished genome sequence for B. cinerea strain B05.10 is reported. The assembly comprised 18 chromosomes and was confirmed by an optical map and a genetic map based on approximately 75 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. All chromosomes contained fully assembled centromeric regions, and 10 chromosomes had telomeres on both ends. The genetic map consisted of 4153 cM and a comparison of the genetic distances with the physical distances identified 40 recombination hotspots. The linkage map also identified two mutations, located in the previously described genes Bos1 and BcsdhB, that conferred resistance to the fungicides boscalid and iprodione. The genome was predicted to encode 11 701 proteins. RNAseq data from >20 different samples were used to validate and improve gene models. Manual curation of chromosome 1 revealed interesting features, such as the occurrence of a dicistronic transcript and fully overlapping genes in opposite orientations, as well as many spliced antisense transcripts. Manual curation also revealed that the untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes can be complex and long, with many UTRs exceeding lengths of 1 kb and possessing multiple introns. Community annotation is in progress.
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MESH Headings
- Base Pairing/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Botrytis/cytology
- Botrytis/drug effects
- Botrytis/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Fungal/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Fungal/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology
- Genes, Fungal
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Loci
- Genome, Fungal
- Meiosis/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Optogenetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- Proteomics
- Recombination, Genetic/drug effects
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. L. Van Kan
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University6708 PB, Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joost H. M. Stassen
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University6708 PB, Wageningenthe Netherlands
- Present address:
University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, S10 2TN SheffieldUK
| | - Andreas Mosbach
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Crop Protection ResearchCH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | | | - Luigi Faino
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University6708 PB, Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Farmer
- National Center for Genome ResourcesSanta FeNM87505, USA
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle ParkNC27709, USA
| | | | - Shiguo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetics and Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, UW Biotechnology CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University6708 PB, Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Cottam
- General Bioinformatics, Jealotts Hill International Research CentreBracknellBerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Dominique Edel
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Crop Protection ResearchCH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Faculty of BiologyTechnical University Kaiserslautern67653 KaiserslauternGermany
| | - David C. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetics and Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, UW Biotechnology CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI53706USA
| | | | - Stephanie Widdison
- General Bioinformatics, Jealotts Hill International Research CentreBracknellBerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Gabriel Scalliet
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Crop Protection ResearchCH‐4332SteinSwitzerland
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