1951
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Abstract
This study aimed to better understand how minor mental health problems (MMPs) are perceived by well-educated urban dwellers in China who are influenced by Western values. Urban China is a rapidly changing society in which traditional Chinese culture and Western thought coexist. As a result, the established processes of interdependent self-appraisal have been challenged and a sense of a bicultural self has developed among a growing proportion of the population. The fieldwork for this study included interviews and observations. The results are derived mainly from interviews with professional practitioners, students, and lay people from three urban sites. One of the main findings was that respondents who referred to traditional and collectivistic Chinese values tended not to label MMPs as psychiatric disorders or illnesses but as challenges in daily life and relationships strain. While the Western medical model of MMPs considers them a form of illness, they were not viewed in this way in traditional collectivistic China in the past, even among educated urban dwellers. However, the urban and educated Chinese who have developed a stronger sense of a bicultural self are now more likely to perceive and deal with MMPs from a Western viewpoint.
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1952
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Zhu Q, Su G, Nie L, Wang C, He Y, Liu X. Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts protect against retinal injury in a rat glaucoma model. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1513-1515. [PMID: 24926334 PMCID: PMC4043585 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a serious progressive degenerative disorder of the eye that leads to the continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells. Traditional Chinese medicine provides an important source for new drug screening and identification. The present study used Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) extracts to examine the potential neuroprotective effects for the eye in a rat model of experimental glaucoma. The results of the study indicated that Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts were unable to prevent intraocular pressure increase in the laser-induced glaucoma model, but the treatment did reduce cell loss during glaucoma progression. Therefore, the results provide the basis for the development of a novel therapeutic agent that exhibits neuroprotective effects against glaucoma. In the future, further studies are required to purify the extracts and determine the effective bioactive components of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Lili Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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1953
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Abstract
Paraplegia spasm is a kind of chronic disease which lacks effective treatment; the patients have to endure long-term pain, which is a tough problem for nursing practice. Lots of potential candidate medicines are under investigation, and a new Chinese herb formula is introduced in the current study. In the present study, we chose six different well-known Chinese herbs to form a formula, and boiled them into the water with an optimized ratio to make bath water; 80 paraplegic patients received this medicinal bath, and 80 patients received perfume water bath as placebo group. Compared with placebo control patients, the herb-treated patients have significant reduction in paraplegia spasm, visual analogue scale score, clinician global impression and sleep disorder. This novel six-combined formula traditional medicine could be beneficial for alleviating paraplegia spasm, but the underlying action mechanism deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese PLA, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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1954
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Yen MH, Lee JJ, Yeh CF, Wang KC, Chiang YW, Chiang LC, Chang JS. Yakammaoto inhibited human coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4)-induced airway and renal tubular injuries by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1056-1063. [PMID: 24361333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yakammaoto is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing nine ingredients, including Ephedra sinica, Pinellia ternate, Zingiber officinale, Tussilago farfara, Aster tataricus, Ziziphus jujube, Belamcanda chinensis, Asarum sieboldii, and Schisandra chinensis. Yakammaoto has been used against flu-like symptoms for more than two thousand years in China and Japan. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) causes not only flu-like symptoms but life-threatening diseases, such as pneumonia, acute kidney injury, and so forth with severe morbidity and mortality. There is no effective therapeutic modality against CVB4 infection. It is unknown whether yakammaoto is effective against CVB4 infection. We tested the hypothesis that yakammaoto can effectively inhibit CVB4-induced plaque formation in human airway and renal tubular cell lines by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fingerprint of yakammaoto was assessed by HPLC. Effects of yakammaoto on CVB4 infection were tested by plaque reduction assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Yakammaoto dose-dependently inhibited CVB4-induced plaque formation in HK-2, A549, and HEp-2 cells (p<0.0001). Yakammaoto was both effective when supplemented prior to and after viral inoculation (p<0.0001) by preventing viral attachment (p<0.0001), internalization (p<0.0001), and replication (p<0.0001). Yakammaoto could decrease NGAL secretion before cytolysis to protect against viral injury. CONCLUSIONS Yakammaoto had antiviral activity against CVB4-induced cellular injuries in airway mucosa and renal tubular epithelia by preventing viral attachment, internalization, and replication. The current study provides a basic support of its potential use against CVB4-induced airway and concomitant renal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong Yen
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia Feng Yeh
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chih Wang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ya Wen Chiang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Lien Chai Chiang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jung San Chang
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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1955
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Wan YG, Che XY, Sun W, Huang YR, Meng XJ, Chen HL, Shi XM, Tu Y, Wu W, Liu YL. Low-dose of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a natural regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signaling activity improves adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1079-1089. [PMID: 24362077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling pathway plays a critical role in the prolonged glomerulosclerosis (GS), which is an important determinant during the progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). For recent 30 years, multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW), an extract from Chinese herbal medicine has been proved clinically effective in improving GS in CKD in China. However, therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explain the dose-effects and molecular mechanisms of GTW on GS by regulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling activity in adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (ADRN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with ADRN, created by unilateral nephrectomy and twice adriamycin injections (ADR, 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) within 4 weeks, were divided into four groups, the Sham group, the Vehicle group, the low-dose GTW-treated group, and the high-dose GTW-treated group, and that, sacrificed at the end of the 6th week after administration. Proteinuria, blood biochemical parameters, glomerulosclerotic morphological makers, podocyte shape, and nephrin expression were examined, respectively. Protein expressions of key signaling molecules in TGF-β1/Smad pathway, such as TGF-β1, Smad3, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), and Smad7, were also evaluated individually. RESULTS The results indicated that the characterizations of ADRN involved the typical prolonged GS, a small amount of abnormal proteinuria, and the failing renal function; TGF-β1/Smad signaling molecules, especially Smad3, p-Smad2/3, and Smad7 were activated in vivo, accompanied by the exasperation of glomerulosclerotic lesion; GTW at high-dose (100 mg/kg) and low-dose (50 mg/kg) could slightly ameliorate the prolonged GS and nephrin expression, furthermore, the anti-proliferative action of GTW at high-dose was superior to that at low-dose, but caused the significant liver injury; in ADRN model rats, protein expressions of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and Smad7 in the kidneys could be regulated with the treatment of GTW at low-dose. CONCLUSION This study farther demonstrated that the low-dose of GTW, as a natural regulator in vivo, could effectively and safely ameliorate the prolonged GS in FSGS model, via the potential molecular mechanisms involving the reduction of ECM components and the suppression of TGF-β1 over-expression, as well as the bidirectional regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yan-Ru Huang
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xian-Jie Meng
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hao-Li Chen
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xi-Miao Shi
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Graduate School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying-Lu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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1956
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Liu X, Liu L, Chen P, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jiang L, Cheng D, Huang W, Yi D. Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy--a systematic review based on a subgroup analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:810-819. [PMID: 24296085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions with different ingredients in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Papers obtained after the retrieval of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of TCM treatments of diabetic nephropathy through online database (e.g. Medline, CBM, CNKI, VIP, the online database of Chinese medicine, CDFD, CMFD, and CENTRAL FROM Cochrane Library, etc.) as well as research data in our library. They were published between January 2001 and December 2012. According to the categories of the main TCM ingredients, all the cases in the literature were divided into a liver-kidney YIN deficiency group, a QI-BLOOD YIN-and-YANG deficiency group, and a spleen-kidney YANG deficiency group. Stata 11.0 was applied for subgroup analysis. RESULTS A total of 21 Chinese RCTs were included in this review. The Q values of the three groups were 13.18, 0.25 and 3.27, respectively, P>0.05, and thus, there was no clinical heterogeneity. The combined relative risk (RR) value and its 95% confidence interval were 1.48 (1.37, 1.60), 1.19 (1.06, 1.34), and 1.33 (1.19, 1.50), respectively, P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the qi-blood yin-and-yang deficiency group and the spleen-kidney yang deficiency group, the liver-kidney yin deficiency group has better prospects in clinical application to ensure renal function during the treatment of DN, and this possibility is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Pinyi Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yazhou Wu
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dixiang Cheng
- Soft College, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Wenquan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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1957
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Lee YW, Chen TL, Shih YRV, Tsai CL, Chang CC, Liang HH, Tseng SH, Chien SC, Wang CC. Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy improves survival in patients with advanced breast cancer: a population-based study. Cancer 2014; 120:1338-44. [PMID: 24496917 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most common complementary and alternative medicines used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, the clinical effect of TCM on survival, which is a major concern in these individuals, lacks evidence from large-scale clinical studies. METHODS The authors used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with advanced breast cancer between 2001 and 2010. The patients were separated into TCM users and nonusers, and Cox regression models were applied to determine the association between the use of TCM and patient survival. RESULTS A total of 729 patients with advanced breast cancer receiving taxanes were included in the current study. Of this cohort, the mean age was 52.0 years; 115 patients were TCM users (15.8%) and 614 patients were TCM nonusers. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years, with 277 deaths reported to occur during the 10-year period. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, compared with nonusers, the use of TCM was associated with a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.90] for TCM use of 30-180 days; adjusted HR, 0.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.78] for TCM use of >180 days). Among the frequently used TCMs, those found to be most effective (lowest HRs) in reducing mortality were Bai Hua She She Cao, Ban Zhi Lian, and Huang Qi. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current observational study suggest that adjunctive TCM therapy may lower the risk of death in patients with advanced breast cancer. Future randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wen Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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1958
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Zhang CH, Yu RY, Liu YH, Tu XY, Tu J, Wang YS, Xu GL. Interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:864-872. [PMID: 24361332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin and berberine are important coexisting constituents of the combination of Radix Scutellariae and Rhizoma Coptidis, known as scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC), which has heat clearing and detoxifying effects. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of the combination of baicalin+berberine on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or HepG2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin-resistant adipocytes and hepatocytes models were established. Glucose consumption was assayed to evaluate the effects of berberine, baicalin, and berberine+baicalin on glucose uptake, and the interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or HepG2 cells. Moreover, the effects of baicalin on the dose-effect relationship of berberine for glucose uptake was also evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS The results of the present study demonstrated that berberine increased glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, statistical analyses indicated that baicalin (in doses up to 100μmol/L) produced no obvious effect. The effect of berberine+baicalin on glucose uptake was better than that of berberine or baicalin alone, which indicated that berberine and baicalin had the trend of synergetic effect on glucose uptake. Furthermore, these results showed that the synergistic effect occurred in a specific dose range, while the antagonistic effect was present in another dose range in the presence of 10μmol/L baicalin. Interestingly, the entire dose-response curves of berberine shifted down in the presence of 100μmol/L baicalin, and baicalin antagonised the effect of berberine on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that berberine dose-dependently increased glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Furthermore, interaction of baicalin with berberine was additive at low doses of baicalin and antagonistic at higher baicalin doses. Thus, it is possible that baicalin is a partial agonist. These results provided a basis for the study of the TCM compatibility mechanism and a new insight into the application for Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) or SC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Ri-Yue Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Jun Tu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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1959
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Wu N, Yang X, Song L, Wei J, Liu Z. Effect of Tianqi antitremor granules on behavioral manifestations and expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 and β-arrestin1 in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 7:1481-9. [PMID: 24376341 PMCID: PMC3864941 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s48488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin1 in the striatum is closely associated with hyperactive dopamine receptors in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Our research group has shown that Tianqi antitremor granules have a significant effect on the motor complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, whether Tianqi antitremor granules have an effect on the behavioral manifestations and expression of GRK6 and β-arrestin1 in rats with LID is unknown. Methods Rats with PD received twice daily intraperitoneal injections of levodopa for 4 weeks to induce dyskinesia. Rats with LID were randomly divided into five groups: an LID-control group, an LID group, a levodopa plus Tianqi antitremor granules as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-low group, a levodopa plus TCM-medium group, and levodopa plus TCM-high group. Peak intensity of rotations was measured. GRK6 and β-arrestin1 expression in the striatum of the dyskinetic rats was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Pulsatile treatment with levodopa induced abnormal involuntary movements in rats with PD similar to LID in patients with PD. We found that repeated levodopa administration increased peak rotations in dyskinetic rats. However, peak rotations were decreased in rats given levodopa plus the different doses of Tianqi antitremor granules. In accordance with changed behavior, GRK6 and β-arrestin1 expression was decreased in rats with PD and was persistently low in rats with LID, but this decrease was prevented by coadministration of levodopa and Tianqi antitremor granules. Conclusion Tianqi antitremor granules ameliorated levodopa-induced dyskinetic behavior, reversed the decrease in GRK6 and β-arrestin1 expression, and acted as a useful adjunctive medicine for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglei Wei
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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1960
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Chueh FS, Chen YY, Huang AC, Ho HC, Liao CL, Yang JS, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Bufalin-inhibited migration and invasion in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells is carried out by suppression of the matrix metalloproteinase-2, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:21-29. [PMID: 21922632 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin has been shown to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including induction of apoptosis in many types of cancer cell lines. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer which is difficult to treat and the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bufalin on the migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. The wound healing assay and Boyden chamber transwell assay were used for examining the migration of U-2 OS cells. Western blotting and gelatin zymography assays were used for theexpression and activities of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7 or MMP-9 levels. Western blotting analysis also was used for measuring the levels of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 in bufalin-treated U-2 OS cells. Bufalin inhibited the cell migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells in vitro. Moreover, bufalin reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities of U-2 OS cells. Bufalin also suppressed the protein level of MMP-2 and reduced the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signals in U-2 OS cells. Our results suggest that signaling pathways for bufalin-inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells might be mediated through blocking MAPK signaling and resulting in the inhibition of MMP-2. Bufalin could be a useful agent to develop as a novel antitumor agent by virtue of its ability to inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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1961
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Fang L, Zheng Q, Yang T, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Li K, Zhou L, Gong H, Fan Y, Wang L. Bushen Yisui Capsule ameliorates axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3306-15. [PMID: 25206652 PMCID: PMC4145949 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.35.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary clinical study by our group demonstrated Bushen Yisui Capsule (formerly called Erhuang Formula) in combination with conventional therapy is an effective prescription for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. However, its effect on axonal injury during early multiple sclerosis remains unclear. In this study, a MOG35-55-immunized C57BL/6 mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was intragastrically administered Bushen Yisui Capsule. The results showed that Bushen Yisui Capsule effectively improved clinical symptoms and neurological function of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression was down-regulated and microtubule-associated protein 2 was up-regulated. Experimental findings indicate that the disease-preventive mechanism of Bushen Yisui Capsule in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was mediated by amelioration of axonal damage and promotion of regeneration. But the effects of the high-dose Bushen Yisui Capsule group was not better than that of the medium-dose and low-dose Bushen Yisui Capsule group in preventing neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kangning Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiyang Gong
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongping Fan
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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1962
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Wu L, Li H, Zheng SZ, Liu X, Cai H, Cai BC. Da-Huang-Fu-Zi-Tang attenuates liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:960-966. [PMID: 24161994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Da-Huang-Fu-Zi-Tang (DHFZT) is a famous traditional Chinese prescription with strong anti-inflammatory effects. Our previous work found that DHFZT could act against pancreatic injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) via inhibiting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in pancreatic tissues. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effects of DHFZT on liver injury in SAP rats, and the effects on JAK2/STAT3 signaling in liver tissue and Kupffer cells (KCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty SD male rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SO), SAP model group, DHFZT treatment groups (12, 24, and 48 mg/kg body weight). The model of SAP was constructed by injecting sodium taurocholate (3.5%) into pancreatic and biliary ducts. One hour before constructing the model, DHFZT was perfused into the stomach. All rats were sacrificed after 24h following the operation; livers were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein expression of pJAK2 and pSTAT3 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The activity of ALT, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum was detected. KCs of each group were isolated. After culture for 4h, the protein expression of JAK2, pJAK2, STAT3 and pSTAT3, the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in KCs were examined. RESULTS Sodium taurocholate induced liver injury concomitant with increased expression of pJAK2 and pSTAT3 in liver tissue and KCs. Pretreatment with DHFZT significantly attenuated liver injury induced by SAP, and concurrently, effectively lowered the serum ALT level. Furthermore, our studies showed that DHFZT obviously decreased the expression of pJAK2 and pSTAT3 in liver tissue and KCs. CONCLUSIONS DHFZT could ameliorate liver injury in rats with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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1963
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Wang X, Zhang H, Chen L, Shan L, Fan G, Gao X. Liquorice, a unique "guide drug" of traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its role in drug interactions. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:781-90. [PMID: 24201019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liquorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Leguminosae. It is a widely used herbal medicine native to southern Europe and parts of Asia and has beneficial applications in both the medicinal and the confectionery sectors. Unlike its usage in Europe, liquorice in traditional Chinese medicine is commonly combined with other herbs in a single prescription, as a unique "guide drug" to enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients, to reduce toxicity, and to improve flavor in almost half of Chinese herbal formulas. A review on phytochemical and pharmacological research to explain this unique "guide" effect is suggested for future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was collected from scientific journals, books, and pharmacopeia. The studies about the traditional uses, randomized controlled trials, chemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic data related to liquorice-herb/drug interaction or combination were included in the review. RESULTS According to recent reports, the "guide" effect of liquorice is partially through components transformed in liquorice-drug interaction; altering enzyme activity of P450 isoforms, as evidenced by induction of model probe substrates; and modulation of drug transporter proteins such as intestinal P-glycoprotein. CONCLUSION The overview and comparison of traditional uses of liquorice with recent pharmacological studies and randomized controlled trials provide new insights into this ancient drug for future investigations and clinical use, especially in drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300193, China
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1964
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Zhou D, Li M, Hu H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhong J, Liu L. Huoxue Rongluo Tablet reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in infarcted brain tissue. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3216-24. [PMID: 25206642 PMCID: PMC4146180 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.34.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huoxue Rongluo Tablet was made of tall gastrodis tuber, dahurian angelica root, honeysuckle stem, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, common flowering quince fruit, figwort root, red peony root and peach seed at a ratio of 3:2:6:2:3:3:3:3. Huoxue Rongluo Tablet is a well-established and common pre-scription for the treatment of cerebral infarction. In this study, a rat model of cerebral ischemia was established and the animals were intragastrically administered Huoxue Rongluo Tablet. This treat-ment reduced infarct volume, decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and improved neurological function. Moreover, the effects of Huoxue Rongluo Tablet were better than those of buflomedil pyridoxal phosphate. These results indicate that Huoxue Rongluo Tablet is effective in treating cerebral infarction by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pingxiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi Province, China,
Corresponding author: Mei Li, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingxiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi Province, China, . (N201303015)
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
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1965
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Wang YF, Liu YN, Xiong W, Yan DM, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Xu YT, Qi AD. A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:609-617. [PMID: 24315982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. has been used to prevent and treat vitiligo, osteoporosis, arthralgia and asthma in Traditional Chinese Medicine for some 1600 years. Psoralen (P), isopsoralen (IP), psoralenoside (PO) and isopsoralenoside (IPO) are the major coumarins and coumarin-related benzofuran glycosides in Psoraleae Fructus, which have been reported to show estrogen-like activity, osteoblastic proliferation accelerating activity, antitumor effects and antibacterial activity. The first aim of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach for simultaneous determination of PO, IPO, P and IP in rat plasma and samples collected from in vitro incubation experiments. The second aim is to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of PO, IPO, P and IP after oral administration of Psoralea corylifolia extract (PCE) to rats. The third aim is to confirm the biotransformation of PO to P or IPO to IP under gastrointestinal conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A UPLC-MS/MS method with a C18 column and a mobile phase of methanol-0.1% aqueous formic acid was validated according to the criteria in FDA guidelines about bioanalytical method, which was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE and the metabolic pathways of PO to P or IPO to IP. RESULTS The criteria for establishment of a new UPLC-MS/MS method including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were validated. This method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of PO, IPO, P and IP in biological samples collected from both in vitro incubations and in vivo rat experiments. After oral administration of PCE to rat, pharmacokinetic parameters of these four compounds indicated that in vivo biotransformation may occur between PO and P or IPO and IP. Purified benzofuran glycosides fraction (PBGF), containing only PO and IPO, was orally administered to rats to further confirm the biotransformation of PO to P or IPO to IP under gastrointestinal conditions. An in vitro incubation study elucidated that PO and IPO were metabolized to P and IP by intestinal microflora through de-glucosylation. CONCLUSIONS This paper developed a rapid, sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE in biological samples, and investigated on their comprehensive in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies. These obtained results showed that the metabolism by intestinal bacteria plays an important role in pharmacological effects of orally administered PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Ai-Di Qi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
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1966
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Schramm A, Ebrahimi SN, Raith M, Zaugg J, Rueda DC, Hering S, Hamburger M. Phytochemical profiling of Curcuma kwangsiensis rhizome extract, and identification of labdane diterpenoids as positive GABAA receptor modulators. Phytochemistry 2013; 96:318-329. [PMID: 24011802 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee & C.F. Liang (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes (100 μg/ml) enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) through GABAA receptors of the α1β2γ2S subtype by 79.0±7.0%. Potentiation of IGABA was measured using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique and Xenopus laevis oocytes. HPLC-based activity profiling of the crude extract led to the identification of 11 structurally related labdane diterpenoids, including four new compounds. Structure elucidation was achieved by comprehensive analysis of on-line (LC-PDA-ESI-TOF-MS) and off-line (microprobe 1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of the compounds was established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Labdane diterpenes represent a new class of plant secondary metabolites eliciting positive GABAA receptor modulation. The highest efficiency was observed for zerumin A (maximum potentiation of IGABA by 309.4±35.6%, and EC50 of 24.9±8.8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schramm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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1967
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Huang TP, Liu PH, Lien ASY, Yang SL, Chang HH, Yen HR. Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine use in children with asthma: a nationwide population-based study. Allergy 2013; 68:1610-3. [PMID: 24117783 DOI: 10.1111/all.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease accounting for severe morbidity and mortality in children. To determine the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat pediatric asthma, we conducted a nationwide population-based study by analyzing a cohort of one million randomly sampled patients from the beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Program in Taiwan from 2002 to 2010. Children under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed asthma (ICD-9-CM code: 493, N = 45 833) were enrolled, and 57.95% (N = 26 585) of them had used TCM. The number of TCM users was significantly more than that of non-TCM users in school-age children. The most commonly prescribed TCM formula is Ding-chuan-tang, or Xing-ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) for the single herb. Our study is the first to reveal characteristics and prescription patterns of the use of TCM in children with asthma. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.-P. Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - P.-H. Liu
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - A. S.-Y. Lien
- School of Nursing; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - S.-L. Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - H.-H. Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - H.-R. Yen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team; Healthy Aging Research Center; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Research; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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1968
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Liu Q, Lu L, Hua M, Xu Y, Xiong H, Hou W, Yang Z. Jiawei-Yupingfeng-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits respiratory viral infections in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:521-528. [PMID: 24051026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiawei-Yupingfeng-Tang (JYT) is a Chinese herbal formula that is widely used to treat respiratory tract illness. However, the effect of JYT on respiratory viruses remains unknown. The influenza virus (IFV) and the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) cause millions of cases of severe illness per year, and many of these illnesses develop into lethal pneumonia. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether JYT can be used to treat these infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of JYT against IFV and HRSV was tested using a plaque reduction assay in the lower respiratory tract cell line A549. The expression of ICAM-1 was determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. A mouse model infected with lethal influenza developing into interstitial pneumonia was used to evaluate the effect of JYT in vivo. RESULTS JYT extract inhibited both IFV and HRSV in a dose-dependent manner when given before, during and after a viral infection. JYT was effective in blocking the entry of the virus. Furthermore, pre-treatment with JYT reduced the susceptibility of cells to the invasion of HRSV by inhibiting the expression of ICAM-1. Importantly, JYT extract increased the survival rate of lethal influenza-infected mice, prolonged the survival time and alleviated the virus-induced lung lesions, which is comparable with the effects of ribavirin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data support JYT as an alternative modality to be used in the treatment of respiratory viral infection induced by HRSV and IFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, Research Centre of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, PR China; State Laboratory of Antiviral and Tumour of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medical Virology, Research Centre of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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1969
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Zhang H, Zhao T, Gong Y, Dong X, Zhang W, Sun S, Wang H, Gu Y, Lu X, Yan M, Li P. Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by Chaihuang-Yishen granule through anti-inflammatory mechanism in streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetics. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:556-564. [PMID: 24269779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medical herbs have been used in China for a long time to treat different diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS) was developed and has been employed clinically to treat chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to investigate its mechanism of action in treatment of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic rats were established by having a right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were divided into four groups of sham, diabetes, diabetes with CHYS and diabetes with fosinopril. CHYS and fosinopril were given to rats by gavage for 20 weeks. Samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS Rats treated with CHYS showed reduced 24h urinary protein excretion, decreased serum TC and TG levels, but CHYS treatment did not affect blood glucose level. Glomerular mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats were significantly alleviated by CHYS treatment. Moreover, CHYS administration markedly reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, as well as decreased protein levels of NF-κB p65, MCP-1, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the kidney of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS CHYS ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats through reduction of inflammatory cytokines and their intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sifan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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1970
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Lee CJ, Wu YT, Hsueh TY, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of epimedin C after oral administration of epimedin C and Herba Epimedii extract in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:630-6. [PMID: 24264996 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epimedin C, an ingredient of Herba Epimedii, has potential for treatment of cardiovascular disease and bone loss. However, there is still no sensitive analytical method to monitor epimedin C in biological samples. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method based on a LC-MS/MS for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of epimedin C after administration of Herba Epimedii in rat. Electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantitate active components. Analytes were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column. Liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, evaporation and reconstitution was used to plasma sample preparation. Mass transition of precursor ion → product ion pairs were monitored at m/z 823.4 → 313.1 for epimedin C and m/z 237.1 → 178.9 for carbamazepine (internal standard). A calibration curve gave good linearity (r > 0.999) over the concentration range 2.5-500 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that there was rapid distribution and slow elimination after epimedin C administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Oral bioavailabilities of epimedin C in the pure compound and in the Herba Epimedii were around 0.58% and 0.13%, respectively. The result suggests that other herbal ingredients of Herba Epimedii may suppress the oral bioavailability of epimedin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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1971
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Zhang L, Dai W, Zhang X, Gong Z, Jin G. Mannotriose regulates learning and memory signal transduction in the hippocampus. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3020-6. [PMID: 25206622 PMCID: PMC4146209 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.32.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia is a commonly used Chinese herb, which improves learning and memory. However, the crucial components of the signal transduction pathway associated with this effect remain elusive. Pri-mary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro, insulted with high-concentration (1 × 10−4 mol/L) cor-ticosterone, and treated with 1 × 10−4 mol/L mannotriose. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay and western blot analysis showed that hippocampal neuron survival rates and protein levels of glucocorti-coid receptor, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were all dramatically decreased after high-concentration corticosterone-induced injury. This effect was reversed by mannotriose, to a similar level as RU38486 and donepezil. Our findings indicate that mannotriose could protect hippocampal neurons from high-concentration corticosterone-induced injury. The mechanism by which this occurred was associated with levels of glucocorticoid receptor protein, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhangbin Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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1972
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Lou Y, Zheng J, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zeng S. Metabolites characterization of chamaechromone in vivo and in vitro by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Xevo G2 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:242-252. [PMID: 24189033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae) was a toxic perennial herb and widely used as pesticide and dermatological agents in China. Chamaechromone was a major component in the dried roots of Stellera chamaejasme with anti-HBV and insecticidal activity. Analysis of metabolic profile in vivo and in vitro plays a pivotal role to unravel how TCM works. And the metabolites of chamaechromone might influence the effects and toxicity of Stellera chamaejasme. Moreover, the metabolic routes of chamaechromone provide an important basis for toxicological safety evaluation. Until now, little is known about the metabolism of chamaechromone. The current study was designed to characterize the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups, including two oral administration groups (100mgkg(-1)), one intravenous injection group (5 mgkg(-1)), and one control group. The metabolites in rat urine and feces and bile were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis and β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Moreover, the possible metabolic mechanism was further confirmed by Phase I and Phase II metabolism and catechol-O-methyltransferase methylation in rat liver S9 fraction and degradation in rat intestinal bacteria. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites from chamaechromone were detected and identified in vivo and in vitro, 20 of which were novel. And the major metabolic processes were hydroxylation, methylation, glucuronation, acetylation, dehydroxylation and degradation. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in rat through both in vitro and in vivo experiments for the first time. And chamaechromone could undergo extensive phase I and phase II metabolism in rat. These findings would provide an important basis for the further study and clinical application of chamaechromone. In addition, the results of this work have showed the feasibility of the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS approach for rapid and reliable characterization of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University.
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1973
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Liu JP, Feng L, Zhang MH, Ma DY, Wang SY, Gu J, Fu Q, Qu R, Ma SP. Neuroprotective effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on cognition deficits of diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:371-81. [PMID: 24041458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LWDHD) is a well-known prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and consists of six crude drugs including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (family: Scrophulariaceae), Cornus officinalis Sieb. (family: Cornaceae), Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (family: Dioscoreaceae), Paoenia ostii (family: Paeoniaceae), Alisma orientale (G. Samuelsson) Juz (family: Alismataceae) and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (family: Polyporaceae). It has been used for the treatment of "Kidney-Yin" deficiency syndrome in clinic in China for a long time. Recent studies found that LWDHD had a potential benefit for the treatment of diabetic complications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of LWDHD on memory and cognition deficits in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic encephalopathy (DE) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high-glucose-fat diet for 50 days and then received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) to induce DE model. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the memory and cognition capability of DE rats. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+)-K(+)-ATP enzyme, iNOS and GSH kits were used to determine their activities or content in hippocampus. TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining were conducted to evaluate the apoptosis, caspase-3 protein expression, insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) expressions, as well as Aβ deposition. RESULTS The treatment with LWDHD (1 and 2g/kg, p.o., once daily, 30 days) could significantly reduce the escape latency time and path length, and obviously enhance the spent time in the target quadrant and platform crossings in Morris water maze test compared with model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). LWDHD could also significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, increase Na(+)-K(+)-ATP enzyme and ChAT activities, enhance remarkedly GSH level while decrease significantly AChE and iNOS activities in hippocampus (P<0.05, P<0.01). Furthermore, TUNEL staining, Congo red staining and immunohistochemistry showed that LWDHD significantly improved the expressions of IGF-1 and BDNF, attenuated the neural apoptosis, overexpression of caspase-3 and Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of STZ-induced DE rats (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that LWDHD had a neuroprotective effect on DE rats. LWDHD may be of benefit in the treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
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1974
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Chen L, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Dang X, Xie R, Li Z, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao W, Song H. Protective effect of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:228-236. [PMID: 24161430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction (SNK), a modified traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used clinically for the treatment of acute and chronic cerebrovascular related diseases. To evaluate the protective effect of SNK on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focal cerebral I/R injury in rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h followed by reperfusion for 24h. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six kinds of groups: Sham group; I/R group; SNK-treated groups at doses of 0.7 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg and 2.8 g/kg; and nimodipine (NMP)-treated group. The recoveries of neurological function in rats were estimated by neurological defect scoring and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining after 24h reperfusion. Various biochemical indexes in serum were assayed by colorimetry, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS). Histological structures of the brain in rats were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the caspase-3 protein content in rats. RESULTS SNK administration significantly reduced the neurological defect scores and lessened the cerebral infarction volume. The treatment of SNK lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and GSH-Px levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels in serum. Furthermore, histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons were seen in SNK-treated rats. SNK administration restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein significantly. CONCLUSION The results suggest that SNK demonstrates a strong and ameliorative effect on cerebral I/R damage in rats. The protective mechanisms of SNK are associated with its properties of anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation as well as regulation of iNOS and TNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xuan Dang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Renming Xie
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zhenzhi Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wenna Zhao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hongru Song
- The 323rd hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710069, PR China
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1975
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Li XZ, Zhang SN, Lu F, Liu CF, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wang N, Liu SM. Cerebral metabonomics study on Parkinson's disease mice treated with extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1219-1229. [PMID: 23830815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (EAS) has neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) mice against dopaminergic neuronal damage. However, studies of its anti-PD mechanism are challenging, owing to the complex pathophysiology of PD, and complexity of EAS with multiple constituents acting on different metabolic pathways. Here, we have investigated the metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers in a mice model of MPTP-induced PD after treatment of EAS. Metabonomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to profile the metabolic fingerprints of mesencephalon obtained from 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine Hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl)-induced PD mice model with and without EAS treatment. Through partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), it was observed that metabolic perturbations induced by MPTP were restored after treatment with EAS. Metabolites with significant changes induced by MPTP, including L-dopa, 5'-methylthioadenosine, tetradecanoylcarnitine, phytosphingosine-1-P, Cer(d18:0/18:0), LysoPC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), L-palmitoyl -carnitine, tetracosanoylglycine, morphiceptin and stearoylcarnitine, were characterized as potential biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The derivations of all those biomarkers can be regulated by EAS treatment except Cer(d18:0/18:0), LysoPC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), morphiceptin. The therapeutic effect of EAS on PD may involve in regulating the tyrosine metabolism, mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, fatty acid metabolism, methionine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. This study indicated that changed metabolites can be certainly recovered by EAS, and the treatment of EAS can be connected with the regulation of related metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-zhao Li
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
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1976
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Zhang D, Yuan C, Zhu Z, Jin X, Li L. Influence of the mixture of Epimedii Herba and Ginkgo Folium extracts on the coronary flow of isolated hearts in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:290-3. [PMID: 24124279 PMCID: PMC3793332 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, Epimedii Herba and Ginkgo Folium preparations are widely used in treatment of diseases such as coronary heart disease (angina) in China. However, there are no studies on the two-drug combination. Objective: To explore the effect of the mixture of the Epimedii Herba extract (EE) and Ginkgo Folium extract (GE) on coronary flow of isolated hearts in rats. Materials and Methods: EE and GE were prepared by reflux in alcohol, and processed with HPD-100 macro-reticular resins; icariin from EE and total bilobalides from GE were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fifty male Sprague–Dawley (SD) mice were subdivided into five groups (10 rats each): Normal control group (NC), EE – 10 mg group, GE – 10 mg group, EE – 5 mg + GE – 5 mg group, and EE – 10 mg + GE – 10 mg group. Isolated hearts uniform pressure perfusion was proceeded with Langendorff system. Results: The content of icariin in EE was 20.8%. The total content including four kinds of bilobalides (ginkolide A–C and bilobalide) in GE was 8.6%. The coronary flow in the NC group remained stable before and after treatment, and the coronoray flow in the EE, GE, EE + GE groups was increased and the relative magnitude of heightening was 25.0–33.3%, and the coronary flow in EE + GE was significantly different from that in the single EE or GE group. Conclusion: EE or GE itself can heighten coronary flow of isolated hearts in rats. The activity of the mixture including EE and GE is better than that of single EE or GE, and the activity becomes larger when the dosage is doubled, and is related with dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, China
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1977
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Hu Y, Wang S, Wu X, Zhang J, Chen R, Chen M, Wang Y. Chinese herbal medicine-derived compounds for cancer therapy: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:601-12. [PMID: 23916858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype of primary liver cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC, the option for effective systemic treatment is quite limited. There exists a critical need to explore and evaluate possible alternative strategies for effective control of HCC. With a long history of clinical use, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is emerging as a noticeable choice for its multi-level, multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. With the aids of phytochemistry and molecular biological approaches, in the past decades many CHM-derived compounds have been carefully studied through both preclinical and clinical researches and have shown great potential in novel anti-HCC natural product development. The present review aimed at providing the most recent developments on anti-HCC compounds derived from CHM, especially their underlying pharmacological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of anti-HCC compounds from CHM was carried out focusing on literatures published both in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline) and in Chinese academic databases (Wanfang and CNKI database). RESULTS In this review, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the anti-HCC effects and targets of several representative CHM-derived compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, berberine, quercetin, tanshinone II-A and celastrol. Their mechanisms of anti-HCC behaviors, potential side effects or toxicity and future research directions were discussed. CONCLUSION Herbal compounds derived from CHM are of much significance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against HCC. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-HCC therapy and modernization of CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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1978
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Mashtoub S, Hoang BV, Vu M, Lymn KA, Feinle-Bisset C, Howarth GS. Clinical and structural effects of traditional Chinese medicine and the herbal preparation, Iberogast, in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013; 19:10-9. [PMID: 24647374 DOI: 10.1177/2156587213503660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-sourced formulations such as Iberogast and the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Cmed, purportedly possess anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties. We investigated Iberogast and Cmed, independently, for their potential to decrease the severity of the large bowel inflammatory disorder, ulcerative colitis. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 8/group) received daily 1 mL gavages (days 0-13) of water, Iberogast (100 μL/200 μL), or Cmed (10 mg/20 mg). Rats ingested 2% dextran sulfate sodium or water ad libitum for 7 days commencing on day 5. Dextran sulfate sodium administration increased disease activity index scores from days 6 to 12, compared with water controls (P < .05). On day 10, 200 μL Iberogast decreased disease activity index scores in colitic rats compared with colitic controls (P < .05). Neither Iberogast nor Cmed achieved statistical significance for daily metabolic parameters or colonic crypt depth. The therapeutic effects of Iberogast and Cmed were minimal in the colitis setting. Further studies of plant extracts are required investigating greater concentrations and alternative delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mashtoub
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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1979
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Qin K, Wang B, Cai H, Li W, Yao Z, Zhang X, Lu T, Cai B. Simultaneous determination of five marker compounds in Xuanfu Daizhe Tang by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection for quality control. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 8:250-5. [PMID: 24082626 PMCID: PMC3785160 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuanfu Daizhe Tang (XDT) is a classical traditional Chinese medicinal prescription that has been widely used for treating digestive system illnesses for hundreds of years. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was established for the simultaneous determination of five marker compounds in XDT including chlorogenic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Re, for quality control of this well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). RESULTS These compounds were separated in less than 130 min using a YMC C18 column with a gradient elution system of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water solution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. All calibration curves of standard components showed good linearity with R(2) >0.9991. Limit of detection and limit of quantification varied from 0.11 to 4.3 μg/ml and 0.20 to 11.6 μg/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra-day and inter-day experiments were less than 4.72 and 5.48%, respectively. The accuracy of recovery test ranged from 95.0 to 105.0% with RSD values 1.28- 4.32%. CONCLUSION The validated method is simple, reliable, and successfully applied to determine the contents of the selected compounds in XDT for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Qin
- Engineering Research Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China ; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing 210061, PR China
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1980
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Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the role of ursolic acid in the neural regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve. BALB/c mice were used to establish models of sciatic nerve injury through unilateral sciatic nerve complete transection and microscopic anastomosis at 0.5 cm below the ischial tube-rosity. The successfully generated model mice were treated with 10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg ursolic acid via intraperitoneal injection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that serum S100 protein expression level gradually increased at 1-4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury, and significantly decreased at 8 weeks. As such, ursolic acid has the capacity to significantly increase S100 protein expression levels. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that S100 mRNA expression in the L4-6 segments on the injury side was increased after ursolic acid treatment. In addition, the muscular mass index in the soleus muscle was also increased in mice treated with ursolic acid. Toluidine blue staining revealed that the quantity and average diameter of myelinated nerve fibers in the injured sciatic nerve were significantly increased after treatment with ursolic acid. 10 and 5 mg/kg of ursolic acid produced stronger effects than 2.5 mg/kg of ursolic acid. Our findings indicate that ursolic acid can dose-dependently increase S100 expression and promote neural regeneration in BALB/c mice following sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zemin Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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1981
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Zhang WL, Choi RCY, Zhan JYX, Chen JP, Luk WKW, Yao P, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Can Hedysari Radix replace Astragali Radix in Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese herbal decoction for woman aliment? Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1076-1081. [PMID: 23746954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) has been used for over 2000 years in China for the enrichment of "Qi". Hedysari Radix (HR), a herb having similar chemical composition with AR, has been commonly used as a substitute of AR in herbal decoction. In order to evaluate the possible replacement of HR for AR in Chinese herbal decoction, systematic comparison of AR and HR was done by chemical and biological assessments. The water extract of AR contained higher levels of calycosin, calycosin-glucoside, ononin, astragaloside III and astragaloside IV, while higher amount of formononetin was found in the HR extract. The estrogenic, erythropoetic and osteogenic effects were compared between the water extracts of AR and HR, and in all cases AR extract showed higher biological activities. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is a very common herbal decoction for woman aliment, and which contains AR and Angelica Sinensis Radix. Here, we generated two forms of DBT having either AR or HR as the major herbs. Chemically, AR-contained DBT showed higher amounts of various active chemicals, except formononetin that was higher in HR-contained DBT. In parallel, the estrogenic, osteogenic and erythropoetic effects of DBT containing AR showed better activities than that of DBT having HR. Thus, AR and HR showed distinct differences in terms of chemical and biological properties. In order to achieve the best therapeutical effect, as well as to guarantee the safety, AR is recommended here to be used for making DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Li Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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1982
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Lu W. Danhong injection: A modulator for Golgi structural stability after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2343-9. [PMID: 25206544 PMCID: PMC4146046 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.25.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using the suture occlusion method, and rats were intraperitoneally given 8 mL/kg Danhong injection once a day prior to model establishment. Rat brain tissues were harvested at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining showed that transforming growth factor-β1 expression increased, while Golgi matrix protein GM130 expression decreased after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Danhong injection was shown to significantly up-regulate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and GM130, and expression levels peaked at 7 days after reperfusion. At 7 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, Golgi morphology was damaged in untreated rats, while Golgi morphology breakage was not observed after intervention with Danhong injection. These experimental findings indicate that Danhong injection can up-regulate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and GM130, and maintain Golgi stability, thus playing a neuroprotective role in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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1983
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Huang HJ, Chen CYC. A possible solution for hair loss by inhibiting corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor from traditional Chinese medicine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1613-23. [PMID: 23998289 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.831377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR) play important roles in stress response, including anxiety and depression syndrome. The CRF expression also relates to chronic stress-related hair loss. This study utilizes the world's largest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate novel CRFR inhibitors for treatment of alopecia. The docking and screening from TCM database results indicate the vitamin B2, 3 beta-isodihydrocadambine, and caribine display higher binding affinity than maltose in maltose binding protein (MBP). However, the results of MD simulation shows the caribine-facilitated CRFR approach closer to MBP, the 3D structure conformation of MBP and CRFR complex forms compact structure. Interestingly, the distance between the two proteins is reducing significantly after caribine dock into MBP binding site. Beside, from Ligand channel analysis, the paths of caribine demonstrate that residence time is increased in binding pocket. Hence, our finding suggests that caribine might be a potential lead compound to stimulate MBP and CRFR interaction, and help for baldless therapy in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- a Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources , College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung , 40402 , Taiwan
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1984
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Lu F, Cao M, Wu B, Li XZ, Liu HY, Chen DZ, Liu SM. Urinary metabonomics study on toxicity biomarker discovery in rats treated with Xanthii Fructus. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:311-320. [PMID: 23831081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xanthii Fructus (XF) is commonly called "Cang-Erzi" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and widely used for the treatment of sinusitis, headache, rheumatism, and skin itching. However, the clinical utilization of XF is relatively restricted owing to its toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY To discover the characteristic potential biomarkers in rats treated with XF by urinary metabonomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied in the study. The total ion chromatograms obtained from control and different dosage groups were distinguishable by a multivariate statistical analysis method. RESULTS The greatest difference in metabolic profile was observed between high dosage group and control group, and the metabolic characters in rats treated with XF were perturbed in a dose-dependent manner. The metabolic changes in response for XF treatment were observed in urinary samples, which were revealed by orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA), and 10 metabolites could be served as the potential toxicity biomarkers. In addition, the mechanism associated with the damages of lipid per-oxidation and the metabolic disturbances of fatty acid oxidation were investigated. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that metabonomics analysis in urinary samples may be useful for predicting the toxicity induced by XF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
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1985
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Wang D, Huang L, Chen S. Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham.: a review on its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:1-23. [PMID: 23747644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. (family Asteraceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for various ailments, such as bacterial diarrhea, enteritis, conjunctivitis, and respiratory tract infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic investigation of Senecio scandens was accomplished by analyzing secondary sources, including the Chinese Medicinal plantal Classics, the Internet (Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar), and scientific databases accepted worldwide (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and CNKI). These sources were scrutinized for available information about the uses of Senecio scandens in traditional Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. RESULTS Senecio scandens is a medicinal plant with a climbing woody stem. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenes, volatile oils, carotenoids, and trace elements. Among them, PAs are the characteristic constituents, adonifoline is one of the index ingredients of Senecio scandens. Studies in modern pharmacology have demonstrated that extracts and compounds isolated from Senecio scandens show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-leptospirosis, hepatoprotective, anti-infusorial, antioxidant, antiviral, antitumoral, analgesic, mutagenic, and toxicological activities. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the extracts of the plant possess various pharmacological activities that can be attributed to the presence of various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Newer technologies for qualitative and quantitative methods of PAs need to be developed to obtain better accuracy and sensitivity. Due to the toxicity of PAs present in this medicinal plant, the regulations on PAs of Senecio scandens were varied among different countries and regions. In China, the PAs toxicity of Senecio scandens ranking criteria is not well defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, and there is no strict uniform requirement on the PAs in western countries. We propose that the use of Senecio scandens should be reevaluated based on a set of criteria, which includes risk-benefit analysis and severity of the toxic effects, clinical and preclinical data to ensure safe use while continuing to satisfy the need for access to the medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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1986
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Zhao YY. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:35-48. [PMID: 23811047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries (Polyporaceae, Zhuling ) has been commonly used in medicine for a wide range of ailments related to the edema, scanty urine, vaginal discharge, urinary dysfunction, as well as jaundice and diarrhea. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviewed the traditional uses, propagation, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Polyporus umbellatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the available information on Polyporus umbellatus was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, Google Scholar, etc.). RESULTS Phytochemical studies showed the presence of many valuable secondary metabolites such as steroids, polysaccharides, anthraquinones and nucleosides. Crude extracts and isolated compounds showed a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including diuretic, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, immuno-enhancing, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the ergosterol and ergone had a high distribution and absorption in the plasma and the two main components of Polyporus umbellatus were mainly excreted by faeces. The determination of multiple chemical components was successfully applied to the quality control of Polyporus umbellatus. CONCLUSIONS Modern phytochemical, pharmacological and metabonomic investigations showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from Polyporus umbellatus possess many kinds of biological functions, especially in the diuretic activities and the treatment of kidney diseases as well as anti-cancer, immuno-enhancing and hepatoprotective activities. The pathways of the distribution, absorption, metabolism and excretion of main steroidal compounds were clarified by pharmacokinetic studies. Most of the pharmacological studies were conducted using crude and poorly characterized extracts of Polyporus umbellatus in animals especially in case of diuretic activities and the treatment of kidney diseases. Thus, more bioactive components especially diuretic compounds should be identified using bioactivity-guided isolation strategies and the possible mechanism of action as well as potential synergistic or antagonistic effects of multi-component mixtures derived from Polyporus umbellatus need to be evaluated integrating pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, bioavailability-centered and physiological approaches. In addition, more experiments including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies should be encouraged to identify any side effects or toxicity. These achievements will further expand the existing therapeutic potential of Polyporus umbellatus and provide a beneficial support to its future further clinical use in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
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1987
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Chen L, Sun Z, Wang F, Xu C, Geng M, Chen H, Duan D. Shuyusan-containing serum protects SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2060-8. [PMID: 25206514 PMCID: PMC4146065 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.22.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herb Shuyusan, whose main constituent is jasminoidin, has been shown to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced damage. SH-SY5Y cells injured by 400 μmol/L corticosterone were treated with 5 and 30 μg/mL Shuyusan-containing serum. Results revealed that Shuyusan-containing serum elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells, reduced Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, markedly elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression, and blocked cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effect of high-dose (30 μg/mL) Shuyusan-containing serum was more remarkable. Therefore, Shuyusan-containing serum appears to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment by adjusting the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, high-dose Shuyusan-containing serum has a protective effect on high-dose corticosterone-induced impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhigao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chengyong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Miao Geng
- Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dongmei Duan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
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1988
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Cai Y, Mao Z, Xu B, Wu B. Factors associated with traditional Chinese medicine utilization among urban community health centers in Hubei Province of China. Asia Pac J Public Health 2013; 27:NP2489-97. [PMID: 23858517 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513491415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine resources and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and factors influencing TCM utilization in urban community health centers (CHCs) in Hubei Province of China. A cross-sectional survey including 234 government-owned CHCs was conducted in 2009. One-way analysis of variance analysis and a Poisson regression model were used to examine distribution of TCM resources and factors influencing TCM utilization. This study found unequal distribution of TCM resources among districts. TCM outpatient visits were positively associated with higher economic development districts, lower initial capital investment of the CHCs, health services covered by health insurance, higher qualification of TCM physicians, provision of TCM health records and rehabilitation, and greater availability of herbal medicine. To achieve equal access to TCM services, policy makers should consider the socioeconomic differences and income groups, provide training for TCM physicians, build pathway to recruit senior TCM physicians, and cover more TCM therapies by health insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Wuhan University School of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongfu Mao
- Wuhan University School of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bruce Xu
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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1989
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Chen G, Lu F, Xu L, Dong H, Yi P, Wang F, Huang Z, Zou X. The anti-diabetic effects and pharmacokinetic profiles of berberine in mice treated with Jiao-Tai-Wan and its compatibility. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:780-786. [PMID: 23582408 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW), a classical Chinese prescription, has been clinically employed to treat diabetes mellitus in recent years. To investigate the comparative evaluations on anti-diabetic effects and pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient berberine in mice treated with JTW in various combinations of its constituent herbs. In our study, the anti-diabetic study was carried out in diabetic mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic mice were randomly assigned to three therapy groups and orally administered with different prescription proportions of Rhizoma Coptidis and Cinnamomum cassia respectively. The level of plasma glucose, lipid profile and parameters related to oxidative stress were determined. The concentrations of berberine in non-diabetic mice plasma were determined using HPLC, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. The results indicated that the compatibility effects of ingredients present in Cinnamomum cassia could affect the anti-diabetic ability and pharmacokinetics of berberine in JTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Integrative Traditional & Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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1990
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Yan Y, Fan W, Liu L, Yang R, Yang W. The effects of Xingnao Jieyu capsules on post-stroke depression are similar to those of fluoxetine. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1765-72. [PMID: 25206473 PMCID: PMC4145951 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.19.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xingnao Jieyu capsule has been shown to effectively relieve neurologic impairments and lessen depression. It remains poorly understood whether this capsule can be used to treat post-stroke depression. Thus, in the present study, we established a rat model of post-stroke depression using left middle cerebral artery occlusions in combination of chronic unpredictable stress and solitary housing during development. Experimental rats received intragastric perfusion with 0.82, 0.41, and 0.20 g/kg Xingnao Jieyu capsules separately dissolved in 2 mL distilled water. Fluoxetine served as a positive control. The treatment was conducted over 28 days. Sugar water consumption test, open-field test, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining results demonstrated that intragastric perfusion with various doses of Xingnao Jieyu capsules increased sugar water consumption, voluntary behaviors and synaptotagmin mRNA and protein expression in rats with post-stroke depression. These therapeutic effects were similar to those of fluoxetine. These results indicate that Xingnao Jieyu capsules upregulate synaptotagmin expression in hippocampi of rats with post-stroke depression, and exert antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yan
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China ; Encephalopathology Key Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China ; Encephalopathology Key Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Research Room of Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
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1991
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Qin Y, Luo Y, Gu W, Yang L, Shen X, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gao X. Evidence for a therapeutic effect of Braintone on ischemic brain damage. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1743-55. [PMID: 25206471 PMCID: PMC4145954 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.19.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a novel combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments to show that Braintone had neuroprotective effects and clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy. The Chinese herbal extract Braintone is composed of Radix Rhodiolase Essence, Radix Notoginseng Essence, Folium Ginkgo Essence and Rhizoma Chuanxiong. In vivo experiments showed that cerebral infarction volume was reduced, hemispheric water content decreased, and neurological deficits were alleviated in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after administration of 87.5, 175 or 350 mg/kg Braintone for 7 consecutive days. Western blot analysis showed that Braintone enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic cortex of these rats. The 350 mg/kg dose of Braintone produced the most dramatic effects. For the in vitro experiments, prior to oxygen-glucose deprivation, rats were intragastrically injected with 440, 880 or 1 760 mg/kg Braintone to prepare a Braintone-containing serum, which was used to pre-treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 24 hours. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury was alleviated with this pre-treatment. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis showed that the Braintone-containing serum increased the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA and protein, heme oxygenase-1 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in oxygen-glucose deprived human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The 1 760 mg/kg dose produced the greatest increases in expression. Collectively, these experimental findings suggest that Braintone has neuroprotective effects on ischemia-induced brain damage via the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xikun Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenlun Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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1992
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Chen Y, Deng Y, Ni Z, Chen N, Chen X, Shi W, Zhan Y, Yuan F, Deng W, Zhong Y. Efficacy and safety of traditional chinese medicine (Shenqi particle) for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62:1068-76. [PMID: 23810688 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the safety and efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine Shenqi particle and standard therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide (control) in adult patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). STUDY DESIGN Open-label, multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS From April 2008 to February 2011, a total of 190 patients with biopsy-proven IMN from 7 hospitals in China participated in the study. All patients had nephrotic syndrome with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). INTERVENTION Shenqi particle (9.6 g 3 times per day) or prednisone (1 mg/kg/d tapering to 0.17 mg/kg/d) and cyclophosphamide (total dose of 9-12 g per square meter of body surface area) for 48 weeks. OUTCOMES Primary outcomes included complete remission, defined as proteinuria (24-hour urine protein excretion) ≤0.3 g/d, or partial remission, defined as proteinuria with protein excretion >0.3-<3.5 g/d and a 50% reduction from its peak value at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included serum albumin level, eGFR, doubling of serum creatinine level, end-stage renal disease, and death. RESULTS Baseline values for proteinuria and eGFR were 5.34 ± 2.74 g/d and 84.0 ± 27.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for the Shenqi particle group and 5.33 ± 2.47 g/d and 83.8 ± 24.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for the control group, respectively. 132 patients (63 Shenqi particle group, 69 control group) completed the study. Change in urinary protein excretion in the Shenqi particle group was -3.01 (95% CI, -3.68 to -2.34) g/d, and in the control group, -3.28 (95% CI, -3.98 to -2.58) g/d; the mean difference between groups was 0.27 (95% CI, -0.70 to 1.23) g/d (P = 0.6). Changes in eGFR were 12.3 (95% CI, 4.99 to 19.6) mL/min/1.73 m(2) in the Shenqi particle group and -2.8 (95% CI, -10.32 to 4.77) mL/min/1.73 m(2) in the control group; the mean difference between groups was 15.1 (95% CI, 4.56 to 25.55) mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = 0.005). Severe adverse events occurred in only the control group (14.5%) and included lung infection, liver injury, and pneumonia. LIMITATIONS High rate of loss to follow-up and lack of observation period prior to the study. CONCLUSIONS Shenqi particle may be a promising alternative therapy for adults with IMN and nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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1993
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Atanasov AG, Wang JN, Gu SP, Bu J, Kramer MP, Baumgartner L, Fakhrudin N, Ladurner A, Malainer C, Vuorinen A, Noha SM, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH. Honokiol: a non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist from nature. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4813-9. [PMID: 23811337 PMCID: PMC3790966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are clinically used to counteract hyperglycemia. However, so far experienced unwanted side effects, such as weight gain, promote the search for new PPARγ activators. Methods We used a combination of in silico, in vitro, cell-based and in vivo models to identify and validate natural products as promising leads for partial novel PPARγ agonists. Results The natural product honokiol from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Magnolia bark was in silico predicted to bind into the PPARγ ligand binding pocket as dimer. Honokiol indeed directly bound to purified PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and acted as partial agonist in a PPARγ-mediated luciferase reporter assay. Honokiol was then directly compared to the clinically used full agonist pioglitazone with regard to stimulation of glucose uptake in adipocytes as well as adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While honokiol stimulated basal glucose uptake to a similar extent as pioglitazone, it did not induce adipogenesis in contrast to pioglitazone. In diabetic KKAy mice oral application of honokiol prevented hyperglycemia and suppressed weight gain. Conclusion We identified honokiol as a partial non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist in vitro which prevented hyperglycemia and weight gain in vivo. General significance This observed activity profile suggests honokiol as promising new pharmaceutical lead or dietary supplement to combat metabolic disease, and provides a molecular explanation for the use of Magnolia in traditional medicine. Honokiol is identified and characterized as novel partial PPARγ agonist from nature. In cell models honokiol increases glucose uptake but is not adipogenic. In KKAy diabetic mice it decreases blood glucose and suppresses weight gain. PPARγ agonism of honokiol may explain the use of Magnolia bark in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jian N. Wang
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shi P. Gu
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Bu
- Xi Yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Matthias P. Kramer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Baumgartner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Malainer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Vuorinen
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan M. Noha
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 43 1 4277 55993; fax: + 43 1 4277 55969.
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1994
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Pan Y, Li W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Jia J, Li P. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1644-54. [PMID: 25206461 PMCID: PMC4145912 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.18.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts may dose-dependently inhibit non-enzymatic saccharification in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effect of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on advanced glycation end products and on learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts (containing 1.5 g/kg crude drug) or 0.1% aminoguanidine for 12 weeks and behavioral testing was performed with the Y-electrical maze. This test revealed that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae and aminoguanidine could improve the learning and memory capabilities of ovariectomized rats. Results of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, while increasing content in the blood and urine. Biochemical tests showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and frontal cortex, and increased serum levels of glutathione peroxidase in ovariectomized rats. In addition, there was no apparent effect on malondialdehyde levels. These experimental findings indicate that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae inhibits production of advanced glycation end products and its accumulation in brain tissue, and improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. These effects may be associated with an anti-oxidative action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefen Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100017, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Basic Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanshu Pan
- Pathology Room, Department of Human Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Medical Comprehensive Course Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Anatomy Room, Department of Human Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pathology Room, Department of Human Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Pathology Room, Department of Human Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100017, China
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1995
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Li X, Zhang J, Huang J, Ma A, Yang J, Li W, Wu Z, Yao C, Zhang Y, Yao W, Zhang B, Gao R. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of the effects of qili qiangxin capsules in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1065-1072. [PMID: 23747768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of qili qiangxin capsules in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND Qili qiangxin capsules are a traditional Chinese medicine that has been approved in China for the treatment of CHF, but the evidence supporting its efficacy remains unclear. METHODS A total of 512 patients with CHF were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive the placebo or qili qiangxin capsules in addition to their standard medications for the treatment of CHF. The primary endpoint was the reduction or percent change in the plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level during 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS At the 12-week follow-up, a significant reduction in the NT-proBNP level from baseline was observed in both groups, but the qili qiangxin capsule group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction than the placebo group (p = 0.002); 47.95% of patients in the qili qiangxin capsule group demonstrated reductions in NT-proBNP levels of at least 30% compared with 31.98% of patients in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Treatment with qili qiangxin capsules also demonstrated superior performance in comparison to the placebo with respect to New York Heart Association functional classification, left ventricular ejection fraction, 6-min walking distance, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS On a background of standard treatment, qili qiangxin capsules further reduced the levels of NT-proBNP. Together, our data suggest that qili qiangxin capsules could be used in combination therapy for CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiqun Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefu Yang
- Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Boli Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Runlin Gao
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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1996
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Song C, Fang S, Lv G, Mei X. Gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the injured spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1383-9. [PMID: 25206433 PMCID: PMC4107770 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.15.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, an active component of tall gastrodia tuber, is widely used in the treatment of dizziness, paralysis, epilepsy, stroke and dementia, and exhibits a neuroprotective effect. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established using Allen's method, and gastrodin was administered via the subarachnoid cavity and by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Results show that gastrodin promoted the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats with spinal cord injury. After gastrodin treatment, the maximum angle of the inclined plane test, and the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores increased. Moreover, gastrodin improved neural tissue recovery in the injured spinal cord. These results demonstrate that gastrodin promotes the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, contributes to the recovery of neurological function, and protects neural cells against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Song
- Vertebral Column Ward, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiqiang Fang
- Vertebral Column Ward, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Vertebral Column Ward, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Vertebral Column Ward, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
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1997
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Zhu B, Wang Y, Jardine M, Jun M, Lv JC, Cass A, Liyanage T, Chen HY, Wang YJ, Perkovic V. Tripterygium preparations for the treatment of CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62:515-30. [PMID: 23664549 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.02.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preparations of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F are used widely for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in China. The efficacy and safety of Tripterygium preparations still have not been fully identified. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING & POPULATION Patients with chronic kidney disease. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES Randomized controlled trials. INTERVENTION Tripterygium preparations (Tripterygium glycoside tablets, Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch tablets, and Tripterygium granules or extracts) versus placebo, standard care, or other immunosuppressive treatment. OUTCOMES Weighted mean difference and summary estimates of relative risk (RR) reductions with 95% CIs were calculated with a random-effects model. Outcomes analyzed included change in proteinuria, serum creatinine level, and creatinine clearance rate, as well as remission and relapse rate and drug-related adverse events. RESULTS We identified 75 trials that included 4,386 participants. Overall, Tripterygium therapy reduced proteinuria by protein excretion of 628 (95% CI, -736 to -521) mg/d and reduced serum creatinine level by 0.12 (95% CI, -0.17 to -0.06) mg/dL compared with controls (both P < 0.001) in a range of kidney conditions. Tripterygium preparations also increased the rate of complete remission by 56% (95% CI, 32%-85%; P < 0.001) and of complete or partial remission by 24% (95% CI, 17%-31%; P < 0.001) while reducing relapse by 58% (95% CI, 42%-69%; P < 0.001). Tripterygium preparations increased the rate of liver function test result abnormalities (RR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.24-7.25; P < 0.001) and altered menstruation (RR, 5.29; 95% CI, 2.09-13.38; P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS Suboptimal study quality, significant heterogeneity in the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS Tripterygium preparations may have nephroprotective effects, but high-quality trials are required to reliably determine the balance of benefits and harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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1998
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Chen R, Lv Z, Huang D, Chen M, Yi F. Efficacy of suspended moxibustion in stroke rats is associated with a change in tail temperature. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1132-8. [PMID: 25206407 PMCID: PMC4145898 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended moxibustion-produced heat can transfer from the acupoint to other sites of the body. The suspended moxibustion should be terminated when clinical propagated sensation disappears, because this implies that the quantity of moxibustion is sufficient. We wanted to investigate if this phenomenon also occurs in experimental animals. In the present study, a rat model of stroke was established and treated with suspended moxibustion at Dazhui (DU14) for 60 minutes. Results showed that the increase in tail temperature began at 15 minutes after suspended moxibustion and decreased gradually at 40 minutes. In addition, neurological function was significantly improved in stroke rats with tail temperature increase following suspended moxibustion, and this effect was associated with significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β mRNA. However, there was no significant difference between 40- and 60-minute suspended moxibustion. The findings indicate that elevated tail temperature began to decrease at 40 minutes after suspended moxibustion, and further suspended moxibustion was not useful in the recovery of stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China,
Corresponding author: Rixin Chen, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China (N20120413002)
| | - Zhimai Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dangdang Huang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mingren Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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1999
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Feng Y, Gao Y, Yang W, Feng T. Reduction in nerve root compression by the nucleus pulposus after Feng's Spinal Manipulation. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1139-45. [PMID: 25206408 PMCID: PMC4145892 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety-four patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were enrolled in this study. Of these, 48 were treated with Feng's Spinal Manipulation, hot fomentation, and bed rest (treatment group). The remaining 46 patients were treated with hot fomentation and bed rest only (control group). After 3 weeks of treatment, clinical parameters including the angle of straight-leg raising, visual analogue scale pain score, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for low back pain were improved. The treatment group had significantly better improvement in scores than the control group. Magnetic resonance myelography three-dimensional reconstruction imaging of the vertebral canal demonstrated that filling of the compressed nerve root sleeve with cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly in the treatment group. The diameter of the nerve root sleeve was significantly larger in the treatment group than in the control group. However, the sagittal diameter index of the herniated nucleus pulposus and the angle between the nerve root sleeve and the thecal sac did not change significantly in either the treatment or control groups. The effectiveness of Feng's Spinal Manipulation for the treatment of symptoms associated with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation may be attributable to the relief of nerve root compression, without affecting the herniated nucleus pulposus or changing the morphology or position of the nerve root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Research Center of Manipulative Treatment, General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Research Center of Manipulative Treatment, General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wendong Yang
- Research Center of Manipulative Treatment, General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tianyou Feng
- Research Center of Manipulative Treatment, General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, China,
Corresponding author: Tianyou Feng, Chief physician, Professor, Research Center of Manipulative Treatment, General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, China, (N20120529002)
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2000
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Ke X, Chen J, Zhang X, Fang W, Yang C, Peng J, Chen Y, Sferra TJ. Qing Hua Chang Yin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human intestinal cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:189-193. [PMID: 23935744 PMCID: PMC3735875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is tightly regulated by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Thus, the suppression of NF-κB signaling may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of UC. Qing Hua Chang Yin (QHCY) is a traditional Chinese formulation, which has been used for a number of years to clinically treat UC. However, little is known with regard to its anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro inflammatory model of the human intestinal epithelium to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of QHCY and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We observed that QHCY inhibited the inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells as it significantly and concentration-dependently reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-8 in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, QHCY treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that QHCY suppressed the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammation may constitute a potential mechanism by which QHCY treats UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003
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