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Yamagata K, Tsuyama T, Sato Y. Roles of β-Cell Hypoxia in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4186. [PMID: 38673770 PMCID: PMC11050445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia; impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is a hallmark of this disease. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia occurs in the β-cells of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypoxia, in turn, contributes to the insulin secretion defect and β-cell loss through various mechanisms, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, induction of transcriptional repressors, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the contribution of β-cell hypoxia to the development of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of β-cell hypoxia might be useful in the development of new strategies for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
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2
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Lu Y, Tian H, Peng H, Wang Q, Bunnell BA, Bazan NG, Hong S. Novel lipid mediator 7 S,14 R-docosahexaenoic acid: biogenesis and harnessing mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate diabetic mellitus and retinal pericyte loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1380059. [PMID: 38533089 PMCID: PMC10963555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1380059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cells can be used to treat diabetic mellitus and complications. ω3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived lipid mediators are inflammation-resolving and protective. This study found novel DHA-derived 7S,14R-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (7S,14R-diHDHA), a maresin-1 stereoisomer biosynthesized by leukocytes and related enzymes. Moreover, 7S,14R-diHDHA can enhance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions in the amelioration of diabetic mellitus and retinal pericyte loss in diabetic db/db mice. Methods: MSCs treated with 7S,14R-diHDHA were delivered into db/db mice i.v. every 5 days for 35 days. Results: Blood glucose levels in diabetic mice were lowered by 7S,14R-diHDHA-treated MSCs compared to control and untreated MSC groups, accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and higher blood insulin levels. 7S,14R-diHDHA-treated MSCs increased insulin+ β-cell ratio and decreased glucogan+ α-cell ratio in islets, as well as reduced macrophages in pancreas. 7S,14R-diHDHA induced MSC functions in promoting MIN6 β-cell viability and insulin secretion. 7S,14R-diHDHA induced MSC paracrine functions by increasing the generation of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, 7S,14R-diHDHA enhanced MSC functions to ameliorate diabetes-caused pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy by increasing their density in retina in db/db mice. Discussion: Our findings provide a novel strategy for improving therapy for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy using 7S,14R-diHDHA-primed MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Bi J, Zhou W, Tang Z. Pathogenesis of diabetic complications: Exploring hypoxic niche formation and HIF-1α activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116202. [PMID: 38330707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of diabetic tissues, which highly correlates to the progression of diabetes. The formation of hypoxic context is induced by disrupted oxygen homeostasis that is predominantly driven by vascular remodeling in diabetes. While different types of vascular impairments have been reported, the specific features and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Under hypoxic condition, cells upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen sensor that coordinates oxygen concentration and cell metabolism under hypoxic conditions. However, diabetic context exploits this machinery for pathogenic functions. Although HIF-1α protects cells from diabetic insult in multiple tissues, it also jeopardizes cell function in the retina. To gain a deeper understanding of hypoxia in diabetic complications, we focus on the formation of tissue hypoxia and the outcomes of HIF-1α dysregulation under diabetic context. Hopefully, this review can provide a better understanding on hypoxia biology in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Bi
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases, Ministry of Education,Southwest Medical University, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Yucebio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases, Ministry of Education,Southwest Medical University, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Hai Y, Ren K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao H, Yuan X, Su L, Li H, Feng X, Liu D. HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116158. [PMID: 38242039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Haoshi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Linling Su
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Quiroz JN, Brugo MB, Knubel CP, Herrera MR, Fozzatti L, Avila Pacheco J, Clish CB, Takenaka MC, Beloscar J, Theumer MG, Quintana FJ, Perez AR, Motrán CC. Association between altered tryptophan metabolism, plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and inflammatory Chagas disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1267641. [PMID: 38283348 PMCID: PMC10811785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease causes a cardiac illness characterized by immunoinflammatory reactions leading to myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The development of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC) in some patients while others remain asymptomatic is not fully understood, but dysregulated inflammatory responses are implicated. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. Certain tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been identified as AhR ligands with regulatory functions. Methods results and discussion We investigated AhR expression, agonist response, ligand production, and AhR-dependent responses, such as IDO activation and regulatory T (Treg) cells induction, in two T. cruzi-infected mouse strains (B6 and Balb/c) showing different polymorphisms in AhR. Furthermore, we assessed the metabolic profile of Trp catabolites and AhR agonistic activity levels in plasma samples from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) and healthy donors (HD) using a luciferase reporter assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis. T. cruzi-infected B6 mice showed impaired AhR-dependent responses compared to Balb/c mice, including reduced IDO activity, kynurenine levels, Treg cell induction, CYP1A1 up-regulation, and AhR expression following agonist activation. Additionally, B6 mice exhibited no detectable AhR agonist activity in plasma and displayed lower CYP1A1 up-regulation and AhR expression upon agonist activation. Similarly, CCC patients had decreased AhR agonistic activity in plasma compared to HD patients and exhibited dysregulation in Trp metabolic pathways, resulting in altered plasma metabolite profiles. Notably, patients with severe CCC specifically showed increased N-acetylserotonin levels in their plasma. The methods and findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of CCC development mechanisms and may identify potential specific biomarkers for T. cruzi infection and the severity of associated heart disease. These insights could be valuable in designing new therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this research aims to establish the AhR agonistic activity and Trp metabolic profile in plasma as an innovative, non-invasive predictor of prognosis for chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paola Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Rocío Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julián Avila Pacheco
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maisa C. Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Beloscar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Departamento de Chagas, Hospital Provincial del Centenario y Cátedra de Cardiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Rosa Perez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Wang H, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Parhar RS, Gaugler R, Hashmi S. Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1463-1477. [PMID: 37970124 PMCID: PMC10642420 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a recent increase in the worldwide prevalence of both obesity and diabetes. In this review we assessed insulin signaling, genetics, environment, lipid metabolism dysfunction and mitochondria as the major determinants in diabetes and to identify the potential mechanism of gut microbiota in diabetes diseases. We searched relevant articles, which have key information from laboratory experiments, epidemiological evidence, clinical trials, experimental models, meta-analysis and review articles, in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholars and Cochrane Controlled Trial Database. We selected 144 full-length articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria for complete assessment. We have briefly discussed these associations, challenges, and the need for further research to manage and treat diabetes more efficiently. Diabetes involves the complex network of physiological dysfunction that can be attributed to insulin signaling, genetics, environment, obesity, mitochondria and stress. In recent years, there are intriguing findings regarding gut microbiome as the important regulator of diabetes. Valid approaches are necessary for speeding medical advances but we should find a solution sooner given the burden of the metabolic disorder - What we need is a collaborative venture that may involve laboratories both in academia and industries for the scientific progress and its application for the diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ranjit S Parhar
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy Gaugler
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Sarwar Hashmi
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Research and Diagnostics, Ghazala and Sanya Hashmi Foundation, Holmdel, NJ 07733, United States
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Ghimire K, Kale A, Li J, Julovi SM, O'Connell P, Grey ST, Hawthorne WJ, Gunton JE, Rogers NM. A metabolic role for CD47 in pancreatic β cell insulin secretion and islet transplant outcomes. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd2387. [PMID: 37820008 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global public health burden and is characterized clinically by relative or absolute insulin deficiency. Therapeutic agents that stimulate insulin secretion and improve insulin sensitivity are in high demand as treatment options. CD47 is a cell surface glycoprotein implicated in multiple cellular functions including recognition of self, angiogenesis, and nitric oxide signaling; however, its role in the regulation of insulin secretion remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CD47 receptor signaling inhibits insulin release from human as well as mouse pancreatic β cells and that it can be pharmacologically exploited to boost insulin secretion in both models. CD47 depletion stimulated insulin granule exocytosis via activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 in β cells and improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity in vivo. CD47 blockade enhanced syngeneic islet transplantation efficiency and expedited the return to euglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Further, anti-CD47 antibody treatment delayed the onset of diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and protected them from overt diabetes. Our findings identify CD47 as a regulator of insulin secretion, and its manipulation in β cells offers a therapeutic opportunity for diabetes and islet transplantation by correcting insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Ghimire
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Atharva Kale
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jennifer Li
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sohel M Julovi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Philip O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, WIMR, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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8
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Romero A, Heidenreich AC, Román CL, Algañarás M, Nazer E, Gagliardino JJ, Maiztegui B, Flores LE, Rodríguez-Seguí SA. Transcriptional signature of islet neogenesis-associated protein peptide-treated rat pancreatic islets reveals induction of novel long non-coding RNAs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1226615. [PMID: 37842306 PMCID: PMC10570750 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1226615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with loss of β-cell function and mass. An attractive therapeutic approach to treat patients with diabetes in a non-invasive way is to harness the innate regenerative potential of the pancreas. The Islet Neogenesis-Associated Protein pentadecapeptide (INGAP-PP) has been shown to induce β-cell regeneration and improve their function in rodents. To investigate its possible mechanism of action, we report here the global transcriptional effects induced by the short-term INGAP-PP in vitro treatment of adult rat pancreatic islets. Methods and findings Rat pancreatic islets were cultured in vitro in the presence of INGAP-PP for 4 days, and RNA-seq was generated from triplicate treated and control islet samples. We performed a de novo rat gene annotation based on the alignment of RNA-seq reads. The list of INGAP-PP-regulated genes was integrated with epigenomic data. Using the new gene annotation generated in this work, we quantified RNA-seq data profiled in INS-1 cells treated with IL1β, IL1β+Calcipotriol (a vitamin D agonist) or vehicle, and single-cell RNA-seq data profiled in rat pancreatic islets. We found 1,669 differentially expressed genes by INGAP-PP treatment, including dozens of previously unannotated rat transcripts. Genes differentially expressed by the INGAP-PP treatment included a subset of upregulated transcripts that are associated with vitamin D receptor activation. Supported by epigenomic and single-cell RNA-seq data, we identified 9 previously unannotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) upregulated by INGAP-PP, some of which are also differentially regulated by IL1β and vitamin D in β-cells. These include Ri-lnc1, which is enriched in mature β-cells. Conclusions Our results reveal the transcriptional program that could explain the enhancement of INGAP-PP-mediated physiological effects on β-cell mass and function. We identified novel lncRNAs that are induced by INGAP-PP in rat islets, some of which are selectively expressed in pancreatic β-cells and downregulated by IL1β treatment of INS-1 cells. Our results suggest a relevant function for Ri-lnc1 in β-cells. These findings are expected to provide the basis for a deeper understanding of islet translational results from rodents to humans, with the ultimate goal of designing new therapies for people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Heidenreich
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Román
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET- Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Macarena Algañarás
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET- Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Nazer
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Gagliardino
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET- Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Maiztegui
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET- Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis E. Flores
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET- Centro Asociado a la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago A. Rodríguez-Seguí
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Stamateris RE, Landa-Galvan HV, Sharma RB, Darko C, Redmond D, Rane SG, Alonso LC. Noncanonical CDK4 signaling rescues diabetes in a mouse model by promoting β cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166490. [PMID: 37712417 PMCID: PMC10503800 DOI: 10.1172/jci166490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding β cell mass is a critical goal in the fight against diabetes. CDK4, an extensively characterized cell cycle activator, is required to establish and maintain β cell number. β cell failure in the IRS2-deletion mouse type 2 diabetes model is, in part, due to loss of CDK4 regulator cyclin D2. We set out to determine whether replacement of endogenous CDK4 with the inhibitor-resistant mutant CDK4-R24C rescued the loss of β cell mass in IRS2-deficient mice. Surprisingly, not only β cell mass but also β cell dedifferentiation was effectively rescued, despite no improvement in whole body insulin sensitivity. Ex vivo studies in primary islet cells revealed a mechanism in which CDK4 intervened downstream in the insulin signaling pathway to prevent FOXO1-mediated transcriptional repression of critical β cell transcription factor Pdx1. FOXO1 inhibition was not related to E2F1 activity, to FOXO1 phosphorylation, or even to FOXO1 subcellular localization, but rather was related to deacetylation and reduced FOXO1 abundance. Taken together, these results demonstrate a differentiation-promoting activity of the classical cell cycle activator CDK4 and support the concept that β cell mass can be expanded without compromising function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Stamateris
- MD/PhD Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huguet V. Landa-Galvan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Rohit B. Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Christine Darko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - David Redmond
- Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Regenerative Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sushil G. Rane
- Integrative Cellular Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura C. Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
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10
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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11
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Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Sadeghalvad M, Yavari N, Primavera R, Soltani S, Chetty S, Ganguly A, Regmi S, Fløyel T, Kaur S, Mirza AH, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040649. [PMID: 37189396 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells' fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67155-1616, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Iran
| | - Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tina Fløyel
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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12
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Chen JX, Li L, Cantrell AC, Williams QA, Zeng H. High Glucose Activates Prolyl Hydroxylases and Disrupts HIF-α Signaling via the P53/TIGAR Pathway in Cardiomyocyte. Cells 2023; 12:1060. [PMID: 37048134 PMCID: PMC10093703 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of hypoxia tolerance has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic diseases. The disruption of hypoxic signaling by hyperglycemia has been shown to contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms by which high glucose (HG) impairs hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) signaling in cardiomyocytes. The exposure of H9c2 cell lines to HG resulted in time- and concentration-dependent decreases in HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression together with an increase in prolyl hydroxylase-1,2 (PHD1 and PHD2) expression, the main regulators of HIF-α destabilization in the heart. The exposure of H9c2 cells to normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high glucose (15, 30, and 45 mM) led to dose-dependent increases in p53 and TIGAR and a decrease in SIRT3 expression. The pretreatment of H9c2 with p53 siRNA to knockdown p53 attenuated PHD1 and PHD2 expression, thus significantly enhancing HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in H9c2 cells under HG conditions. Interestingly, pretreatment with p53 siRNA altered H9c2 cell metabolism by reducing oxygen consumption rate and increasing glycolysis. Similarly, pretreatment with TIGAR siRNA blunted HG-induced PHD1 and PHD2 expression. This was accompanied by an increase in HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression with a reduction in oxygen consumption rate in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with adenovirus-SIRT3 (Ad-SIRT3) significantly reduced the HG-induced expression of p53 and PHDs and increased HIF-1α levels in H9c2 cells. Ad-SIRT3 treatment also regulated PHDs-HIF-1α levels in the hearts of diabetic db/db mice. Our study revealed a novel role of the HG-induced disruption of PHDs-HIF-α signaling via upregulating p53 and TIGAR expression. Therefore, the p53/TIGAR signaling pathway may be a novel target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.-X.C.)
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13
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Wilson PW, Cho C, Allsing N, Khanum S, Bose P, Grubschmidt A, Sant KE. Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol disrupt pancreatic organogenesis and gene expression in zebrafish embryos. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:458-473. [PMID: 36470842 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane (TCPM) and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH) are anthropogenic environmental contaminants believed to be manufacturing byproducts of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) due to environmental co-occurrence. TCPM and TCPMOH are persistent, bioaccumulate in the environment, and are detected in human breast milk and adipose tissues. DDT exposures have been previously shown to disrupt insulin signaling and glucoregulation, increasing risk for diabetes. We have previously shown that embryonic exposures organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls disrupted pancreatic development and early embryonic glucoregulatory networks. Here, we determined the impacts of the similar compounds TCPM and TCPMOH on zebrafish pancreatic growth and gene expression following developmental exposures. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 50 nM TCPM or TCPMOH beginning at 24 hr postfertilization (hpf) and exposures were refreshed daily. At 96 hpf, pancreatic growth and islet area were directly visualized in Tg(ptf1a::GFP) and Tg(insulin::GFP) embryos, respectively, using microscopy. Gene expression was assessed at 100 hpf with RNA sequencing. RESULTS Islet and total pancreas area were reduced by 20.8% and 13% in embryos exposed to 50 nM TCPMOH compared to controls. TCPM did not induce significant morphological changes to the developing pancreas, indicating TCPMOH, but not TCPM, impairs pancreatic development despite similarity in molecular responses. Transcriptomic responses to TCPM and TCPMOH were correlated (R2 = .903), and pathway analysis found downregulation of processes including retinol metabolism, circadian rhythm, and steroid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest that TCPM and TCPMOH may be hazardous to embryonic growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton W Wilson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christine Cho
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Allsing
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saleha Khanum
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pria Bose
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ava Grubschmidt
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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14
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Falode JA, Ajayi OI, Isinkaye TV, Adeoye AO, Ajiboye BO, Brai BIC, ADEOYE, Basiru Olaitan, AJIBOYE, BRAI BIC. Justicia carnea extracts ameliorated hepatocellular damage in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rats via decrease in oxidative stress, inflammation and increasing other risk markers. Biomarkers 2023; 28:177-189. [PMID: 36511112 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is still a raging disease not fully subdued globally, especially in Africa. Our study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic potentials of Justicia carnea extracts [crude (JCC), free (JFP) and bound phenol (JBP) fractions], in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes in male albino rats.Materials and MethodsAbout thirty (30) animals were induced for type 1 diabetes with STZ; thereafter, treatment began for 14 days, after which the animals were euthanized, blood/serum was collected, the liver was removed and divided into two portions, for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Standard procedures were used to evaluate the liver biomarkers, like alanine transaminase (ALT), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6- phosphatase, hexokinase activities, albumin, bilirubin, hepatic glucose concentrations; antioxidant status and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were similarly assessed.ResultsThese results revealed that the extracts ameliorated the harmful effects of STZ-induced diabetes in the liver by enhancing the activities of liver-based biomarkers, reducing the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine.DiscussionThe results agreed with previous research, and the free phenol fraction showed excellent results compared to othersConclusionThese suggested that J. carnea could serve as an alternative remedy in ameliorating liver complications linked to oxidative damage and inflammation in STZ-induced type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeolu Falode
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Igbekele Ajayi
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Victoria Isinkaye
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Akinwunmi Oluwaseun Adeoye
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew I C Brai
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - ADEOYE
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - AJIBOYE
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew I. C. BRAI
- Biomembranes and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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15
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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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16
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.12.528204. [PMID: 36824791 PMCID: PMC9949079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.12.528204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we used integrative single-cell sequencing on insectivorous and frugivorous bat kidneys and pancreases and identified key cell population, gene expression and regulatory element differences associated with frugivorous adaptation that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We found an increase in collecting duct cells and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the frugivore kidney. In the frugivorous pancreas, we observed an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. Combined, our work provides novel insights into frugivorous adaptation that also could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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17
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Wang J, Lu P, Xie W. Atypical functions of xenobiotic receptors in lipid and glucose metabolism. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:611-624. [PMID: 36785576 PMCID: PMC9912049 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic receptors are traditionally defined as xenobiotic chemical-sensing receptors, the activation of which transcriptionally regulates the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in the metabolism and disposition of xenobiotics. Emerging evidence suggests that "xenobiotic receptors" also have diverse endobiotic functions, including their effects on lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Understanding the molecular mechanism by which transcriptional factors, including the xenobiotic receptors, regulate lipid homeostasis will help to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review describes recent advances in our understanding the atypical roles of three xenobiotic receptors: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), in metabolic disorders, with a particular focus on their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Collectively, the literatures suggest the potential values of AhR, PXR and CAR as therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD, NASH, obesity and diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peipei Lu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Sayed TS, Maayah ZH, Zeidan HA, Agouni A, Korashy HM. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes development. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:103. [PMID: 36418969 PMCID: PMC9682773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that mediates the toxicities of several environmental pollutants. Decades of research have been carried out to understand the role of AhR as a novel mechanism for disease development. Its involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus have long been known. One of the current hot research topics is investigating the role of AhR activation by environmental pollutants on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, and hence the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. To date, epidemiological studies have suggested that persistent exposure to environmental contaminants such as dioxins, with subsequent AhR activation increases the risk of specific comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. The importance of AhR signaling in various molecular pathways highlights that the role of this receptor is far beyond just xenobiotic metabolism. The present review aims at providing significant insight into the physiological and pathological role of AhR and its regulated enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 in both types of diabetes. It also provides a comprehensive summary of the current findings of recent research studies investigating the role of the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway in insulin secretion and glucose hemostasis in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues. This review further highlights the molecular mechanisms involved, such as gluconeogenesis, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen S. Sayed
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zaid H. Maayah
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba A. Zeidan
- grid.498552.70000 0004 0409 8340American School of Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Fan R, Peng X, Xie L, Dong K, Ma D, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang S, Chen J, Yu X, Yang Y. Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and interventions. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13704. [PMID: 36056774 PMCID: PMC9577946 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging world population, the prevalence of aging-related disorders is on the rise. Diseases such as Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Parkinson's, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis are age-related, and most of these diseases are comorbidities or risk factors for AD; however, our understandings of molecular events that regulate the occurrence of these diseases are still not fully understood. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1) is an irreplaceable clock gene that governs multiple important physiological processes. Continuous research of Bmal1 in AD and associated aging-related diseases is ongoing, and this review picks relevant studies on a detailed account of its role and mechanisms in these diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation turned out to be common mechanisms by which Bmal1 deficiency promotes AD and associated aging-related diseases, and other Bmal1-dependent mechanisms remain to be identified. Promising therapeutic strategies involved in the regulation of Bmal1 are provided, including melatonin, natural compounds, metformin, d-Ser2-oxyntomodulin, and other interventions, such as exercise, time-restricted feeding, and adiponectin. The establishment of the signaling pathway network for Bmal1 in aging-related diseases will lead to advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, shedding light on novel treatments for aging-related diseases and promoting aging-associated brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Xuemin Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesWuhanChina
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20
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Mukai E, Fujimoto S, Inagaki N. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Glucose Metabolism Disorder in Diabetic Pancreatic β-Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091228. [PMID: 36139067 PMCID: PMC9496160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells plays a central role in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin secretory defects in β-cells are characterized by a selective impairment of glucose stimulation, and a reduction in glucose-induced ATP production, which is essential for insulin secretion. High glucose metabolism for insulin secretion generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. In addition, the expression of antioxidant enzymes is very low in β-cells. Therefore, β-cells are easily exposed to oxidative stress. In islet studies using a nonobese T2DM animal model that exhibits selective impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS), quenching ROS generated by glucose stimulation and accumulated under glucose toxicity can improve impaired GSIS. Acute ROS generation and toxicity cause glucose metabolism disorders through different molecular mechanisms. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of antioxidant defense and a potential therapeutic target in oxidative stress-related diseases, suggesting the possible involvement of Nrf2 in β-cell dysfunction caused by ROS. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of insulin secretory defects induced by oxidative stress in diabetic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Mukai
- Medical Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 5258577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 7838505, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
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21
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Mahmoudi A, Atkin SL, Nikiforov NG, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Diabetes: An Analysis Based on Bioinformatic Findings. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153244. [PMID: 35956419 PMCID: PMC9370108 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent global disease caused by the impairment in insulin production or insulin function. Diabetes in the long term causes both microvascular and macrovascular complications that may result in retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Considerable effort has been expended looking at the numerous genes and pathways to explain the mechanisms leading to diabetes-related complications. Curcumin is a traditional medicine with several properties such as being antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial, which may have utility for treating diabetes complications. This study, based on the system biology approach, aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on critical genes and pathways related to diabetes. METHODS We first searched interactions of curcumin in three different databases, including STITCH, TTD, and DGIdb. Subsequently, we investigated the critical curated protein targets for diabetes on the OMIM and DisGeNET databases. To find important clustering groups (MCODE) and critical hub genes in the network of diseases, we created a PPI network for all proteins obtained for diabetes with the aid of a string database and Cytoscape software. Next, we investigated the possible interactions of curcumin on diabetes-related genes using Venn diagrams. Furthermore, the impact of curcumin on the top scores of modular clusters was analysed. Finally, we conducted biological process and pathway enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG based on the enrichR web server. RESULTS We acquired 417 genes associated with diabetes, and their constructed PPI network contained 298 nodes and 1651 edges. Next, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network indicated 15 genes with the highest centralities. Additionally, MCODE analysis identified three modular clusters, which highest score cluster (MCODE 1) comprises 19 nodes and 92 edges with 10.22 scores. Screening curcumin interactions in the databases identified 158 protein targets. A Venn diagram of genes related to diabetes and the protein targets of curcumin showed 35 shared proteins, which observed that curcumin could strongly interact with ten of the hub genes. Moreover, we demonstrated that curcumin has the highest interaction with MCODE1 among all MCODs. Several significant biological pathways in KEGG enrichment associated with 35 shared included the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The biological processes of GO analysis were involved with the cellular response to cytokine stimulus, the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction and cytokine production in the inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Curcumin targeted several important genes involved in diabetes, supporting the previous research suggesting that it may have utility as a therapeutic agent in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
- Correspondence: (S.L.A.); or (A.S.)
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.L.A.); or (A.S.)
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22
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Moon JS, Riopel M, Seo JB, Herrero-Aguayo V, Isaac R, Lee YS. HIF-2α Preserves Mitochondrial Activity and Glucose Sensing in Compensating β-Cells in Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1508-1524. [PMID: 35472707 PMCID: PMC9233300 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, increased mitochondrial metabolism with the accumulation of oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial damage and β-cell dysfunction. In particular, β-cells express antioxidant enzymes at relatively low levels and are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Early in the development of obesity, β-cells exhibit increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in order to compensate for insulin resistance. This increase in β-cell function under the condition of enhanced metabolic stress suggests that β-cells possess a defense mechanism against increased oxidative damage, which may become insufficient or decline at the onset of type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that metabolic stress induces β-cell hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), which stimulates antioxidant gene expression (e.g., Sod2 and Cat) and protects against mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent mitochondrial damage. Knockdown of HIF-2α in Min6 cells exaggerated chronic high glucose-induced mitochondrial damage and β-cell dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial ROS levels. Moreover, inducible β-cell HIF-2α knockout mice developed more severe β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance on a high-fat diet, along with increased ROS levels and decreased islet mitochondrial mass. Our results provide a previously unknown mechanism through which β-cells defend against increased metabolic stress to promote β-cell compensation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Su Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Corresponding author: Yun Sok Lee,
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23
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Urbanczyk M, Zbinden A, Schenke-Layland K. Organ-specific endothelial cell heterogenicity and its impact on regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114323. [PMID: 35568103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a key cellular component of the vascular system as they form the inner lining of the blood vessels. Recent findings highlight that ECs express extensive phenotypic heterogenicity when following the vascular tree from the major vasculature down to the organ capillaries. However, in vitro models, used for drug development and testing, or to study the role of ECs in health and disease, rarely acknowledge this EC heterogenicity. In this review, we highlight the main differences between different EC types, briefly summarize their different characteristics and focus on the use of ECs in in vitro models. We introduce different approaches on how ECs can be utilized in co-culture test systems in the field of brain, pancreas, and liver research to study the role of the endothelium in health and disease. Finally, we discuss potential improvements to current state-of-the-art in vitro models and future directions.
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24
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Lau SL, Stokes RA, Ng B, Cheng K, Clifton-Bligh R, Gunton JE. Metabolic changes in vitamin D receptor knockout mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267573. [PMID: 35714079 PMCID: PMC9205491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
VDR expression has been found in many cell types involved in metabolism, including the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets. Activated vitamin D and its interactions with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are implicated in glucose homeostasis. We investigated the metabolic phenotype of the VDR-null (VDRKO) mouse at early and middle age. All offspring of heterozygote VDRKO breeding-pairs were fed ‘rescue diet’ from weaning to normalize calcium and phosphate levels in VDRKO and to avoid confounding by different diets. Glucose tolerance testing was performed at 7 and 24 weeks of age. Insulin tolerance testing, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, body-composition studies and islet isolation were performed at 25–27 weeks. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was tested in isolated islets. VDRKO mice had reduced bone density, subcutaneous fat mass and muscle weights compared to WT mice. Despite reduced fat mass, glucose tolerance did not differ significantly. Male but not female VDRKO had improved insulin sensitivity. Global loss of VDR has significant effects on organs involved in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In the setting of decreased fat mass, a clear effect on glucose tolerance was not present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Lynn Lau
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Stokes
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beverly Ng
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Cheng
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Geng L, Liao B, Jin L, Yu J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Wang B, Li J, Liu J, Yang JK, Jia W, Lian Q, Xu A. β-Klotho promotes glycolysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via GP130. Nat Metab 2022; 4:608-626. [PMID: 35551509 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes. However, cellular signaling machineries that control GSIS remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that β-klotho (KLB), a single-pass transmembrane protein known as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fine tunes GSIS via modulation of glycolysis in pancreatic β-cells independent of the actions of FGF21. β-cell-specific deletion of Klb but not Fgf21 deletion causes defective GSIS and glucose intolerance in mice and defective GSIS in islets of type-2 diabetic mice is mitigated by adenovirus-mediated restoration of KLB. Mechanistically, KLB interacts with and stabilizes the cytokine receptor subunit GP130 by blockage of ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, thereby facilitating interleukin-6-evoked STAT3-HIF1α signaling, which in turn transactivates a cluster of glycolytic genes for adenosine triphosphate production and GSIS. The defective glycolysis and GSIS in Klb-deficient islets are rescued by adenovirus-mediated replenishment of STAT3 or HIF1α. Thus, KLB functions as a key cell-surface regulator of GSIS by coupling the GP130 receptor signaling to glucose catabolism in β-cells and represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boya Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiasui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Karagiannopoulos A, Esguerra JL, Pedersen MG, Wendt A, Prasad RB, Eliasson L. Human pancreatic islet miRNA-mRNA networks of altered miRNAs due to glycemic status. iScience 2022; 25:103995. [PMID: 35310942 PMCID: PMC8927907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via mRNA targeting, playing important roles in the pancreatic islets. We aimed to identify molecular pathways and genomic regulatory regions associated with altered miRNA expression due to glycemic status, which could contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To this end, miRNAs were identified by a combination of differential miRNA expression and correlation analysis in human islet samples from donors with normal and elevated blood glucose levels. Analysis and clustering of highly correlated, experimentally validated gene targets of these miRNAs revealed two islet-specific clusters, which were associated with key aspects of islet functions and included a high number of T2D-related genes. Finally, cis-eQTLs and public GWAS data integration uncovered suggestive genomic signals of association with insulin secretion and T2D. The miRNA-driven network-based approach presented in this study contributes to a better understanding of impaired insulin secretion in T2D pathogenesis. Network-based islet miRNA approaches provide a better insight into T2D pathogenesis Islets from healthy and hyperglycemic donors have distinct miRNA profiles Differentially expressed miRNAs regulate gene networks that affect islet function Specific miRNA eQTLs overlap with insulin secretion and T2D genetic markers
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Morten G. Pedersen
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author
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27
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Ilegems E, Bryzgalova G, Correia J, Yesildag B, Berra E, Ruas JL, Pereira TS, Berggren PO. HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 preserves pancreatic β cell function in diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaba9112. [PMID: 35353540 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba9112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During progression of type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β cells are subjected to sustained metabolic overload. We postulated that this state mediates a hypoxic phenotype driven by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and that treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 would improve β cell function. Our studies showed that the HIF-1α protein was present in pancreatic β cells of diabetic mouse models. In mouse islets with high glucose metabolism, the emergence of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations at low glucose concentration and the abnormally high basal release of insulin were suppressed by treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478, indicating improvement of β cell function. Treatment of db/db mice with PX-478 prevented the rise of glycemia and diabetes progression by maintenance of elevated plasma insulin concentration. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, PX-478 improved the recovery of glucose homeostasis. Islets isolated from these mice showed hallmarks of improved β cell function including elevation of insulin content, increased expression of genes involved in β cell function and maturity, inhibition of dedifferentiation markers, and formation of mature insulin granules. In response to PX-478 treatment, human islet organoids chronically exposed to high glucose presented improved stimulation index of glucose-induced insulin secretion. These results suggest that the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 has the potential to act as an antidiabetic therapeutic agent that preserves β cell function under metabolic overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Galyna Bryzgalova
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Edurne Berra
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa S Pereira
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 308232 Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, BT52 1SA Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Mechanistic Investigation of GHS-R Mediated Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030407. [PMID: 35327599 PMCID: PMC8945998 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin receptor, a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is expressed in the pancreas. Emerging evidence indicates that GHS-R is involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the mechanism by which GHS-R regulates GSIS in the pancreas is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of GHS-R on GSIS in detail using global Ghsr−/− mice (in vivo) and Ghsr-ablated pancreatic islets (ex vivo). GSIS was attenuated in both Ghsr−/− mice and Ghsr-ablated islets, while the islet morphology was similar between WT and Ghsr−/− mice. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning Ghsr-mediated GSIS, we investigated the key steps of the GSIS signaling cascade. The gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) and the glucose-metabolic intermediate—glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) were reduced in Ghsr-ablated islets, supporting decreased glucose uptake. There was no difference in mitochondrial DNA content in the islets of WT and Ghsr−/− mice, but the ATP/ADP ratio in Ghsr−/− islets was significantly lower than that of WT islets. Moreover, the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), as well as insulin signaling genes of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/IRS2), was downregulated in Ghsr−/− islets. Akt is the key mediator of the insulin signaling cascade. Concurrently, Akt phosphorylation was reduced in the pancreas of Ghsr−/− mice under both insulin-stimulated and homeostatic conditions. These findings demonstrate that GHS-R ablation affects key components of the insulin signaling pathway in the pancreas, suggesting the existence of a cross-talk between GHS-R and the insulin signaling pathway in pancreatic islets, and GHS-R likely regulates GSIS via the Akt-Pdx1-GLUT2 pathway.
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Halperin F, Mezza T, Li P, Shirakawa J, Kulkarni RN, Goldfine AB. Insulin regulates arginine-stimulated insulin secretion in humans. Metabolism 2022; 128:155117. [PMID: 34999111 PMCID: PMC8821403 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.155117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These effects are attenuated in beta cell-specific insulin receptor knockout mice and insulin resistant humans. This investigation examines whether short duration insulin exposure regulates beta cell responsiveness to arginine, a non-glucose secretagogue, in healthy humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arginine-stimulated insulin secretion was studied in 10 healthy humans. In each subject arginine was administered as a bolus followed by continuous infusion on two occasions one month apart, after sham/saline or hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp, respectively providing low and high insulin pre-exposure conditions. Arginine-stimulated insulin secretion was measured by C-peptide deconvolution, and by a selective immunogenic (DAKO) assay for direct measurement of endogenous but not exogenous insulin. RESULTS Pre-exposure to exogenous insulin augmented arginine-stimulated insulin secretion. The effect was seen acutely following arginine bolus (endogenous DAKO insulin incremental AUC240-255min 311.6 ± 208.1 (post-insulin exposure) versus 120.6 ± 42.2 μU/ml•min (sham/saline) (t-test P = 0.021)), as well as in response to continuous arginine infusion (DAKO insulin incremental AUC260-290min 1095.3 ± 592.1 (sham/saline) versus 564.8 ± 207.1 μU/ml•min (high insulin)(P = 0.009)). Findings were similar when beta cell response was assessed using C-peptide, insulin secretion rates by deconvolution, and the C-peptide to glucose ratio. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a physiologic role of insulin in regulation of the beta cell secretory response to arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Halperin
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Ping Li
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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30
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Eguchi N, Toribio AJ, Alexander M, Xu I, Whaley DL, Hernandez LF, Dafoe D, Ichii H. Dysregulation of β-Cell Proliferation in Diabetes: Possibilities of Combination Therapy in the Development of a Comprehensive Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020472. [PMID: 35203680 PMCID: PMC8962301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of insufficient insulin levels and/or impaired function as a result of autoimmune destruction or insulin resistance. While Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) occur through different pathological processes, both result in β-cell destruction and/or dysfunction, which ultimately lead to insufficient β-cell mass to maintain normoglycemia. Therefore, therapeutic agents capable of inducing β-cell proliferation is crucial in treating and reversing diabetes; unfortunately, adult human β-cell proliferation has been shown to be very limited (~0.2% of β-cells/24 h) and poorly responsive to many mitogens. Furthermore, diabetogenic insults result in damage to β cells, making it ever more difficult to induce proliferation. In this review, we discuss β-cell mass/proliferation pathways dysregulated in diabetes and current therapeutic agents studied to induce β-cell proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss possible combination therapies of proliferation agents with immunosuppressants and antioxidative therapy to improve overall long-term outcomes of diabetes.
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31
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Skovsø S, Panzhinskiy E, Kolic J, Cen HH, Dionne DA, Dai XQ, Sharma RB, Elghazi L, Ellis CE, Faulkner K, Marcil SAM, Overby P, Noursadeghi N, Hutchinson D, Hu X, Li H, Modi H, Wildi JS, Botezelli JD, Noh HL, Suk S, Gablaski B, Bautista A, Kim R, Cras-Méneur C, Flibotte S, Sinha S, Luciani DS, Nislow C, Rideout EJ, Cytrynbaum EN, Kim JK, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alonso LC, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Beta-cell specific Insr deletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:735. [PMID: 35136059 PMCID: PMC8826929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (Insr) protein is present at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic. Here, we use an Ins1cre knock-in allele to delete Insr specifically in β-cells of both female and male mice. We compare experimental mice to Ins1cre-containing littermate controls at multiple ages and on multiple diets. RNA-seq of purified recombined β-cells reveals transcriptomic consequences of Insr loss, which differ between female and male mice. Action potential and calcium oscillation frequencies are increased in Insr knockout β-cells from female, but not male mice, whereas only male βInsrKO islets have reduced ATP-coupled oxygen consumption rate and reduced expression of genes involved in ATP synthesis. Female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice exhibit elevated insulin release in ex vivo perifusion experiments, during hyperglycemic clamps, and following i.p. glucose challenge. Deletion of Insr does not alter β-cell area up to 9 months of age, nor does it impair hyperglycemia-induced proliferation. Based on our data, we adapt a mathematical model to include β-cell insulin resistance, which predicts that β-cell Insr knockout improves glucose tolerance depending on the degree of whole-body insulin resistance. Indeed, glucose tolerance is significantly improved in female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice compared to controls at 9, 21 and 39 weeks, and also in insulin-sensitive 4-week old males. We observe no improved glucose tolerance in older male mice or in high fat diet-fed mice, corroborating the prediction that global insulin resistance obscures the effects of β-cell specific insulin resistance. The propensity for hyperinsulinemia is associated with mildly reduced fasting glucose and increased body weight. We further validate our main in vivo findings using an Ins1-CreERT transgenic line and find that male mice have improved glucose tolerance 4 weeks after tamoxifen-mediated Insr deletion. Collectively, our data show that β-cell insulin resistance in the form of reduced β-cell Insr contributes to hyperinsulinemia in the context of glucose stimulation, thereby improving glucose homeostasis in otherwise insulin sensitive sex, dietary and age contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Skovsø
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jelena Kolic
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek A Dionne
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katharine Faulkner
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A M Marcil
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Overby
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nilou Noursadeghi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daria Hutchinson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong Li
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honey Modi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Wildi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Diego Botezelli
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brian Gablaski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Austin Bautista
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- UBC Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric N Cytrynbaum
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Nazari M, Ho KW, Langley N, Cha KM, Kodsi R, Wang M, Laybutt DR, Cheng K, Stokes RA, Swarbrick MM, Gunton JE. Iron chelation increases beige fat differentiation and metabolic activity, preventing and treating obesity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:776. [PMID: 35031684 PMCID: PMC8760280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige and brown fat consume glucose and lipids to produce heat, using uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). It is thought that full activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may increase total daily energy expenditure by 20%. Humans normally have more beige and potentially beige-able fat than brown fat. Strategies to increase beige fat differentiation and activation may be useful for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Mice were fed chow or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without the iron chelator deferasirox. Animals fed HFD + deferasirox were markedly lighter than their HFD controls with increased energy expenditure (12% increase over 24 h, p < 0.001). Inguinal fat from HFD + deferasirox mice showed increased beige fat quantity with greater Ucp1 and Prdm16 expression. Inguinal adipose tissue explants were studied in a Seahorse bioanalyser and energy expenditure was significantly increased. Deferasirox was also effective in established obesity and in ob/ob mice, indicating that intact leptin signalling is not needed for efficacy. These studies identify iron chelation as a strategy to preferentially activate beige fat. Whether activating brown/beige fat is effective in humans is unproven. However, depleting iron to low-normal levels is a potential therapeutic strategy to improve obesity and related metabolic disorders, and human studies may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Nazari
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha Langley
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kuan M Cha
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond Kodsi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mawson Wang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Cheng
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Stokes
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia. .,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Bahreini F, Rayzan E, Rezaei N. MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e021421191398. [PMID: 33588736 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210215111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, progressive, autoimmune disease with a strong genetic feature that can affect multiple organs, including the kidney, eyes, and nerves. Early detection of type 1 diabetes can help critically to avoid serious damages to these organs. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that act in post-transcriptional gene regulation by attaching to the complementary sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes. Alterations in the expression of microRNA coding genes are extensively reported in several diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Presenting non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of type 1 diabetes by quantifying microRNAs gene expression level can be a significant step in biotechnology and medicine. This review discusses the area of microRNAs dysregulation in type 1 diabetes and affected molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic islet cell formation and dysregulation in the expression of inflammatory elements as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Cannon AS, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Targeting AhR as a Novel Therapeutic Modality against Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:288. [PMID: 35008717 PMCID: PMC8745713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) was excluded from consideration as a therapeutic approach due to the potential toxic effects of AhR ligands and the induction of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, Cyp1a1, following AhR activation. However, it is now understood that AhR activation not only serves as an environmental sensor that regulates the effects of environmental toxins, but also as a key immunomodulator where ligands induce a variety of cellular and epigenetic mechanisms to attenuate inflammation. Thus, the emergence of further in-depth research into diverse groups of compounds capable of activating this receptor has prompted reconsideration of its use therapeutically. The aim of this review is to summarize the body of research surrounding AhR and its role in regulating inflammation. Specifically, evidence supporting the potential of targeting this receptor to modulate the immune response in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases will be highlighted. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of developing AhR-based therapies to suppress inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.S.C.); (P.S.N.)
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Tang Y, Su H, Wang H, Lu F, Nie K, Wang Z, Huang W, Dong H. The effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with depression based on network pharmacology and experimental analysis. Mol Med 2021; 27:154. [PMID: 34875999 PMCID: PMC8650382 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression is increasing year by year around the world, bringing a serious burden to patients and their families. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been approved to have hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects, respectively, but whether JTW has such dual effects and its potential mechanisms is still unknown. This study is to evaluate the dual therapeutic effects of JTW on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced DM combined with depression mice, and to explore the underlying mechanisms through network pharmacology. METHODS CRS was used on db/db mice for 21 days to induce depression-like behaviors, so as to obtain the DM combined with depression mouse model. Mice were treated with 0.9% saline (0.1 ml/10 g), JTW (3.2 mg/kg) and Fluoxetine (2.0 mg/kg), respectively. The effect of JTW was accessed by measuring fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, conducting behavioral tests and observing histopathological change. The ELISA assay was used to evaluate the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the UHPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the depression-related neurotransmitters levels in serum. The mechanism exploration of JTW against DM and depression were performed via a network pharmacological method. RESULTS The results of blood glucose measurement showed that JTW has a therapeutic effect on db/db mice. Behavioral tests and the levels of depression-related neurotransmitters proved that JTW can effectively ameliorate depression-like symptoms in mice induced by CRS. In addition, JTW can also improve the inflammatory state and reduce the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus. According to network pharmacology, 28 active compounds and 484 corresponding targets of JTW, 1407 DM targets and 1842 depression targets were collected by screening the databases, and a total of 117 targets were obtained after taking the intersection. JTW plays a role in reducing blood glucose level and antidepressant mainly through active compounds such as quercetin, styrene, cinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, (R)-Canadine, palmatine and berberine, etc., the key targets of its therapeutic effect include INS, AKT1, IL-6, VEGF-A, TNF and so on, mainly involved in HIF-1 signal pathway, pathways in cancer, Hepatitis B, TNF signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSION: Our experimental study showed that JTW has hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects. The possible mechanism was explored by network pharmacology, reflecting the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the experimental research and clinical application of JTW in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Winter E, Cisilotto J, Silva AH, Rosolen D, Fabichak AP, Rode MP, Creczynski-Pasa TB. MicroRNAs: Potential biomarkers for reproduction, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic in domestic animals. Res Vet Sci 2021; 142:117-132. [PMID: 34942556 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in a wide range of biological processes through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Most studies evaluated microRNA expression in human, and despite fewer studies in veterinary medicine, this topic is one of the most exciting areas of modern veterinary medicine. miRNAs showed to be part of the pathogenesis of diseases and reproduction physiology in animals, making them biomarkers candidates. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding miRNAs' role in reproduction and animal diseases, diagnostic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Winter
- Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, 89520000, SC, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Cisilotto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Adny Henrique Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Rosolen
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fabichak
- Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, 89520000, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Patricia Rode
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Marku A, Galli A, Marciani P, Dule N, Perego C, Castagna M. Iron Metabolism in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:2841. [PMID: 34831062 PMCID: PMC8616520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element involved in a variety of physiological functions. In the pancreatic beta-cells, being part of Fe-S cluster proteins, it is necessary for the correct insulin synthesis and processing. In the mitochondria, as a component of the respiratory chain, it allows the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger beta-cell depolarization and potentiate the calcium-dependent insulin release. Iron cellular content must be finely tuned to ensure the normal supply but also to prevent overloading. Indeed, due to the high reactivity with oxygen and the formation of free radicals, iron excess may cause oxidative damage of cells that are extremely vulnerable to this condition because the normal elevated ROS production and the paucity in antioxidant enzyme activities. The aim of the present review is to provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for iron homeostasis in beta-cells, describing how alteration of these processes has been related to beta-cell damage and failure. Defects in iron-storing or -chaperoning proteins have been detected in diabetic conditions; therefore, the control of iron metabolism in these cells deserves further investigation as a promising target for the development of new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Perego
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
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Shirakawa J. Translational research on human pancreatic β-cell mass expansion for the treatment of diabetes. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:349-355. [PMID: 34567917 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The structural, functional, and pathological differences between human islets and rodent islets, such as mouse or rat islets, have been clarified, and research using human islets is becoming more important for elucidating the pathophysiology of diabetes and developing therapeutic strategies for diabetes. Increasing the functional human β-cell mass is a feasible method for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The glucokinase-mediated glucose signaling pathway is known to promote β-cell proliferation not only in rodent models but also in humans. However, little is known about the signaling components of glucose- or glucokinase-mediated signaling pathways. Studies have gradually revealed the involvement of ER stress-related molecules, cell cycle regulators, inflammatory proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and neurotransmitters in the glucokinase-mediated signaling pathway in β-cells. Unraveling the mechanisms of those molecules in the regulation of human β-cell mass will provide new insights into how the functional β-cell mass can be increased. The human islet distribution program is essential for human islet research. However, human islets for research are only available by import from Europe and America into Japan or Asia. Since Japanese or Asian diabetes patients possibly show different features compared with European or American diabetes patients, studies using human islets from Japanese or Asian populations have become important for the elucidation of pathophysiology in these specific population groups. This review outlines new pathways important for the regulation of human pancreatic β-cell mass and expectations regarding the establishment of a human islet distribution program in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory and Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8510 Japan
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Nille GC, Mishra SK, Chaudhary AK, Reddy KRC. Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Review on Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.: A Special Insight to Antidiabetic Property. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647887. [PMID: 34504420 PMCID: PMC8423098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avartaki (Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. syn. Cassia auriculata L.; Family- Fabaceae ) is a traditional medicinal plant, widely used for the treatment of various ailments in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine in India. Almost all the parts of the plant, such as flowers, leaves, seeds, barks, and roots have been reported for their medicinal uses. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, dysentery, skin disease, and metabolic disorders. The principle phytochemicals in Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. are alkaloids, anthraquinone, flavone glycosides, sugar, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, benzoic acid 2-hydroxyl methyl ester, 1-methyl butyl ester, resorcinol, α-tocopherol-β-D-mannosidase, epicatechin, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin, proanthocyanidin B1. The extracts from its different parts and their isolated compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antipyretic, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antifertility, anti-venom, and anti-melanogenesis. The toxicological findings from preclinical studies ensured the safety of the plant, but comprehensive clinical studies are required for the safety and efficacy of the plant in humans. The current review article aimed to provide up-to-date information about Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. covering its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects with special emphasis on its clinical implications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad C. Nille
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India
| | - Shardendu Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational & Technical Education, Greater Noida, India
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India
| | - K. R. C. Reddy
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India
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Hu C, Jia W. Multi-omics profiling: the way towards precision medicine in metabolic diseases. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:mjab051. [PMID: 34406397 PMCID: PMC8697344 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming health burdens around the world, while therapies for these diseases are far from satisfying as their etiologies are not completely clear yet. T2DM, NAFLD, and MetS are all complex and multifactorial metabolic disorders based on the interactions between genetics and environment. Omics studies such as genetics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics are all promising approaches in accurately characterizing these diseases. And the most effective treatments for individuals can be achieved via omics pathways, which is the theme of precision medicine. In this review, we summarized the multi-omics studies of T2DM, NAFLD, and MetS in recent years, provided a theoretical basis for their pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment, and highlighted the biomarkers and future strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus,
Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth
People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital, The Third School of
Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus,
Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth
People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071764. [PMID: 34359934 PMCID: PMC8305108 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a potentially reversible pathophysiological event, leading to excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and taking place as the net result of liver fibrogenesis, a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic liver injury of any etiology. Liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis, together with chronic inflammatory response, are primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD). As is well known, a major role in fibrogenesis and fibrosis is played by activated myofibroblasts (MFs), as well as by macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD progression. In the present review, we will focus the attention on the emerging pathogenic role of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators in the fibrogenic progression of CLD.
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MicroRNA Sequences Modulated by Beta Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060534. [PMID: 34203703 PMCID: PMC8232095 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within beta cells and islets contributes to dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells, leading to loss of insulin secretion and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in understanding the landscape of gene expression which influences beta cell function, including the importance of small non-coding microRNA sequences in this context. This review sought to identify the microRNA sequences regulated by metabolic challenges in beta cells and islets, their targets, highlight their function and assess their possible relevance as biomarkers of disease progression in diabetic individuals. Predictive analysis was used to explore networks of genes targeted by these microRNA sequences, which may offer new therapeutic strategies to protect beta cell function and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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Nguyen T, Zheng M, Knapp M, Sladojevic N, Zhang Q, Ai L, Harrison D, Chen A, Sitikov A, Shen L, Gonzalez FJ, Zhao Q, Fang Y, Liao JJK, Wu R. Endothelial Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Mediates the Angiogenic Response to Peripheral Ischemia in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691801. [PMID: 34179020 PMCID: PMC8222825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of angiogenesis, a process that is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT, also known as HIF1β) has been implicated in the development and progression of diabetes. Angiogenesis is driven primarily by endothelial cells (ECs), but both global and EC-specific loss of ARNT-cause are associated with embryonic lethality. Thus, we conducted experiments in a line of mice carrying an inducible, EC-specific ARNT-knockout mutation (Arnt Δ EC, ERT2) to determine whether aberrations in ARNT expression might contribute to the vascular deficiencies associated with diabetes. Mice were first fed with a high-fat diet to induce diabetes. Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mice were then adminstrated with oral tamoxifen to disrupt Arnt and peripheral angiogenesis was evaluated by using laser-Doppler perfusion imaging to monitor blood flow after hindlimb ischemia. The Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mice had impaired blood flow recovery under both non-diabetic and diabetic conditions, but the degree of impairment was greater in diabetic animals. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARNT activity reduced measurements of tube formation, and cell viability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under high-glucose conditions. The Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mutation also reduced measures of cell viability, while increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) isolated from mouse skeletal muscle, and the viability of Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 MVECs under high-glucose concentrations increased when the cells were treated with an ROS inhibitor. Collectively, these observations suggest that declines in endothelial ARNT expression contribute to the suppressed angiogenic phenotype in diabetic mice, and that the cytoprotective effect of ARNT expression in ECs is at least partially mediated by declines in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Nguyen
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mei Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maura Knapp
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lizhuo Ai
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Devin Harrison
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anna Chen
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Albert Sitikov
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Le Shen
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Annandale, VA, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James J. K. Liao
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Davis S, Rizk J, Gunton JE. Cosmetic Fat Transplantation: A Review. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:133-141. [PMID: 32619169 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200703194355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review current techniques used in fat grafting to optimise graft persistence and achieve optimal cosmetic outcomes. BACKGROUND Fat transplantation has been used extensively in the reconstruction and cosmetic industry for many years. However, there is significant adipocyte loss and reabsorption rates, leading to the loss of external cosmetic volume and the need for repeat procedures. Adipocyte loss can occur at all four stages of transplantation and this review discusses each of these methods with the aim being to optimise graft outcome. RESULTS Several new techniques have been discussed including liposuction techniques, fat processing, and assisted fat grafting which show an improvement in adipocyte survival, revasculisation and graft outcomes. CONCLUSION There have been many improvements in fat grafting and the implementation of these will optimise surgical outcomes but there are still strategies to improve further. However, there is still a lack of standardised techniques and training. More research is needed in the areas of fat processing and the use of additives to the fat graft. More clinical research is needed in the fat placement technique, which has very little published evidence and current techniques are mostly anecdotal by cosmetic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Rizk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key regulators of oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. In diabetes, multiple tissues are hypoxic but adaptive responses to hypoxia are impaired due to insufficient activation of HIF signalling, which results from inhibition of HIF-1α stability and function due to hyperglycaemia and elevated fatty acid levels. In this review, we will summarise and discuss current findings about the regulation of HIF signalling in diabetes and the pathogenic roles of hypoxia and dysregulated HIF signalling in the development of diabetes and its complications. The therapeutic potential of targeting HIF signalling for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and related complications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Diabetic atherosclerosis: is there a role for the hypoxia-inducible factors? Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226002. [PMID: 32816039 PMCID: PMC7441368 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors, including diabetes. Diabetes is associated with either an insulin deficiency in its juvenile form or with insulin resistance and obesity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the latter is clustered with other comorbidities to define the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are complex pathologies and are associated with cardiovascular risk via vascular inflammation and other mechanisms. Several transcription factors are activated upon diabetes-driven endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of atherosclerosis. In particular, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor family is a master regulator of endothelial biology and is raising interest in the field of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will present an overview of studies contributing to the understanding of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, integrating the role of HIF in this disease with the knowledge of its functions in metabolic syndrome and diabetic scenario.
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Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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48
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Abdelalim EM. Modeling different types of diabetes using human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2459-2483. [PMID: 33242105 PMCID: PMC11072720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, which could lead to several debilitating complications. Different paths, triggered by several genetic and environmental factors, lead to the loss of pancreatic β cells and/or function. Understanding these many paths to β cell damage or dysfunction could help in identifying therapeutic approaches specific for each path. Most of our knowledge about diabetes pathophysiology has been obtained from studies on animal models, which do not fully recapitulate human diabetes phenotypes. Currently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology is a powerful tool for generating in vitro human models, which could provide key information about the disease pathogenesis and provide cells for personalized therapies. The recent progress in generating functional hPSC-derived β cells in combination with the rapid development in genomic and genome-editing technologies offer multiple options to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of different types of diabetes. Recently, several in vitro hPSC-based strategies have been used for studying monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different hPSC-based diabetes models and how these models improved our current understanding of the pathophysiology of distinct forms of diabetes. Also, it highlights the progress in generating functional β cells in vitro, and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives related to the use of the in vitro hPSC-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
Hypoxia can be defined as a relative deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of the mammalian response to hypoxia. In normal circumstances, HIF-1α protein turnover is rapid, and hyperglycemia further destabilizes the protein. In addition to their role in diabetes pathogenesis, HIFs are implicated in development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Improving glucose control in people with diabetes increases HIF-1α protein and has wide-ranging benefits, some of which are at least partially mediated by HIF-1α. Nevertheless, most strategies to improve diabetes or its complications via regulation of HIF-1α have not currently proven to be clinically useful. The intersection of HIF biology with diabetes is a complex area in which many further questions remain, especially regarding the well-conducted studies clearly describing discrepant effects of different methods of increasing HIF-1α, even within the same tissues. This Review presents a brief overview of HIFs; discusses the range of evidence implicating HIFs in β cell dysfunction, diabetes pathogenesis, and diabetes complications; and examines the differing outcomes of HIF-targeting approaches in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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50
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Conventional and Unconventional Mechanisms by which Exocytosis Proteins Oversee β-cell Function and Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041833. [PMID: 33673206 PMCID: PMC7918544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and beyond, reaching global pandemic proportions. One hallmark of T2D is dysfunctional glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell. Insulin is secreted via the recruitment of insulin secretory granules to the plasma membrane, where the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and SNARE regulators work together to dock the secretory granules and release insulin into the circulation. SNARE proteins and their regulators include the Syntaxins, SNAPs, Sec1/Munc18, VAMPs, and double C2-domain proteins. Recent studies using genomics, proteomics, and biochemical approaches have linked deficiencies of exocytosis proteins with the onset and progression of T2D. Promising results are also emerging wherein restoration or enhancement of certain exocytosis proteins to β-cells improves whole-body glucose homeostasis, enhances β-cell function, and surprisingly, protection of β-cell mass. Intriguingly, overexpression and knockout studies have revealed novel functions of certain exocytosis proteins, like Syntaxin 4, suggesting that exocytosis proteins can impact a variety of pathways, including inflammatory signaling and aging. In this review, we present the conventional and unconventional functions of β-cell exocytosis proteins in normal physiology and T2D and describe how these insights might improve clinical care for T2D.
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