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Disanto G, Galante A, Sacco R, Mallucci G, Mele F, Sallusto F, Zecca C, Gobbi C. Persistent longitudinal T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in MS patients on different disease modifying treatments. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 90:105813. [PMID: 39154595 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Few data are available regarding vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses over time and after booster doses in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients on different disease modifying treatments. We measured SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T cell responses in 72 samples collected from 36 MS patients. The percentage of CD4+ CTVlow CD25+ ICOS+ T cells after stimulation with Spike Recombinant Protein was 29.9 (17.0-43.6) on teriflunomide, 32.4 (11.9-42.5) on ocrelizumab, but much lower (0.6 [0.3-5.9]) on sphingosine-1-phospate receptor modulators (β = -26.35, p = 0.003). SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells were mainly of Th1 type and stable over time and after booster vaccine doses. mRNA vaccines elicit strong and persistent CD4+ T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients on anti-CD20 and teriflunomide, but not in those on sphingosine-1-phospate receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Disanto
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alice Galante
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rosaria Sacco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mele
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Gobbi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Süner A, Ergör G, Çağlayan D, Türe N, Güzel I, Irmak Ç, Işık E, Appak Ö, Çelik M, Öztürk G, Çavuş S, Sayiner A, Ergör A, Demiral Y, Kilic B. Waning Humoral Immune Response Following the Third and Fourth SARS-COV-2 Vaccine: A Cohort Study in Healthcare Workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e70003. [PMID: 39189319 PMCID: PMC11347934 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed at providing information about the timing of booster doses and antibody kinetics in healthcare workers. METHODS This research extends a prospective cohort study conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital in Turkey, covering the period from March 2021 to December 2021. During this timeframe, the antibody levels of the health workers were measured at four different time points. The associations of antibody levels with gender, age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, and smoking were analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant difference between antibody levels in all four blood draws (p < 0.001). Antibody levels decreased in both those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (p < 0.001) and those vaccinated with CoronaVac (p = 0.002) until the fourth blood draw. There was a significant difference between those vaccinated with one and two doses of booster BNT162b2 before the third blood draw (p < 0.001), which continued at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001). The antibody levels of those with an interval of 41-50 days between two vaccinations decreased significantly at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the dynamics and persistence of antibody response after additional COVID-19 vaccine doses among healthcare workers. The longer the interval between booster doses may result in greater antibody levels being maintained over time, allowing for longer durations of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Furkan Süner
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Gül Ergör
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Derya Çağlayan
- Infectious Diseases UnitDiyarbakır Provincial Health DirectorateDiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Neslişah Türe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Irmak Güzel
- Medical Microbiology UnitMardin Nusaybin State HospitalMardinTurkey
| | - Çağlar Irmak
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology UnitHakkari Yüksekova State HospitalHakkariTurkey
| | - Elif Işık
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Özgür Appak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Muammer Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Gamze Öztürk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Sema Alp Çavuş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Arzu Sayiner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Alp Ergör
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Yücel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Bulent Kilic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
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Niyomnaitham S, Chokephaibulkit K, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Satayasanskul A, Jansarikit L, Assantachai P. Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 as a first booster after a ChAdOx1 primary series in a Thai geriatric population living with frailty. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100315. [PMID: 39025017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impact of frailty towards immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 boosters administered via intramuscular or intradermal routes in a Thai geriatric population DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-labeled. SETTING Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Geriatric adults aged ≥65 years. INTERVENTION 10 μg intradermal or 30 μg intramuscular BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). MEASUREMENTS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and interferon-gamma producing cells against Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/5. Analyses were stratified based on participants' Clinical Frailty Scale. RESULTS A total of 139 participants were included in the analysis. Two-four weeks post-booster administration, NAb titers against Wuhan but not Omicron BA.4/5 were significantly lower among frail participants than non-frail participants who received intramuscular administration. Spike-specific T cell responses were similar for frail and non-frail participants, regardless of administration route. Frail participants who received intradermal BNT162b2 had fewer local adverse events (AEs), but higher systemic AEs than non-frail participants. CONCLUSION Similar immune responses across vaccine routes warrants further evaluation of intradermal BNT162b2 in frail geriatric populations. Frail participants may be more sensitive to reporting systemic AEs. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS The parent study was registered under the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220112002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Laddawan Jansarikit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prasert Assantachai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Le Gars M, Sadoff J, Cárdenas V, Heerwegh D, Tesfaye F, Roey GV, Spicer C, Matias SS, Crayne O, Kamphuis T, Struyf F, Schuitemaker H, Douoguih M. Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S as homologous or heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccination: Results of a randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:3938-3952. [PMID: 38918103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine boosters may optimize durability of protection against variants of concern (VOCs). In this randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial, participants received 3 different dose levels of an Ad26.COV2.S booster (5 × 1010 vp [viral particles], 2.5 × 1010 vp, or 1 × 1010 vp) ≥6 months post-primary vaccination with either single-dose Ad26.COV2.S (homologous boost; n = 774) or 2-dose BNT162b2 (heterologous boost; n = 758). Primary endpoints were noninferiority of neutralizing antibody responses at Day 15 post-boost versus Day 29 post-primary vaccination. Secondary endpoints included reactogenicity/safety and neutralizing antibody responses to VOCs. All primary endpoints passed prespecified hierarchical noninferiority criteria by Day 15 post-boost. Geometric mean increases in neutralizing antibody titers against the D614G reference strain ranged from 5.5 to 6.8 at Day 15 for homologous boosting and 12.6 to 22.0 for heterologous boosting. For VOCs, heterologous boosting elicited higher neutralizing antibody responses than homologous boosting. Neutralizing antibody responses were dose-dependent and durable for ≥6 months post-boost. More solicited systemic adverse events occurred following heterologous versus homologous boosting. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04999111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Le Gars
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Newtonweg 1, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Johnson & Johnson, 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Vicky Cárdenas
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, USA.
| | - Dirk Heerwegh
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Fisseha Tesfaye
- Janssen Research & Development, 1000 U.S. Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ, USA.
| | - Griet Van Roey
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Newtonweg 1, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Colleen Spicer
- Janssen Research & Development, 1000 U.S. Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Olivia Crayne
- Janssen Research & Development, 1000 U.S. Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ, USA.
| | - Tobias Kamphuis
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Newtonweg 1, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Struyf
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium.
| | | | - Macaya Douoguih
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Newtonweg 1, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Baumgart SWL, McLachlan A, Kenny H, McKew G, Maddocks S, Chen SCA, Kok J. Deisolation in the Healthcare Setting Following Recent COVID-19 Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:1131. [PMID: 39066294 PMCID: PMC11281359 DOI: 10.3390/v16071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deisolation of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, presented a substantial challenge for healthcare workers and policy makers, particularly during the early phases of the pandemic. Data to guide deisolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients remain limited, and the risk of transmitting and acquiring infection has changed with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and population immunity from previous vaccination or infection, or both. AIMS This review examines the evidence to guide the deisolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected inpatients within the hospital setting when clinically improving and also of healthcare workers with COVID-19 prior to returning to work. METHODS A review was performed using relevant search terms in Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PubMed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The evidence is reviewed with regards to the nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the role of testing to guide deisolation, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity. A paradigm and recommendations are proposed to guide deisolation for inpatients and return to work for healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. L. Baumgart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Aidan McLachlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Hayden Kenny
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Genevieve McKew
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Susan Maddocks
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Sharon C.-A. Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology—Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jen Kok
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology—Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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da Costa HHM, Silva VO, Amorim GC, Guereschi MG, Sergio LM, Gomes CHR, Hong MA, de Oliveira EL, Brígido LFDM, Lindoso JAL, Prudencio CR. Assessment of an in-house IgG ELISA targeting SARS-CoV-2 RBD: Applications in infected and vaccinated individuals. J Immunol Methods 2024; 530:113683. [PMID: 38759864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The study evoluated an in-house Spike Receptor Binding Domain Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (RBD-IgG-ELISA) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 99.25%, and accuracy of 95.13%. Precision and reproducibility were highly consistent. The RBD-IgG-ELISA was able to detect 96.25% of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed cases for SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating positive and negative predictive values of 99,18% and 91,69%, respectively. In an epidemiological survey, ELISA, lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA), and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) exhibited diagnostic sensitivities of 68.29%, 63.41%, and 70.73%, respectively, along with specificities of 82.93%, 80.49%, and 80.49%, respectively. Agreement between RBD-IgG-ELISA/PCR was moderate (k index 0.512). However, good agreement between different assays (RBD-IgG-ELISA/LFIA k index 0.875, RBD-IgG-ELISA/ECLIA k index 0.901). Test performance on individuals' samples were inferior due to seroconversion time and chronicity. The IgG-RBD-ELISA assay demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring antibody levels among healthcare professionals, revealing significant differences both before and after the administration of the third vaccine dose, with heightened protection levels observed following the third dose in five Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine regimens. In conclusion, the RBD-IgG-ELISA exhibits high reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, making it a suitable assay validated for serosurveillance and for obtaining information about COVID-19 infections or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Hermes Monteiro da Costa
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Valeria Oliveira Silva
- Virology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Public Health Surveillance of the Disease Control Coordination, State Health Department, São Paulo 02146-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carvalho Amorim
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marisa Ailin Hong
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
- Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil; Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Prudencio
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Lee Y, Jeong M, Lee G, Park J, Jung H, Im S, Lee H. Development of Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation for the Repeated Administration of mRNA Therapeutics. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0017. [PMID: 38779139 PMCID: PMC11109479 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines emerged as a rapid and effective solution for global immunization. The success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has increased interest in the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the in vivo delivery of mRNA therapeutics. Although mRNA exhibits robust expression profiles, transient protein expression is often observed, raising uncertainty regarding the frequency of its administration. Additionally, various RNA therapeutics may necessitate repeated dosing to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact of repeated administrations of mRNA/LNP on immune responses and protein expression efficacy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of the formulation parameters, specifically ionizable lipids and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, on the repeat administration of mRNA/LNP. Our findings revealed that ionizable lipids had no discernible impact on the dose-responsive efficacy of repeat administrations, whereas the lipid structure and molar ratio of PEG lipids were primary factors that affected mRNA/LNP performance. The optimization of the LNP formulation with PEG lipid confirmed the sustained dose-responsive efficacy of mRNA after repeated administrations. This study highlights the critical importance of optimizing LNP formulations for mRNA therapeutics requiring repeated administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Sun Y, Huang W, Xiang H, Nie J. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays Used in Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:554. [PMID: 38793805 PMCID: PMC11125816 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to accelerate the development of multiple types of vaccines to combat the pandemic. These include inactivated, recombinant subunit, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines. In the development of these diverse vaccines, appropriate methods to assess vaccine immunogenicity are essential in both preclinical and clinical studies. Among the biomarkers used in vaccine evaluation, the neutralizing antibody level serves as a pivotal indicator for assessing vaccine efficacy. Neutralizing antibody detection methods can mainly be classified into three types: the conventional virus neutralization test, pseudovirus neutralization test, and surrogate virus neutralization test. Importantly, standardization of these assays is critical for their application to yield results that are comparable across different laboratories. The development and use of international or regional standards would facilitate assay standardization and facilitate comparisons of the immune responses induced by different vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the principles, advantages, limitations, and application of different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays in vaccine clinical trials. This will provide guidance for the development and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
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9
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Rasheed WS, Sarkees AN. Immediate Adverse Reaction and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Receptor Binding Domain IgG of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Health Staffs. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e66. [PMID: 38618867 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several vaccines have been developed. This study is intended to elucidate the level of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G (anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG) antibodies for COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech [BNT162b2], Oxford/AstraZeneca [ChAdOx1], and Sinopharm [BBIBP-CorV]) among health staff from health facilities in Duhok province, and it explored the immediate adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines among participants. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted from June 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022, and 300 participants were included through simple random sampling. RESULTS The immune response 1 mo after the second dose was significantly higher than the sustained immune after 5 and 9 mo as results revealed that, in 100% of study samples who had (ChAdOx1) vaccine, their antibody titers exceeded the positivity threshold of 1 AU/m, while 96% for (BNT162b2) and 90% for (BBIBP-CorV) for the first test after 1 mo from the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and these rates were reduced to 94.6% for (ChAdOx1), 97.8% for (BNT162b2), and 81.9% for (BBIBP-CorV) at 5 mo after the second dose, while simultaneously the seropositivity rates were more reduced at 9 mo to 46.5% for (ChAdOx1), 67.5% for (BNT162b2), and 9.20% for (BBIBP-CorV). In terms of adverse reactionsss, fever was reported as the most prevalent after the first dose in 58% for ChAdOx1, 43% for BNT162b2, and 23% for BBIBP-CorV, followed by muscle pain, joint pain, and shoulder pain for both doses. CONCLUSIONS The implications of the findings from this study are that higher and potentially longer antibody responses can be obtained if the BNT162b2 is given as compared with the other 2 vaccines. Moreover, the booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine are highly recommended because more than 50% of the participants either have become anti-spike protein negative or have a deficient level of anti-spike protein against COVD-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Rasheed
- Department of Public Health, College of health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
| | - Alaa Noori Sarkees
- Department of Nursing, College of health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
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10
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Montagud AC, Llenas-García J, Moragues R, Pérez-Bernabeu A, Alcocer Pertegal MJ, García Gómez FJ, Gamayo Serna AM, García Morante H, Caballero P, Tuells J. Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid serological test in health workers of a Spanish Department of Health in Alicante (Spain) before the booster dose of the vaccine. Rev Clin Esp 2024; 224:197-203. [PMID: 38423384 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers and healthcare support personnel after the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). MATERIALS AND METHODS In December 2021, we undertook a study in the Health Department in Orihuela, Alicante (Spain), which consists of 1500 workers. We collected demographic variables about the study participants, and we performed a "point-of-care" immunochromatography test to measure the presence of neutralizing antibodies (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, manufactured by Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) before the administration of the third dose of the vaccine. RESULTS We obtained complete information about 964 (64%) workers, which consisted of 290 men and 674 women. The average age was 45,8 years (min. 18, max. 68) and the average time since the last dose of the vaccine was 40,5 weeks (min. 1,71, max. 47,71). A total of 131 participants (13,5%) had suffered infection by SARS-CoV-2 confirmed using RT-PCR. The proportion of participants who showed presence of neutralizing antibodies was 38,5%. In the multivariable analysis, the time since the last dose of the vaccine (aOR week: 1,07; 95%CI: 1,04; 1,09) and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 (aOR: 3,7; 95CI: 2,39; 5,63) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The time since the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38,5% of the healthcare workers and support workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montagud
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Plataforma Oncológica, Hospital QuironSalud Torrevieja. Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Llenas-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Moragues
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Bernabeu
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Alcocer Pertegal
- Dirección de Enfermería de Atención Primaria. Departamento de Salud de Orihuela, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - F J García Gómez
- Dirección de Enfermería Hospitalaria, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - A M Gamayo Serna
- Dirección de Enfermería Hospitalaria, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - H García Morante
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Caballero
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Tuells
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Alicante, (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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11
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Nantel S, Sheikh-Mohamed S, Chao GYC, Kurtesi A, Hu Q, Wood H, Colwill K, Li Z, Liu Y, Seifried L, Bourdin B, McGeer A, Hardy WR, Rojas OL, Al-Aubodah TA, Liu Z, Ostrowski MA, Brockman MA, Piccirillo CA, Quach C, Rini JM, Gingras AC, Decaluwe H, Gommerman JL. Comparison of Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic humoral immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:201-210. [PMID: 38278415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two-dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT. Our results show thatBT infection induces cell-mediated immune responses to variants comparable to an intramuscular vaccine booster dose. In contrast, BT subjects had higher salivary immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA levels against the Omicron spike and enhanced reactivity to the ancestral spike for the IgA isotype, which also reacted with SARS-CoV-1. Serumneutralizing antibody levels against the ancestral strain and the variants were also higher after BT infection. Our results support the need for the development of intranasal vaccines that could emulate the enhanced mucosal and humoral immunity induced by Omicron BT without exposing individuals to the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Nantel
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Gary Y C Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kurtesi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi Wood
- One Health Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurie Seifried
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoîte Bourdin
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William R Hardy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tho-Alfakar Al-Aubodah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - James M Rini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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12
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Abbad A, Yellin T, Singh G, Fried M, Raskin A, Tcheou J, Monahan B, Gleason C, Simon V, Carreño JM, Krammer F. SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections boost antibody responses to early Omicron subvariants but not BQ.1.1 or XBB.1.5. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101474. [PMID: 38508136 PMCID: PMC10983110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Subvariants of the Omicron lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) efficiently escape neutralizing antibody responses induced by both vaccination and infection with antigenically distinct variants. Here, we describe the potency and breadth of neutralizing and binding antibody responses against a large panel of variants following an Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infection in a heterogeneous cohort of individuals with diverse exposure histories. Both BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections significantly boost antibody levels and broaden antibody reactivity. However, this broader immunity induced by BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections does not neutralize Omicron BQ and XBB subvariants efficiently. While these subvariants are not neutralized well by post-breakthrough sera, suggesting escape, binding non-neutralizing antibody responses are sustained. In summary, our data suggest that while BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections broaden the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 spike, the induced neutralizing antibody response is still outpaced by viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Abbad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Temima Yellin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Fried
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Raskin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnstone Tcheou
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Monahan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Gleason
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Garay E, Whelan SPJ, DuBois RM, O’Rourke SM, Salgado-Escobar AE, Muñoz-Medina JE, Arias CF, López S. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants after immunization with different vaccines in Mexico. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e30. [PMID: 38312015 PMCID: PMC10894899 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in subjects from developing countries with populations having a high incidence of co-morbidities. Here, we analysed the immunogenicity of homologous schemes using the ChAdOx1-S, Sputnik V, or BNT162b2 vaccines and the effect of a booster dose with ChAdOx1-S in middle-aged adults who were seropositive or seronegative to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein before vaccination. The study was conducted post-vaccination with a follow-up of 4 months for antibody titre using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pseudovirus (PV) neutralization assays (PNAs). All three vaccines elicited a superior IgG anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralization response against the Alpha and Delta variants when administered to individuals with a previous infection by SARS-CoV-2. The booster dose spiked the neutralization activity among individuals with and without a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ChAdOx1-S vaccine induced weaker antibody responses in infection-naive subjects. A follow-up of 4 months post-vaccination showed a drop in antibody titre, with about 20% of the infection-naive and 100% of SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposed participants with detectable neutralization capacity against Alpha pseudovirus (Alpha-PV) and Delta PV (Delta-PV). Our observations support the use of different vaccines in a country with high seroprevalence at the vaccination time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garay
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Rebecca M. DuBois
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Sara M. O’Rourke
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States
| | - Angel Eduardo Salgado-Escobar
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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14
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Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Sezer Z, Pavel STI, Inal A, Yetiskin H, Kaplan B, Uygut MA, Aslan AF, Bayram A, Mazicioglu M, Kalin Unuvar G, Yuce ZT, Aydin G, Kaya RK, Ates I, Kara A, Ozdarendeli A. Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38400124 PMCID: PMC10893411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time and warrants booster doses. We investigated the long-term (32 weeks) immunogenicity and safety of a third, homologous, open-label booster dose of TURKOVAC, administered 12 weeks after completion of the primary series in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study. Forty-two participants included in the analysis were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (with microneutralization (MNT50) and focus reduction (FRNT50) tests), SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (Spike S1 Receptor Binding Domain), and whole SARS-CoV-2 (with ELISA) IgGs on the day of booster injection and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 thereafter. Antibody titers increased significantly from week 1 and remained higher than the pre-booster titers until at least week 4 (week 8 for whole SARS-CoV-2) (p < 0.05 for all). Seroconversion (titers ≥ 4-fold compared with pre-immune status) persisted 16 weeks (MNT50: 6-fold; FRNT50: 5.4-fold) for NAbs and 32 weeks for S1 RBD (7.9-fold) and whole SARS-CoV-2 (9.4-fold) IgGs. Nine participants (20.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between weeks 8 and 32 of booster vaccination; none of them were hospitalized or died. These findings suggest that boosting with TURKOVAC can provide effective protection against COVID-19 for at least 8 weeks and reduce the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sezer
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Shaikh Terkis Islam Pavel
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Hazel Yetiskin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kaplan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Ali Uygut
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Aslan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Bayram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Mumtaz Mazicioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Kalin Unuvar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ture Yuce
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gunsu Aydin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | | | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06530, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kara
- Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB), Istanbul 34718, Türkiye
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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16
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Tamada Y, Takeuchi K, Kusama T, Maeda M, Murata F, Osaka K, Fukuda H. Bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among older adults in Japan: a test-negative study from the VENUS study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:135. [PMID: 38287337 PMCID: PMC10823731 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines have been implemented worldwide since the booster vaccination campaigns of autumn of 2022, but little is known about their effectiveness. Thus, this study holistically evaluated the effectiveness of bivalent vaccines against infection in older adults in Japan. METHODS We adopted the test-negative design using COVID-19 test data of individuals, aged ≥ 65 years, residing in three municipalities in Japan, who underwent tests in medical institutions between October 1 and December 30, 2022. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of testing positive according to vaccination status. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as (1 - odds ratio) × 100%. RESULTS A total of 3,908 positive and 16,090 negative results were included in the analyses. Receiving a bivalent dose in addition to ≥ 2 monovalent doses was 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.8, 44.3%) more effective than receiving no vaccination, and 18.2% (95% CI: 9.4, 26.0%) more effective than receiving ≥ 2 monovalent doses but not receiving a bivalent vaccination. In addition, the effectiveness peaked at 14-20 days after administration and then gradually declined over time. Furthermore, a bivalent booster dose provided 18.6% (95% CI: 9.9, 26.5%) additional protection among those vaccinated with ≥ 2 monovalent doses, in the absence of a previous infection history. However, we did not find sufficient evidence of effectiveness of bivalent vaccines among previously infected older adults. CONCLUSIONS Bivalent vaccines are effective against COVID-19 infections among older adults without a history of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Tamada
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Taro Kusama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Han S, Sun Q, Yao M, Pang B, Duan Q, Jiang X. Antibody and transcription landscape in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly adults over 70 years of age with third dose of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 booster vaccine. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38280989 PMCID: PMC10821575 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and extensive vaccination, it is important to explore the immune response of elderly adults to homologous and heterologous booster vaccines of COVID-19. At this point, we detected serum IgG antibodies and PBMC sample transcriptome profiles in 46 participants under 70 years old and 25 participants over 70 years old who received the third dose of the BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 vaccines. RESULTS On day 7, the antibody levels of people over 70 years old after the third dose of booster vaccine were lower than those of young people, and the transcriptional responses of innate and adaptive immunity were also weak. The age of the participants showed a significant negative correlation with functions related to T-cell differentiation and costimulation. Nevertheless, 28 days after the third dose, the IgG antibodies of elderly adults reached equivalence to those of younger adults, and immune-related transcriptional regulation was significantly improved. The age showed a significant positive correlation with functions related to "chemokine receptor binding", "chemokine activity", and "chemokine-mediated signaling pathway". CONCLUSIONS Our results document that the response of elderly adults to the third dose of the vaccine was delayed, but still able to achieve comparable immune effects compared to younger adults, in regard to antibody responses as well as at the transcript level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lianxiang Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai , Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingshuai Sun
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingxiao Yao
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Duan
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai , Shandong Province, China.
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road , Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Narbutt J, Żuber Z, Lesiak A, Bień N, Szepietowski JC. Vaccinations in Selected Immune-Related Diseases Treated with Biological Drugs and JAK Inhibitors-Literature Review and Statement of Experts from Polish Dermatological Society. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:82. [PMID: 38250895 PMCID: PMC10820194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing use of biological drugs in immune-mediated chronic diseases has undoubtedly revolutionized their treatment. Yet, the topic of vaccinations in this group of patients still raises many concerns and implies many therapeutic problems that require discussion and standardization of management. The aim of this literature review is to present current knowledge regarding safety and efficacy of vaccinations in dermatological and rheumatological patients treated with biological drugs and JAK inhibitors. Additionally, this article provides recommendation from experts of the Polish Dermatological Society about proper use of vaccinations during therapy with biologics. Generally, all live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated during immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory therapy. If there is need, they should be administered long enough prior to the therapy or after cessation. Yet, inactivated vaccines mostly can be safely used, but the problem in this case is the effectiveness of the vaccination. Most studies report that the immune response in patients on biologics after administration of different inactivated vaccines is similar to or even better than in the control group. Thus, the importance of vaccination among patients on biologics must be emphasized to reduce omissions and the fear of possible side effects or insufficient post-vaccination response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Narbutt
- Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Oncology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Zbigniew Żuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Lesiak
- Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Oncology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Natalia Bień
- Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Oncology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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19
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Song NJ, Chakravarthy KB, Jeon H, Bolyard C, Reynolds K, Weller KP, Reisinger S, Wang Y, Li A, Jiang S, Ma Q, Barouch DH, Rubinstein MP, Shields PG, Oltz EM, Chung D, Li Z. mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce divergent antigen-specific T-cell responses in patients with lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007922. [PMID: 38177076 PMCID: PMC10773442 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is highly transmissible and evades pre-established immunity. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination against ancestral strain spike protein can induce intact T-cell immunity against the Omicron variant, but efficacy of booster vaccination in patients with late-stage lung cancer on immune-modulating agents including anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has not yet been elucidated. METHODS We assessed T-cell responses using a modified activation-induced marker assay, coupled with high-dimension flow cytometry analyses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with various viral peptides and antigen-specific T-cell responses were evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS Booster vaccines induced CD8+ T-cell response against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and Omicron variant in both non-cancer subjects and patients with lung cancer, but only a marginal induction was detected for CD4+ T cells. Importantly, antigen-specific T cells from patients with lung cancer showed distinct subpopulation dynamics with varying degrees of differentiation compared with non-cancer subjects, with evidence of dysfunction. Notably, female-biased T-cell responses were observed. CONCLUSION We conclude that patients with lung cancer on immunotherapy show a substantial qualitative deviation from non-cancer subjects in their T-cell response to mRNA vaccines, highlighting the need for heightened protective measures for patients with cancer to minimize the risk of breakthrough infection with the Omicron and other future variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- No-Joon Song
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karthik B Chakravarthy
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyeongseon Jeon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelsi Reynolds
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin P Weller
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Reisinger
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anqi Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter G Shields
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Ciccone EJ, Zhu DR, Gunderson AK, Hawke S, Ajeen R, Lodge EK, Shook-Sa BE, Abernathy H, Garrett HE, King E, Alavian N, Reyes R, Taylor JL, Beatty C, Chung C, Mendoza CE, Weber DJ, Markmann AJ, Premkumar L, Juliano JJ, Boyce RM, Aiello AE. Magnitude and Durability of the Antibody Response to mRNA-Based Vaccination Among SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Health Care Personnel. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae009. [PMID: 38293246 PMCID: PMC10826795 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies have described changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in response to infection and vaccination at frequent intervals and over extended follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses among a prospective cohort of health care personnel over 18 months with up to 22 samples per person. Antibody levels and live virus neutralization were measured before and after mRNA-based vaccination with results stratified by (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection status prior to initial vaccination and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point during follow-up. We found that the antibody response to the first dose was almost 2-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive prior to vaccination, although neutralization titers were more variable. The antibody response induced by vaccination appeared to wane over time but generally persisted for 8 to 9 months, and those who were infected at any point during the study had slightly higher antibody levels over time vs those who remained uninfected. These findings underscore the need to account for SARS-CoV-2 natural infection as a modifier of vaccine responses, and they highlight the importance of frequent testing of longitudinal antibody titers over time. Together, our results provide a clearer understanding of the trajectories of antibody response among vaccinated individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna R Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Sam Hawke
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Rawan Ajeen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
| | - Evans K Lodge
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Bonnie E Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Haley E Garrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Elise King
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
| | - Naseem Alavian
- Division of Hospital Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Raquel Reyes
- Division of Hospital Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Cherese Beatty
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Carmen E Mendoza
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - David J Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Ross M Boyce
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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21
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Staruszkiewicz M, Pituch-Noworolska A, Skayne M, Matthias T, Skoczen S. The Healthcare Study Examines the Humoral Anti-S1 Antibody Response Following mRNA Vaccination, Comparing Individuals with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0016. [PMID: 39146978 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been pivotal in curtailing the spread of infection. Health care workers, as frontline responders, were among the first to receive vaccination to mitigate coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. This study aimed to assess the humoral response elicited by mRNA vaccines, specifically measuring antibodies against the spike S1 protein, a marker of immune response. A cohort of 649 health care workers received three doses of mRNA vaccine, with antibody levels evaluated before and after each dose within a 2- to 3-week interval. Participants were stratified into groups based on prior exposure to the virus: those without prior contact (440 individuals) and those with a history of infection (209 individuals). Among the latter, cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from asymptomatic (92 individuals) to mild symptomatic (117 individuals). Participants with a history of infection exhibited elevated levels of IgG antibodies against the S1 protein prior to vaccination. Notably, both immunoglobulin IgA class (IgA) and immunoglobulin IgG class (IgG) antibody responses increased significantly post-vaccination, peaking after the second dose for IgG and after the third dose for IgA. Interestingly, the immune response to the vaccine did not vary significantly based on the symptomatic or asymptomatic nature of prior infection. Furthermore, the study findings indicate that completion of the vaccination regimen led to sustained antibody production lasting between 6 months and 9 months. This study underscores the robust and enduring humoral response elicited by mRNA vaccines, particularly among health care workers, irrespective of prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamad Skayne
- AESKU. Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Sales and Marketing Department, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Matthias
- Department of Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Skoczen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Das R, Hyer RN, Burton P, Miller JM, Kuter BJ. Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2153532. [PMID: 36629006 PMCID: PMC9980456 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine platforms used for the development of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 have provided a robust adaptable approach to offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as variants of concern (VoCs), such as omicron and associated sub-variants, emerge, boosting strategies must also adapt to keep pace with the changing landscape. Heterologous vaccination regimens involving the administration of booster vaccines different than the primary vaccination series offer a practical, effective, and safe approach to continue to reduce the global burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of heterologous mRNA-based vaccination strategies, relevant clinical and real-world observational studies were identified and summarized. Overall, heterologous boosting strategies with mRNA-based vaccines that are currently available and those in development will play an important global role in protecting individuals from COVID-19 caused by emerging VoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA,CONTACT Rituparna Das Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Randall N. Hyer
- Experimental Therapeutics, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Paul Burton
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Lee C, Otunla A, Brennan I, Aronson JK, Nunan D. Clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for SARS-CoV-2 published in leading medical journals report adherence but not how it was assessed. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38158214 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adherence to pharmacological interventions in clinical trials is crucial for accurate identification of beneficial and adverse outcomes. The ways in which adherence to interventions should be reported in trial publications are described in the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR), a 12-item extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials reporting guidelines. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with TIDieR Items 11 and 12 of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection published in 5 selected journals during 2021. METHODS We assessed pharmacological interventions for SARS-CoV-2 infection reported in RCTs published in 2021 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, The BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet and The New England Journal for Medicine for compliance with TIDieR items addressing intervention adherence (Items 11 and 12). We calculated proportional adherence for pharmacological and comparator interventions where available. RESULTS We found 75 eligible RCTs. Twenty-eight (37%) reported results of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Compliance with Items 11 and 12 could be assessed in 71 of these 75. Of the 71 RCTs, 37 (52%) reported how adherence was assessed (Item 11), and 70 reported adherence rates (Item 12). Only 1 of the 71 RCTs (1.4%, 0-7.6%) fully complied with TIDieR Items 11 and 12. CONCLUSION Half of RCTs of SARS-CoV-2 pharmacological interventions published in leading medical journals in 2021 complied with reporting of how adherence assessments were made and almost none complied with both TIDieR Items 11 and 12. The implications for interpretation, application and replication of findings based on these publications warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lee
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Afolarin Otunla
- School of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Brennan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey K Aronson
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Nunan
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Zhu Q, Wang L, Hu X, Zhang Y, Huang T, He T, Chen Z, Zhang G, Peng M, Chen M, Cai D, Shi X, Ren H. Dynamic Humoral Immune Response to Primary and Booster Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1476-1484. [PMID: 38161494 PMCID: PMC10752809 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Our aim was to determine the immune efficacy of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) booster vaccination in cirrhotic patients who had received the primary series. Methods We performed a longitudinal assessment in 48 patients with cirrhosis, 57 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 68 healthy controls (HCs) to continuously track the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and memory B cells after receiving the primary series and booster dose at different times. A pseudovirus neutralization assay was used to determine neutralization against Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 from serum samples collected from three cohorts. Results Serum anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig)G and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in cirrhotic patients were elevated within 15-45 days after completing the primary series before rapidly declining and reaching a valley at around 165-195 days. After receiving the booster dose, both antibody levels were significantly increased to levels comparable to patients with CHB and HCs. Subgroup analysis showed that booster vaccination induced weaker antibody responses in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in those with compensated cirrhosis. The SARS-CoV-2 memory B-cell response in cirrhotic patients was durable during follow-up regardless of the hepatic fibro-cirrhosis grade. However, compared with the primary series, the booster dose did not result in an evident improvement of neutralization activity against the Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4, and was followed by a significant decrease in the titer against BA.5. Conclusions A booster dose elicited a robust and durable humoral response to the wild-type strain in cirrhotic patients but not the Omicron subvariants. Repeated vaccination of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may not benefit cirrhotic patients in neutralization against newly circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianquan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taiyu He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Jia S, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang J, Jiang H, Guo G, Wang Y, Wan J, Wang W, Hou L, Zhu F. Safety and Immunogenicity of Homologous Recombinant Adenovirus Type 5-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose in Healthy Adults Aged 18-60 Years: a Single-Center, Open-Label Trial. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2757-2769. [PMID: 38038866 PMCID: PMC10746682 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The waning antibody levels several months after prime vaccination and the persistent epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the world have generated great interest in the evaluation of a booster dose. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a homologous booster dose of the recombinant adenovirus type 5-vectored coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Ad5-nCoV). METHODS In this trial, we recruited healthy adults aged 18-60 years who had received one dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine (low, middle, or high dose) in the previous phase 1 trial approximately 6 months earlier, and then all participants received a booster dose of 5 × 1010 viral particles (low dose) intramuscularly. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse reactions within 14 days after booster vaccination. The specific binding antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the neutralizing antibody responses were assessed with live SARS-CoV-2 and pseudovirus neutralization assay. The cellular immune responses were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS From September 26 to 28, 2020, 108 volunteers were recruited and 89 eligible participants (52% male) were enrolled and received a booster dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine: 28 (31%) had received a low prime dose, 30 (34%) a middle prime dose, and 31 (35%) a high prime dose in the previous phase 1 trial. All participants were included in the safety analysis and immunogenicity was assessed in 88 (99%) participants. Twenty-three (82%) participants in the low prime dose group, 23 (77%) participants in the middle prime dose group, and 26 (84%) participants in the high prime dose group reported at least one adverse reaction within the first 14 days post booster. Pain at the injection site and fatigue were the most common adverse reactions. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate in all groups and no vaccine-related severe adverse event was noted within 12 months after booster vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies increased moderately at day 14 and peaked at 28 days post booster. T cell responses were also boosted at 14 days after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS A homologous booster of Ad5-nCoV vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy adults aged 18-60 years who had received a priming dose of Ad5-nCoV 6 months previously. The neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 and specific T cell responses were noted at day 14 after booster. Ad5-nCoV vaccine can be considered as a homologous booster 6 months after a priming dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04568811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xue Wang
- CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hudachuan Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Guo
- CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Wenjuan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China.
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China.
- Center for Global Health, CGH, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wolszczak-Biedrzycka B, Bieńkowska A, Cieślikiewicz B, Smolińska-Fijołek E, Biedrzycki G, Dorf J. The effect of the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels in healthcare workers with and without COVID-19 infection. Ann Med 2023; 55:722-732. [PMID: 36820816 PMCID: PMC9970245 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2182907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM A third (booster) dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine became necessary due to the observed decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibody levels over time, new mutations, and low global vaccination rates. In this study, anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibody levels were measured (ECLIA assay) in 50 healthcare workers with and without a history of COVID-19 infection to determine the humoral immune response to the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS Antibody levels were determined in the blood serum, and blood was sampled for analysis 20-40 days after the administration of the booster dose. RESULTS A greater increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibody titers was noted in persons without a history of infection, but antibody levels continued to be higher in previously infected individuals when the results were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, type of work, and presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSION The results of this study can be used to improve the vaccination strategy for the general population.KEY MESSAGESThree doses of the vaccine BNT162b2 strongly stimulate the immune system to produce anti-SARS-CoV-2s antibodies, especially in people with a previous infection COVID-19.Age, gender, and BMI may be associated with different humoral immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- The Oncology Center of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Bieńkowska
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- The Oncology Center of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Cieślikiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Biedrzycki
- Hospital Dispensary, Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Russo C, Tagliafico L, Labate L, Ponzano M, Mirabella M, Portunato F, Bellezza C, Mora S, Arboscello E, Monacelli F, Nencioni A, Signori A, Bruzzone B, Giacomini M, Dentone C, Bassetti M. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a vulnerable COVID-19 cohort: a real-life experience in an Italian Hospital. J Chemother 2023; 35:730-736. [PMID: 37608747 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2246716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines reduce COVID-19-related mortality and morbidity. We describe the effect of vaccination on COVID-19-patients admitted at our hospital. Retrospective, single-center study conducted in Genoa, Italy, including patients ≥18years hospitalized for COVID-19 from May to December 2021. Demographical and clinical data were collected, vaccinated (group-A) and not-vaccinated (group-B) patients were compared. Impact of vaccination on mortality, ICU admission, and oxygen need was studied using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models after adjusting for propensity scores. Overall, 395 patients SARS-CoV-2 infected were included, of which 150 (38%) were vaccinated and 245 (62%) were not vaccinated. Patients in group-A were older, more disable, and with higher morbidity. Overall, 64 patients (16%) died within 30 days from admission, 34 in Group A (23%), and 30 in group B (12%). However, no statistically significant differences were observed (group-A versus group-B: HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.49-1.40, p = 0.483). On the other hand, vaccination was protective in terms of ICU admission (OR = 0.23, p = 0.046) and oxygen need (OR = 0.33, p = 0.008). Our study confirms that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reduces morbidity among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The still high mortality in our cohort of vaccinated individuals could be partially due to vulnerable conditions of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Russo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Geriatric Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Labate
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Ponzano
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmen Bellezza
- Department of Emergency, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Mora
- Department of Informatics Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Arboscello
- Department of Emergency, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Geriatric Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Geriatric Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Hongtu Q, BoLi L, Jianguo C, Shusheng P, Ming M. Immunogenicity of rabies virus G mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles and nucleic acid immunostimulators in mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:7129-7137. [PMID: 37866995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is a preventable zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV) with high mortality. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have opened up new avenues for vaccine development and pandemic preparedness with potent scalability, which may overcome the only licensed rabies inactived vaccine' shortcoming of time and cost wasting. Here, we designed an RABV mRNA vaccines expressed RABV G protein and capsulated with lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and different nucleic acid immunostimulator (CPG 1018, CPG 2395 and Poly I:C) and then assessed the immunogenicity and protective capacity in mice. While RABV mRNA capsulated with LNP and CPG 1018 could induce more potent humoral response with highest and durable RABV-G specific IgG titers and virus neutralizing titers, but also induced stronger RABV G-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses, including the highest proportions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)- producing CD4+/CD8 + T cells according to a flow cytometry assay in mice. In addition, in the pre- and post-exposure challenge assays, LNP + CPG 1018 capsulated RABV G mRNA induced 100 % protection against 25 LD50 of RABV infection with highest inhibition efficacy of viral replication with the decreased virus genome detected by qRT-PCR. These results showed that RABV G mRNA capsulated with LNP immune-stimulating nucleic acids CPG 1018 showed promise as a safe and economical rabies vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Hongtu
- Scientific Research Department, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liu BoLi
- Emergency Department, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Jianguo
- Medical Laboratory, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Shusheng
- Medical Laboratory, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Ming
- Medical Laboratory, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Novak F, Bajwa HM, Coia JE, Nilsson AC, Nielsen C, Holm DK, Østergaard K, Hvidt MVM, Byg KE, Johansen IS, Mittl K, Rowles W, Zamvil SS, Bove R, Sabatino JJ, Sejbaek T. Low protection from breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild disease course in ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis after three mRNA vaccine doses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:934-937. [PMID: 37185261 PMCID: PMC10579504 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study investigated the rate of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes in a cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who were treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Ab), ocrelizumab, before first, second and third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations. To correlate clinical outcomes with the humoral and cellular response. METHODS The study was a prospective non-randomised controlled multicentre trial observational study. Participants with a diagnosis of MS who were treated for at least 12 months with ocrelizumab prior to the first BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were prospectively followed up from January 2021 to June 2022. RESULTS Out of 54 participants, 32 (59.3%) developed a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test in the study period. Mild infection was observed in all infected participants. After the third vaccination, the non-infected participants had higher mean Ab levels compared to the infected participants (54.3 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL vs 26.5 BAU/mL, p=0.030). The difference in reactivity between spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The study results demonstrate rates of 59% in breakthrough infections after the third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in ocrelizumab-treated patients with MS, without resulting in critical disease courses. These findings suggest the need for continuous development of prophylactic treatments when proved important in the protection of severe breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Novak
- Neurology, Southwest Jutland Hospital, Esbjerg, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hamza Mahmood Bajwa
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Jutland Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - John Eugenio Coia
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte K Holm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Keld-Erik Byg
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isik S Johansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristen Mittl
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Rowles
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center at UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph J Sabatino
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tobias Sejbaek
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Jutland Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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30
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Alp Çavuş S, Çelik M, Süner AF, Güzel I, Irmak Ç, Çağlayan D, Öztürk HG, Şiyve N, Appak Ö, Işık E, Ergör G, Ergör OA, Demiral Y, Sayıner AA, Kılıç B. Pre-infection antibody levels of vaccinated healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: A nested case-control study. Immunol Lett 2023; 262:1-6. [PMID: 37597753 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate anti-RBD IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titers between the health care workers (HCWs) with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls. METHODS In this nested case-case control study, we followed 548 vaccinated HCWs with homologous (only with inactivated vaccine) or heterologous (both with inactivated and BNT162b2 vaccine) vaccination for 11 months, prospectively. We obtained blood samples from the participants for quantitative anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization test. The participants with SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity (at least 14 days after the last vaccination) were considered breakthrough infection. We chose 1:2 matched controls from the cohort, according to age, sex and vaccination status. We used R version 4.0.2 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Sixty-five cases and 130 controls were included in the study. The number of the breakthrough infections in HCWs were correlated with the pandemic waves in Türkiye and peaked during Omicron outbreak. The median age of the cases was 39 and 78.5% were female. The cases had more comorbidities than controls, significantly (p = 0.021). All cases experienced no or mild symptoms and recovered completely. Both pre-infection anti-RBD antibody and neutralizing antibody titers did not differ between cases and matched controls (p = 0.767, p = 0.628). CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that there was no comparable difference in humoral response after homologous or heterologous vaccination between the cases of breakthrough infection and matched controls. Compliance with infection control measures should be ensured, in combination with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Alp Çavuş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye.
| | - Muammer Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Süner
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Irmak Güzel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Çağlar Irmak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya Çağlayan
- Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Huriye Gamze Öztürk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Neslişah Şiyve
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Appak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Elif Işık
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gül Ergör
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Osman Alparslan Ergör
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yücel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayça Arzu Sayıner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Bülent Kılıç
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Agbarya A, Sarel I, Ziv-Baran T, Schwartz O, Shechtman Y, Kozlener E, Khoury R, Sheikh-Ahmad M, Saiegh L, Swaid F, Ahmad AA, Janzic U, Brenner R. Response Rate of the Third and Fourth Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered to Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments. Diseases 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 37873772 PMCID: PMC10594524 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The BNT162b2 vaccine is globally used for preventing morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Cancer patients have had priority for receiving the vaccine due to their diminished immunity. This study reports the response rate of administering the third and fourth vaccine doses to cancer patients receiving active anti-neoplastic treatment. A total of 142 patients received two doses of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, while 76 and 25 patients received three and four doses, respectively. The efficacy of the humoral response following two vaccine doses was diminished in cancer patients, especially in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, patients who received three and four BNT162b2 vaccine doses were more likely to have antibody titers in the upper tertile compared to patients who received two doses of the vaccine (odds ratio (OR) 7.62 (95% CI 1.38-42.12), p = 0.02 and 17.15 (95% CI 5.01-58.7), p < 0.01, respectively). Unlike the response after two doses, the third and fourth BNT162b2 vaccine booster doses had an increased efficacy of 95-100% in cancer patients while undergoing active treatment. This result could be explained by different mechanisms including the development of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Agbarya
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ina Sarel
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Orna Schwartz
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Yelena Shechtman
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ella Kozlener
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Rasha Khoury
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Sheikh-Ahmad
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Leonard Saiegh
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Forat Swaid
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Asala Abu Ahmad
- Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Haifa 3339419, Israel; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (R.K.); (M.S.-A.); (L.S.); (F.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Urska Janzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Golnik, 4202 Golnik, Slovenia;
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Holon 5822012, Israel;
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Wang Y, Zhu Q, Sun R, Yi X, Huang L, Hu Y, Ge W, Gao H, Ye X, Song Y, Shao L, Li Y, Li J, Guo T, Shi J. Longitudinal proteomic investigation of COVID-19 vaccination. Protein Cell 2023; 14:668-682. [PMID: 36930526 PMCID: PMC10501184 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a remarkable success, the heterogeneous individual antibody generation and decline over time are unknown and still hard to predict. In this study, blood samples were collected from 163 participants who next received two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®) at a 28-day interval. Using TMT-based proteomics, we identified 1,715 serum and 7,342 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proteins. We proposed two sets of potential biomarkers (seven from serum, five from PBMCs) at baseline using machine learning, and predicted the individual seropositivity 57 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.87). Based on the four PBMC's potential biomarkers, we predicted the antibody persistence until 180 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.79). Our data highlighted characteristic hematological host responses, including altered lymphocyte migration regulation, neutrophil degranulation, and humoral immune response. This study proposed potential blood-derived protein biomarkers before vaccination for predicting heterogeneous antibody generation and decline after COVID-19 vaccination, shedding light on immunization mechanisms and individual booster shot planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Wang
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qianru Zhu
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Rui Sun
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xinfu Ye
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu Song
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Medical college of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Department of Infectious and Hepatology Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Albiol N, Lynton-Pons E, Aso O, Moga E, Vidal S, Gómez-Pérez L, Santiago JA, Triquell M, Roch N, Lázaro E, González I, López-Contreras J, Esquirol A, Sierra J, Martino R, García-Cadenas I. mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in recently transplanted allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Dynamics of cellular and humoral immune responses and booster effect. Leuk Res 2023; 132:107347. [PMID: 37356281 PMCID: PMC10284722 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at high risk of severe COVID-19 despite vaccination. Little is known about cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in this population, especially in recently transplanted patients (RTP). In this single-center study we examined cellular and humoral response to the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax®) vaccine in recently transplanted patients (RTP, n = 49), and compared them to long-term transplanted patients (LTTP, n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 20) at three different timepoints: one and three months after the second dose (T1 and T2, respectively, 28 days apart), and one month after the third dose (T3). Controls did not receive a third dose. RTPs showed lower IgG anti-S1 titers than healthy controls at both T1 (mean 0.50 vs 0.94 arbitrary units -AU-, p < 0.0001) and T2 (0.37 vs 0.79 AU, p < 0.0001). They also presented lower titers than LTTPs at T1 (0.50 vs 0.66, p = 0.01), but no differences at T2 (0.37 vs 0.40 AU, p = 0.55). The rate of positive T-cell responses was lower in RTPs than in controls at both T1 and T2 (61.2 % vs 95 %, p = 0.007; 59.2 % vs 100 %, p = 0.001, respectively), but without statistically significant differences between transplanted groups. At T3 no differences were seen between RTPs and LTTPs as well, neither in IgG antibodies (p = 0.82) nor in cellular responses (p = 0.15), although a third dose increased the rate of positive cellular and humoral responses in approximately 50 % of recently transplanted patients. However, active immunosuppressive treatment severely diminished their chances to produce an adequate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Albiol
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Elionor Lynton-Pons
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Aso
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Moga
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Gómez-Pérez
- Hematology Department, Hospital del Mar - Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Alejandre Santiago
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Triquell
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Lázaro
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria González
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Contreras
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Esquirol
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martino
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene García-Cadenas
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer del Mas Casanovas 90, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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Tan WC, Tan JYJ, Lim JSJ, Tan RYC, Lee ARYB, Leong FL, Lee SC, Chai LYA, Tan TT, Malek MIBA, Ong B, Lye DC, Chiew CJ, Chng WJ, Lim ST, Bharwani LD, Tan IB, Sundar R, Tan KB. COVID-19 Severity and Waning Immunity After up to 4 mRNA Vaccine Doses in 73 608 Patients With Cancer and 621 475 Matched Controls in Singapore: A Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:1221-1229. [PMID: 37440245 PMCID: PMC10346511 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Despite patients with cancer being at risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19, there are few published studies for vaccine efficacy in this group, with suboptimal immunogenicity and waning vaccine efficacy described in small studies being a concern. Objective To assess the incidence rate of severe COVID-19 disease outcomes associated with the number of vaccine doses received and the waning of protection over time. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective multicenter observational cohort study was carried out over 2 time periods (September 15, 2021, to December 20, 2021 [delta wave], and January 20, 2022, to November 11, 2022 [omicron wave]) predominated by SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants, respectively. Overall, 73 608 patients with cancer (23 217 active treatment, 50 391 cancer survivors) and 621 475 controls matched by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were included. Exposure Vaccine doses received, from zero to 4 doses, and time elapsed since last vaccine dose. Outcomes Competing-risk regression analyses were employed to account for competing risks of death in patients with cancer. Main outcomes were incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and severe disease (defined as requirement for supplemental oxygen, intensive care, or death). The IRRs stratified by time from last vaccine dose served as indicators of waning of vaccine effectiveness over time. Results The mean (SD) age of actively treated patients with cancer, cancer survivors, and controls were 62.7 (14.7), 62.9 (12.6), and 61.8 (14.7) years, respectively. Of 73 608 patients with cancer, 27 170 (36.9%) were men; 60 100 (81.6%) were Chinese, 7432 (10.1%) Malay, 4597 (6.2%) Indian, and 1479 (2.0%) were of other races and ethnicities. The IRRs for the 3-dose and 4-dose vs the 2-dose group (reference) for COVID-19 hospitalization and severe disease were significantly lower during both the delta and omicron waves in cancer and control populations. The IRRs for severe disease in the 3-dose group for active treatment, cancer survivors, and controls were 0.14, 0.13, and 0.07 during the delta wave and 0.29, 0.19, and 0.21 during omicron wave, respectively. The IRRs for severe disease in the 4-dose group during the omicron wave were even lower at 0.13, 0.10 and 0.10, respectively. No waning of vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization and severe disease was seen beyond 5 months after a third dose, nor up to 5 months (the end of this study's follow-up) after a fourth dose. Conclusion This cohort study provides evidence of the clinical effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Longevity of immunity in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in actively treated patients with cancer, cancer survivors, and matched controls was observed at least 5 months after the third or fourth dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chong Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joline Si Jing Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan Ying Cong Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fun Loon Leong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan Tong Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin Ong
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Calvin J. Chiew
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lavender B, Hooker C, Frampton C, Williams M, Carson S, Paterson A, McGregor R, Moreland NJ, Gell K, Priddy FH, Wiig K, Le Gros G, Ussher JE, Brewerton M. Robust immunogenicity of a third BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a naïve New Zealand cohort. Vaccine 2023; 41:5535-5544. [PMID: 37516574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to stimulate immune responses against subvariants, including Omicron BA.1, has not been assessed in New Zealand populations. Unlike many overseas populations, New Zealanders were largely infection naïve at the time they were boosted. This adult cohort of 298 participants, oversampled for at-risk populations, was composed of 29% Māori and 28% Pacific peoples, with 40% of the population aged 55+. A significant proportion of the cohort was obese and presented with at least one comorbidity. Sera were collected 28 days and 6 months post second vaccination and 28 days post third vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres and neutralising capacity using surrogate viral neutralisation assays against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, were investigated. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, within our cohort, prior to third vaccination was very low (<6%). This study found a third vaccine significantly increased the mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres, for every demographic subgroup, by a minimum of 1.5-fold compared to titres after two doses. Diabetic participants experienced a greater increase (∼4-fold) in antibody titres after their third vaccination, compared to non-diabetics (increase of ∼ 2-fold). This corrected for the deficiency in antibody titres within diabetic participants which was observed following two doses. A third dose also induced a neutralising response against Omicron variant BA.1, which was absent after two doses. This neutralising response improved regardless of age, BMI, ethnicity, or diabetes status. Participants aged ≥75 years consistently had the lowest SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres at each timepoint, however experienced the greatest improvement after three doses compared to younger participants. This study shows that in the absence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine enhances immunogenicity, including against Omicron BA.1, in a cohort representative of at-risk groups in the adult New Zealand population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Lavender
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Hooker
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Michael Williams
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Carson
- Pacific Clinical Research Network, 1289 Haupapa St, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand
| | - Aimee Paterson
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 2 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Reuben McGregor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 2 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nicole J Moreland
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 2 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Katie Gell
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - Kjesten Wiig
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and University of Otago, 362 Leith St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Maia Brewerton
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand and Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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36
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Akahata W, Sekida T, Nogimori T, Ode H, Tamura T, Kono K, Kazami Y, Washizaki A, Masuta Y, Suzuki R, Matsuda K, Komori M, Morey AL, Ishimoto K, Nakata M, Hasunuma T, Fukuhara T, Iwatani Y, Yamamoto T, Smith JF, Sato N. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing an anchored RBD: A randomized, observer-blind phase 1 study. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101134. [PMID: 37586325 PMCID: PMC10439244 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
VLPCOV-01 is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine that expresses a membrane-anchored receptor-binding domain (RBD) derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. A phase 1 study of VLPCOV-01 is conducted (jRCT2051210164). Participants who completed two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine previously are randomized to receive one intramuscular vaccination of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μg VLPCOV-01, 30 μg BNT162b2, or placebo. No serious adverse events have been reported. VLPCOV-01 induces robust immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers against the RBD protein that are maintained up to 26 weeks in non-elderly participants, with geometric means ranging from 5,037 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1,272-19,940) at 0.3 μg to 12,873 (95% CI 937-17,686) at 3 μg compared with 3,166 (95% CI 1,619-6,191) with 30 μg BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibody titers against all variants of SARS-CoV-2 tested are induced. VLPCOV-01 is immunogenic following low-dose administration. These findings support the potential for saRNA as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sekida
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Takuto Nogimori
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kono
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Yoko Kazami
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Mai Komori
- VLP Therapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Misako Nakata
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasunuma
- Department of Research, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0072, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan; Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | - Nobuaki Sato
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
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37
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Foy CG, Lloyd SL, Williams KL, Gwathmey TM, Caban-Holt A, Starks TD, Fortune DR, Ingram LR, Byrd GS. Gender, Age and COVID-19 Vaccination Status in African American Adult Faith-Based Congregants in the Southeastern United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01744-w. [PMID: 37580437 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant differences in COVID-19 vaccination rates, with African Americans reporting lower rates compared to other racial and ethnic groups. The purpose of these analyses was to assess whether COVID-19 vaccination status differed according to age in a sample of 1,240 African American adult congregants of faith-based organizations ages 18 years or older, and to examine whether this association was moderated by gender. DESIGN We developed and administered a 75-item cross-sectional survey, the Triad Pastor's Network COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccination survey, to assess experiences and perceptions regarding the COVID-19 virus and vaccines. We assessed the association between age and having received > 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine using unadjusted and multivariable binary logistic regression models, and the interaction of age and gender with COVID-19 vaccination status in a multivariable model. RESULTS Approximately 86% of participants reported having received ≥ 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. The mean age (standard deviation) of the sample was 51.33 (16.62) years, and 70.9% of the sample was comprised of women. The age by gender interaction term in the multivariable model was significant (p = 0.005), prompting additional analyses stratified by gender. In women, increased age was significantly associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccination (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval 1.06, 1.11; p < 0.001). In men, the association was not significant (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Older age was positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination in African American women, but not African American men, which may inform strategies to increase vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capri G Foy
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Shawnta L Lloyd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kelvin L Williams
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Adults Independence Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - TanYa M Gwathmey
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Allison Caban-Holt
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Takiyah D Starks
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Doreen R Fortune
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - LaDrea R Ingram
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, Social Behavioral Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Wasserman EB, Sills AK, Martins D, Casolaro A, Walton P, Anderson D, Pasha S, O'Neal C, Eichner D, Osterholm M, Mancell J, Mack CD. Factors associated with antibody titer levels among an occupational cohort of fully vaccinated individuals and subsequent risk of COVID-19 infection: A cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28999. [PMID: 37554019 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This study (1) determined the association of time since initial vaccine regimen, booster dose receipt, and COVID-19 history with antibody titer, as well as change in titer levels over a defined period, and (2) determined risk of COVID-19 associated with low titer levels. This observational study used data from staff participating in the National Football League COVID-19 Monitoring Program. A cohort of staff consented to antibody-focused sub-study, during which detailed longitudinal data were collected. Among all staff in the program who received antibody testing, COVID-19 incidence following antibody testing was determined. Five hundred eighty-six sub-study participants completed initial antibody testing; 80% (469) completed follow-up testing 50-101 days later. Among 389 individuals who were not boosted at initial testing, the odds of titer < 1000 AU/mL (vs. ≥1000 AU/mL) increased 44% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.75) for every 30 days since final dose. Among 126 participants boosted before initial testing with no COVID-19 history, 125 (99%) had a value > 2500 AU/ml; 86 (96%) of 90 tested at follow-up and did not develop COVID-19 in the interim remained at that value. One thousand fifty-seven fully vaccinated (330 [29%] boosted at antibody test) individuals participating in the monitoring program were followed to determine COVID-19 status. Individuals with titer value < 1000 AU/mL had twice the risk of COVID-19 as those with >2500 AU/mL (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28-3.18). Antibody levels decrease postvaccination; boosting increases titer values. While antibody level is not a clear proxy for infection immunity, lower titer values are associated with higher COVID-19 incidence, suggesting increased protection from boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damion Martins
- Atlantic Sports Health, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anthony Casolaro
- MD2 McLean, Virginia Hospital Center, Tysons Corner, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Deverick Anderson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Infection Control Education for Major Sports, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saamir Pasha
- IQVIA Real-World Solutions, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine O'Neal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jimmie Mancell
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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De Pace V, Bruzzone B, Ricucci V, Calcavecchia N, Guarona G, Giberti I, Costa E, Ogliastro M, Galano B, Nigro N, Murgia D, Nanni L, Orsi A. Long follow-up of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (2020-2022): A retrospective longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2258632. [PMID: 37724517 PMCID: PMC10512804 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2258632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG production and protection from severe respiratory illness should be explored in greater depth after COVID-19 booster vaccination. This longitudinal observational retrospective study investigated the anti-spike IgG response elicited by the first, second and booster doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers (HCW) at San Martino IRCCS Policlinico Hospital (Genoa) up to the 12th month. Sequential blood sampling was performed at T0 (prior to vaccination), T1 (21 days after the 1st dose of vaccine), T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 (7 days and 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after the 2nd dose, respectively), T7 and T8 (1 and 3 months after a booster dose). A SARS-CoV-2 IgG panel (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) was used to determine levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-1 (S1), spike-2 and nucleocapsid structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. In the 51 HCWs evaluated, seroprevalence was 96% (49/51) at T1 and 100% (51/51) from T2 to T5 for RBD and S1. At T6, only one HCW was negative. T2 [RBD = 2945 (IQR:1693-5364); S1 = 1574 (IQR:833-3256) U/mL], and T7 [RBD = 8204 (IQR:4129-11,912); S1 = 4124 (IQR:2124-6326) U/mL] were characterized by the highest antibody values. Significant humoral increases in RBD and S1 were documented at T7 and T8 compared to T2 and T4, respectively (p-value < .001). Following vaccination with BNT162b2 and a booster dose in the 9th month, naïve and healthy subjects show high antibody titers up to 12 months and a protective humoral response against COVID-19 disease lasting up to 20 months after the last booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa De Pace
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricucci
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guarona
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Giberti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Galano
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Nigro
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Murgia
- Medicine Laboratory, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Nanni
- Medicine Laboratory, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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40
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Chong Y, Goto T, Watanabe H, Tani N, Yonekawa A, Ikematsu H, Shimono N, Tanaka Y, Akashi K. Achievement of sufficient antibody response after a fourth dose of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in nursing home residents. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e962. [PMID: 37647452 PMCID: PMC10461422 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection control during COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing facilities is a critical public health issue. Antibody responses before and after the fourth (second booster) dose of wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in nursing home residents have not been fully characterized. METHODS This study included 112 individuals: 54 nursing home residents (mean age: 84.4 years; 35 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 19 previously infected) and 58 healthcare workers (mean age: 47.7 years; 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 33 previously infected). Antispike and antinucleocapsid antibody responses to messenger RNA vaccination were evaluated using serum samples collected shortly and 5 months after the third dose, and shortly after the fourth dose. RESULTS The median immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in SARS-CoV-2-naive residents was similar to that in SARS-CoV-2-naive healthcare workers after the fourth dose (24,026.3 vs. 30,328.6 AU/mL, p = .79), whereas after the third dose the IgG level of SARS-CoV-2-naive residents was approximately twofold lower than that in SARS-CoV-2-naive healthcare workers. In residents with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, timing of infection in relation to vaccination affected the kinetics of antibody responses. Residents infected after the third dose showed the highest IgG levels after the fourth dose among all groups (median: 64,328.8 AU/mL), in contrast to residents infected before initiating vaccination with antibody levels similar to those of SARS-CoV-2-naive residents. CONCLUSIONS Advanced aged nursing home residents, poor responders in the initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series, could achieve sufficient antibody responses after the fourth (second booster) vaccination, comparable to those of younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic ScienceKyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine)FukuokaJapan
| | - Takeyuki Goto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic ScienceKyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine)FukuokaJapan
| | - Haruka Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious DiseaseKyushu University HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic ScienceKyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine)FukuokaJapan
| | - Akiko Yonekawa
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic ScienceKyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine)FukuokaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Ikematsu
- Division of Influenza ResearchJapan Physicians AssociationTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Department of Center for the Study of Global InfectionCenter for the Study of Global Infection, Kyushu University HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical Corporation SOUSEIKAI, Kanenokuma HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic ScienceKyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine)FukuokaJapan
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Hertz T, Levy S, Ostrovsky D, Oppenheimer H, Zismanov S, Kuzmina A, Friedman LM, Trifkovic S, Brice D, Chun-Yang L, Cohen-Lavi L, Shemer-Avni Y, Cohen-Lahav M, Amichay D, Keren-Naus A, Voloshin O, Weber G, Najjar-Debbiny R, Chazan B, McGargill MA, Webby R, Chowers M, Novack L, Novack V, Taube R, Nesher L, Weinstein O. Correlates of protection for booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4575. [PMID: 37516771 PMCID: PMC10387073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, especially with multiple doses, provides substantial population-level protection against COVID-19, but emerging variants of concern (VOC) and waning immunity represent significant risks at the individual level. Here we identify correlates of protection (COP) in a multicenter prospective study following 607 healthy individuals who received three doses of the Pfizer-BNT162b2 vaccine approximately six months prior to enrollment. We compared 242 individuals who received a fourth dose to 365 who did not. Within 90 days of enrollment, 239 individuals contracted COVID-19, 45% of the 3-dose group and 30% of the four-dose group. The fourth dose elicited a significant rise in antibody binding and neutralizing titers against multiple VOCs reducing the risk of symptomatic infection by 37% [95%CI, 15%-54%]. However, a group of individuals, characterized by low baseline titers of binding antibodies, remained susceptible to infection despite significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers upon boosting. A combination of reduced IgG levels to RBD mutants and reduced VOC-recognizing IgA antibodies represented the strongest COP in both the 3-dose group (HR = 6.34, p = 0.008) and four-dose group (HR = 8.14, p = 0.018). We validated our findings in an independent second cohort. In summary combination IgA and IgG baseline binding antibody levels may identify individuals most at risk from future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
| | - Shlomia Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Ostrovsky
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hanna Oppenheimer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shosh Zismanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alona Kuzmina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Brice
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lin Chun-Yang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonat Shemer-Avni
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen-Lahav
- Laboratory of Management, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron Amichay
- Central Laboratory, Clalit Health Services & Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Ayelet Keren-Naus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olga Voloshin
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Weber
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronza Najjar-Debbiny
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bibiana Chazan
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michal Chowers
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba, Israel.
| | - Orly Weinstein
- Dept. of Health systems management, faculty of health sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Hospital division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Franco-Luiz APM, Fernandes NMGS, Silva TBDS, Bernardes WPDOS, Westin MR, Santos TG, Fernandes GDR, Simões TC, Silva EFE, Gava SG, Alves BM, de Carvalho Melo M, da Silva-Pereira RA, Alves PA, Fonseca CT. Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220600. [PMID: 37520570 PMCID: PMC10376701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a major impact on health systems. Vaccines have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical outcome of COVID-19, but they are not able to fully prevent infection and reinfection, especially that caused by new variants. Methods Here, we tracked for 450 days the humoral immune response and reinfection in 52 healthcare workers from Brazil. Infection and reinfection were confirmed by RT-qPCR, while IgM and IgG antibody levels were monitored by rapid test. Results Of the 52 participants, 19 (36%) got reinfected during the follow-up period, all presenting mild symptoms. For all participants, IgM levels dropped sharply, with over 47% of them becoming seronegative by the 60th day. For IgG, 90% of the participants became seropositive within the first 30 days of follow-up. IgG antibodies also dropped after this period reaching the lowest level on day 270 (68.5 ± 72.3, p<0.0001). Booster dose and reinfection increased the levels of both antibodies, with the interaction between them resulting in an increase in IgG levels of 130.3 arbitrary units. Conclusions Overall, our data indicate that acquired humoral immunity declines over time and suggests that IgM and IgG antibody levels are not associated with the prevention of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Moreira Franco-Luiz
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nubia Monteiro Gonçalves Soares Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Bárbara de Souza Silva
- Grupo de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Rodrigues Westin
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcia Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Informática de Biossistemas, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taynãna César Simões
- Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandes E. Silva
- Serviço de capacitação em métodos quantitativos -SAMeQ, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Grossi Gava
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Magalhães Alves
- Centro de Vigilância em Saúde e Segurança do Paciente, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Célio de Castro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Carvalho Melo
- Serviço Especializado em Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Célio de Castro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A. da Silva-Pereira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Grupo de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Wang F, Huang B, Deng Y, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Q, Zhao L, Tang L, Wang W, Wang X, Ye F, Hu W, Yang H, Wang S, Ren J, Liu X, Wang C, Guan X, Wang R, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wu D, An Z, Xu W, Rodewald LE, Gao GF, Yin Z, Tan W. Neutralizing antibody levels associated with injectable and aerosolized Ad5-nCoV boosters and BA.2 infection. BMC Med 2023; 21:233. [PMID: 37400857 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several COVID-19 vaccines are in widespread use in China. Few data exist on comparative immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as booster doses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody levels raised by injectable and inhaled aerosolized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine as a heterologous booster after an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine two-dose primary series. METHODS Using an open-label prospective cohort design, we recruited 136 individuals who had received inactivated vaccine primary series followed by either injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored vaccine and measured neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. We also measured neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent sera from 39 patients who recovered from Omicron BA.2 infection. RESULTS Six months after primary series vaccination, neutralizing immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was low and neutralizing immunity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) was lower. Boosting with Ad5-vectored vaccines induced a high immune response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.5 were ≥ 80% lower than against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in sera from prime-boost subjects and in convalescent sera from survivors of Omicron BA.2 infection. Inhaled aerosolized Ad5-vectored vaccine was associated with greater neutralizing titers than injectable Ad5-vectored vaccine against ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the current strategy of heterologous boosting with injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Deng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobai Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Siquan Wang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangning Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruize Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie An
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence E Rodewald
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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44
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Galanis P, Vraka I, Katsiroumpa A, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Mariolis‐Sapsakos T, Kaitelidou D. Predictors of second COVID-19 booster dose or new COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:3943-3953. [PMID: 36345133 PMCID: PMC9878136 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the levels of second COVID-19 booster dose/new COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses and explore the potential predictors of vaccine hesitancy. BACKGROUND COVID-19 full vaccination seems to be highly effective against highly contagious variants of SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare workers are at high-risk group since they have experienced high levels of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. DESIGN An on-line cross-sectional study was carried out in Greece in May 2022, using a self-administered questionnaire. METHODS The study population included nurses in healthcare services who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 at the time of study. We considered socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related variables, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and pandemic as potential predictors of vaccine hesitancy. We applied the STROBE checklist in our study. RESULTS Among 795 nurses, 30.9% were hesitant toward a second booster dose or a new COVID-19 vaccine. Independent predictors of hesitancy included lower educational level, absence of a chronic condition, good/very good self-perceived physical health, lack of flu vaccination during 2021, front-line nurses that provided healthcare to COVID-19 patients, nurses that had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and nurses that had at least one relative/friend that has died from COVID-19. Moreover, increased compliance with hygiene measures, increased fear of a second booster dose/new COVID-19 vaccine and decreased trust in COVID-19 vaccination were associated with increased hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that a significant percentage of nurses are hesitant toward a second booster dose/new COVID-19 vaccine. This initial hesitancy could be a barrier to efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses' role during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential since they are the front-line healthcare workers empowering the public with their passion and empathy. There is a need to communicate COVID-19 vaccine science in a way that is accessible to nurses in order to decrease COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of NursingNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Irene Vraka
- Department of RadiologyP. & A. Kyriakou Children's HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of NursingNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism StudiesUniversity of PiraeusPiraeusGreece
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of NursingNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of NursingNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of NursingNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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Joseph G, Cohen C, Rubin C, Murad H, Indenbaum V, Asraf K, Weiss-Ottolenghi Y, Segal-Lieberman G, Kreiss Y, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G. Humoral Immunity of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Recovered vs. Naïve BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1628. [PMID: 37512801 PMCID: PMC10384358 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the response to vaccination, we characterized the humoral immune kinetics of these situations. In this prospective longitudinal study, we followed unvaccinated COVID-19-recovered individuals (n = 130) and naïve, two-dose BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (n = 372) who were age- and BMI-matched for six months during the first pandemic year. Anti-RBD-IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and avidity were assessed monthly. For recovered patients, data on symptoms and the severity of the disease were collected. Anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs titers at peak were higher after vaccination vs. after infection, but the decline was steeper (peak log IgG: 3.08 vs. 1.81, peak log NAbs: 5.93 vs. 5.04, slopes: -0.54 vs. -0.26). Peak anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs were higher in recovered individuals with BMI > 30 and in older individuals compared to individuals with BMI < 30, younger population. Of the recovered, 42 (36%) experienced long-COVID symptoms. Avidity was initially higher in vaccinated individuals compared with recovered individuals, though with time, it increased in recovered individuals but not among vaccinated individuals. Here, we show that while the initial antibody titers, neutralization, and avidity are lower in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals, they persist for a longer duration. These results suggest differential protection against COVID-19 in recovered-unvaccinated vs. naïve-vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Joseph
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), and Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Carmit Cohen
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), and Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Carmit Rubin
- Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Havi Murad
- Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), and Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gabriella Segal-Lieberman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), and Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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46
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Asahi N, Sakamaki I, Hida Y, Torii K, Hashimoto N, Iwasaki H, Iwano M, Kimura H. Antibody level dynamics until after the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17477. [PMID: 37361132 PMCID: PMC10284618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody titers of volunteers, including elderly people, were investigated after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) as an mRNA vaccine against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Serum samples were collected from 105 volunteers (44 healthcare workers and 61 elderly people) 7-14 days after the second vaccine dose, and antibody titers were measured. The antibody titers of study participants in their 20s were significantly higher than those of other age groups. Furthermore, the antibody titers of participants aged <60 years were significantly higher than those of participants aged ≥60 years. Serum samples were repeatedly collected from 44 healthcare workers until after the third vaccine dose. Eight months after the second round of vaccination, the antibody titer levels decreased to the same level as that before the second vaccine dose. After the third booster vaccination, the antibody titer recovered to the same level as that after the second dose. Neutralizing activities were also investigated at four time points before and after the second vaccine dose. The antibody titers and neutralizing activity were positively correlated. Therefore, neutralizing activity can be predicted by measuring the antibody titer. In conclusion, the antibody titers in the elderly population were significantly lower than those in the younger population. Although the antibody titers increased following vaccination, their levels showed a decline after several months, returning to the same level as that after a single dose of mRNA vaccination. The antibody titer levels recovered after the third dose of vaccination, which had already been administered in Japan. Routine administration of vaccine should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Asahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukio Hida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kunio Torii
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Departmfent of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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47
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Tan Y, Zou S, Ming F, Wu S, Guo W, Wu M, Tang W, Liang K. A tale of two conditions: when people living with HIV meet three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174379. [PMID: 37404815 PMCID: PMC10315467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, data on long-term immune responses to a homogenous booster dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine are still limited among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods A prospective cohort study with a 13-month follow-up was conducted in China between March 2021 and August 2022 to evaluate the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immunity against three doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine from before the first dose until 6 months after the booster dose vaccination among PLWH in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Results 43 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 23 HC were enrolled. Compared with HC, the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) levels among PLWH were significantly lower on days 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 after the booster dose vaccination. Among PLWH, the nAbs titers on days 14, 30, and 60 after the booster dose were significantly higher than the peak of the second dose. However, on day 180 after the booster dose, the nAbs titers were similar to the peak of the second dose vaccination. Compared with HC, the frequencies of IFN-γ-secreting and TNF-α-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells among PLWH were lower on days 14 and 180 after the booster dose vaccination. Among PLWH, increased T cell immunity was induced by the booster dose of the vaccine and kept stable on day 180 after the booster dose vaccination. Conclusion Although a homogenous booster dose following two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH could elicit higher nAb titers, reduce antibody decay, and maintain T cell responses even 6 months after vaccination, the overall immunogenicity of the booster dose was found to be lower among PLWH than among healthy controls. Further strategies are needed to improve immunogenicity to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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48
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Ishii T, Hamada K, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Okamoto K, Hisasue N, Sunohara M, Saito M, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. Waning cellular immune responses and predictive factors in maintaining cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 six months after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9607. [PMID: 37311763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that the humoral response produced by anti-spike antibodies elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines gradually declines. The kinetics, durability and influence of epidemiological and clinical factors on cellular immunity have not been fully elucidated. We analyzed cellular immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in 321 health care workers using whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays. IFN-γ, induced by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells stimulated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike epitopes (Ag2), levels were highest at 3 weeks after the second vaccination (6 W) and decreased by 37.4% at 3 months (4 M) and 60.0% at 6 months (7 M), the decline of which seemed slower than that of anti-spike antibody levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-γ induced by Ag2 at 7 M were significantly correlated with age, dyslipidemia, focal adverse reactions to full vaccination, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in whole blood, Ag2 levels before the second vaccination, and Ag2 levels at 6 W. We clarified the dynamics and predictive factors for the long-lasting effects of cellular immune responses. The results emphasize the need for a booster vaccine from the perspective of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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49
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Chuang YM, Alameh MG, Abouneameh S, Raduwan H, Ledizet M, Weissman D, Fikrig E. A mosquito AgTRIO mRNA vaccine contributes to immunity against malaria. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:88. [PMID: 37286568 PMCID: PMC10244833 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin of a vertebrate host. To prevent malaria, vaccination is the most effective strategy and there is an urgent need for new strategies to enhance current pathogen-based vaccines. Active or passive immunization against a mosquito saliva protein, AgTRIO, contributes to protection against Plasmodium infection of mice. In this study, we generated an AgTRIO mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and assessed its potential usefulness as a vaccine against malaria. Immunization of mice with an AgTRIO mRNA-LNP generated a robust humoral response, including AgTRIO IgG2a isotype antibodies that have been associated with protection. AgTRIO mRNA-LNP immunized mice exposed to Plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes had markedly reduced initial Plasmodium hepatic infection levels and increased survival compared to control mice. In addition, as the humoral response to AgTRIO waned over 6 months, additional mosquito bites boosted the AgTRIO IgG titers, including IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, which offers a unique advantage compared to pathogen-based vaccines. These data will aid in the generation of future malaria vaccines that may include both pathogen and vector antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Institute for RNA Innovation and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Selma Abouneameh
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Drew Weissman
- Institute for RNA Innovation and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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50
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Collett S, Earnest L, Carrera Montoya J, Edeling MA, Yap A, Wong CY, Christiansen D, Roberts J, Mumford J, Lecouturier V, Pavot V, Marco S, Loi JK, Simmons C, Gulab SA, Mackenzie JM, Elbourne A, Ramsland PA, Cameron G, Hans D, Godfrey DI, Torresi J. Development of virus-like particles with inbuilt immunostimulatory properties as vaccine candidates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1065609. [PMID: 37350788 PMCID: PMC10282183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines for human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and hepatitis E viruses represented a breakthrough in vaccine development. However, for dengue and COVID-19, technical complications, such as an incomplete understanding of the requirements for protective immunity, but also limitations in processes to manufacture VLP vaccines for enveloped viruses to large scale, have hampered VLP vaccine development. Selecting the right adjuvant is also an important consideration to ensure that a VLP vaccine induces protective antibody and T cell responses. For diseases like COVID-19 and dengue fever caused by RNA viruses that exist as families of viral variants with the potential to escape vaccine-induced immunity, the development of more efficacious vaccines is also necessary. Here, we describe the development and characterisation of novel VLP vaccine candidates using SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus (DENV), containing the major viral structural proteins, as protypes for a novel approach to produce VLP vaccines. The VLPs were characterised by Western immunoblot, enzyme immunoassay, electron and atomic force microscopy, and in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity studies. Microscopy techniques showed proteins self-assemble to form VLPs authentic to native viruses. The inclusion of the glycolipid adjuvant, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in the vaccine formulation led to high levels of natural killer T (NKT) cell stimulation in vitro, and strong antibody and memory CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, demonstrated with SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and DEN VLPs. This study shows our unique vaccine formulation presents a promising, and much needed, new vaccine platform in the fight against infections caused by enveloped RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Collett
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julio Carrera Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley Yap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Christiansen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Roberts
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Mumford
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Joon Keit Loi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron Simmons
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivali A. Gulab
- Avalia Immunotherapies Limited, Wellington, New Zealand
- Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jason M. Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhiraj Hans
- Research, Innovation and Commercialisation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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