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Samson R, Dharne M, Khairnar K. Bacteriophages: Status quo and emerging trends toward one health approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168461. [PMID: 37967634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the drug-resistant pathogens has been attributed to the ESKAPEE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., and Escherichia coli). Recently, these AMR microbes have become difficult to treat, as they have rendered the existing therapeutics ineffective. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective alternatives to lessen or eliminate the current infections and limit the spread of emerging diseases under the "One Health" framework. Bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring biological resources with extraordinary potential for biomedical, agriculture/food safety, environmental protection, and energy production. Specific unique properties of phages, such as their bactericidal activity, host specificity, potency, and biocompatibility, make them desirable candidates in therapeutics. The recent biotechnological advancement has broadened the repertoire of phage applications in nanoscience, material science, physical chemistry, and soft-matter research. Herein, we present a comprehensive review, coupling the substantial aspects of phages with their applicability status and emerging opportunities in several interdependent areas under one health concept. Consolidating the recent state-of-the-art studies that integrate human, animal, plant, and environment health, the following points have been highlighted: (i) The biomedical and pharmacological advantages of phages and their antimicrobial derivatives with particular emphasis on in-vivo and clinical studies. (ii) The remarkable potential of phages to be altered, improved, and applied for drug delivery, biosensors, biomedical imaging, tissue engineering, energy, and catalysis. (iii) Resurgence of phages in biocontrol of plant, food, and animal-borne pathogens. (iv) Commercialization of phage-based products, current challenges, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Samson
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mahesh Dharne
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Krishna Khairnar
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Environmental Virology Cell (EVC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India.
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2
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Kumar M, Jalota A, Sahu SK, Haque S. Therapeutic antibodies for the prevention and treatment of cancer. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:6. [PMID: 38216921 PMCID: PMC10787459 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-00996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The developments of antibodies for cancer therapeutics have made remarkable success in recent years. There are multiple factors contributing to the success of the biological molecule including origin of the antibody, isotype, affinity, avidity and mechanism of action. With better understanding of mechanism of cancer progression and immune manipulation, recombinant formats of antibodies are used to develop therapeutic modalities for manipulating the immune cells of patients by targeting specific molecules to control the disease. These molecules have been successful in minimizing the side effects instead caused by small molecules or systemic chemotherapy but because of the developing therapeutic resistance against these antibodies, combination therapy is thought to be the best bet for patient care. Here, in this review, we have discussed different aspects of antibodies in cancer therapy affecting their efficacy and mechanism of resistance with some relevant examples of the most studied molecules approved by the US FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Akansha Jalota
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Shabirul Haque
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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3
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Dübel S. Can antibodies be "vegan"? A guide through the maze of today's antibody generation methods. MAbs 2024; 16:2343499. [PMID: 38634488 PMCID: PMC11028021 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2343499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that today's life sciences would look very different without the availability of millions of research antibody products. Nevertheless, the use of antibody reagents that are poorly characterized has led to the publication of false or misleading results. The use of laboratory animals to produce research antibodies has also been criticized. Surprisingly, both problems can be addressed with the same technology. This review charts today's maze of different antibody formats and the various methods for antibody production and their interconnections, ultimately concluding that sequence-defined recombinant antibodies offer a clear path to both improved quality of experimental data and reduced use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dübel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Özçelik C, Beğli Ö, Hınçer A, Ahan RE, Kesici MS, Oğuz O, Kasırga TS, Özçubukçu S, Şeker UÖŞ. Synergistic Screening of Peptide-Based Biotechnological Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Yeast Display and Phage Display. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3609-3621. [PMID: 37638647 PMCID: PMC10557061 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics are robust and promising molecules for treating diverse disease conditions. These molecules can be developed from naturally occurring or mimicking native peptides, through rational design and peptide libraries. We developed a new platform for the rapid screening of the peptide therapeutics for disease targets. In the course of the study, we aimed to employ our platform to screen a new generation of peptide therapeutic candidates against aggregation-prone protein targets. Two peptide drug candidates were screened for protein aggregation-prone diseases, namely, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Currently, there are several therapeutic applications that are only effective in masking or slowing down symptom development. Nonetheless, different approaches are being developed for inhibiting amyloid aggregation in the secondary nucleation phase, which is critical for amyloid fibril formation. Instead of targeting secondary nucleated protein structures, we tried to inhibit the aggregation of monomeric amyloid units as a novel approach for halting the disease condition. To achieve this, we combined yeast surface display and phage display library platforms. We expressed α-synuclein, amyloid β40, and amyloid β42 on the yeast surface, and we selected peptides by using phage display library. After iterative biopanning cycles optimized for yeast cells, several peptides were selected for interaction studies. All of the peptides have been used for in vitro characterization methods, which are quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, dot-blotting, and ThT assay, and some of them have yielded promising results in blocking fibrillization. The rest of the peptides, although, interacted with amyloid units which made them usable as a sensor molecule candidate. Therefore, peptides selected by yeast surface display and phage display library combination are good choice for diverse disease-prone molecule inhibition, particularly those inhibiting fibrillization. Additionally, these selected peptides can be used as drugs and sensors to detect diseases quickly and halt disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile
Elif Özçelik
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Özge Beğli
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hınçer
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Recep Erdem Ahan
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seçkin Kesici
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Middle
East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Oğuz
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Talip Serkan Kasırga
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Middle
East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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5
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Lim HT, Kok BH, Leow CY, Leow CH. Exploring shark VNAR antibody against infectious diseases using phage display technology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108986. [PMID: 37541634 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody with high affinity and specificity to antigen has widely used as a tool to combat various diseases. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) naturally found in shark contains autonomous function as single-domain antibody. Due to its excellent characteristics, the small, non-complex, and highly stable have made shark VNAR can acquires the antigen-binding capability that might not be reached by conventional antibody. Phage display technology enables shark VNAR to be presented on the surface of phage, allowing the exploration of shark VNAR as an alternative antibody format to target antigens from various infectious diseases. The application of phage-displayed shark VNAR in antibody library and biopanning eventually leads to the discovery and isolation of antigen-specific VNARs with diagnostic and therapeutic potential towards infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the shark VNAR antibody, the types of phage display technology with comparison to the other types of display system, as well as the application and case studies of phage-displayed shark VNAR antibodies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ting Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hui Kok
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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6
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Kumari S, Singh K, Singh N, Khan S, Kumar A. Phage display and human disease detection. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 201:151-172. [PMID: 37770169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Phage display is a significant and active molecular method and has continued crucial for investigative sector meanwhile its unearthing in 1985. This practice has numerous benefits: the association among physiology and genome, the massive variety of variant proteins showed in sole collection and the elasticity of collection that can be achieved. It suggests a diversity of stages for manipulating antigen attachment; yet, variety and steadiness of exhibited library are an alarm. Additional improvements, like accumulation of non-canonical amino acids, resulting in extension of ligands that can be recognized through collection, will support in expansion of the probable uses and possibilities of technology. Epidemic of COVID-19 had taken countless lives, and while indicative prescriptions were provided to diseased individuals, still no prevention was observed for the contamination. Phage demonstration has presented an in-depth understanding into protein connections included in pathogenesis. Phage display knowledge is developing as an influential, inexpensive, quick, and effectual method to grow novel mediators for the molecular imaging and analysis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krati Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Grahn AK, Allen GL, Kay BK. Efficient Cloning of Inserts for Phage Display by Golden Gate Assembly. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2702:191-203. [PMID: 37679620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Phage display enables the discovery of high-affinity binders. In phage display, one commonly uses traditional cloning methods to insert DNA into the coding region of one of the five capsid proteins. Here we describe the use of a new vector with kanamycin resistance and BsaI sites for the utilization of Golden Gate cloning into the N-terminus of mature protein III. We also describe the successful pentavalent display of six different inserts: the AviD-tag, the Z-domain of protein A, the Myc-tag, the ALFA nanobody, the BC2 nanobody, and the Flag-tag.
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8
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Monoclonal antibody therapeutics for infectious diseases: Beyond normal human immunoglobulin. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108233. [PMID: 35738431 PMCID: PMC9212443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibody therapy is effective for treating infectious diseases. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, rapid development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat infectious diseases is urgently needed. Using a therapeutic human mAb with the lowest immunogenicity is recommended, because chimera and humanized mAbs are occasionally immunogenic. In order to directly obtain naïve human mAbs, there are three methods: phage display, B cell receptor (BCR) cDNA sequencing of a single cell, and antibody-encoding gene and amino acid sequencing of immortalized cells using memory B cells, which are isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy, vaccinated, infected, or recovered individuals. After screening against the antigen and performing neutralization assays, a human neutralizing mAb is constructed from the antibody-encoding DNA sequences of these memory B cells. This review describes examples of obtaining human neutralizing mAbs against various infectious diseases using these methods. However, a few of these mAbs have been approved for therapy. Therefore, antigen characterization and evaluation of neutralization activity in vitro and in vivo are indispensable for the development of therapeutic mAbs. These results will accelerate the development of antibody drug as therapeutic agents.
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9
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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Rapid-format recombinant antibody-based methods for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: Recent advances and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043214. [PMID: 36523835 PMCID: PMC9744969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, has been continuously reported as a worldwide problem in healthcare settings. Additionally, the emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile has always been a critical concern and led to continuous efforts to develop more accurate diagnostic methods for detection of this recalcitrant pathogen. Currently, the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests for detecting the bacterium and/or its toxins, which exhibit varied sensitivity and specificity. In this regard, development of rapid diagnostic techniques based on antibodies has demonstrated promising results in both research and clinical environments. Recently, application of recombinant antibody (rAb) technologies like phage display has provided a faster and more cost-effective approach for antibody production. The application of rAbs for developing ultrasensitive diagnostic tools ranging from immunoassays to immunosensors, has allowed the researchers to introduce new platforms with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, DNA encoding antibodies are directly accessible in these approaches, which enables the application of antibody engineering to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Here, we review the latest studies about the antibody-based ultrasensitive diagnostic platforms for detection of C. difficile bacteria, with an emphasis on rAb technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Muñoz-López P, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Becerra-Báez EI, Fraga-Pérez K, Flores-Martínez LF, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Single-Chain Fragment Variable: Recent Progress in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174206. [PMID: 36077739 PMCID: PMC9455005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recombinant antibody fragments have shown remarkable potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the fight against cancer. The single-chain fragment variable (scFv) that contains the complete antigen-binding domains of a whole antibody, has several advantages such as a high specificity and affinity for antigens, a low immunogenicity, and the proven ability to penetrate tumor tissues and diffuse. This review provides an overview of the current studies on the principle, generation, and applications of scFvs, particularly in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, and underscores their potential use in clinical trials. Abstract Cancer remains a public health problem worldwide. Although conventional therapies have led to some excellent outcomes, some patients fail to respond to treatment, they have few therapeutic alternatives and a poor survival prognosis. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome this issue. The most recent approach is immunotherapy, particularly the use of recombinant antibodies and their derivatives, such as the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) containing the complete antigen-binding domains of a whole antibody that successfully targets tumor cells. This review describes the recent progress made with scFvs as a cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tool, with an emphasis on preclinical approaches and their potential use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5228-9917 (ext. 4401)
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11
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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Nabavi-Rad A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Application of recombinant antibodies for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Current status and future perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972930. [PMID: 36081500 PMCID: PMC9445313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), known as the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is regarded as one of the most common healthcare-associated bacterial infections worldwide. Due to the emergence of hypervirulent strains, development of new therapeutic methods for C. difficile infection (CDI) has become crucially important. In this context, antibodies have been introduced as valuable tools in the research and clinical environments, as far as the effectiveness of antibody therapy for CDI was reported in several clinical investigations. Hence, production of high-performance antibodies for treatment of CDI would be precious. Traditional approaches of antibody generation are based on hybridoma technology. Today, application of in vitro technologies for generating recombinant antibodies, like phage display, is considered as an appropriate alternative to hybridoma technology. These techniques can circumvent the limitations of the immune system and they can be exploited for production of antibodies against different types of biomolecules in particular active toxins. Additionally, DNA encoding antibodies is directly accessible in in vitro technologies, which enables the application of antibody engineering in order to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Here, we review the application of antibodies for CDI treatment with an emphasis on recombinant fragment antibodies. Also, this review highlights the current and future prospects of the aforementioned approaches for antibody-mediated therapy of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Yadegar, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Rutkauskaite J, Berger S, Stavrakis S, Dressler O, Heyman J, Casadevall I Solvas X, deMello A, Mazutis L. High-throughput single-cell antibody secretion quantification and enrichment using droplet microfluidics-based FRET assay. iScience 2022; 25:104515. [PMID: 35733793 PMCID: PMC9207670 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening and enrichment of antibody-producing cells have many important applications. Herein, we present a droplet microfluidic approach for high-throughput screening and sorting of antibody-secreting cells using a Förster resonance electron transfer (FRET)-based assay. The FRET signal is mediated by the specific binding of the secreted antibody to two fluorescently labeled probes supplied within a droplet. Functional hybridoma cells expressing either membrane-bound or secreted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or both, were efficiently differentiated in less than 30 min. The antibody secretion rate by individual hybridoma cells was recorded in the range of 14,000 Abs/min, while the density of membrane-bound fraction was approximately 100 Abs/μm2. Combining the FRET assay with droplet-based single-cell sorting, an 800-fold enrichment of antigen-specific cells was achieved after one round of sorting. The presented system overcomes several key limitations observed in conventional FACS-based screening methods and should be applicable to assaying various other secreted proteins. FRET-based screening assay of antibody-secreting cells in microfluidic droplets Membrane-bound and secreted antibodies of the same cell are efficiently differentiated Using mouse hybridoma cells antibody secretion assay is completed in 30 min FRET-based droplet sorting enables over 800-fold enrichment in one round of sorting
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Rutkauskaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio ave., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Berger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dressler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John Heyman
- Harvard University, SEAS, 9 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Andrew deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio ave., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Russo G, Unkauf T, Meier D, Wenzel EV, Langreder N, Schneider KT, Wiesner R, Bischoff R, Stadler V, Dübel S. In vitro evolution of myc-tag antibodies: in-depth specificity and affinity analysis of Myc1-9E10 and Hyper-Myc. Biol Chem 2022; 403:479-494. [PMID: 35312243 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used epitope tags is the myc-tag, recognized by the anti-c-Myc hybridoma antibody Myc1-9E10. Combining error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling and phage display, we generated an anti-c-Myc antibody variant (Hyper-Myc) with monovalent affinity improved to 18 nM and thermal stability increased by 37%. Quantification of capillary immunoblots and by flow cytometry demonstrated improved antigen detection by Hyper-Myc. Further, three different species variants of this antibody were generated to allow the use of either anti-human, anti-mouse or anti-rabbit Fc secondary antibodies for detection. We characterized the specificity of both antibodies in depth: individual amino acid exchange mapping demonstrated that the recognized epitope was not changed by the in vitro evolution process. A laser printed array of 29,127 different epitopes representing all human linear B-cell epitopes of the Immune Epitope Database allowing to chart unwanted reactivities with mimotopes showed these to be very low for both antibodies and not increased for Hyper-Myc despite its improved affinity. The very low background reactivity of Hyper-Myc was confirmed by staining of myc-tag transgenic zebrafish whole mounts. Hyper-Myc retains the very high specificity of Myc1-9E10 while allowing myc-tag detection at lower concentrations and with either anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti human secondary antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Russo
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Unkauf
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,iTUBS mbH, Wilhelmsgarten 3, D-38100 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebecca Wiesner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Bischoff
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Research Program "Functional and Structural Genomics", German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Stadler
- Pepperprint GmbH, Rischerstrasse 12, D-69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Luginbuehl V, Abraham E, Kovar K, Flaaten R, Müller AMS. Better by design: What to expect from novel CAR-engineered cell therapies? Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107917. [PMID: 35149146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, and CAR-T cells in particular, have emerged as a new and powerful tool in cancer immunotherapy since demonstrating efficacy against several hematological malignancies. However, despite encouraging clinical results of CAR-T cell therapy products, a significant proportion of patients do not achieve satisfactory responses, or relapse. In addition, CAR-T cell applications to solid tumors is still limited due to the tumor microenvironment and lack of specifically targetable tumor antigens. All current products on the market, as well as most investigational CAR-T cell therapies, are autologous, using the patient's own peripheral blood mononuclear cells as starting material to manufacture a patient-specific batch. Alternative cell sources are, therefore, under investigation (e.g. allogeneic cells from an at least partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched healthy donor, universal "third-party" cells from a non-HLA-matched donor, cord blood-derived cells, immortalized cell lines or cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells). However, genetic modifications of CAR-engineered cells, bioprocesses used to expand cells, and improved supply chains are still complex and costly. To overcome drawbacks associated with CAR-T technologies, novel CAR designs have been used to genetically engineer cells derived from alpha beta (αβ) T cells, other immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells, macrophages or dendritic cells. This review endeavours to trigger ideas on the next generation of CAR-engineered cell therapies beyond CAR-T cells and, thus, will enable effective, safe and affordable therapies for clinical management of cancer. To achieve this, we present a multidisciplinary overview, addressing a wide range of critical aspects: CAR design, development and manufacturing technologies, pharmacological concepts and clinical applications of CAR-engineered cell therapies. Each of these fields employs a large number of ground-breaking scientific advances, where coordinated and complex process and product development occur at their interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Luginbuehl
- Novartis Oncology, Cell & Gene Therapy, Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland.
| | - Eytan Abraham
- Personalized Medicine Lonza Pharma&Biotech, Lonza Ltd., Walkersville, MD, USA
| | | | - Richard Flaaten
- Novartis Oncology, Cell & Gene Therapy, Novartis Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonia M S Müller
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Yang Y, Nian S, Li L, Wen X, Liu Q, Zhang B, Lan Y, Yuan Q, Ye Y. Fully human recombinant antibodies against EphA2 from a multi-tumor patient immune library suitable for tumor-targeted therapy. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10379-10400. [PMID: 34709992 PMCID: PMC8810047 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced EphA2 expression is observed in a variety of epithelial-derived malignancies and is an important target for anti-tumor therapy. Currently, Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints have shown good efficacy for tumor treatment. In this study, we constructed an immune single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 200 patients with a variety of malignant tumors. High affinity scFvs against EphA2 can be easily screened from the immune library using phage display technology. Anti-EphA2 scFvs can be modified into any form of recombinant antibody, including scFv-Fc and full-length IgG1 antibodies, and the recombinant antibody affinity was improved following modification. Among the modified anti-EphA2 antibodies the affinity of 77-IgG1 was significantly increased, reaching a pmol affinity level (10−12). We further demonstrated the binding activity of recombinant antibodies to the EphA2 protein, tumor cells, and tumor tissues using macromolecular interaction techniques, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Most importantly, both the constructed scFvs-Fc, as well as the IgG1 antibodies against EphA2 were able to inhibit the growth of tumor cells to some extent. These results suggest that the immune libraries from patients with malignant tumors are more likely to screen for antibodies with high affinity and therapeutic effect. The constructed fully human scFv immune library has broad application prospects for specific antibody screening. The screened scFv-Fc and IgG1 antibodies against EphA2 can be used for the further study of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
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16
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Sulong P, Anudit N, Nuanualsuwan S, Mariela S, Khantasup K. Application of phage display technology for the production of antibodies against Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258931. [PMID: 34699547 PMCID: PMC8547629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 infection is a problem in the swine industry and responsible for most cases of human infection worldwide. Since current multiplex PCR cannot differentiate between serotypes 2 and 1/2, then serotype-specific antibodies (Abs) are required for serotype identification to confirm infection by serotype 2. This study aimed to generate Abs specific to S. suis serotype 2 by phage display from a human heavy chain variable domain (VH) antibody library. For biopanning, whole cells of S. suis serotype 2 were used as the target antigen. With increasing selection stringency, we could select the VH Abs that specifically bound to a S. suis serotype 2 surface antigen, which was identified as the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). From ELISA analysis, the specific phage clone 47B3 VH with the highest binding activity to S. suis serotype 2 was selected and shown to have no cross-reactivity with S. suis serotypes 1/2, 1, and 14 that shared a common epitope with serotype 2 and occasionally cause infections in human. Moreover, no cross-reactivity with other bacteria that can be found in septic blood specimens was also observed. Then, 47B3 VH was successfully expressed as soluble 47B3 VH in E. coli TG1. The soluble 47B3 VH crude extract was further tested for its binding ability in a dose-dependent ELISA assay. The results indicated that the activity of phage clone 47B3 was still retained even when the Ab occurred in the soluble form. A quellung reaction demonstrated that the soluble 47B3 VH Ab could show bioactivity by differentiation between S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. Thus, it will be beneficial to use this VH Ab in the diagnosis of disease or discrimination of S. suis serotypes Furthermore, the results described here could motivate the use of phage display VH platform to produce serotyping antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawadee Sulong
- The Medical Microbiology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsinee Anudit
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Segura Mariela
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kannika Khantasup
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vaccines and Therapeutic Proteins Research Group, the Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Jaroszewicz W, Morcinek-Orłowska J, Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Węgrzyn G. Phage display and other peptide display technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6407522. [PMID: 34673942 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology, which is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the surface of bacteriophage virions, was developed over 30 years ago. Improvements in phage display systems have allowed us to employ this method in numerous fields of biotechnology, as diverse as immunological and biomedical applications, the formation of novel materials and many others. The importance of phage display platforms was recognized by awarding the Nobel Prize in 2018 "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies". In contrast to many review articles concerning specific applications of phage display systems published in recent years, we present an overview of this technology, including a comparison of various display systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of applications in various fields of science, medicine, and the broad sense of biotechnology. Other peptide display technologies, which employ bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells, as well as eukaryotic viruses and cell-free systems, are also discussed. These powerful methods are still being developed and improved; thus, novel sophisticated tools based on phage display and other peptide display systems are constantly emerging, and new opportunities to solve various scientific, medical and technological problems can be expected to become available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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18
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Yeoh SG, Sum JS, Lai JY, W Isa WYH, Lim TS. Potential of Phage Display Antibody Technology for Cardiovascular Disease Immunotherapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:360-380. [PMID: 34467463 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD includes coronary artery diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. "Lipid hypothesis" which is also known as the cholesterol hypothesis proposes the linkage of plasma cholesterol level with the risk of developing CVD. Conventional management involves the use of statins to reduce the serum cholesterol levels as means for CVD prevention or treatment. The regulation of serum cholesterol levels can potentially be regulated with biological interventions like monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is a powerful tool for the development of therapeutic antibodies with successes over the recent decade. Although mainly for oncology, the application of monoclonal antibodies as immunotherapeutic agents could potentially be expanded to CVD. This review focuses on the concept of phage display for antibody development and discusses the potential target antigens that could potentially be beneficial for serum cholesterol management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ghee Yeoh
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jia Siang Sum
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - W Y Haniff W Isa
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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19
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Lou Y, Zhao W, Wei H, Chu M, Chao R, Yao H, Su J, Li Y, Li X, Cao Y, Feng Y, Wang P, Xia Y, Shang Y, Li F, Ge P, Zhang X, Gao W, Song G, Du B, Liang T, Qiu Y, Liu M. Cross-neutralization of RBD mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 by convalescent patient derived antibodies. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100207. [PMID: 34379353 PMCID: PMC8420279 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an urgent need for the development of therapeutic interventions. Of which, neutralizing antibodies play a crucial role in the prevention and resolution of viral infection. METHODS We generated antibody libraries from 18 different COVID-19 recovered patients and screened neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants. After 3 rounds of panning, 456 positive phage clones were obtained with high affinity to RBD (receptor binding domain). Clones were then reconstituted into whole human IgG for epitope binning assay and all 19 IgG were classified into 6 different epitope groups or Bins. RESULTS Although all antibodies were found to bind RBD, the antibodies in Bin2 had superior inhibitory ability of the interaction between spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2). Most importantly, the antibodies from Bin2 showed stronger binding affinity or ability to mutant RBDs (N501Y, W463R, R408I, N354D, V367F and N354D/D364Y) derived from different SARS-CoV-2 strains as well, suggesting the great potential of these antibodies in preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations. Furthermore, such neutralizing antibodies strongly restricted the binding of RBD to hACE2 overexpressed 293T cells. Consistently, these antibodies effectively neutralized wildtype and more transmissible mutant pseudovirus entry into hACE2 overexpressed 293T cells. In Vero-E6 cells, one of these antibodies can even block the entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells at 12.5 nM. DISCUSSION These results indicate that the neutralizing human antibodies from the patient-derived antibody libraries have the potential to fight SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants in this global pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- State Key Laboratory for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haitao Wei
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Chu
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ruihua Chao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Junwei Su
- State Key Laboratory for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanan Li
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiulan Li
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Cao
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Wang
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | | | | | - Fengping Li
- SymRay Biopharma Inc., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Pingju Ge
- Acrobiosystems Inc., Beijing, 100176, China
| | | | | | - Gaojie Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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20
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Wolf P. Targeted Toxins for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080986. [PMID: 34440190 PMCID: PMC8391386 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, new treatment options are urgently needed for advanced stages of the disease. Targeted toxins are chemical conjugates or fully recombinant proteins consisting of a binding domain directed against a target antigen on the surface of cancer cells and a toxin domain, which is transported into the cell for the induction of apoptosis. In the last decades, targeted toxins against prostate cancer have been developed. Several challenges, however, became apparent that prevented their direct clinical use. They comprise immunogenicity, low target antigen binding, endosomal entrapment, and lysosomal/proteasomal degradation of the targeted toxins. Moreover, their efficacy is impaired by prostate tumors, which are marked by a dense microenvironment, low target antigen expression, and apoptosis resistance. In this review, current findings in the development of targeted toxins against prostate cancer in view of effective targeting, reduction of immunogenicity, improvement of intracellular trafficking, and overcoming apoptosis resistance are discussed. There are promising approaches that should lead to the clinical use of targeted toxins as therapeutic alternatives for advanced prostate cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-761-270-28921
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Bertoglio F, Fühner V, Ruschig M, Heine PA, Abassi L, Klünemann T, Rand U, Meier D, Langreder N, Steinke S, Ballmann R, Schneider KT, Roth KDR, Kuhn P, Riese P, Schäckermann D, Korn J, Koch A, Chaudhry MZ, Eschke K, Kim Y, Zock-Emmenthal S, Becker M, Scholz M, Moreira GMSG, Wenzel EV, Russo G, Garritsen HSP, Casu S, Gerstner A, Roth G, Adler J, Trimpert J, Hermann A, Schirrmann T, Dübel S, Frenzel A, Van den Heuvel J, Čičin-Šain L, Schubert M, Hust M. A SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody selected from COVID-19 patients binds to the ACE2-RBD interface and is tolerant to most known RBD mutations. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109433. [PMID: 34273271 PMCID: PMC8260561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a form of severe pneumonia disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To develop human neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antibody gene libraries from convalescent COVID-19 patients were constructed and recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were selected by phage display. The antibody STE90-C11 shows a subnanometer IC50 in a plaque-based live SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. The in vivo efficacy of the antibody is demonstrated in the Syrian hamster and in the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice model. The crystal structure of STE90-C11 Fab in complex with SARS-CoV-2-RBD is solved at 2.0 Å resolution showing that the antibody binds at the same region as ACE2 to RBD. The binding and inhibition of STE90-C11 is not blocked by many known emerging RBD mutations. STE90-C11-derived human IgG1 with FcγR-silenced Fc (COR-101) is undergoing Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertoglio
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Alexander Heine
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leila Abassi
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Klünemann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp Kuhn
- YUMAB GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dorina Schäckermann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Janin Korn
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Allan Koch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Zeeshan Chaudhry
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eschke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yeonsu Kim
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Zock-Emmenthal
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Genetik, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Margitta Scholz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hendrikus S P Garritsen
- Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Celler Str. 38, 38114 Braunschweig, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Casu
- Helios Klinikum Salzgitter, Kattowitzer Str. 191, 38226 Salzgitter, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerstner
- Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Holwedestraße 16, 38118 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Günter Roth
- BioCopy GmbH, Elzstrasse 27, 79312 Emmendingen, Germany
| | - Julia Adler
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- CORAT Therapeutics GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- YUMAB GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; CORAT Therapeutics GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André Frenzel
- YUMAB GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joop Van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), a joint venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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22
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Roth KDR, Wenzel EV, Ruschig M, Steinke S, Langreder N, Heine PA, Schneider KT, Ballmann R, Fühner V, Kuhn P, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Dübel S, Schubert M, Moreira GMSG, Bertoglio F, Russo G, Hust M. Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697876. [PMID: 34307196 PMCID: PMC8294040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against infectious diseases more than hundred years ago by using animal sera to treat tetanus and diphtheria. In these days, most developed therapeutic antibodies target cancer or autoimmune diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was a reminder about the importance of antibodies for therapy against infectious diseases. While monoclonal antibodies could be generated by hybridoma technology since the 70ies of the former century, nowadays antibody phage display, among other display technologies, is robustly established to discover new human monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is an in vitro technology which confers the potential for generating antibodies from universal libraries against any conceivable molecule of sufficient size and omits the limitations of the immune systems. If convalescent patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is possible to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity-matured antibodies. A further advantage is the availability of the DNA sequence encoding the phage displayed antibody fragment, which is packaged in the phage particles. Therefore, the selected antibody fragments can be rapidly further engineered in any needed antibody format according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, we present an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral and eukaryotic pathogens, as well as microbial toxins, intended for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Alexander Heine
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Asarnow D, Wang B, Lee WH, Hu Y, Huang CW, Faust B, Ng PML, Ngoh EZX, Bohn M, Bulkley D, Pizzorno A, Ary B, Tan HC, Lee CY, Minhat RA, Terrier O, Soh MK, Teo FJ, Yeap YYC, Seah SGK, Chan CEZ, Connelly E, Young NJ, Maurer-Stroh S, Renia L, Hanson BJ, Rosa-Calatrava M, Manglik A, Cheng Y, Craik CS, Wang CI. Structural insight into SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and modulation of syncytia. Cell 2021; 184:3192-3204.e16. [PMID: 33974910 PMCID: PMC8064868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is initiated by binding of the viral Spike protein to host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), followed by fusion of viral and host membranes. Although antibodies that block this interaction are in emergency use as early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapies, the precise determinants of neutralization potency remain unknown. We discovered a series of antibodies that potently block ACE2 binding but exhibit divergent neutralization efficacy against the live virus. Strikingly, these neutralizing antibodies can inhibit or enhance Spike-mediated membrane fusion and formation of syncytia, which are associated with chronic tissue damage in individuals with COVID-19. As revealed by cryoelectron microscopy, multiple structures of Spike-antibody complexes have distinct binding modes that not only block ACE2 binding but also alter the Spike protein conformational cycle triggered by ACE2 binding. We show that stabilization of different Spike conformations leads to modulation of Spike-mediated membrane fusion with profound implications for COVID-19 pathology and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuanyu Hu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bryan Faust
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Miang Lon Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Markus Bohn
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Beatrice Ary
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hwee Ching Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Minhat
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mun Kuen Soh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Yee Chin Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shirley Gek Kheng Seah
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Conrad En Zuo Chan
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Emily Connelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Brendon John Hanson
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aashish Manglik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles S Craik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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24
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Sales-Dias J, Ferreira A, Lamy M, Domenici G, Monteiro SMS, Pires A, Lemos AR, Kucheryava K, Nobre LS, Sousa PMF, Bandeiras TM, Silva G, Barbas A. Development of antibodies against the notch ligand Delta-Like-1 by phage display with activity against breast cancer cells. N Biotechnol 2021; 64:17-26. [PMID: 33992842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling is a well-established oncogenic pathway, and its ligand Delta-like 1 (DLL1) is overexpressed in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers and associated with poor patient prognosis. Hence, DLL1 has become an interesting therapeutic target for breast cancer. Here, the development of specific functional blocking anti-DLL1 antibodies with potential activity against ER+ breast cancer cells is reported. Human DLL1 proteins, containing the essential regions for binding to the Notch receptor and Notch signalling activation, were produced and used to select specific scFv antibody fragments by phage display. Fifteen unique scFvs were identified and reformatted into full IgGs. Characterization of these antibodies by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry enabled selection of three specific anti-DLL1 IgGs, sharing identical VH regions, with nM affinities. Cellular assays on ER+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells showed that one of the IgGs (IgG-69) was able to partially impair DLL1-mediated activation of the Notch pathway, as determined by Notch reporter and RT-qPCR assays, and to attenuate cell growth. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with IgG-69 reduced mammosphere formation, suggesting that it decreases the breast cancer stem cell subpopulation. These results support the use of this strategy to develop and identify potential anti-DLL1 antibodies candidates against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sales-Dias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Márcia Lamy
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra M S Monteiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Pires
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana R Lemos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Khrystyna Kucheryava
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia S Nobre
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, (Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier), Nova University Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, (Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology), Oeiras, Portugal; Bayer Portugal, LDA, Rua Quinta Do Pinheiro, Carnaxide, 2790-143, Portugal.
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25
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Lim CC, Chan SK, Lim YY, Ishikawa Y, Choong YS, Nagaoka Y, Lim TS. Development and structural characterisation of human scFv targeting MDM2 spliced variant MDM2 15kDa. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:191-203. [PMID: 33930714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein is a major negative regulator of the tumour suppressor protein p53. Under normal conditions, MDM2 constantly binds to p53 transactivation domain and/or ubiquinates p53 via its role as E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote p53 degradation as well as nuclear export to maintain p53 levels in cells. Meanwhile, amplification of MDM2 and appearance of MDM2 spliced variants occur in many tumours and normal tissues making it a prognostic indicator for human cancers. The mutation or deletion of p53 protein in half of human cancers inactivates its tumour suppressor activity. However, cancers with wild type p53 have its function effectively inhibited through direct interaction with MDM2 oncoprotein. Here, we described the construction of a MDM2 spliced variant (rMDM215kDa) consisting of SWIB/MDM2 domain and its central region for antibody generation. Biopanning with a human naïve scFv library generated four scFv clones specific to rMDM215kDa. Additionally, the selected scFv clones were able to bind to the recombinant full length MDM2 (rMDM2-FL). Computational prediction showed that the selected scFv clones potentially bind to exon 7-8 of MDM2 while leaving the MDM2/SWIB domain free for p53 interaction. The developed antibodies exhibit good specificity can be further investigated for downstream biomedical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ying Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yasuo Nagaoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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26
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Valldorf B, Hinz SC, Russo G, Pekar L, Mohr L, Klemm J, Doerner A, Krah S, Hust M, Zielonka S. Antibody display technologies: selecting the cream of the crop. Biol Chem 2021; 403:455-477. [PMID: 33759431 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody display technologies enable the successful isolation of antigen-specific antibodies with therapeutic potential. The key feature that facilitates the selection of an antibody with prescribed properties is the coupling of the protein variant to its genetic information and is referred to as genotype phenotype coupling. There are several different platform technologies based on prokaryotic organisms as well as strategies employing higher eukaryotes. Among those, phage display is the most established system with more than a dozen of therapeutic antibodies approved for therapy that have been discovered or engineered using this approach. In recent years several other technologies gained a certain level of maturity, most strikingly mammalian display. In this review, we delineate the most important selection systems with respect to antibody generation with an emphasis on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Valldorf
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124Braunschweig, Germany.,Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Mohr
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, D-60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293Darmstadt, Germany
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Ochi T, Maruta M, Tanimoto K, Kondo F, Yamamoto T, Kurata M, Fujiwara H, Masumoto J, Takenaka K, Yasukawa M. A single-chain antibody generation system yielding CAR-T cells with superior antitumor function. Commun Biol 2021; 4:273. [PMID: 33654176 PMCID: PMC7925539 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using T cells redirected with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown a lot of promise. We have established a single-chain antibody (scFv) generation system in which scFv library-expressing CAR-T cells can be screened appropriately based on their antitumor functions. A variable region library containing the variable and J regions of the human immunoglobulin light or heavy chain was fused with the variable region of a heavy or light chain encoded by an existing tumor-specific antibody to generate a new scFv library. Then, scFv library-expressing CAR-T cells were generated and stimulated with target cells to concentrate the antigen-specific population. Using this system, target-specific recognition of CAR-T cells appeared to be finely tuned by selecting a new variable region. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the newly optimized scFv-expressing CAR-T cells had better proliferation capacity and durable phenotypes, enabling superior reactivity against advanced tumors in vivo in comparison with the original CAR-T cells. Therefore, the optimization of an scFv is needed to maximize the in vivo antitumor functions of CAR-T cells. This system may allow us to adjust an immunological synapse formed by an scFv expressed by CAR-T cells and a target antigen, representing an ideal form of CAR-T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Division of Immune Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Masaki Maruta
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Fumitake Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Division of Immune Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Ehime, Japan
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Dübel S, Herrmann A, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Hust M. COR-101, ein menschlicher Antikörper gegen COVID-19. BIOSPEKTRUM : ZEITSCHRIFT DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR BIOLOGISHE CHEMIE (GBCH) UND DER VEREINIGUNG FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE MIKROBIOLOGIE (VAAM) 2021; 27:46-48. [PMID: 33612989 PMCID: PMC7880633 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-021-1512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
COR-101 is a fully human, Fc silenced IgG that was discovered by antibody phage display. It reduced the SARS-CoV-2 virus load in the lung by more than 99 percent in Hamster models and led to much faster recovery. Its mode of action has been elucidated by solving the atomic structure of its interaction with SARS-CoV-2. The antibody competes with ACE2 binding by blocking a large area of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dübel
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | | | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Corat Therapeutics Gmbh, Braunschweig, Deutschland
- Yumab GmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - André Frenzel
- Corat Therapeutics Gmbh, Braunschweig, Deutschland
- Yumab GmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Michael Hust
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
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29
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Ulitzka M, Carrara S, Grzeschik J, Kornmann H, Hock B, Kolmar H. Engineering therapeutic antibodies for patient safety: tackling the immunogenicity problem. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 33:5944198. [PMID: 33128053 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Established monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) allow treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases and other severe illnesses. Side effects either arise due to interaction with the target protein and its biology or result from of the patient's immune system reacting to the foreign protein. This immunogenic reaction against therapeutic antibodies is dependent on various factors. The presence of non-human sequences can trigger immune responses as well as chemical and post-translational modifications of the antibody. However, even fully human antibodies can induce immune response through T cell epitopes or aggregates. In this review, we briefly describe, how therapeutic antibodies can interact with the patient's immune system and summarize recent advancements in protein engineering and in silico methods to reduce immunogenicity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ulitzka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Labs, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Labs, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Darmstadt Labs, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Henri Kornmann
- Ferring International Center S.A., Chemin de la Vergognausaz 50, CH-1162 Saint-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Björn Hock
- Ferring International Center S.A., Chemin de la Vergognausaz 50, CH-1162 Saint-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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30
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Robertson N, Lopez-Anton N, Gurjar SA, Khalique H, Khalaf Z, Clerkin S, Leydon VR, Parker-Manuel R, Raeside A, Payne T, Jones TD, Seymour L, Cawood R. Development of a novel mammalian display system for selection of antibodies against membrane proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18436-18448. [PMID: 33127646 PMCID: PMC7939478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable, specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are important tools in research and medicine. However, the discovery of antibodies against their targets in their native forms is difficult. Here, we present a novel method for discovery of antibodies against membrane proteins in their native configuration in mammalian cells. The method involves the co-expression of an antibody library in a population of mammalian cells that express the target polypeptide within a natural membrane environment on the cell surface. Cells that secrete a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) that binds to the target membrane protein thereby become self-labeled, enabling enrichment and isolation by magnetic sorting and FRET-based flow sorting. Library sizes of up to 109 variants can be screened, thus allowing campaigns of naïve scFv libraries to be selected against membrane protein antigens in a Chinese hamster ovary cell system. We validate this method by screening a synthetic naïve human scFv library against Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the oncogenic target epithelial cell adhesion molecule and identify a panel of three novel binders to this membrane protein, one with a dissociation constant (KD ) as low as 0.8 nm We further demonstrate that the identified antibodies have utility for killing epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells when used as a targeting domain on chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Thus, we provide a new tool for identifying novel antibodies that act against membrane proteins, which could catalyze the discovery of new candidates for antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hena Khalique
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Payne
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Jones
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Len Seymour
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Cawood
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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31
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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32
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Gray A, Bradbury ARM, Knappik A, Plückthun A, Borrebaeck CAK, Dübel S. Animal-free alternatives and the antibody iceberg. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1234-1239. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-enzyme 2, a new target for Listeria spp. detection identified using combined phage display technologies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15267. [PMID: 32943681 PMCID: PMC7498459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria comprises ubiquitous bacteria, commonly present in foods and food production facilities. In this study, three different phage display technologies were employed to discover targets, and to generate and characterize novel antibodies against Listeria: antibody display for biomarker discovery and antibody generation; ORFeome display for target identification; and single-gene display for epitope characterization. With this approach, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2 (PDC-E2) was defined as a new detection target for Listeria, as confirmed by immunomagnetic separation-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy showed that this protein is accessible on the bacterial cell surface of living cells. Recombinant PDC-E2 was produced in E. coli and used to generate 16 additional antibodies. The resulting set of 20 monoclonal scFv-Fc was tested in indirect ELISA against 17 Listeria and 16 non-Listeria species. Two of them provided 100% sensitivity (CI 82.35–100.0%) and specificity (CI 78.20–100.0%), confirming PDC-E2 as a suitable target for the detection of Listeria. The binding region of 18 of these antibodies was analyzed, revealing that ≈ 90% (16/18) bind to the lipoyl domains (LD) of the target. The novel target PDC-E2 and highly specific antibodies against it offer new opportunities to improve the detection of Listeria.
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34
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Hofmann T, Krah S, Sellmann C, Zielonka S, Doerner A. Greatest Hits-Innovative Technologies for High Throughput Identification of Bispecific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6551. [PMID: 32911608 PMCID: PMC7554978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have shown a tremendous increase and diversification in antibody-based therapeutics with advances in production techniques and formats. The plethora of currently investigated bi- to multi-specific antibody architectures can be harnessed to elicit a broad variety of specific modes of actions in oncology and immunology, spanning from enhanced selectivity to effector cell recruitment, all of which cannot be addressed by monospecific antibodies. Despite continuously growing efforts and methodologies, the identification of an optimal bispecific antibody as the best possible combination of two parental monospecific binders, however, remains challenging, due to tedious cloning and production, often resulting in undesired extended development times and increased expenses. Although automated high throughput screening approaches have matured for pharmaceutical small molecule development, it was only recently that protein bioconjugation technologies have been developed for the facile generation of bispecific antibodies in a 'plug and play' manner. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant methodologies for bispecific screening purposes-the DuoBody concept, paired light chain single cell production approaches, Sortase A and Transglutaminase, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, and inteins-and elaborate on the benefits as well as drawbacks of the different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofmann
- Advanced Cell Culture Technologies, Merck Life Sciences KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
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35
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Zhang C, Ötjengerdes RM, Roewe J, Mejias R, Marschall ALJ. Applying Antibodies Inside Cells: Principles and Recent Advances in Neurobiology, Virology and Oncology. BioDrugs 2020; 34:435-462. [PMID: 32301049 PMCID: PMC7391400 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To interfere with cell function, many scientists rely on methods that target DNA or RNA due to the ease with which they can be applied. Proteins are usually the final executors of function but are targeted only indirectly by these methods. Recent advances in targeted degradation of proteins based on proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs), ubiquibodies, deGradFP (degrade Green Fluorescent Protein) and other approaches have demonstrated the potential of interfering directly at the protein level for research and therapy. Proteins can be targeted directly and very specifically by antibodies, but using antibodies inside cells has so far been considered to be challenging. However, it is possible to deliver antibodies or other proteins into the cytosol using standard laboratory equipment. Physical methods such as electroporation have been demonstrated to be efficient and validated thoroughly over time. The expression of intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) inside cells is another way to interfere with intracellular targets at the protein level. Methodological strategies to target the inside of cells with antibodies, including delivered antibodies and expressed antibodies, as well as applications in the research areas of neurobiology, viral infections and oncology, are reviewed here. Antibodies have already been used to interfere with a wide range of intracellular targets. Disease-related targets included proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (α-synuclein), Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-β) or Huntington's disease (mutant huntingtin [mHtt]). The applications of intrabodies in the context of viral infections include targeting proteins associated with HIV (e.g. HIV1-TAT, Rev, Vif, gp41, gp120, gp160) and different oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Epstein-Barr virus, and they have been used to interfere with various targets related to different processes in cancer, including oncogenic pathways, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis or neo-antigens (e.g. p53, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2], signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3], RAS-related RHO-GTPase B (RHOB), cortactin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [VEGFR2], Ras, Bcr-Abl). Interfering at the protein level allows questions to be addressed that may remain unanswered using alternative methods. This review addresses why direct targeting of proteins allows unique insights, what is currently feasible in vitro, and how this relates to potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rina M Ötjengerdes
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian Roewe
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain TumorImmunology (D170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebeca Mejias
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrea L J Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Brunswick, Germany.
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36
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Bewarder M, Held G, Thurner L, Stilgenbauer S, Smola S, Preuss KD, Carbon G, Bette B, Christofyllakis K, Bittenbring JT, Felbel A, Hasse A, Murawski N, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Neumann F. Characterization of an HLA-restricted and human cytomegalovirus-specific antibody repertoire with therapeutic potential. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1535-1548. [PMID: 32300857 PMCID: PMC7347513 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With an infection rate of 60-90%, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is very common among adults but normally causes no symptoms. When T cell-mediated immunity is compromised, HCMV reactivation can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. HCMV antigens are processed and presented as peptides on the cell surface via HLA I complexes to the T cell receptor (TCR) of T cells. The generation of antibodies against HCMV peptides presented on HLA complexes (TCR-like antibodies) has been described, but is without therapeutic applications to date due to the polygenic and polymorphic nature of HLA genes. We set out to obtain antibodies specific for HLA/HCMV-peptides, covering the majority of HLA alleles present in European populations. Using phage display technology, we selected 10 Fabs, able to bind to HCMV-peptides presented in the 6 different HLA class I alleles A*0101, A*0201, A*2402, B*0702, B*0801 and B*3501. We demonstrate specific binding of all selected Fabs to HLA-typed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-transformed B cells) and lymphocytes loaded with HCMV-peptides. After infection with HCMV, 4/10 tetramerized Fabs restricted to the alleles HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*0201 and HLA-B*0702 showed binding to infected primary fibroblasts. When linked to the pseudomonas exotoxin A, these Fab antibodies induce highly specific cytotoxicity in HLA matched cell lines loaded with HCMV peptides. TCR-like antibody repertoires therefore represent a promising new treatment modality for viral infections and may also have applications in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bewarder
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Held
- Internal Medicine I, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabi Carbon
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Bette
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Felbel
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hasse
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Niels Murawski
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Neumann
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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37
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Wang B, Asarnow D, Lee WH, Huang CW, Faust B, Ng PML, Ngoh EZX, Bohn M, Bulkley D, Pizzorno A, Tan HC, Lee CY, Minhat RA, Terrier O, Soh MK, Teo FJ, Yeap YYC, Hu Y, Seah SGK, Maurer-Stroh S, Renia L, Hanson BJ, Rosa-Calatrava M, Manglik A, Cheng Y, Craik CS, Wang CI. Bivalent binding of a fully human IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins reveals mechanisms of potent neutralization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.14.203414. [PMID: 32699850 PMCID: PMC7373131 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.14.203414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro antibody selection against pathogens from naïve combinatorial libraries can yield various classes of antigen-specific binders that are distinct from those evolved from natural infection1-4. Also, rapid neutralizing antibody discovery can be made possible by a strategy that selects for those interfering with pathogen and host interaction5. Here we report the discovery of antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, from a highly diverse naïve human Fab library. Lead antibody 5A6 blocks the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike from binding to the host receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells, and reduces viral replication in reconstituted human nasal and bronchial epithelium models. 5A6 has a high occupancy on the viral surface and exerts its neutralization activity via a bivalent binding mode to the tip of two neighbouring RBDs at the ACE2 interaction interface, one in the "up" and the other in the "down" position, explaining its superior neutralization capacity. Furthermore, 5A6 is insensitive to several spike mutations identified in clinical isolates, including the D614G mutant that has become dominant worldwide. Our results suggest that 5A6 could be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bryan Faust
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Miang Lon Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Markus Bohn
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hwee Ching Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Minhat
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olivier Terrier
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mun Kuen Soh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Yee Chin Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuanyu Hu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shirley Gek Kheng Seah
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendon John Hanson
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aashish Manglik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles S. Craik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #03-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Adhikari N, Acharya KP. Effectiveness of Bacteriophage Therapy in Field Conditions and Possible Future Applications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:364-373. [PMID: 31845630 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191217111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages are viruses, which are obligate parasites of specific bacteria for the completion of their lifecycle. Bacteriophages could be the possible alternative to antibioticresistant bacterial diseases. With this objective, extensive research in different fields is published which are discussed in this article. METHODS After a review of bacteriophage therapy, bacteriophages were found to be effective against the multidrug-resistant bacteria individually or synergistically with antibiotics. They were found to be more effective, even better than the bacteria in the development of a vaccine. RESULTS Apart from the bacteriophages, their cell contents like Lysin enzymes were found equally very much effective. Only the major challenge faced in phage therapy was the identification and characterization of bacteria-specific phages due to the wide genetic diversity of bacterial populations. Similarly, the threshold level of bacteriophages to act effectively was altered by ultraviolet radiation and heat exposure. CONCLUSION Thus, bacteriophage therapy offers promising alternatives in the treatment of antibioticresistant bacteria in different fields. However, their effectiveness is determined by a triad of bacteriophages (type & quantity), host (bacteria) and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niran Adhikari
- Animal Health Training and Consultancy Services (AHTCS), Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Krishna P Acharya
- Animal Quarantine Office (AQO), Budhanilakantha, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Ministry of Land Management, Agriculture and Co-operatives (MoLMAC), Gandaki State, Pokhara, Nepal
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Dübel S, Hust M, Frenzel A, Schirrmann T. [Not Available]. BIOSPEKTRUM : ZEITSCHRIFT DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR BIOLOGISHE CHEMIE (GBCH) UND DER VEREINIGUNG FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE MIKROBIOLOGIE (VAAM) 2020; 26:444-446. [PMID: 32834543 PMCID: PMC7318721 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-020-1404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - André Frenzel
- YUMAB GMBH, Braunschweig & CORAT (CORONA ANTIBODY TEAM), Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- YUMAB GMBH, Braunschweig & CORAT (CORONA ANTIBODY TEAM), Braunschweig, Deutschland
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40
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Wenzel EV, Russo G, Dübel S. Multiklonale Antikörper als Ersatz für Zweitantikörper aus Seren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:416-417. [PMID: 32834539 PMCID: PMC7318723 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-020-1401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Today, recombinant antibodies can replace animal-derived primary antibodies in almost all applications. Due to their monoclonal origin and always known sequence, they offer optimal reproducibility. In contrast, almost all secondary antibodies are still made from animal sera. Multiclonal antibodies made by animal-free recombinant methods here offer a higher quality replacement for serum-derived secondary antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Giulio Russo
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Deutschland.,Abcalis GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Deutschland
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41
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Wojewodzic MW. Bacteriophages Could Be a Potential Game Changer in the Trajectory of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:60-65. [PMID: 36147892 PMCID: PMC9041474 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has caused the death of at least 270,000 people as of the 8th of May 2020. This work stresses the potential role of bacteriophages to decrease the mortality rate of patients infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The indirect cause of mortality in Covid-19 is miscommunication between the innate and adaptive immune systems, resulting in a failure to produce effective antibodies against the virus on time. Although further research is urgently needed, secondary bacterial infections in the respiratory system could potentially contribute to the high mortality rate observed among the elderly due to Covid-19. If bacterial growth, together with delayed production of antibodies, is a significant contributing factor to Covid-19's mortality rate, then the additional time needed for the human body's adaptive immune system to produce specific antibodies could be gained by reducing the bacterial growth rate in the respiratory system of a patient. Independently of that, the administration of synthetic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viruses could potentially decrease the viral load. The decrease of bacterial growth and the covalent binding of synthetic antibodies to viruses should further diminish the production of inflammatory fluids in the lungs of patients (the indirect cause of death). Although the first goal could potentially be achieved by antibiotics, I argue that other methods may be more effective or could be used together with antibiotics to decrease the growth rate of bacteria, and that respective clinical trials should be launched. Both goals can be achieved by bacteriophages. The bacterial growth rate could potentially be reduced by the aerosol application of natural bacteriophages that prey on the main species of bacteria known to cause respiratory failure and should be harmless to a patient. Independently of that, synthetically changed bacteriophages could be used to quickly manufacture specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. This can be done via a Nobel Prize awarded technique called “phage display.” If it works, the patient is given extra time to produce their own specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and stop the damage caused by an excessive immunological reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Cancer Registry of Norway (Kreftregisteret), Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Etiology Group, NO-0304, Oslo, Norway
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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42
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Generating therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to complex multi-spanning membrane targets: Overcoming the antigen challenge and enabling discovery strategies. Methods 2020; 180:111-126. [PMID: 32422249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex integral membrane proteins, which are embedded in the cell surface lipid bilayer by multiple transmembrane spanning helices, encompass families of proteins which are important target classes for drug discovery. These protein families include G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and transporters. Although these proteins have typically been targeted by small molecule drugs and peptides, the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies offers a significant opportunity to selectively modulate these target proteins. However, it remains the case that isolation of antibodies with desired pharmacological function(s) has proven difficult due to technical challenges in preparing membrane protein antigens suitable to support antibody drug discovery. In this review recent progress in defining strategies for generation of membrane protein antigens is outlined. We also highlight antibody isolation strategies which have generated antibodies which bind the membrane protein and modulate the protein function.
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43
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Abstract
Phage display antibody libraries have proven an invaluable resource for the isolation of diagnostic and potentially therapeutic antibodies, the latter usually being antibody fragments converted into IgG formats. Recent advances in the production of highly diverse and functional antibody libraries are considered here, including for Fabs, scFvs and nanobodies. These advances include codon optimisation during generation of CDR diversity, improved display levels using novel signal sequences, molecular chaperones and isomerases and the use of highly stable scaffolds with relatively high expression levels. In addition, novel strategies for the batch reformatting of scFv and Fab phagemid libraries, derived from phage panning, into IgG formats are described. These strategies allow the screening of antibodies in the end-use format, facilitating more efficient selection of potential therapeutics.
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44
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Sellmann C, Pekar L, Bauer C, Ciesielski E, Krah S, Becker S, Toleikis L, Kügler J, Frenzel A, Valldorf B, Hust M, Zielonka S. A One-Step Process for the Construction of Phage Display scFv and VHH Libraries. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:228-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Wenzel EV, Bosnak M, Tierney R, Schubert M, Brown J, Dübel S, Efstratiou A, Sesardic D, Stickings P, Hust M. Human antibodies neutralizing diphtheria toxin in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:571. [PMID: 31953428 PMCID: PMC6969050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacterium primarily infects the throat and upper airways and the produced diphtheria toxin (DT), which binds to the elongation factor 2 and blocks protein synthesis, can spread through the bloodstream and affect organs, such as the heart and kidneys. For more than 125 years, the therapy against diphtheria has been based on polyclonal horse sera directed against DT (diphtheria antitoxin; DAT). Animal sera have many disadvantages including serum sickness, batch-to-batch variation in quality and the use of animals for production. In this work, 400 human recombinant antibodies were generated against DT from two different phage display panning strategies using a human immune library. A panning in microtiter plates resulted in 22 unique in vitro neutralizing antibodies and a panning in solution combined with a functional neutralization screening resulted in 268 in vitro neutralizing antibodies. 61 unique antibodies were further characterized as scFv-Fc with 35 produced as fully human IgG1. The best in vitro neutralizing antibody showed an estimated relative potency of 454 IU/mg and minimal effective dose 50% (MED50%) of 3.0 pM at a constant amount of DT (4x minimal cytopathic dose) in the IgG format. The targeted domains of the 35 antibodies were analyzed by immunoblot and by epitope mapping using phage display. All three DT domains (enzymatic domain, translocation domain and receptor binding domain) are targets for neutralizing antibodies. When toxin neutralization assays were performed at higher toxin dose levels, the neutralizing capacity of individual antibodies was markedly reduced but this was largely compensated for by using two or more antibodies in combination, resulting in a potency of 79.4 IU/mg in the in vivo intradermal challenge assay. These recombinant antibody combinations are candidates for further clinical and regulatory development to replace equine DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Margarita Bosnak
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Tierney
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Maren Schubert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Brown
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Diphtheria and Streptococcal Infections, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Sesardic
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Stickings
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Division of Bacteriology, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are among the most significant biological tools used in medicine and biology that have revolutionized the field of diagnostics, therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems for many diseases. Among them, rabbit monoclonal antibodies have attracted significant attention for having high affinity and specificity. During the past few decades, different techniques have been developed to produce monoclonal antibodies. Single B cell cloning technology offers many advantages compared to other methods and has been used to generate monoclonal antibodies from different species including rabbits. This review briefly describes some of these methods, with main focus on single B cell cloning and production of rabbit monoclonal antibodies.
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47
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Tambuyzer E, Vandendriessche B, Austin CP, Brooks PJ, Larsson K, Miller Needleman KI, Valentine J, Davies K, Groft SC, Preti R, Oprea TI, Prunotto M. Therapies for rare diseases: therapeutic modalities, progress and challenges ahead. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:93-111. [PMID: 31836861 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most rare diseases still lack approved treatments despite major advances in research providing the tools to understand their molecular basis, as well as legislation providing regulatory and economic incentives to catalyse the development of specific therapies. Addressing this translational gap is a multifaceted challenge, for which a key aspect is the selection of the optimal therapeutic modality for translating advances in rare disease knowledge into potential medicines, known as orphan drugs. With this in mind, we discuss here the technological basis and rare disease applicability of the main therapeutic modalities, including small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, protein replacement therapies, oligonucleotides and gene and cell therapies, as well as drug repurposing. For each modality, we consider its strengths and limitations as a platform for rare disease therapy development and describe clinical progress so far in developing drugs based on it. We also discuss selected overarching topics in the development of therapies for rare diseases, such as approval statistics, engagement of patients in the process, regulatory pathways and digital tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Tambuyzer
- BioPontis Alliance for Rare Diseases Foundation fup/son, Brussels, Belgium. .,BioPontis Alliance Rare Disease Foundation, Inc, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Benjamin Vandendriessche
- Byteflies, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering (ECSE), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip J Brooks
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Larsson
- Orphan Medicines Office, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kay Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Preti
- Hitachi Chemical Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Marco Prunotto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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48
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Almagro JC, Pedraza-Escalona M, Arrieta HI, Pérez-Tapia SM. Phage Display Libraries for Antibody Therapeutic Discovery and Development. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8030044. [PMID: 31544850 PMCID: PMC6784186 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology has played a key role in the remarkable progress of discovering and optimizing antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. This technology was initially developed by George Smith in the mid-1980s and applied by John McCafferty and Gregory Winter to antibody engineering at the beginning of 1990s. Here, we compare nine phage display antibody libraries published in the last decade, which represent the state of the art in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies using phage display. We first discuss the quality of the libraries and the diverse types of antibody repertoires used as substrates to build the libraries, i.e., naïve, synthetic, and semisynthetic. Second, we review the performance of the libraries in terms of the number of positive clones per panning, hit rate, affinity, and developability of the selected antibodies. Finally, we highlight current opportunities and challenges pertaining to phage display platforms and related display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Almagro
- GlobalBio, Inc., 320, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- UDIBI, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico.
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- CONACyT-UDIBI, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Hugo Iván Arrieta
- CONACyT-UDIBI, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- CONACyT-UDIBI, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
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49
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Kumar R, Parray HA, Shrivastava T, Sinha S, Luthra K. Phage display antibody libraries: A robust approach for generation of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:907-918. [PMID: 31170490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives have achieved remarkable success as medicine, targeting both diagnostic and therapeutic applications associated with communicable and non-communicable diseases. In the last 3 to 4 decades, tremendous success has been manifested in the field of cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. MAbs are the fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals, with more than 25 derivatives are in clinical use and 7 of these have been isolated through phage display technology. Phage display technology has gained impetus in the field of medical and health sciences, as a large repertoire of diverse recombinant antibodies, targeting various antigens have been generated in a short span of time. A prominent number of phage display derived antibodies are already approved for therapy and significant numbers are currently in clinical trials. In this review we have discussed the various strategies employed for generation of monoclonal antibodies; their advantages, limitations and potential therapeutic applications. We also discuss the potential of phage display antibody libraries in isolation of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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50
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Li D, Hu S, Fan Q, Bao W, Zhou W, Xu T, Ye T, Liu H, Song L. Phage display screening of TIGIT-specific antibody for antitumor immunotherapy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1683-1696. [PMID: 31094670 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1617107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fully synthetic humanized phage antibody library has the advantages including the minimized immunogenicity, which frequently happened in hybridoma cell-based antibody production. In this paper, using the constructed diverse complementarity determining region gene library and the germline gene as the backbone, we constructed eight single-chain antibody libraries and a combinatorial antibody library with a big capacity of 1.41 × 1010. M13EEA helper phage that was engineered from M13KO7 was applied to prepare phage antibody library. The eukaryotic expression of T-cell immune receptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) antigen was used as a target antigen for screening. The screening of antigen-specific single-chain Fc-fused protein was performed through evaluation of binding affinity based on ELISA analysis. The IgG antibody was prepared with the screened single-chain protein. Finally, the CB3 antibody was screened out which exhibits the highest binding affinity with TIGIT with the Kd value of 8.155 × 10-10 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Li
- a School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , China.,b Department of Medical Technology, West Anhui Health Vocational College , Luan , China
| | - Siyi Hu
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Qinglin Fan
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Wenying Bao
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Ting Xu
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Taohong Ye
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Hao Liu
- c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
| | - Lihua Song
- a School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , China.,c Research Center for Gene Drugs, Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Hefei , China
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