1
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Saha S, Khanppnavar B, Maharana J, Kim H, Carino CMC, Daly C, Houston S, Sharma S, Zaidi N, Dalal A, Mishra S, Ganguly M, Tiwari D, Kumari P, Jhingan GD, Yadav PN, Plouffe B, Inoue A, Chung KY, Banerjee R, Korkhov VM, Shukla AK. Molecular mechanism of distinct chemokine engagement and functional divergence of the human Duffy antigen receptor. Cell 2024; 187:4751-4769.e25. [PMID: 39089252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor is a seven-transmembrane (7TM) protein expressed primarily at the surface of red blood cells and displays strikingly promiscuous binding to multiple inflammatory and homeostatic chemokines. It serves as the basis of the Duffy blood group system in humans and also acts as the primary attachment site for malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax and pore-forming toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we comprehensively profile transducer coupling of this receptor, discover potential non-canonical signaling pathways, and determine the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure in complex with the chemokine CCL7. The structure reveals a distinct binding mode of chemokines, as reflected by relatively superficial binding and a partially formed orthosteric binding pocket. We also observe a dramatic shortening of TM5 and 6 on the intracellular side, which precludes the formation of the docking site for canonical signal transducers, thereby providing a possible explanation for the distinct pharmacological and functional phenotype of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Basavraj Khanppnavar
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jagannath Maharana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Heeryung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Marion C Carino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Carole Daly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Shane Houston
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nashrah Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Annu Dalal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sudha Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manisankar Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Divyanshu Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramanuj Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Volodymyr M Korkhov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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2
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Schott M, León-Periñán D, Splendiani E, Strenger L, Licha JR, Pentimalli TM, Schallenberg S, Alles J, Samut Tagliaferro S, Boltengagen A, Ehrig S, Abbiati S, Dommerich S, Pagani M, Ferretti E, Macino G, Karaiskos N, Rajewsky N. Open-ST: High-resolution spatial transcriptomics in 3D. Cell 2024; 187:3953-3972.e26. [PMID: 38917789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) methods unlock molecular mechanisms underlying tissue development, homeostasis, or disease. However, there is a need for easy-to-use, high-resolution, cost-efficient, and 3D-scalable methods. Here, we report Open-ST, a sequencing-based, open-source experimental and computational resource to address these challenges and to study the molecular organization of tissues in 2D and 3D. In mouse brain, Open-ST captured transcripts at subcellular resolution and reconstructed cell types. In primary head-and-neck tumors and patient-matched healthy/metastatic lymph nodes, Open-ST captured the diversity of immune, stromal, and tumor populations in space, validated by imaging-based ST. Distinct cell states were organized around cell-cell communication hotspots in the tumor but not the metastasis. Strikingly, the 3D reconstruction and multimodal analysis of the metastatic lymph node revealed spatially contiguous structures not visible in 2D and potential biomarkers precisely at the 3D tumor/lymph node boundary. All protocols and software are available at https://rajewsky-lab.github.io/openst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schott
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel León-Periñán
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Splendiani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Leon Strenger
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Robin Licha
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tancredi Massimo Pentimalli
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Alles
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Samut Tagliaferro
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Abbiati
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany; IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Steffen Dommerich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Macino
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Lee ES, Nguyen N, Young BE, Wee H, Wazny V, Lee KL, Tay KY, Goh LL, Chioh FW, Law MC, Lee IR, Ang LT, Loh KM, Chan MY, Fan BE, Dalan R, Lye DC, Renia L, Cheung C. Inflammatory risk contributes to post-COVID endothelial dysfunction through anti-ACKR1 autoantibody. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402598. [PMID: 38740432 PMCID: PMC11091471 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Subclinical vascular impairment can be exacerbated in individuals who experience sustained inflammation after COVID-19 infection. Our study explores the prevalence and impact of autoantibodies on vascular dysfunction in healthy COVID-19 survivors, an area that remains inadequately investigated. Focusing on autoantibodies against the atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1), COVID-19 survivors demonstrated significantly elevated anti-ACKR1 autoantibodies, correlating with systemic cytokines, circulating damaged endothelial cells, and endothelial dysfunction. An independent cohort linked these autoantibodies to increased vascular disease outcomes during a median 6.7-yr follow-up. We analyzed a single-cell transcriptome atlas of endothelial cells from diverse mouse tissues, identifying enriched Ackr1 expressions in venous regions of the brain and soleus muscle vasculatures, which holds intriguing implications for tissue-specific venous thromboembolism manifestations reported in COVID-19. Functionally, purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) extracted from patient plasma did not trigger cell apoptosis or increase barrier permeability in human vein endothelial cells. Instead, plasma IgG enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by patient PBMCs, a phenomenon alleviated by blocking peptide or liposome ACKR1 recombinant protein. The blocking peptide uncovered that purified IgG from COVID-19 survivors possessed potential epitopes in the N-terminal extracellular domain of ACKR1, which effectively averted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Our findings offer insights into therapeutic development to mitigate autoantibody reactivity in blood vessels in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Soo Lee
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nhi Nguyen
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah Wee
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Wazny
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khang Leng Lee
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Yi Tay
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liuh Ling Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florence Wj Chioh
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Cy Law
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I Russel Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingwen E Fan
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- https://ror.org/02e7b5302 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Di Donato R, Bonecchi R, Albano F. Canonical and atypical chemokine receptors in the neutrophil life cycle. Cytokine 2023; 169:156297. [PMID: 37453326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are mainly studied for their local function in the control of leukocyte extravasation in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. However, they have additional roles at the systemic level including the regulation of the hematopoietic process and leukocyte differentiation. Due to the redundancy and pleiotropicity of the chemokine system, chemokines have often multiple and complex roles in neutrophil differentiation ranging from retention and control of proliferation of progenitors to the mobilization of mature cells from the bone marrow (BM) to the bloodstream and their further differentiation in tissues. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are regulators of the chemokine system by controlling chemokine bioavailability and chemokine receptor function. Even though ACKRs bind a wide range of chemokines, they appear to have a selective role in the process of neutrophil production and differentiation. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current evidence regarding the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the life of neutrophils with a focus on the regulation exerted by ACKRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Di Donato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Albano
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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5
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Crawford KS, Volkman BF. Prospects for targeting ACKR1 in cancer and other diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111960. [PMID: 37006247 PMCID: PMC10050359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine network is comprised of a family of signal proteins that encode messages for cells displaying chemokine G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The diversity of effects on cellular functions, particularly directed migration of different cell types to sites of inflammation, is enabled by different combinations of chemokines activating signal transduction cascades on cells displaying a combination of receptors. These signals can contribute to autoimmune disease or be hijacked in cancer to stimulate cancer progression and metastatic migration. Thus far, three chemokine receptor-targeting drugs have been approved for clinical use: Maraviroc for HIV, Plerixafor for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and Mogalizumab for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Numerous compounds have been developed to inhibit specific chemokine GPCRs, but the complexity of the chemokine network has precluded more widespread clinical implementation, particularly as anti-neoplastic and anti-metastatic agents. Drugs that block a single signaling axis may be rendered ineffective or cause adverse reactions because each chemokine and receptor often have multiple context-specific functions. The chemokine network is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including by atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) that control chemokine gradients independently of G-proteins. ACKRs have numerous functions linked to chemokine immobilization, movement through and within cells, and recruitment of alternate effectors like β-arrestins. Atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1), previously known as the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), is a key regulator that binds chemokines involved in inflammatory responses and cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Understanding more about ACKR1 in different diseases and populations may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting the chemokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler S. Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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6
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Guo X, Khosraviani N, Raju S, Singh J, Farahani NZ, Abramian M, Torres VJ, Howe KL, Fish JE, Kapus A, Lee WL. Endothelial ACKR1 is induced by neutrophil contact and down-regulated by secretion in extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181016. [PMID: 37153544 PMCID: PMC10160463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor-1 (ACKR1), previously known as the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, is a widely conserved cell surface protein that is expressed on erythrocytes and the endothelium of post-capillary venules. In addition to being the receptor for the parasite causing malaria, ACKR1 has been postulated to regulate innate immunity by displaying and trafficking chemokines. Intriguingly, a common mutation in its promoter leads to loss of the erythrocyte protein but leaves endothelial expression unaffected. Study of endothelial ACKR1 has been limited by the rapid down-regulation of both transcript and protein when endothelial cells are extracted and cultured from tissue. Thus, to date the study of endothelial ACKR1 has been limited to heterologous over-expression models or the use of transgenic mice. Here we report that exposure to whole blood induces ACKR1 mRNA and protein expression in cultured primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells. We found that contact with neutrophils is required for this effect. We show that NF-κB regulates ACKR1 expression and that upon removal of blood, the protein is rapidly secreted by extracellular vesicles. Finally, we confirm that endogenous ACKR1 does not signal upon stimulation with IL-8 or CXCL1. Our observations define a simple method for inducing endogenous endothelial ACKR1 protein that will facilitate further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Guo
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshya Singh
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Madlene Abramian
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Warren L. Lee
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Warren L. Lee, ;
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7
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Molema G, Zijlstra JG, van Meurs M, Kamps JAAM. Renal microvascular endothelial cell responses in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:95-112. [PMID: 34667283 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells in the kidney have been a neglected cell type in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (sepsis-AKI) research; yet, they offer tremendous potential as pharmacological targets. As endothelial cells in distinct cortical microvascular segments are highly heterogeneous, this Review focuses on endothelial cells in their anatomical niche. In animal models of sepsis-AKI, reduced glomerular blood flow has been attributed to inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in arterioles and glomeruli, whereas decreased cortex peritubular capillary perfusion is associated with epithelial redox stress. Elevated systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, reduced levels of circulating sphingosine 1-phosphate and loss of components of the glycocalyx from glomerular endothelial cells lead to increased microvascular permeability. Although coagulation disbalance occurs in all microvascular segments, the molecules involved differ between segments. Induction of the expression of adhesion molecules and leukocyte recruitment also occurs in a heterogeneous manner. Evidence of similar endothelial cell responses has been found in kidney and blood samples from patients with sepsis. Comprehensive studies are needed to investigate the relationships between segment-specific changes in the microvasculature and kidney function loss in sepsis-AKI. The application of omics technologies to kidney tissues from animals and patients will be key in identifying these relationships and in developing novel therapeutics for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grietje Molema
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jan G Zijlstra
- Dept. Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Dept. Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Gutjahr JC, Crawford KS, Jensen DR, Naik P, Peterson FC, Samson GPB, Legler DF, Duchene J, Veldkamp CT, Rot A, Volkman BF. The dimeric form of CXCL12 binds to atypical chemokine receptor 1. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/696/eabc9012. [PMID: 34404752 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic chemokine CXCL12 is involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, leukocyte migration, and tumor metastasis. It is known to engage the classical receptor CXCR4 and the atypical receptor ACKR3. Differential receptor engagement can transduce distinct cellular signals and effects as well as alter the amount of free, extracellular chemokine. CXCR4 binds both monomeric and the more commonly found dimeric forms of CXCL12, whereas ACKR3 binds monomeric forms. Here, we found that CXCL12 also bound to the atypical receptor ACKR1 (previously known as Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines or DARC). In vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that dimeric CXCL12 bound to the extracellular N terminus of ACKR1 with low nanomolar affinity, whereas the binding affinity of monomeric CXCL12 was orders of magnitude lower. In transfected MDCK cells and primary human Duffy-positive erythrocytes, a dimeric, but not a monomeric, construct of CXCL12 efficiently bound to and internalized with ACKR1. This interaction between CXCL12 and ACKR1 provides another layer of regulation of the multiple biological functions of CXCL12. The findings also raise the possibility that ACKR1 can bind other dimeric chemokines, thus potentially further expanding the role of ACKR1 in chemokine retention and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gutjahr
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kyler S Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Prachi Naik
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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9
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Vasquez MT, Lubkin A, Reyes-Robles T, Day CJ, Lacey KA, Jennings MP, Torres VJ. Identification of a domain critical for Staphylococcus aureus LukED receptor targeting and lysis of erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17241-17250. [PMID: 33051210 PMCID: PMC7863875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocidin ED (LukED) is a pore-forming toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, which lyses host cells and promotes virulence of the bacteria. LukED enables S. aureus to acquire iron by lysing erythrocytes, which depends on targeting the host receptor Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). The toxin also targets DARC on the endothelium, contributing to the lethality observed during bloodstream infection in mice. LukED is comprised of two monomers: LukE and LukD. LukE binds to DARC and facilitates hemolysis, but the closely related Panton-Valentine leukocidin S (LukS-PV) does not bind to DARC and is not hemolytic. The interaction of LukE with DARC and the role this plays in hemolysis are incompletely characterized. To determine the domain(s) of LukE that are critical for DARC binding, we studied the hemolytic function of LukE-LukS-PV chimeras, in which areas of sequence divergence (divergence regions, or DRs) were swapped between the toxins. We found that two regions of LukE's rim domain contribute to hemolysis, namely residues 57-75 (DR1) and residues 182-196 (DR4). Interestingly, LukE DR1 is sufficient to render LukS-PV capable of DARC binding and hemolysis. Further, LukE, by binding DARC through DR1, promotes the recruitment of LukD to erythrocytes, likely by facilitating LukED oligomer formation. Finally, we show that LukE targets murine Darc through DR1 in vivo to cause host lethality. These findings expand our biochemical understanding of the LukE-DARC interaction and the role that this toxin-receptor pair plays in S. aureus pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn T Vasquez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keenan A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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10
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Lubkin A, Lee WL, Alonzo F, Wang C, Aligo J, Keller M, Girgis NM, Reyes-Robles T, Chan R, O'Malley A, Buckley P, Vozhilla N, Vasquez MT, Su J, Sugiyama M, Yeung ST, Coffre M, Bajwa S, Chen E, Martin P, Kim SY, Loomis C, Worthen GS, Shopsin B, Khanna KM, Weinstock D, Lynch AS, Koralov SB, Loke P, Cadwell K, Torres VJ. Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidins Target Endothelial DARC to Cause Lethality in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:463-470.e9. [PMID: 30799265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus is thought to depend on the production of pore-forming leukocidins that kill leukocytes and lyse erythrocytes. Two leukocidins, Leukocidin ED (LukED) and γ-Hemolysin AB (HlgAB), are necessary and sufficient to kill mice upon infection and toxin challenge. We demonstrate that LukED and HlgAB cause vascular congestion and derangements in vascular fluid distribution that rapidly cause death in mice. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) on endothelial cells, rather than leukocytes or erythrocytes, is the critical target for lethality. Consistent with this, LukED and HlgAB injure primary human endothelial cells in a DARC-dependent manner, and mice with DARC-deficient endothelial cells are resistant to toxin-mediated lethality. During bloodstream infection in mice, DARC targeting by S. aureus causes increased tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and host death. The potential for S. aureus leukocidins to manipulate vascular integrity highlights the importance of these virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Changsen Wang
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jason Aligo
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Matthew Keller
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rita Chan
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aidan O'Malley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter Buckley
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Nikollaq Vozhilla
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marilyn T Vasquez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Johnny Su
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Michael Sugiyama
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maryaline Coffre
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofia Bajwa
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patricia Martin
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sang Y Kim
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Office of Collaborative Sciences, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Office of Collaborative Sciences, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Weinstock
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Anthony Simon Lynch
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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11
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Yin Q, Srivastava K, Gebremedhin A, Makuria AT, Flegel WA. Long-range haplotype analysis of the malaria parasite receptor gene ACKR1 in an East-African population. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 30245840 PMCID: PMC6138691 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-018-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ACKR1 gene encodes a glycoprotein expressing the Duffy blood group antigens (Fy). The Duffy protein acts as a receptor for distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines and malaria parasites. We determined the haplotypes of the ACKR1 gene in a population inhabiting a malaria-endemic area. We collected blood samples from 60 healthy volunteers in Ethiopia’s southwestern low-altitude tropical region. An assay was devised to amplify the ACKR1 gene as a single amplicon and determine its genomic sequence. All haplotypes were resolved at 5178 nucleotides each, covering the coding sequence (CDS) of the ACKR1 gene and including the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR), intron 1, and the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions. When necessary, allele-specific PCR with nucleotide sequencing or length polymorphism analysis was applied. Among the 120 chromosomes analyzed, 18 ACKR1 alleles were confirmed without ambiguity. We found 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); only one SNP was novel. The non-coding sequences harbored 14 SNPs. No SNP, other than c.-67T>C, indicative of a non-functional allele, was detected. We described haplotypes of the ACKR1 gene in an autochthonous East-African population and found 18 distinct ACKR1 alleles. These long-range alleles are useful as templates to phase and analyze next-generation sequencing data, thus enhancing the reliability of clinical diagnostics. Researchers have surveyed genetic diversity related to malaria resistance in a region of Ethiopia where malaria is endemic. Duffy antigens, a component of blood type, are encoded by the ACKR1 gene, and individuals with the Duffy-negative blood type are resistant to malaria. Although the genes encoding resistant types have been identified, they have not been fully surveyed in malaria-endemic regions, where novel types are most likely to be found. Willy Flegel at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA, and co-workers sequenced ACKR1 in 60 people from Gambela, Ethiopia, where malaria is endemic. They detected 18 variants, including one never before documented. Almost all (16 of 18) of the variants encoded the Duffy-negative blood type. The authors plan to compare the genetic diversity in this region with a nearby region where malaria is not endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Addisalem Taye Makuria
- 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA.,3U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Willy Albert Flegel
- 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- R P M Negus
- Biological Therapies Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, England
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13
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Thiriot A, Perdomo C, Cheng G, Novitzky-Basso I, McArdle S, Kishimoto JK, Barreiro O, Mazo I, Triboulet R, Ley K, Rot A, von Andrian UH. Differential DARC/ACKR1 expression distinguishes venular from non-venular endothelial cells in murine tissues. BMC Biol 2017; 15:45. [PMID: 28526034 PMCID: PMC5438556 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular leukocyte recruitment in most vertebrate tissues is restricted to postcapillary and collecting venules, whereas capillaries and arterioles usually support little or no leukocyte adhesion. This segmental restriction is thought to be mediated by endothelial, rather than hemodynamic, differences. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, in part because effective tools to distinguish, isolate, and analyze venular endothelial cells (V-ECs) and non-venular endothelial cells (NV-ECs) have been unavailable. We hypothesized that the atypical chemokine receptor DARC (Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines, a.k.a. ACKR1 or CD234) may distinguish V-ECs versus NV-ECs in mice. METHODS We generated a rat-anti-mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) that specifically recognizes the erythroid and endothelial forms of native, surface-expressed DARC. Using this reagent, we characterized DARC expression and distribution in the microvasculature of murine tissues. RESULTS DARC was exquisitely restricted to post-capillary and small collecting venules and completely absent from arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and most lymphatics in every tissue analyzed. Accordingly, intravital microscopy showed that adhesive leukocyte-endothelial interactions were restricted to DARC+ venules. DARC was detectable over the entire circumference of V-ECs, but was more concentrated at cell-cell junctions. Analysis of single-cell suspensions suggested that the frequency of V-ECs among the total microvascular EC pool varies considerably between different tissues. CONCLUSIONS Immunostaining of endothelial DARC allows the identification and isolation of intact V-ECs from multiple murine tissues. This strategy may be useful to dissect the mechanisms underlying segmental microvascular specialization in healthy and diseased tissues and to characterize the role of EC subsets in tissue-homeostasis, immune surveillance, infection, inflammation, and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Thiriot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carolina Perdomo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guiying Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Igor Novitzky-Basso
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
- Present address: Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara McArdle
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jamie K Kishimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Irina Mazo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antal Rot
- Center for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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14
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Metzemaekers M, Van Damme J, Mortier A, Proost P. Regulation of Chemokine Activity - A Focus on the Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV/CD26. Front Immunol 2016; 7:483. [PMID: 27891127 PMCID: PMC5104965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small, chemotactic proteins that play a crucial role in leukocyte migration and are, therefore, essential for proper functioning of the immune system. Chemokines exert their chemotactic effect by activation of chemokine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Furthermore, the exact chemokine function is modulated at the level of posttranslational modifications. Among the different types of posttranslational modifications that were found to occur in vitro and in vivo, i.e., proteolysis, citrullination, glycosylation, and nitration, NH2-terminal proteolysis of chemokines has been described most intensively. Since the NH2-terminal chemokine domain mediates receptor interaction, NH2-terminal modification by limited proteolysis or amino acid side chain modification can drastically affect their biological activity. An enzyme that has been shown to provoke NH2-terminal proteolysis of various chemokines is dipeptidyl peptidase IV or CD26. This multifunctional protein is a serine protease that preferably cleaves dipeptides from the NH2-terminal region of peptides and proteins with a proline or alanine residue in the penultimate position. Various chemokines possess such a proline or alanine residue, and CD26-truncated forms of these chemokines have been identified in cell culture supernatant as well as in body fluids. The effects of CD26-mediated proteolysis in the context of chemokines turned out to be highly complex. Depending on the chemokine ligand, loss of these two NH2-terminal amino acids can result in either an increased or a decreased biological activity, enhanced receptor specificity, inactivation of the chemokine ligand, or generation of receptor antagonists. Since chemokines direct leukocyte migration in homeostatic as well as pathophysiologic conditions, CD26-mediated proteolytic processing of these chemotactic proteins may have significant consequences for appropriate functioning of the immune system. After introducing the chemokine family together with the GPCRs and GAGs, as main interaction partners of chemokines, and discussing the different forms of posttranslational modifications, this review will focus on the intriguing relationship of chemokines with the serine protease CD26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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15
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Ntumngia FB, Thomson-Luque R, Pires CV, Adams JH. The role of the human Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in malaria susceptibility: current opinions and future treatment prospects. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR, LIGAND AND CHANNEL RESEARCH 2016; 9:1-11. [PMID: 28943755 PMCID: PMC5608092 DOI: 10.2147/jrlcr.s99725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) is a nonspecific receptor for several proinflammatory cytokines. It is homologous to the G-protein chemokine receptor superfamily, which is suggested to function as a scavenger in many inflammatory-and proinflammatory-related diseases. G-protein chemokine receptors are also known to play a critical role in infectious diseases; they are commonly used as entry vehicles by infectious agents. A typical example is the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 used by HIV for infecting target cells. In malaria, DARC is considered an essential receptor that mediates the entry of the human and zoonotic malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi into human reticulocytes and erythrocytes, respectively. This process is mediated through interaction with the parasite ligand known as the Duffy binding protein (DBP). Most therapeutic strategies have been focused on blocking the interaction between DBP and DARC by targeting the parasite ligand, while strategies targeting the receptor, DARC, have not been intensively investigated. The rapid increase in drug resistance and the lack of new effective drugs or a vaccine for malaria constitute a major threat and a need for novel therapeutics to combat disease. This review explores strategies that can be used to target the receptor. Inhibitors of DARC, which block DBP-DARC interaction, can potentially provide an effective strategy for preventing malaria caused by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis B Ntumngia
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard Thomson-Luque
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Camilla V Pires
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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16
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Vacchini A, Locati M, Borroni EM. Overview and potential unifying themes of the atypical chemokine receptor family. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:883-92. [PMID: 26740381 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr1015-477r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines modulate immune responses through their ability to orchestrate the migration of target cells. Chemokines directly induce cell migration through a distinct set of 7 transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors but are also recognized by a small subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors, characterized by their inability to support chemotactic activity. Atypical chemokine receptors are now emerging as crucial regulatory components of chemokine networks in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic contexts. Although a new nomenclature has been approved recently to reflect their functional distinction from their conventional counterparts, a systematic view of this subfamily is still missing. This review discusses their biochemical and immunologic properties to identify potential unifying themes in this emerging family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vacchini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Monica Borroni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
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17
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Horuk R. The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines DARC/ACKR1. Front Immunol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 26097477 PMCID: PMC4456859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Horuk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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18
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Venner JM, Hidalgo LG, Famulski KS, Chang J, Halloran PF. The molecular landscape of antibody-mediated kidney transplant rejection: evidence for NK involvement through CD16a Fc receptors. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1336-48. [PMID: 25787894 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The recent recognition that antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is the major cause of kidney transplant loss creates strong interest in its pathogenesis. We used microarray analysis of kidney transplant biopsies to identify the changes in pure ABMR. We found that the ABMR transcript changes in the initial Discovery Set were strongly conserved in a subsequent Validation Set. In the Combined Set of 703 biopsies, 2603 transcripts were significantly changed (FDR < 0.05) in ABMR versus all other biopsies. In cultured cells, the transcripts strongly associated with ABMR were expressed in endothelial cells, e.g. cadherins CDH5 and CDH13; IFNG-treated endothelial cells, e.g. phospholipase PLA1A and chemokine CXCL11; or NK cells, e.g. cytotoxicity molecules granulysin (GNLY) and FGFBP2. Other ABMR transcripts were expressed in normal kidney but not cell lines, either increased e.g. Duffy chemokine receptor (DARC) or decreased e.g. sclerostin (SOST). Pathway analysis of ABMR transcripts identified angiogenesis, with roles for angiopoietin and vascular endothelial growth factors; leukocyte-endothelial interactions; and NK signaling, including evidence for CD16a Fc receptor signaling elements shared with T cells. These data support a model of ABMR involving injury-repair in the microcirculation induced by cognate recognition involving antibody and CD16a, triggering IFNG release and antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Venner
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Schneider EH, Fowler SC, Lionakis MS, Swamydas M, Holmes G, Diaz V, Munasinghe J, Peiper SC, Gao JL, Murphy PM. Regulation of motor function and behavior by atypical chemokine receptor 1. Behav Genet 2014; 44:498-515. [PMID: 24997773 PMCID: PMC4790732 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 (ACKR1), previously known as Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines, stands out among chemokine receptors for high selective expression on cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Although ACKR1 ligands activate Purkinje cells in vitro, evidence for ACKR1 regulation of brain function in vivo is lacking. Here we demonstrate that Ackr1 (-/-) mice have markedly impaired balance and ataxia on a rotating rod and increased tremor when injected with harmaline, which induces whole-body tremor by activating Purkinje cells. Ackr1 (-/-) mice also exhibited impaired exploratory behavior, increased anxiety-like behavior and frequent episodes of marked hypoactivity under low-stress conditions. Surprisingly, Ackr1 (+/-) had similar behavioral abnormalities, indicating pronounced haploinsufficiency. The behavioral phenotype of Ackr1 (-/-) mice was the opposite of mouse models of cerebellar degeneration, and the defects persisted when Ackr1 was deficient only on non-hematopoietic cells. Together, the results suggest that normal motor function and behavior may partly depend on negative regulation of Purkinje cell activity by Ackr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich H. Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gibran Holmes
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivian Diaz
- In Vivo NMR Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeeva Munasinghe
- In Vivo NMR Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C. Peiper
- Institute of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Berahovich RD, Zabel BA, Lewén S, Walters MJ, Ebsworth K, Wang Y, Jaen JC, Schall TJ. Endothelial expression of CXCR7 and the regulation of systemic CXCL12 levels. Immunology 2014; 141:111-22. [PMID: 24116850 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of CXCL12/SDF-1 in the bloodstream is tightly regulated, given its central role in leucocyte and stem/progenitor cell egress from bone marrow and recruitment to sites of inflammation or injury. The mechanism responsible for this regulation is unknown. Here we show that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CXCR7, a high-affinity CXCL12 receptor, caused pronounced increases in plasma CXCL12 levels. The rise in plasma CXCL12 levels was associated with an impairment in the ability of leucocytes to migrate to a local source of CXCL12. Using a set of complementary and highly sensitive techniques, we found that CXCR7 protein is expressed at low levels in multiple organs in both humans and mice. In humans, CXCR7 was detected primarily on venule endothelium and arteriole smooth muscle cells. CXCR7 expression on venule endothelium was also documented in immunodeficient mice and CXCR7(+/lacZ) mice. The vascular expression of CXCR7 therefore gives it immediate access to circulating CXCL12. These studies suggest that endothelial CXCR7 regulates circulating CXCL12 levels and that CXCR7 inhibitors might be used to block CXCL12-mediated cell migration for therapeutic purposes.
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Abstract
Endothelial cells play an important, active role in the onset and regulation of inflammatory and immune reactions. Through the production of chemokines they attract leukocytes and activate their adhesive receptors. This leads to the anchorage of leukocytes to the adhesive molecules expressed on the endothelial surface. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is frequently followed by their extravasation. The mechanisms which regulate the passage of leukocytes through endothelial clefts remain to be clarified. Many indirect data suggest that leukocytes might transfer signals to endothelial cells both through the release of active agents and adhesion to the endothelial cell surface. Adhesive molecules (such as PECAM) on the endothelial cell surface might also ‘direct’ leukocytes through the intercellular junction by haptotaxis. The information available on the molecular structure and functional properties of endothelial chemokines, adhesive molecules or junction organization is still fragmentary. Further work is needed to clarify how they interplay in regulating leukocyte infiltration into tissues.
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Zhao Y, Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Prakash B, Guo F, Stolz DB, Lee JS. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines mediates chemokine endocytosis through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29624. [PMID: 22216333 PMCID: PMC3246497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) shows high affinity binding to multiple inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial DARC facilitates chemokine transcytosis to promote neutrophil recruitment. However, the mechanism of chemokine endocytosis by DARC remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the role of several endocytic pathways in DARC-mediated ligand internalization. Here we report that, although DARC co-localizes with caveolin-1 in endothelial cells, caveolin-1 is dispensable for DARC-mediated 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis as knockdown of caveolin-1 failed to inhibit ligand internalization. 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis by DARC was also independent of clathrin and flotillin-1 but required cholesterol and was, in part, inhibited by silencing Dynamin II expression.125I-CXCL1 endocytosis was inhibited by amiloride, cytochalasin D, and the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 whereas Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) enhanced ligand internalization through DARC. The majority of DARC-ligand interactions occurred on the endothelial surface, with DARC identified along plasma membrane extensions with the appearance of ruffles, supporting the concept that DARC provides a high affinity scaffolding function for surface retention of chemokines on endothelial cells. Conclusions/Significance These results show DARC-mediated chemokine endocytosis occurs through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells and caveolin-1 is dispensable for CXCL1 internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nilam S. Mangalmurti
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bharat Prakash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Culleton R, Coban C, Zeyrek FY, Cravo P, Kaneko A, Randrianarivelojosia M, Andrianaranjaka V, Kano S, Farnert A, Arez AP, Sharp PM, Carter R, Tanabe K. The origins of African Plasmodium vivax; insights from mitochondrial genome sequencing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29137. [PMID: 22195007 PMCID: PMC3237592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax, the second most prevalent of the human malaria parasites, is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. It is very rare, however, in west and central Africa, due to the high prevalence of the Duffy negative phenotype in the human population. Due to its rarity in Africa, previous studies on the phylogeny of world-wide P. vivax have suffered from insufficient samples of African parasites. Here we compare the mitochondrial sequence diversity of parasites from Africa with those from other areas of the world, in order to investigate the origin of present-day African P. vivax. Mitochondrial genome sequencing revealed relatively little polymorphism within the African population compared to parasites from the rest of the world. This, combined with sequence similarity with parasites from India, suggests that the present day African P. vivax population in humans may have been introduced relatively recently from the Indian subcontinent. Haplotype network analysis also raises the possibility that parasites currently found in Africa and South America may be the closest extant relatives of the ancestors of the current world population. Lines of evidence are adduced that this ancestral population may be from an ancient stock of P. vivax in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Culleton
- Laboratory of Malariology, International Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Malaria Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (R. Culleton); (KT)
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier Institute for Immunology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fadile Yildiz Zeyrek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Pedro Cravo
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Unidade de Parasitologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública/CAPES/PVE, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Shigeyuki Kano
- Research Institute, International Medical Centre of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Farnert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ana Paula Arez
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Unidade de Parasitologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul M. Sharp
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Carter
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuyuki Tanabe
- Laboratory of Malariology, International Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (R. Culleton); (KT)
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Wurtz N, Mint Lekweiry K, Bogreau H, Pradines B, Rogier C, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A, Hafid JE, Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Trape JF, Basco LK, Briolant S. Vivax malaria in Mauritania includes infection of a Duffy-negative individual. Malar J 2011; 10:336. [PMID: 22050867 PMCID: PMC3228859 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duffy blood group polymorphisms are important in areas where Plasmodium vivax is present because this surface antigen is thought to act as a key receptor for this parasite. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping was performed in febrile uninfected and P. vivax-infected patients living in the city of Nouakchott, Mauritania. Methods Plasmodium vivax was identified by real-time PCR. The Duffy blood group genotypes were determined by standard PCR followed by sequencing of the promoter region and exon 2 of the Duffy gene in 277 febrile individuals. Fisher's exact test was performed in order to assess the significance of variables. Results In the Moorish population, a high frequency of the FYBES/FYBES genotype was observed in uninfected individuals (27.8%), whereas no P. vivax-infected patient had this genotype. This was followed by a high level of FYA/FYB, FYB/FYB, FYB/FYBES and FYA/FYBES genotype frequencies, both in the P. vivax-infected and uninfected patients. In other ethnic groups (Poular, Soninke, Wolof), only the FYBES/FYBES genotype was found in uninfected patients, whereas the FYA/FYBES genotype was observed in two P. vivax-infected patients. In addition, one patient belonging to the Wolof ethnic group presented the FYBES/FYBES genotype and was infected by P. vivax. Conclusions This study presents the Duffy blood group polymorphisms in Nouakchott City and demonstrates that in Mauritania, P. vivax is able to infect Duffy-negative patients. Further studies are necessary to identify the process that enables this Duffy-independent P. vivax invasion of human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wurtz
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Parc du Pharo, Marseille Cedex, France.
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25
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Zamjahn JB, Quinton LJ, Mack JC, Frevert CW, Nelson S, Bagby GJ. Differential flux of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant from the lung after intrapulmonary delivery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L568-74. [PMID: 21743027 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), but not macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), is detected in plasma after intratracheal challenge with LPS or the particular chemokines. To further understand the differences between CINC and MIP-2 flux from the lung, we attempted to detect the two chemokines in isolated erythrocytes and leukocytes in rats after intratracheal LPS challenge. In response to intratracheal LPS, we found both CINC and MIP-2 in isolated erythrocytes and leukocytes, suggesting that MIP-2 produced in the LPS-challenged lung entered the circulation like CINC. To assess the relative flux of CINC and MIP-2 from the intra-alveolar compartment into the blood, experiments were performed in rats implanted with vascular catheters in which both chemokines were either injected intratracheally (5 μg) or infused intravenously (20 ng/min) and subsequently measured in plasma or with the cellular elements. Both chemokines appeared in the blood following intratracheal injection, with CINC detected in plasma and cells but MIP-2 only detected in the cellular fraction of blood. Infusion of both chemokines allowed detection of MIP-2 and CINC in plasma and with the cellular elements, which allowed us to calculate clearance for each chemokine and to assess CINC and MIP-2 rates of appearance (Ra) following intratracheal injection. On the basis of plasma and whole blood clearance, CINC Ra was more than sevenfold and fourfold higher, respectively, than MIP-2 Ra. This analysis indicates that differences exist in the rate of flux of CINC and MIP-2 across the epithelial/endothelial barrier of the lung, despite similar molecular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Zamjahn
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Science, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2262, USA.
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Abstract
Chemokine receptors adorn the surface of leukocytes and other cell types ready to translate the extracellular chemokine environment into functional cellular outcomes. However, there are several molecules that, in many respects, look like chemokine receptors, but which do not have the ability to confer chemotactic potential to cell lines. This apparent silence spurred the search for signalling-independent functions and led to the development of new paradigms of chemokine regulation. In this review, we summarise the experimental basis for these ideas focussing on DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules. We discuss data generated using in vitro systems and genetically deficient mice, include results from observational human studies, and summarise the key findings of recent research. We take a critical look at current models of in vivo function highlighting important gaps in our knowledge and demonstrating that there is still much to find out about these enigmatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A H Hansell
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Catherine E Hurson
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute for Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA
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Smolarek D, Bertrand O, Czerwinski M, Colin Y, Etchebest C, de Brevern AG. Multiple interests in structural models of DARC transmembrane protein. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:184-96. [PMID: 20655787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is an unusual transmembrane chemokine receptor which (i) binds the two main chemokine families and (ii) does not transduct any signal as it lacks the DRY consensus sequence. It is considered as silent chemokine receptor, a tank useful for chemiotactism. DARC had been particularly studied as a major actor of malaria infection by Plasmodium vivax. It is also implicated in multiple chemokine inflammation, inflammatory diseases, in cancer and might play a role in HIV infection and AIDS. In this review, we focus on the interest to build structural model of DARC to understand more precisely its abilities to bind its physiological ligand CXCL8 and its malaria ligand. We also present innovative development on VHHs able to bind DARC protein. We underline difficulties and limitations of such bioinformatics approaches and highlight the crucial importance of biological data to conduct these kinds of researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smolarek
- Inserm UMR-S 665, dynamique des structures et interactions des macromolecules biologiques (DSIMB), 6, rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75739 Paris cedex 15, France
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Culleton R, Kaneko O. Erythrocyte binding ligands in malaria parasites: intracellular trafficking and parasite virulence. Acta Trop 2010; 114:131-7. [PMID: 19913491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of an Erythrocyte Binding Like (EBL) ligand has recently been shown to dramatically affect the multiplication rate and virulence of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the role of EBL and other erythrocyte binding ligands in erythrocyte invasion, and discuss the mechanisms by which they may control multiplication rates and virulence in malaria parasites.
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Abstract
The relative contribution of founder effects and natural selection to the observed distribution of human blood groups has been debated since blood group frequencies were shown to differ between populations almost a century ago. Advances in our understanding of the migration patterns of early humans from Africa to populate the rest of the world obtained through the use of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers do much to inform this debate. There are clear examples of protection against infectious diseases from inheritance of polymorphisms in genes encoding and regulating the expression of ABH and Lewis antigens in bodily secretions particularly in respect of Helicobacter pylori, norovirus, and cholera infections. However, available evidence suggests surviving malaria is the most significant selective force affecting the expression of blood groups. Red cells lacking or having altered forms of blood group-active molecules are commonly found in regions of the world in which malaria is endemic, notably the Fy(a-b-) phenotype and the S-s- phenotype in Africa and the Ge- and SAO phenotypes in South East Asia. Founder effects provide a more convincing explanation for the distribution of the D- phenotype and the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in Europe and Central Asia.
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CCR5 signalling, but not DARC or D6 regulatory, chemokine receptors are targeted by herpesvirus U83A chemokine which delays receptor internalisation via diversion to a caveolin-linked pathway. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:22. [PMID: 19643012 PMCID: PMC2744670 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Herpesviruses have evolved chemokines and chemokine receptors, which modulate the recruitment of human leukocytes during the inflammatory response to infection. Early post-infection, human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) infected cells express the chemokine receptor U51A and chemokine U83A which have complementary effects in subverting the CC-chemokine family thereby controlling anti-viral leukocyte recruitment. Here we show that, to potentiate this activity, the viral chemokine can also avoid clearance by scavenger chemokine receptors, DARC and D6, which normally regulate an inflammatory response. Conversely, U83A delays internalisation of its signalling target receptor CCR5 with diversion to caveolin rich membrane domains. This mechanism can redirect displaced human chemokines to DARC and D6 for clearance of the anti-viral inflammatory response, leaving the viral chemokine unchecked. Methods Cell models for competitive binding assays were established using radiolabeled human chemokines and cold U83A on CCR5, DARC or D6 expressing cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess specific chemotaxis of CCR5 bearing cells to U83A, and internalisation of CCR5 specific chemokine CCL4 after stimulation with U83A. Internalisation analyses were supported by confocal microscopy of internalisation and co-localisation of CCR5 with caveosome marker caveolin-1, after virus or human chemokine stimulation. Results U83A displaced efficiently human chemokines from CCR5, with a high affinity of 0.01nM, but not from DARC or D6. Signalling via CCR5 resulted in specific chemoattraction of primary human leukocytes bearing CCR5. However, U83A effective binding and signalling to CCR5 resulted in delayed internalisation and recycling up to 2 hours in the absence of continual re-stimulation. This resulted in diversion to a delayed caveolin-linked pathway rather than the rapid clathrin mediated endocytosis previously shown with human chemokines CCL3 or CCL4. Conclusion U83A diverts human chemokines from signalling, but not regulatory or scavenger, receptors facilitating their clearance, while occupying signalling receptors at the cell surface. This can enhance virus specific inflammation, facilitating dissemination to replication sensitive leukocytes while evading clearance; this has implications for linked neuro-inflammatory pathologies.
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Vielhauer V, Allam R, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Draganovici D, Mandelbaum J, Eltrich N, Nelson PJ, Anders HJ, Pruenster M, Rot A, Schlöndorff D, Segerer S. Efficient renal recruitment of macrophages and T cells in mice lacking the duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:119-31. [PMID: 19498001 PMCID: PMC2708800 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a chemokine-binding protein that is expressed on erythrocytes and renal endothelial cells. DARC-mediated endothelial transcytosis of chemokines may facilitate the renal recruitment of macrophages and T cells, as has been suggested for neutrophils. We studied the role of Darc in two mouse models of prolonged renal inflammation, one that primarily involves the tubulointerstitium (unilateral ureteral obstruction), and one that requires an adaptive immune response that leads to glomerulonephritis (accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis). Renal expression of Darc and its ligands was increased in both models. Leukocytes effectively infiltrated obstructed kidneys in Darc-deficient mice with pronounced T-cell infiltration at early time points. Development of interstitial fibrosis was comparable in both genotypes. Nephrotoxic nephritis was inducible in Darc-deficient mice, with both an increased humoral immune response and functional impairment during the early phase of disease. Leukocytes efficiently infiltrated kidneys of Darc-deficient mice, with increased cell numbers at early but not late time points. Taken together, renal inflammation developed more rapidly in DARC-deficient mice, without affecting the extent of renal injury at later time points. Thus, genetic elimination of Darc in mice does not prevent the development of renal infiltrates and may even enhance such development during the early phases of interstitial and glomerular diseases in mouse models of prolonged renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vielhauer
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokine (DARC) is a seven segment transmembrane protein. It was firstly discovered as a blood group antigen and was the first specific gene locus assigned to a specific autosome in man. It became more famous as an erythrocyte receptor for malaria parasites (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi), and finally for chemokines. DARC is an unorthodox chemokine receptor as (i) it binds chemokines of both CC and CXC classes and (ii) it lacks the Asp-Arg-Tyr consensus motif in its second cytoplasmic loop hence cannot couple to G proteins and activate their signaling pathways. DARC had also been associated to cancer progression, numerous inflammatory diseases, and possibly to AIDS. In this review, we will summarize important biological data on DARC. Then we shall focus on recent development of the elaboration and analyzes of structural models of DARC. We underline the difficulty to propose pertinent structural models of transmembrane protein using comparative modeling process, and other dedicated approaches as the Protein Blocks. The chosen structural models encompass most of the biochemical data known to date. Finally, we present recent development of protein-protein docking between DARC structural models and CXCL-8 structures. We propose a hierarchical search based on separated rigid and flexible docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G de Brevern
- INSERM UMR-S 665, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6, rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75739 Paris 15, France.
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Borroni EM, Bonecchi R, Mantovani A, Locati M. Chemoattractant receptors and leukocyte recruitment: more than cell migration. Sci Signal 2009; 2:pe10. [PMID: 19244210 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.259pe10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractants induce cell migration through the activation of a distinct family of structurally related heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors. Over the past few years, several receptors in this family have been identified that recognize different classes of chemoattractants but do not induce cell migration. These atypical "chemoattractant receptors" are unable to activate transduction events that lead directly to cell migration, but appear nonetheless to play a nonredundant role in leukocyte recruitment by shaping the chemoattractant gradient, either by removing, transporting, or concentrating their cognate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Monica Borroni
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rozzano, Italy
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Vergara C, Tsai YJ, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Gao L, Hand T, Stockton M, Campbell M, Mercado D, Faruque M, Dunston G, Beaty TH, Oliveira RR, Ponte EV, Cruz AA, Carvalho E, Araujo MI, Watson H, Schleimer RP, Caraballo L, Nickel RG, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is associated with asthma and IgE in three populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:1017-22. [PMID: 18827265 PMCID: PMC2582596 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma prevalence and severity are high among underserved minorities, including those of African descent. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax on erythrocytes and functions as a chemokine-clearing receptor. Unlike European populations, decreased expression of the receptor on erythrocytes is common among populations of African descent, and results from a functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter. This variant provides an evolutionary advantage in malaria-endemic regions, because Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines-negative erythrocytes are more resistant to infection by P. vivax. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of the rs2814778 polymorphism in asthma and atopy as measured by total serum IgE levels among four populations of African descent (African Caribbean, African American, Brazilian, and Colombian) and a European American population. METHODS Family-based association tests were performed in each of the five populations to test for association between the rs2814778 polymorphism and asthma or total IgE concentration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Asthma was significantly associated with the rs2814778 polymorphism in the African Caribbean, Colombian, and Brazilian families (P < 0.05). High total IgE levels were associated with this variant in African Caribbean and Colombian families (P < 0.05). The variant allele was not polymorphic among European Americans. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to asthma and atopy among certain populations of African descent is influenced by a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. This genetic variant, which confers resistance to malarial parasitic infection, may also partially explain ethnic differences in morbidity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Culleton RL, Mita T, Ndounga M, Unger H, Cravo PVL, Paganotti GM, Takahashi N, Kaneko A, Eto H, Tinto H, Karema C, D'Alessandro U, do Rosário V, Kobayakawa T, Ntoumi F, Carter R, Tanabe K. Failure to detect Plasmodium vivax in West and Central Africa by PCR species typing. Malar J 2008; 7:174. [PMID: 18783630 PMCID: PMC2546428 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. It is reportedly absent, however, from west and central Africa due to the high prevalence of the Duffy negative phenotype in the indigenous populations. Despite this, non-African travellers consistently return to their own countries with P. vivax malaria after visiting this region. An attempt was made, therefore, to detect the presence of P. vivax parasites in blood samples collected from the indigenous populations of west and central Africa. Methods Parasite species typing (for all four human malaria parasites) was carried out by PCR on 2,588 blood samples collected from individuals from nine African malaria-endemic countries. Results Most infections (98.5%) were Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae was identified in 8.5% of all infections, and Plasmodium ovale in 3.9%. The prevalence of both parasites varied greatly by country. Only one case of P. vivax was detected from Sao Tome, an island off the west coast of Africa, confirming the scarcity of this parasite in Africa. Conclusion The prevalence of P. vivax in local populations in sub-Saharan Africa is very low, despite the frequent identification of this parasite in non-African travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Culleton
- Laboratory of Malariology, International Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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38
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Afenyi-Annan A, Kail M, Combs MR, Orringer EP, Ashley-Koch A, Telen MJ. Lack of Duffy antigen expression is associated with organ damage in patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 2008; 48:917-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Ge S, Song L, Serwanski DR, Kuziel WA, Pachter JS. Transcellular transport of CCL2 across brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2008; 104:1219-32. [PMID: 18289346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The means by which the chemokine CCL2 produced in the brain parenchyma can recruit leukocytes lying behind the highly impervious endothelium of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has remained a paradox. As other chemokines have been evidenced to stimulate their own synthesis and release by peripheral microvascular endothelial cells, and/or undergo transcytosis in the abluminal-to-luminal direction, we determined whether CCL2 experiences similar fates across brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Using cultured BMEC as a paradigm of the BBB, it was observed that exogenous unlabeled CCL2 actually depressed the release of endogenous CCL2, and further caused diminished CCL2 mRNA levels in these cells. On the other hand, exogenous (125)I-labeled CCL2 exhibited transport across BMEC in a manner that was sensitive to temperature, competition by excess unlabeled CCL2 but not unlabeled CCL3, knockdown of caveolin-1/caveolae, and elimination of the cognate CCL2 receptor CCR2. These results implied a facet of CCL2 transport by a transcellular mechanism partly involving binding of CCL2 to CCR2, and subsequent transfer to caveolae vesicles for transcytosis. This notion was supported by double-label immuno-electronmicroscopy, which revealed co-localization of caveolin-1 with exogenous CCL2, during this chemokine's transit across BMEC. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale by which CCL2, deposited on the abluminal side of the brain microvasculature during inflammatory episodes, can be relayed across the BBB to foster leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Ge
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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40
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Horuk R, Peiper SC. Review Biologicals & Immunologicals; The Chemokine Receptor Family. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.5.11.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Borroni EM, Bonecchi R, Buracchi C, Savino B, Mantovani A, Locati M. Chemokine decoy receptors: new players in reproductive immunology. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:483-97. [PMID: 18716935 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802191318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are multifunctional molecules with roles in leukocyte trafficking and developmental processes. Both fetal and maternal components of the placenta produce chemokines, which control leukocyte trafficking observed in the placenta. Thus, chemokines play roles in the balance between protection of the developing embryo/fetus and tolerance of its hemiallogeneic tissues. Recently, a group of chemokine receptors, which include D6, DARC, and CCX-CKR, have been described as "silent" receptors by virtue of their inability to activate signal transduction events leading to cell chemoattraction. Here we review in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that chemokine "silent" receptors regulate innate and adaptive immunity behaving as decoy receptors that support internalization and degradation of chemotactic factors, and discuss available information on their potential role in reproductive immunology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokines/agonists
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Duffy Blood-Group System/immunology
- Duffy Blood-Group System/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Placenta/immunology
- Placenta/metabolism
- Placental Circulation/immunology
- Pregnancy/immunology
- Receptors, CCR10/agonists
- Receptors, CCR10/immunology
- Receptors, CCR10/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/agonists
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/immunology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Reproductive Medicine
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Chemokine Receptor D6
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42
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Zarbock A, Schmolke M, Bockhorn SG, Scharte M, Buschmann K, Ley K, Singbartl K. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in acute renal failure: A facilitator of renal chemokine presentation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2156-63. [PMID: 17855830 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000280570.82885.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute renal failure remains a major challenge in critical care medicine. Both neutrophils and chemokines have been proposed as key components in the development of acute renal failure. Although the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is present in several tissues and a highly specific ligand for various chemokines, its exact role in vivo remains unclear. DESIGN Prospective, controlled experimental study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. SUBJECTS C57BL/6 wild-type and DARC gene-deficient mice (DARC-/-). INTERVENTIONS To unravel the functional relevance of DARC in vivo, we compared wild-type and DARC-/- using neutrophil-dependent models of acute renal failure, induced by either local (renal ischemia-reperfusion) or systemic (endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide) injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations served as indicators of renal function or dysfunction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure tissue and plasma chemokine concentrations. We also performed immunostaining to localize chemokine expression and flow cytometry to evaluate neutrophil recruitment into the kidney. Following renal injury, wild-type mice developed moderate renal ischemia-reperfusion(lipopolysaccharide, 300% increase in plasma creatinine concentrations) to severe acute renal failure (renal ischemia-reperfusion, 40% mortality) as well as extensive renal neutrophil recruitment. DARC-/- mice exhibited no renal dysfunction (renal ischemia-reperfusion) or only very mild renal dysfunction (lipopolysaccharide, 20% increase in serum creatinine concentrations). DARC-/- mice showed no postischemic neutrophil infiltration. Although DARC-/- and wild-type mice exhibited similar global renal neutrophil-recruitment during endotoxemia, DARC-/- mice showed significantly impaired neutrophil extravasation. Total renal concentrations of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 2, which has been shown to bind to DARC and to be crucial in postischemic acute renal failure, were either identical (lipopolysaccharide) or only moderately different (renal ischemia-reperfusion) between wild-type and DARC-/- mice. Immunostaining revealed an absence of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in renal endothelial cells of DARC-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that DARC predominantly exerts its effects by controlling spatial chemokine distribution, which in turn regulates neutrophil recruitment and subsequent acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zarbock
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany
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43
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Lerut E, Van Damme B, Noizat-Pirenne F, Emonds MP, Rouger P, Vanrenterghem Y, Pirenne J, Ansart-Pirenne H. Duffy and Kidd blood group antigens: minor histocompatibility antigens involved in renal allograft rejection? Transfusion 2007; 47:28-40. [PMID: 17207227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor histocompatibility antigens have been poorly defined. Whether Duffy (FY) and Kidd (JK), polymorphic and immunogenic blood group antigens, widely distributed in human organs, expressed and functional in the kidney, could function as minor histocompatibility antigens and be implicated in renal allograft rejection was questioned. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective, homogeneous, single-center cohort of 370 renal transplants was analyzed. In all donor/recipient pairs, FY and JK polymorphisms were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In all donor/recipient pairs the matching (m) or mismatching (mm) status was defined for both systems. All biopsies were reviewed, and historical screening results for FY and JK alloantibodies and graft survival were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Although graft survival was not different between the groups, it was observed that FY mm grafts had significantly more chronic lesions compared to FY m grafts. HLA-DR11 was more frequent in both recipients (p = 0.0081) and donors (p = 0.0104) of FY mm couples without chronic allograft nephropathy, suggesting a protective effect for this molecule. JK mm grafts had more interstitial inflammation than JK m grafts (p = 0.0369). CONCLUSION This renal model unmasks for the first time the role of FY and-to a lesser extent-JK antigens as minor histocompatibility antigens and suggests their potential role for other clinical transplant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Abstract
CXC chemokines are a subset of chemotactic cytokines that possess angiogenic or angiostatic properties. Using genetically engineered mice lacking the receptors for these ligands, recent research has demonstrated a significant role for CXC chemokines in the development and growth of prostate tumors. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC), which only binds to CXC chemokines that have angiogenic properties, is a nonsignaling receptor expressed on erythrocytes that appears to function by clearing these chemokines from sites of overproduction. The majority of men of African descent lack this receptor on their erythrocytes, suggesting that loss of this receptor may contribute to aggressive tumor phenotypes in these individuals. Thus, CXC chemokines and the erythrocyte DARC may serve as important growth regulators and biomarkers for prostate cancer stage and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Lentsch
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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45
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Comerford I, Litchfield W, Harata-Lee Y, Nibbs RJB, McColl SR. Regulation of chemotactic networks by ‘atypical’ receptors. Bioessays 2007; 29:237-47. [PMID: 17295321 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is a fundamental component of numerous biological systems and is critical to the pathology of many diseases. Although the importance of secreted chemoattractant factors in providing navigational cues to migrating cells bearing specific chemoattractant receptors is now well-established, how the function of these factors is regulated is not so well understood and may be of key importance to the design of new therapeutics for numerous human diseases. While regulation of migration clearly takes place on a number of different levels, it is becoming clear that so-called 'atypical' receptors play a role in scavenging, or altering the localisation of, chemoattractant molecules such as chemokines and complement components. These receptors do this through binding and/or internalising their chemoattractant ligands without activating signal transduction cascades leading to cell migration. The atypical chemokine receptor family currently comprises the receptors D6, DARC and CCX-CKR. In this review, we discuss the evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that these receptors play a role in regulating cell migration, and speculate that other orphan receptors may also belong to this family. Furthermore, with the advent of gene therapy on the horizon, the therapeutic potential of these receptors in human disease is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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46
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Bandyopadhyay S, Zhan R, Chaudhuri A, Watabe M, Pai SK, Hirota S, Hosobe S, Tsukada T, Miura K, Takano Y, Saito K, Pauza ME, Hayashi S, Wang Y, Mohinta S, Mashimo T, Iiizumi M, Furuta E, Watabe K. Interaction of KAI1 on tumor cells with DARC on vascular endothelium leads to metastasis suppression. Nat Med 2006; 12:933-8. [PMID: 16862154 DOI: 10.1038/nm1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD82, also known as KAI1, was recently identified as a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene on human chromosome 11p1.2 (ref. 1). The product of CD82 is KAI1, a 40- to 75-kDa tetraspanin cell-surface protein also known as the leukocyte cell-surface marker CD82 (refs. 1,2). Downregulation of KAI1 has been found to be clinically associated with metastatic progression in a variety of cancers, whereas overexpression of CD82 specifically suppresses tumor metastasis in various animal models. To define the mechanism of action of KAI1, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified an endothelial cell-surface protein, DARC (also known as gp-Fy), as an interacting partner of KAI1. Our results indicate that the cancer cells expressing KAI1 attach to vascular endothelial cells through direct interaction between KAI1 and DARC, and that this interaction leads to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of senescence by modulating the expression of TBX2 and p21. Furthermore, the metastasis-suppression activity of KAI1 was significantly compromised in DARC knockout mice, whereas KAI1 completely abrogated pulmonary metastasis in wild-type and heterozygous littermates. These results provide direct evidence that DARC is essential for the function of CD82 as a suppressor of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Bandyopadhyay
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 801 N. Rutledge Street, PO Box 19626, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9626, USA
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47
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48
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Xu L, Niu J, Chaudhuri A. The domain on the mouse Duffy protein for Plasmodium yoelii binding and invasion to mouse erythrocytes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006; 146:142-50. [PMID: 16386320 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites is a multi-step process requiring specific molecular interactions between merozoites and erythrocyte surface receptors. Human Duffy blood group protein is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax merozoite invasion to red blood cells. The cognate parasite ligand for Duffy protein is a 135 kDa Duffy binding protein (DBP). Previously, we defined the domain on the N-terminus of human Duffy protein required for DBP binding and showed that a 35-mer N-terminal peptide inhibited DBP binding to Duffy positive red cells in vitro. There is no efficient in vitro culture system or small animal model to study P. vivax ligand binding and invasion to red blood cells. Plasmodium yoelii is frequently used to study the interaction between host receptors and parasite ligands. Similar to human parasite P. vivax, rodent malaria parasite P. yoelii also uses Duffy protein on mouse RBCs for invasion. However, the domain on the mouse Duffy for P. yoelii binding is not known. In this communication, using a mouse model, we show that an antibody against the N-terminus of mouse Duffy protein inhibited P. yoelii invasion in the mouse. In addition, by using small peptides from the N-terminal exocellular domain, we defined the domain on the Duffy protein for P. yoelii binding and invasion to mouse erythrocytes. Our results also indicated that small peptides from the host receptor could act as decoy receptors and may be utilized as potential antimalarial drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antimalarials/metabolism
- Antimalarials/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Duffy Blood-Group System/chemistry
- Duffy Blood-Group System/immunology
- Duffy Blood-Group System/metabolism
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Malaria/parasitology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Parasitemia
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Plasmodium yoelii/pathogenicity
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, New York Blood Center, NY 10021, USA
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49
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Herrera S, Gómez A, Vera O, Vergara J, Valderrama-Aguirre A, Maestre A, Méndez F, Wang R, Chitnis CE, Yazdani SS, Arévalo-Herrera M. Antibody response to Plasmodium vivax antigens in Fy-negative individuals from the Colombian Pacific coast. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 73:44-9. [PMID: 16291766 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Duffy antigen (Fy) is necessary for Plasmodium vivax invasion of human erythrocytes. Some populations have a highly prevalent Fy-negative phenotype; such persons are naturally protected from P. vivax blood infection but are expected to completely support the P. vivax pre-erythrocytic cycle, representing a valuable model for studying the immune response during these parasitic stages. We typed 214 individuals, mostly Afro-Colombians, from a P. vivax-endemic area for Fy expression and determined the antibody response to P. vivax pre-erythrocytic (sporozoites and CS) and blood-stage antigens (blood forms, P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1, and P. vivax Duffy binding protein [PvDBP]). Antibody titers to P. vivax circumsporozoite protein, P11, and N-terminal peptides and the number of responders were similar in Fy-negative and Fy-positive individuals. The number of responders to sporozoites, blood forms, and PvDBP were different between these groups. Thus, Fy-negative individuals from malaria-endemic areas can be used to study the immune response to the P. vivax liver phase without interference of the erythrocytic cycle.
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50
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Locati M, Torre YMDL, Galliera E, Bonecchi R, Bodduluri H, Vago G, Vecchi A, Mantovani A. Silent chemoattractant receptors: D6 as a decoy and scavenger receptor for inflammatory CC chemokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16:679-86. [PMID: 15996892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system includes at least three "silent" receptors, DARC, D6 and CCX CKR, with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. D6 binds most inflammatory, but not homeostatic, CC chemokines and shuttles in a ligand-independent way from the plasma membrane to endocytic compartments where chemokines are targeted to degradation. In vitro and in vivo evidence, including results with gene-targeted mice, is consistent with the view that D6 acts as a decoy and scavenger for inflammatory CC chemokines. Thus, D6 has unique functional and structural features, which make it ideally adapted to act as a chemokine decoy and scavenger receptor, strategically located on lymphatic endothelium to dampen inflammation in tissues and draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Locati
- Institute of General Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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