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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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2
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Seifelnasr A, Si X, Xi J. Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38794345 PMCID: PMC11124954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard multi-dose nasal spray pump features an integrated actuator and nozzle, which inevitably causes a retraction of the nozzle tip during application. The retraction stroke is around 5.5 mm and drastically reduces the nozzle's insertion depth, which further affects the initial nasal spray deposition and subsequent translocation, potentially increasing drug wastes and dosimetry variability. To address this issue, we designed a new spray pump that separated the nozzle from the actuator and connected them with a flexible tube, thereby eliminating nozzle retraction during application. The objective of this study is to test the new device's performance in comparison to the conventional nasal pump in terms of spray generation, plume development, and dosimetry distribution. For both devices, the spray droplet size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle analyzer. Plume development was recorded with a high-definition camera. Nasal dosimetry was characterized in two transparent nasal cavity casts (normal and decongested) under two breathing conditions (breath-holding and constant inhalation). The nasal formulation was a 0.25% w/v methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a fluorescent dye. For each test case, the temporospatial spray translocation in the nasal cavity was recorded, and the final delivered doses were quantified in five nasal regions. The results indicate minor differences in droplet size distribution between the two devices. The nasal plume from the new device presents a narrower plume angle. The head orientation, the depth at which the nozzle is inserted into the nostril, and the administration angle play crucial roles in determining the initial deposition of nasal sprays as well as the subsequent translocation of the liquid film/droplets. Quantitative measurements of deposition distributions in the nasal models were augmented with visualization recordings to evaluate the delivery enhancements introduced by the new device. With an extension tube, the modified device produced a lower spray output and delivered lower doses in the front, middle, and back turbinate than the conventional nasal pump. However, sprays from the new device were observed to penetrate deeper into the nasal passages, predominantly through the middle-upper meatus. This resulted in consistently enhanced dosing in the middle-upper turbinate regions while at the cost of higher drug loss to the pharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Seifelnasr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Xiuhua Si
- Department of Aerospace, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA;
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
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3
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Takada K, Orba Y, Kida Y, Wu J, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Nakagawa S, Sawa H, Watanabe T. Genes involved in the limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the lower respiratory airways of hamsters may be associated with adaptive evolution. J Virol 2024; 98:e0178423. [PMID: 38624229 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01784-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel respiratory viruses can cause a pandemic and then evolve to coexist with humans. The Omicron strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are now established in human society. Compared to previous strains, Omicron is markedly less invasive in the lungs and causes less severe disease. One reason for this is that humans are acquiring immunity through previous infection and vaccination, but the nature of the virus itself is also changing. Using our newly established low-volume inoculation system, which reflects natural human infection, we show that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain. Furthermore, by characterizing chimeric viruses with the Omicron gene in the Wuhan strain genetic background and vice versa, we found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a, but not the S gene, were responsible for the limited spread of the Omicron strain in the lower airways of the virus-infected hamsters. Moreover, molecular evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (M and E genes). Our findings provide insight into the adaptive evolution of the virus in humans during the pandemic convergence phase.IMPORTANCEThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2021, and its sub-lineages are established in human society. Compared to previous strains, the Omicron strain is less invasive in the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, and causes less severe disease; however, the mechanistic basis for its restricted replication in the lower airways is poorly understood. In this study, using a newly established low-volume inoculation system that reflects natural human infection, we demonstrated that the Omicron strain spreads less efficiently into the lungs of hamsters compared with an earlier Wuhan strain and found that viral genes downstream of ORF3a are responsible for replication restriction in the lower respiratory tract of Omicron-infected hamsters. Furthermore, we detected a positive selection of genes downstream of ORF3a (especially the M and E genes) in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these genes may undergo adaptive changes in humans.
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Grants
- 16H06429, 16K21723, 16H06434, JP22H02521 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21H02736 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP16K21723, JP16H06432 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 22K15469, 21J01036 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20fk0108281, JP19fk0108113, JP20pc0101047 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20fk0108401, JP21fk0108493 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP23wm0125008, JP223fa627005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP19fk018113, JP223fa627002h, 22gm1610010h0001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JPMJMS2025 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- JPMJCR20H6 MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Takeda Science Foundation (TSF)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yurie Kida
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Vavougios GD, Mavridis T, Doskas T, Papaggeli O, Foka P, Hadjigeorgiou G. SARS-CoV-2-Induced Type I Interferon Signaling Dysregulation in Olfactory Networks Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4565-4579. [PMID: 38785545 PMCID: PMC11119810 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon signaling (IFN-I) perturbations are major drivers of COVID-19. Dysregulated IFN-I in the brain, however, has been linked to both reduced cognitive resilience and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Previous works from our group have proposed a model where peripheral induction of IFN-I may be relayed to the CNS, even in the absence of fulminant infection. The aim of our study was to identify significantly enriched IFN-I signatures and genes along the transolfactory route, utilizing published datasets of the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb amygdala transcriptomes of COVID-19 patients. We furthermore sought to identify these IFN-I signature gene networks associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and risk. Gene expression data involving the nasal epithelium, olfactory bulb, and amygdala of COVID-19 patients and transcriptomic data from Alzheimer's disease patients were scrutinized for enriched Type I interferon pathways. Gene set enrichment analyses and gene-Venn approaches were used to determine genes in IFN-I enriched signatures. The Agora web resource was used to identify genes in IFN-I signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease risk based on its aggregated multi-omic data. For all analyses, false discovery rates (FDR) <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pathways associated with type I interferon signaling were found in all samples tested. Each type I interferon signature was enriched by IFITM and OAS family genes. A 14-gene signature was associated with COVID-19 CNS and the response to Alzheimer's disease pathology, whereas nine genes were associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease based on Agora. Our study provides further support to a type I interferon signaling dysregulation along the extended olfactory network as reconstructed herein, ranging from the nasal epithelium and extending to the amygdala. We furthermore identify the 14 genes implicated in this dysregulated pathway with Alzheimer's disease pathology, among which HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-A, PSMB8, IFITM3, HLA-E, IFITM1, OAS2, and MX1 as genes with associated conferring increased risk for the latter. Further research into its druggability by IFNb therapeutics may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Theodoros Mavridis
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital (AMNCH), D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Olga Papaggeli
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (O.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Pelagia Foka
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (O.P.); (P.F.)
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5
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Hartmann JA, Cardoso MR, Talarico MCR, Kenney DJ, Leone MR, Reese DC, Turcinovic J, O'Connell AK, Gertje HP, Marino C, Ojeda PE, De Paula EV, Orsi FA, Velloso LA, Cafiero TR, Connor JH, Ploss A, Hoelzemer A, Carrington M, Barczak AK, Crossland NA, Douam F, Boucau J, Garcia-Beltran WF. Evasion of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic immunity by sarbecoviruses. Cell 2024; 187:2393-2410.e14. [PMID: 38653235 PMCID: PMC11088510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and other sarbecoviruses continue to threaten humanity, highlighting the need to characterize common mechanisms of viral immune evasion for pandemic preparedness. Cytotoxic lymphocytes are vital for antiviral immunity and express NKG2D, an activating receptor conserved among mammals that recognizes infection-induced stress ligands (e.g., MIC-A/B). We found that SARS-CoV-2 evades NKG2D recognition by surface downregulation of MIC-A/B via shedding, observed in human lung tissue and COVID-19 patient serum. Systematic testing of SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed that ORF6, an accessory protein uniquely conserved among sarbecoviruses, was responsible for MIC-A/B downregulation via shedding. Further investigation demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells efficiently killed SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and limited viral spread. However, inhibition of MIC-A/B shedding with a monoclonal antibody, 7C6, further enhanced NK-cell activity toward SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Our findings unveil a strategy employed by SARS-CoV-2 to evade cytotoxic immunity, identify the culprit immunevasin shared among sarbecoviruses, and suggest a potential novel antiviral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Hartmann
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Devin J Kenney
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madison R Leone
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dagny C Reese
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K O'Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Marino
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro E Ojeda
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erich V De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Orsi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas R Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John H Connor
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Angelique Hoelzemer
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Infection and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Woodall MNJ, Cujba AM, Worlock KB, Case KM, Masonou T, Yoshida M, Polanski K, Huang N, Lindeboom RGH, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Richardson L, Cakir B, Ellis S, Palor M, Burgoyne T, Pinto A, Moulding D, McHugh TD, Saleh A, Kilich E, Mehta P, O'Callaghan C, Zhou J, Barclay W, DeCoppi P, Butler CR, Cortina-Borja M, Vinette H, Roy S, Breuer J, Chambers RC, Heywood WE, Mills K, Hynds RE, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB, Nikolić MZ, Smith CM. Age-specific nasal epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1293-1311. [PMID: 38622380 PMCID: PMC11087271 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 rarely progress to respiratory failure. However, the risk of mortality in infected people over 85 years of age remains high. Here we investigate differences in the cellular landscape and function of paediatric (<12 years), adult (30-50 years) and older adult (>70 years) ex vivo cultured nasal epithelial cells in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2. We show that cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in nasal epithelial cell subtypes, differ between age groups. While ciliated cells are viral replication centres across all age groups, a distinct goblet inflammatory subtype emerges in infected paediatric cultures and shows high expression of interferon-stimulated genes and incomplete viral replication. In contrast, older adult cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a proportional increase in basaloid-like cells, which facilitate viral spread and are associated with altered epithelial repair pathways. We confirm age-specific induction of these cell types by integrating data from in vivo COVID-19 studies and validate that our in vitro model recapitulates early epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tereza Masonou
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Samuel Ellis
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Machaela Palor
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreia Pinto
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aarash Saleh
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eliz Kilich
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Puja Mehta
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo DeCoppi
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Heloise Vinette
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory/Dept Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Claire M Smith
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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7
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Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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8
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Dufloo J, Sanjuán R. Temperature impacts SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenicity and evolution. mBio 2024; 15:e0336023. [PMID: 38411986 PMCID: PMC11005339 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03360-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, which are characterized by different temperatures (33°C and 37°C, respectively). In addition, fever is a common COVID-19 symptom. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to replicate more efficiently at low temperatures, but the effect of temperature on different viral proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate how temperature affects the SARS-CoV-2 spike function and evolution. We first observed that increasing temperature from 33°C to 37°C or 39°C increased spike-mediated cell-cell fusion. We then experimentally evolved a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike at these different temperatures. We found that spike-mediated cell-cell fusion was maintained during evolution at 39°C but was lost in a high proportion of viruses that evolved at 33°C or 37°C. Consistently, sequencing of the spikes evolved at 33°C or 37°C revealed the accumulation of mutations around the furin cleavage site, a region that determines cell-cell fusion, whereas this did not occur in spikes evolved at 39°C. Finally, using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that disruption of the furin cleavage site had a temperature-dependent effect on spike-induced cell-cell fusion and viral fitness. Our results suggest that variations in body temperature may affect the activity and diversification of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. IMPORTANCE When it infects humans, SARS-CoV-2 is exposed to different temperatures (e.g., replication site and fever). Temperature has been shown to strongly impact SARS-CoV-2 replication, but how it affects the activity and evolution of the spike protein remains poorly understood. Here, we first show that high temperatures increase the SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenicity. Then, we demonstrate that the evolution of the spike activity and variants depends on temperature. Finally, we show that the functional effect of specific spike mutations is temperature-dependent. Overall, our results suggest that temperature may be a factor influencing the activity and adaptation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike in vivo, which will help understanding viral tropism, pathogenesis, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufloo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, Paterna, València, Spain
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9
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Teng F, Gang O, Freimuth P. Overexpression of human ACE2 protein in mouse fibroblasts stably transfected with the intact ACE2 gene. Virology 2024; 592:109988. [PMID: 38244322 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on epithelial cells in the human upper respiratory tract. Recombinant ACE2 protein has potential application for anti-viral therapy. Here we co-transfected mouse fibroblasts (A9 cells) with a cloned fragment of human genomic DNA containing the intact ACE2 gene and an unlinked neomycin phosphotransferase gene, and then selected stable neomycin-resistant transfectants. Transfectant clones expressed ACE2 protein at levels that were generally proportional to the number of ACE2 gene copies integrated in the cell genome, ranging up to approximately 50 times the level of ACE2 present of Vero-E6 cells. Cells overexpressing ACE2 were hypersensitive to infection by spike-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-S), and adsorption of VSV-S to these cells occurred at an accelerated rate compared to Vero-E6 cells. The transfectant cell clones described here therefore have favorable attributes as feedstocks for large-scale production of recombinant human ACE2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Teng
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Paul Freimuth
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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10
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Cao JB, Zhu ST, Huang XS, Wang XY, Wu ML, Li X, Liu FL, Chen L, Zheng YT, Wang JH. Mast cell degranulation-triggered by SARS-CoV-2 induces tracheal-bronchial epithelial inflammation and injury. Virol Sin 2024; 39:309-318. [PMID: 38458399 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation is a key pathogenic factor of COVID-19. Our research, along with others', has demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) play a vital role in the initiation of hyper-inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2. In previous study, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the accumulation of MCs in the peri-bronchus and bronchioalveolar-duct junction in humanized mice. Additionally, we found that MC degranulation triggered by the spike protein resulted in inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells, leading to subsequent lung injury. The trachea and bronchus are the routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission after virus inhalation, and inflammation in these regions could promote viral spread. MCs are widely distributed throughout the respiratory tract. Thus, in this study, we investigated the role of MCs and their degranulation in the development of inflammation in tracheal-bronchial epithelium. Histological analyses showed the accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the peri-trachea of humanized mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. MC degranulation caused lesions in trachea, and the formation of papillary hyperplasia was observed. Through transcriptome analysis in bronchial epithelial cells, we found that MC degranulation significantly altered multiple cellular signaling, particularly, leading to upregulated immune responses and inflammation. The administration of ebastine or loratadine effectively suppressed the induction of inflammatory factors in bronchial epithelial cells and alleviated tracheal injury in mice. Taken together, our findings confirm the essential role of MC degranulation in SARS-CoV-2-induced hyper-inflammation and the subsequent tissue lesions. Furthermore, our results support the use of ebastine or loratadine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-triggered degranulation, thereby preventing tissue damage caused by hyper-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Cao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Huang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Meng-Li Wu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Feng-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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11
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Zhu H, Qu S, Deng Y, Gong M, Xiang Y, Teng Y, Ye D. Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:1643-1649. [PMID: 38091101 PMCID: PMC10942880 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the application of organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It aims to shed light on the current advancements and future potential of organoid technology in these areas, particularly in addressing challenges like hearing loss, cancer research, and organ regeneration. METHODS Review of current literature regrading organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. RESULTS The review highlights several advancements in the field. In otology, the development of organoid replacement therapies offers new avenues for treating hearing loss. In nasal science, the creation of specific organoid models aids in studying nasopharyngeal carcinoma and respiratory viruses. In head and neck surgery, innovative approaches for squamous cell carcinoma prediction and thyroid regeneration using organoids have been developed. CONCLUSION Organoid research in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery is still at an early stage. This review underscores the potential of this technology in advancing our understanding and treatment of various conditions, predicting a transformative impact on future medical practices in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdan Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoshu Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Yathindranath V, Safa N, Tomczyk MM, Dolinsky V, Miller DW. Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Host Cell Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3087-3108. [PMID: 38562613 PMCID: PMC10984206 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the lingering threat to public health has fueled the search for effective therapeutics to treat SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to develop lipid nanoparticle (LNP) inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry to reduce viral infection in the nose and upper airway. Methods Two types of LNP formulations were prepared following a microfluidic mixing method. The LNP-Trap consisted of DOPC, DSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG-COOH modified with various spike protein binding ligands, including ACE2 peptide, recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) or monoclonal antibody to spike protein (mAb). The LNP-Trim consisted of ionizing cationic DLin-MC3-DMA, DSPC, cholesterol, and DMG-PEG lipids encapsulating siACE2 or siTMPRSS2. Both formulations were assayed for biocompatibility and cell uptake in airway epithelial cells (Calu-3). Functional assessment of activity was performed using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding assays (LNP-Trap), host receptor knockdown (LNP-Trim), and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay (LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim). Localization and tissue distribution of fluorescently labeled LNP formulations were assessed in mice following intranasal administration. Results Both LNP formulations were biocompatible based on cell impedance and MTT cytotoxicity studies in Calu-3 cells at concentrations as high as 1 mg/mL. LNP-Trap formulations were able to bind spike protein and inhibit pseudovirus infection by 90% in Calu-3 cells. LNP-Trim formulations reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the mRNA (70% reduction) and protein level (50% reduction). The suppression of host targets in Calu-3 cells treated with LNP-Trim resulted in over 90% inhibition of pseudovirus infection. In vivo studies demonstrated substantial retention of LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim in the nasal cavity following nasal administration with minimal systemic exposure. Conclusion Both LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim formulations were able to safely and effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection in airway epithelial cells. These studies provide proof-of-principle for a localized treatment approach for SARS-CoV-2 in the upper airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinith Yathindranath
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Research Centre, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nura Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Research Centre, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mateusz Marek Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute Manitoba, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vernon Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute Manitoba, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Research Centre, Health Science Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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13
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Li H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zheng H, Wang Y, Hou J, Li J, Zhao Y, Peng S, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang Z, Shi H, Liu L. Apoptosis and pyroptosis in the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamster during SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01940-x. [PMID: 38416286 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In SARS-CoV-2 infection, it has been observed that viral replication lasts longer in the nasal mucosa than in the lungs, despite the presence of a high viral load at both sites. In hamsters, we found that the nasal mucosa exhibited a mild inflammatory response and minimal pathological injuries, whereas the lungs displayed a significant inflammatory response and severe injuries. The underlying cellular events may be induced by viral infection in three types of cell death: apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Our findings indicate that apoptosis was consistently activated during infection in the nasal mucosa, and the levels of apoptosis were consistent with the viral load. On the other hand, pyroptosis and a few instances of necroptosis were observed only on 7 dpi in the nasal mucosa. In the lungs, however, both pyroptosis and apoptosis were prominently activated on 3 dpi, with lower levels of apoptosis compared to the nasal mucosa. Interestingly, in reinfection, obvious viral load and apoptosis in the nasal mucosa were detected on 3 dpi, while no other forms of cell death were detected. We noted that the inflammatory reactions and pathological injuries in the nasal mucosa were milder, indicating that apoptosis may play a role in promoting lower inflammatory reactions and milder pathological injuries and contribute to the generation of long-term viral replication in the nasal mucosa. Our study provides valuable insights into the differences in cellular mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlights the potential significance of apoptosis regulation in the respiratory mucosa for controlling viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jinghan Hou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Shasha Peng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yingyan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jinling Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Haijing Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China.
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14
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kar M, Johnson KEE, Vanderheiden A, Elrod EJ, Floyd K, Geerling E, Stone ET, Salinas E, Banakis S, Wang W, Sathish S, Shrihari S, Davis-Gardner ME, Kohlmeier J, Pinto A, Klein R, Grakoui A, Ghedin E, Suthar MS. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576505. [PMID: 38410446 PMCID: PMC10896337 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and continues to pose a significant public health threat throughout the world. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are rapidly generated to form effector and memory cells and persist in the blood for several months. However, the contribution of T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection within the respiratory tract are not well understood. Using C57BL/6 mice infected with a naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.351), we evaluated the role of T cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Following infection, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited to the respiratory tract and a vast proportion secrete the cytotoxic molecule Granzyme B. Using antibodies to deplete T cells prior to infection, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play distinct roles in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In the lungs, T cells play a minimal role in viral control with viral clearance occurring in the absence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through 28 days post-infection. In the nasal compartment, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not individually, results in persistent and culturable virus replicating in the nasal compartment through 28 days post-infection. Using in situ hybridization, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted in the nasal epithelial layer of tandem CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleted mice. Sequence analysis of virus isolates from persistently infected mice revealed mutations spanning across the genome, including a deletion in ORF6. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of T cells in controlling virus replication within the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Zhang J, Rissmann M, Kuiken T, Haagmans BL. Comparative Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:423-451. [PMID: 37832946 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052620-121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the world has witnessed the global spread of two genetically related highly pathogenic coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of these outbreaks differed significantly with respect to the hospitalizations and fatalities seen worldwide. While many studies have been performed recently on SARS-CoV-2, a comparative pathogenesis analysis with SARS-CoV may further provide critical insights into the mechanisms of disease that drive coronavirus-induced respiratory disease. In this review, we comprehensively describe clinical and experimental observations related to transmission and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV, focusing on human, animal, and in vitro studies. By deciphering the similarities and disparities of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, in terms of transmission and pathogenesis mechanisms, we offer insights into the divergent characteristics of these two viruses. This information may also be relevant to assessing potential novel introductions of genetically related highly pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Zhang
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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17
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Miller KK, Wang P, Grillet N. SUB-Immunogold-SEM reveals nanoscale distribution of submembranous epitopes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3876898. [PMID: 38343799 PMCID: PMC10854333 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3876898/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Electron microscopy paired with immunogold labeling is the most precise tool for protein localization. However, these methods are either cumbersome, resulting in small sample numbers and restricted quantification, or limited to identifying protein epitopes external to the membrane. Here, we introduce SUB-immunogold-SEM, a scanning electron microscopy technique that detects intracellular protein epitopes proximal to the membrane. We identified four critical sample preparation factors that contribute to the method's sensitivity and validate its efficacy through precise localization and high-powered quantification of cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins. We evaluated the capabilities of SUB-immunogold-SEM on cells with highly differentiated apical surfaces: (i) auditory hair cells, revealing the presence of nanoscale Myosin rings at the tip of stereocilia; and (ii) respiratory multiciliate cells, mapping the distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 along the motile cilia. SUB-immunogold-SEM provides a novel solution for nanoscale protein localization at the exposed surface of any cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine K. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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18
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Qi F, Cao Y, Shen Y, Wang H, Li D, Yang Q, Li Z, Zhang Z. Nasopharyngeal neutrophilic-retention signatures could predict disease progression in early SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29328. [PMID: 38146903 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The nasopharynx is the initial site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and neutrophils play a critical role in preventing viral transmission into the lower airways or lungs during the early phases of infection. However, neutrophil dynamics, functional signatures, and predictive roles in the nasopharynx of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, severe outcomes and healthy donors as controls. Over 32.7% of the differentially expressed genes associated with COVID-19 severity were neutrophil-related, including those involved in migration, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, and inflammasome activation. Multicohort single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed these findings and identified a population of neutrophils expressing Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in the nasopharynx. This population of neutrophils preferentially expressed pro-inflammatory genes relevant to phagosomal maturation as well as local reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production in the nasopharynx of patients with severe outcomes. A four-gene panel defined as a neutrophil signature associated with COVID-19 progression (NSAP) was identified as an early diagnostic predictor of severe COVID-19, which potentially distinguished severe patients from mild cases with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, or hepatitis B virus infection. NSAP is mainly expressed on CXCR4high neutrophils and exhibits a significant association with the cell fraction of this neutrophil population. This study highlights novel potential therapeutic targets or diagnostic tools for predicting patients at a higher risk of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Research and Application, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyin Cao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyun Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Research and Application, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Magaki S, Zhang T, Han K, Hilda M, Yong WH, Achim C, Fishbein G, Fishbein MC, Garner O, Salamon N, Williams CK, Valdes-Sueiras MA, Hsu JJ, Kelesidis T, Mathisen GE, Lavretsky H, Singer EJ, Vinters HV. HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2024; 5:5-5. [PMID: 38469363 PMCID: PMC10925920 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2024-5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause significant neurologic disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of HIV has been extensively studied, with well-documented invasion of HIV into the brain in the initial stage of infection, while the acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain are unclear. Neuropathologic features of active HIV infection in the brain are well characterized whereas neuropathologic findings in acute COVID-19 are largely non-specific. On the other hand, neuropathologic substrates of chronic dysfunction in both infections, as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and post-COVID conditions (PCC)/long COVID are unknown. Thus far, neuropathologic studies on patients with HAND in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy have been inconclusive, and autopsy studies on patients diagnosed with PCC have yet to be published. Further longitudinal, multidisciplinary studies on patients with HAND and PCC and neuropathologic studies in comparison to controls are warranted to help elucidate the mechanisms of CNS dysfunction in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Magaki
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Karam Han
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Mirbaha Hilda
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - William H. Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cristian Achim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K. Williams
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Miguel A. Valdes-Sueiras
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glenn E. Mathisen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elyse J. Singer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Mogitate M. Differences Between Patients With Chronic Epipharyngitis With and Without Previous COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2024; 16:e51543. [PMID: 38173949 PMCID: PMC10761321 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) is effective in patients with chronic epipharyngitis who previously had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study aimed to evaluate differences between patients with chronic epipharyngitis with (long COVID) or without a history of COVID-19 (non-long COVID). Methods This is a retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients who visited the Mogitate ENT Clinic in Kawasaki, Japan, for six months from March 2022. Results Patients with long COVID were significantly younger (p=0.018). Fatigue and brain fog were prevalent in patients with long COVID, whereas throat discomfort, postnasal drip, and sputum were more common in those with non-long COVID. Epipharyngeal endoscopic findings in patients with long COVID showed significantly higher scores (p<0.001) compared with patients with non-long COVID. Conclusions The primary differences between patients with long COVID and non-long COVID were age, symptoms, and severity scores of endoscopic findings. The EAT should be aggressively implemented in patients with chronic epipharyngitis with or without COVID-19 infection, as there is no reason not to treat a patient with a condition caused by COVID-19 infection.
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21
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Chae S, Park TJ, Kwon T. Convergent differentiation of multiciliated cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23028. [PMID: 38155158 PMCID: PMC10754865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) are epithelial cells that control body fluid flow and contribute to the clearance of pathogenic microbes and other particles from the airways, egg transport in oviducts, and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system. Although MCCs have shared functions to control fluid flow via coordinated motility of multiple ciliary structures, they are found in multiple mammalian tissues originating from distinct germ layers and differentiate via distinct developmental pathways. To understand the similarities and differences of MCCs in multiple tissues, we investigated single-cell transcriptome data of nasal epithelial cells, bronchial tubes, fallopian tubes, and ependymal cells in the subventricular zone from humans and mice by cross-species data integration. Expression of cilia-associated genes was indistinguishable between these MCCs, although cell populations had unique properties by the species and tissue, demonstrating that they share the same final differentiation status for ciliary functions. We further analyzed the final differentiation step of MCCs from their distinctive progenitors and confirmed their convergent gene set expression for ciliogenesis at the final step. These results may provide new insight into understanding ciliogenesis during the developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhyeok Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Shahbaz MA, Kuivanen S, Lampinen R, Mussalo L, Hron T, Závodná T, Ojha R, Krejčík Z, Saveleva L, Tahir NA, Kalapudas J, Koivisto AM, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Singh P, Topinka J, Vapalahti O, Chew S, Balistreri G, Kanninen KM. Human-derived air-liquid interface cultures decipher Alzheimer's disease-SARS-CoV-2 crosstalk in the olfactory mucosa. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38098019 PMCID: PMC10722731 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurological effects of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) raise concerns about potential long-term consequences, such as an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and other AD-associated pathologies are also suggested to increase the risk of serious SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia is a common neurological symptom reported in COVID-19 and in early AD. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is important for the perception of smell and a proposed site of viral entry to the brain. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection at the OM of individuals with AD. METHODS To address this gap, we established a 3D in vitro model of the OM from primary cells derived from cognitively healthy and AD individuals. We cultured the cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to study SARS-CoV-2 infection under controlled experimental conditions. Primary OM cells in ALI expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), and several other known SARS-CoV-2 receptor and were highly vulnerable to infection. Infection was determined by secreted viral RNA content and confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the infected cells by immunocytochemistry. Differential responses of healthy and AD individuals-derived OM cells to SARS-CoV-2 were determined by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Results indicate that cells derived from cognitively healthy donors and individuals with AD do not differ in susceptibility to infection with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, transcriptomic signatures in cells from individuals with AD are highly distinct. Specifically, the cells from AD patients that were infected with the virus showed increased levels of oxidative stress, desensitized inflammation and immune responses, and alterations to genes associated with olfaction. These results imply that individuals with AD may be at a greater risk of experiencing severe outcomes from the infection, potentially driven by pre-existing neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS The study sheds light on the interplay between AD pathology and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altered transcriptomic signatures in AD cells may contribute to unique symptoms and a more severe disease course, with a notable involvement of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to enhance outcomes for AD patients with viral infection. The study is crucial to better comprehend the relationship between AD, COVID-19, and anosmia. It highlights the importance of ongoing research to develop more effective treatments for those at high risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Mussalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ravi Ojha
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zdeněk Krejčík
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Numan Ahmad Tahir
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Kalapudas
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sweelin Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Balistreri
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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23
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Gartner MJ, Lee LYY, Mordant FL, Suryadinata R, Chen J, Robinson P, Polo JM, Subbarao K. Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) SARS-CoV-2 strains are dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the human respiratory tract. MED 2023; 4:944-955.e7. [PMID: 37769654 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in late 2021 and became the globally dominant variant by January 2022. Authentic virus and pseudovirus systems have shown Omicron spike has an increased dependence on the endosomal pathway for entry. METHODS We investigated the entry mechanisms of Omicron, Delta, and ancestral viruses in cell models that represent different parts of the human respiratory tract, including nasal epithelial cells (hNECs), large-airway epithelial cells (LAECs), small-airway epithelial cells, and embryonic stem cell-derived type II alveolar cells. FINDINGS Omicron had an early replication advantage in LAECs, while Delta grew to higher titers in all cells. Omicron maintained dependence on serine proteases for entry in all culture systems. While serine protease inhibition with camostat was less robust for Omicron in hNECs, endosomal entry was not enhanced. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that entry of Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the respiratory tract. FUNDING This work was supported by The Medical Research Future Fund (MRF9200007; K.S., J.M.P.) and the DHHS Victorian State Government grant (Victorian State Government; DJPR/COVID-19; K.S, J.M.P.). K.S. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Investigator grant (APP1177174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Randy Suryadinata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne at the Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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24
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Li M, Yuan Y, Zou T, Hou Z, Jin L, Wang B. Development trends of human organoid-based COVID-19 research based on bibliometric analysis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13496. [PMID: 37218396 PMCID: PMC10693193 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a catastrophic threat to human health worldwide. Human stem cell-derived organoids serve as a promising platform for exploring SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several review articles have summarized the application of human organoids in COVID-19, but the research status and development trend of this field have seldom been systematically and comprehensively studied. In this review, we use bibliometric analysis method to identify the characteristics of organoid-based COVID-19 research. First, an annual trend of publications and citations, the most contributing countries or regions and organizations, co-citation analysis of references and sources and research hotspots are determined. Next, systematical summaries of organoid applications in investigating the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine development and drug discovery, are provided. Lastly, the current challenges and future considerations of this field are discussed. The present study will provide an objective angle to identify the current trend and give novel insights for directing the future development of human organoid applications in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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25
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Zhou B, Zhou R, Chan JFW, Zeng J, Zhang Q, Yuan S, Liu L, Robinot R, Shan S, Liu N, Ge J, Kwong HYH, Zhou D, Xu H, Chan CCS, Poon VKM, Chu H, Yue M, Kwan KY, Chan CY, Chan CCY, Chik KKH, Du Z, Au KK, Huang H, Man HO, Cao J, Li C, Wang Z, Zhou J, Song Y, Yeung ML, To KKW, Ho DD, Chakrabarti LA, Wang X, Zhang L, Yuen KY, Chen Z. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks neutralizing dimeric IgA for nasal infection and injury in Syrian hamsters 1. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2245921. [PMID: 37542391 PMCID: PMC10444022 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2245921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in nasal turbinate (NT) requires in vivo evaluation of IgA neutralizing antibodies. Here, we report the efficacy of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monomeric B8-mIgA1 and B8-mIgA2, and dimeric B8-dIgA1, B8-dIgA2 and TH335-dIgA1 against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters. These antibodies exhibited comparable neutralization potency against authentic virus by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for RBD binding. While reducing viral loads in lungs significantly, prophylactic intranasal B8-dIgA unexpectedly led to high amount of infectious viruses and extended damage in NT compared to controls. Mechanistically, B8-dIgA failed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission, but was hijacked by the virus through dendritic cell-mediated trans-infection of NT epithelia leading to robust nasal infection. Cryo-EM further revealed B8 as a class II antibody binding trimeric RBDs in 3-up or 2-up/1-down conformation. Neutralizing dIgA, therefore, may engage an unexpected mode of SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Hainan-Medical University – The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, and Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Control of Chronic Viral Infections Group, Virus & Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Sisi Shan
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwan Ge
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hugo Yat-Hei Kwong
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yin Chan
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Du
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-Kit Au
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Haode Huang
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu-On Man
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianli Cao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A. Chakrabarti
- Control of Chronic Viral Infections Group, Virus & Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- NexVac Research Center, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Hainan-Medical University – The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, and Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China, and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Song R, Chen X, Li B, Ni J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liang X, Zou L, Liu J, Yang F, Li G, Guo X, Liu Z, Mao F, Lei C, Sui J, Li W, Jin R. Nasal spray of an IgM-like ACE2 fusion protein HH-120 prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection: Two investigator-initiated postexposure prophylaxis trials. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29275. [PMID: 38054556 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
HH-120, an IgM-like angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) fusion protein, has been developed as a nasal spray against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently undergoing human trials. HH-120 nasal spray was assessed for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in two investigator-initiated (NS01 and NS02) trials with different risk levels of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. NS01 enrolled family caregiver participants who had continuous contacts with laboratory-confirmed index cases; NS02 enrolled participants who had general contacts (Part 1) or close contacts (Part 2) with index cases. The primary endpoints were safety and laboratory-confirmed and/or symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. In NS01 trial (14 participants), the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were 25% in the HH-120 group and 83.3% in the external control group (relative risk reduction [RRR]: 70.0%). In NS02-Part 1 (193 participants), the infection rates were 4% (HH-120) versus 11.3% (placebo), symptomatic infection rates were 0.8% versus 3.5%, hence with a RRR of 64.6% and 77.1%, respectively. In Part 2 (76 participants), the infection rates were 17.1% (HH-120) versus 30.4% (placebo), symptomatic infection rates were 7.5% versus 27.3%, with a RRR of 43.8% and 72.5%, respectively. No HH-120-related serious adverse effects were observed. The HH-120 nasal spray used as PEP was safe and effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyou Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunao Zhou
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Juan Liu
- Huahui Health Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiaodi Guo
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cong Lei
- Huahui Health Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Wesselman HM, Arceri L, Nguyen TK, Lara CM, Wingert RA. Genetic mechanisms of multiciliated cell development: from fate choice to differentiation in zebrafish and other models. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 37997009 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCS) form bundles of cilia and their activities are essential for the proper development and physiology of many organ systems. Not surprisingly, defects in MCCs have profound consequences and are associated with numerous disease states. Here, we discuss the current understanding of MCC formation, with a special focus on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of MCC fate choice and differentiation. Furthermore, we cast a spotlight on the use of zebrafish to study MCC ontogeny and several recent advances made in understanding MCCs using this vertebrate model to delineate mechanisms of MCC emergence in the developing kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Arceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
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28
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Gelardi M, Fiore V, Giancaspro R, Di Canio FM, Fiorentino C, Patruno S, Ruzza A, Cassano M. General classification of rhinopaties: the need for standardization according to etiology and nasal cytology. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:4751-4758. [PMID: 37462742 PMCID: PMC10562500 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinitis is as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by high prevalence, widespread morbidity, and a significant financial burden on health care systems. Nevertheless, it is often considered as no more than a mere annoyance. This point of view has progressively led to underestimate and trivialize the disease. Therefore, there are numerous, mostly overlapping classifications of rhinopaties, but clear and standardized guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are still lacking. In the context of Precision Medicine, the development of a classification system focused on the endotypes of rhinitis to be widely adopted appears of utmost importance, also by virtue of study of the nasal immunophlogosis that, thanks to nasal cytology (NC), has recently allowed to better define the different forms of rhinitis, giving a new nosological dignity to several rhinopaties. AIM We aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding rhinitis and to propose a systematic classification of rhinitis, based on both etiology and cytological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gelardi
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - V Fiore
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - R Giancaspro
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - F M Di Canio
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Fiorentino
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Patruno
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Ruzza
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Cassano
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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29
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Vijaykumar K, Leung HM, Barrios A, Fernandez-Petty CM, Solomon GM, Hathorne HY, Wade JD, Monroe K, Slaten KB, Li Q, Leal SM, Moates DB, Pierce HM, Olson KR, Currier P, Foster S, Marsden D, Tearney GJ, Rowe SM. COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:592-595. [PMID: 38195114 PMCID: PMC10633845 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0177le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kadambari Vijaykumar
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Amilcar Barrios
- Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts
| | | | - George M. Solomon
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Justin D. Wade
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Kathryn Monroe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Katie Brand Slaten
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Qian Li
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Sixto M. Leal
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Kristian R. Olson
- Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts
- Healthcare Innovation PartnersBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Currier
- Healthcare Innovation PartnersBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Sam Foster
- Healthcare Innovation PartnersBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Doug Marsden
- Healthcare Innovation PartnersBoston, Massachusetts
- ELEVEN, LLCBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterBirmingham, Alabama
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30
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Miyashita L, Foley G, Semple S, Gibbons JM, Pade C, McKnight Á, Grigg J. Curbside particulate matter and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100141. [PMID: 37781647 PMCID: PMC10509961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Biologic plausibility for the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity in epidemiologic studies has not been determined. The upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry receptor on host cells, by PM10 is a putative mechanism. Objective We sought to assess the effect of PM10 on SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells in vitro. Methods PM10 from the curbside of London's Marylebone Road and from exhaust emissions was collected by cyclone. A549 cells, human primary nasal epithelial cells (HPNEpCs), SARS-CoV-2-susceptible Vero-E6 and Calu3 cells were cultured with PM10. ACE2 expression (as determined by median fluorescent intensity) was assessed by flow cytometry, and ACE2 mRNA transcript level was assessed by PCR. The role of oxidative stress was determined by N-acetyl cysteine. The cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 (percentage of infection enhancement) and expression of SARS-CoV-2 genes' open reading frame (ORF) 1ab, S protein, and N protein (focus-forming units/mL) were assessed in Vero-E6 cells. Data were analyzed by either the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn multiple comparisons test. Results Curbside PM10 at concentrations of 10 μg/mL or more increased ACE2 expression in A549 cells (P = .0021). Both diesel PM10 and curbside PM10 in a concentration of 10 μg/mL increased ACE2 expression in HPNEpCs (P = .0022 and P = .0072, respectively). ACE2 expression simulated by curbside PM10 was attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine in HPNEpCs (P = .0464). Curbside PM10 increased ACE2 expression in Calu3 cells (P = .0256). In Vero-E6 cells, curbside PM10 increased ACE2 expression (P = .0079), ACE2 transcript level (P = .0079), SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect (P = .0002), and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 genes' ORF1ab, S protein, and N protein (P = .0079). Conclusions Curbside PM10 increases susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 infection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miyashita
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Foley
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Lécuyer D, Nardacci R, Tannous D, Gutierrez-Mateyron E, Deva Nathan A, Subra F, Di Primio C, Quaranta P, Petit V, Richetta C, Mostefa-Kara A, Del Nonno F, Falasca L, Marlin R, Maisonnasse P, Delahousse J, Pascaud J, Deprez E, Naigeon M, Chaput N, Paci A, Saada V, Ghez D, Mariette X, Costa M, Pistello M, Allouch A, Delelis O, Piacentini M, Le Grand R, Perfettini JL. The purinergic receptor P2X7 and the NLRP3 inflammasome are druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270081. [PMID: 37920468 PMCID: PMC10619763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulate inflammation and viral infection, but their effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the purinergic receptor P2X7 and NLRP3 inflammasome are cellular host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung autopsies from patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveal that NLRP3 expression is increased in host cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 including alveolar macrophages, type II pneumocytes and syncytia arising from the fusion of infected macrophages, thus suggesting a potential role of NLRP3 and associated signaling pathways to both inflammation and viral replication. In vitro studies demonstrate that NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation is detected upon macrophage abortive infection. More importantly, a weak activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also detected during the early steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells and promotes the viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, the purinergic receptor P2X7, which is known to control NLRP3 inflammasome activation, also favors the replication of D614G and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected relationship between the purinergic receptor P2X7, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection that offers novel opportunities for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Lécuyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Désirée Tannous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Emie Gutierrez-Mateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélia Deva Nathan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Subra
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristina Di Primio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1274, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ali Mostefa-Kara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julia Delahousse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, CNRS, Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Villejuif, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Saada
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - David Ghez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Pisano Ricerca e Implementazione Clinical Flash Radiotherapy "CPFR@CISUP", "S. Chiara" Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Virology Operative Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
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Rotrosen E, Kupper TS. Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:655-665. [PMID: 37002288 PMCID: PMC10064963 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have been a hugely successful public health intervention, virtually eliminating many once common diseases of childhood. However, they have had less success in controlling endemic pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpesviruses and HIV. A focus on vaccine-mediated generation of neutralizing antibodies, which has been a successful approach for some pathogens, has been complicated by the emergence of escape variants, which has been seen for pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well as for HIV-1. We discuss how vaccination strategies aimed at generating a broad and robust T cell response may offer superior protection against pathogens, particularly those that have been observed to mutate rapidly. In particular, we consider here how a focus on generating resident memory T cells may be uniquely effective for providing immunity to pathogens that typically infect (or become reactivated in) the skin, respiratory mucosa or other barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rotrosen
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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An Y, He Y, Ge N, Guo J, Yang F, Sun S. Organoids to Remodel SARS-CoV-2 Research: Updates, Limitations and Perspectives. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1677-1699. [PMID: 37196111 PMCID: PMC10529756 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant threat to human health. Scientists have made significant efforts to control this virus, consequently leading to the development of novel research methods. Traditional animal and 2D cell line models might not be suitable for large-scale applications in SARS-CoV-2 research owing to their limitations. As an emerging modelling method, organoids have been applied in the study of various diseases. Their advantages include their ability to closely mirror human physiology, ease of cultivation, low cost, and high reliability; thus, they are considered to be a suitable choice to further the research on SARS-CoV-2. During the course of various studies, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to infect a variety of organoid models, exhibiting changes similar to those observed in humans. This review summarises the various organoid models used in SARS-CoV-2 research, revealing the molecular mechanisms of viral infection and exploring the drug screening tests and vaccine research that have relied on organoid models, hence illustrating the role of organoids in remodelling SARS-CoV-2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cheng Z, Cai Y, Zhang K, Zhang J, Gui H, Luo YS, Zhou J, DeVeale B. MAP3K19 regulatory variation in populations with African ancestry may increase COVID-19 severity. iScience 2023; 26:107555. [PMID: 37649700 PMCID: PMC10462844 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify ancestry-linked genetic risk variants associated with COVID-19 hospitalization, we performed an integrative analysis of two genome-wide association studies and resolved four single nucleotide polymorphisms more frequent in COVID-19-hospitalized patients with non-European ancestry. Among them, the COVID-19 risk SNP rs16831827 shows the largest difference in minor allele frequency (MAF) between populations with African and European ancestry and also shows higher MAF in hospitalized COVID-19 patients among cohorts of mixed ancestry (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30) and entirely African ancestry (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67). rs16831827 is an expression quantitative trait locus of MAP3K19. MAP3K19 expression is induced during ciliogenesis and most abundant in ciliated tissues including lungs. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that MAP3K19 is highly expressed in multiple ciliated cell types. As rs16831827∗T is associated with reduced MAP3K19 expression, it may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 by reducing MAP3K19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Cheng
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Behavioral Health Services and Psychiatry Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Yu-Si Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Brian DeVeale
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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Potashnikova DM, Sotnikova TN, Shirokova OM, Zayratyants OV, Vasilieva EY, Sheval EV. Cilia impairment in bronchial epithelial cells detected in autopsy material of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:382-387. [PMID: 37306223 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2222167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cilia impairment, accompanied by the axonema loss and the basal body misorientation, is a common pathological feature of SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells. However, these data were obtained using either cultured cells, or animal models, while in human postmortem material, cilia impairment has not been described yet. Here, we present direct observation of cilia impairment in SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells using transmission electron microscopy of the autopsy material. We were able to observe only single infected cells with cilia impairment in one of twelve examined specimens, while the large number of desquamated bronchial epithelial cells with undisturbed ciliary layer was visible in the bronchial lumens. Thus, it seems that in the lungs of infected patients, the majority of bronchial cells do not die as a direct result of infection, which may explain the rarity of this finding in the autopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Sotnikova
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya M Shirokova
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oleg V Zayratyants
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Vasilieva
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Ramasamy R. Overview of immunological & virological factors driving the evolution & global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:257-268. [PMID: 37815068 PMCID: PMC10720969 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2591_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2, a highly infectious positive strand RNA virus first identified in December 2019, has produced multiple genetic variants that have rapidly and sequentially spread worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Genetic changes in SARS-CoV-2 for greater infectivity, replication and transmission were selected during the early stages of the pandemic. More recently, after widespread infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade antigen-specific adaptive immunity, have begun to be selected. This article provides an overview of the molecular immunological and virological factors underlying the origin and global spread of important SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages.
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Deniz Derman I, Yeo M, Castaneda DC, Callender M, Horvath M, Mo Z, Xiong R, Fleming E, Chen P, Peeples ME, Palucka K, Oh J, Ozbolat IT. High-throughput bioprinting of the nasal epithelium using patient-derived nasal epithelial cells. Biofabrication 2023; 15:044103. [PMID: 37536321 PMCID: PMC10424246 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aced23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) are an essential cell source for the reconstruction of the respiratory pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of multiple cell types in the context of infection studies and disease modeling. Hitherto, manual seeding has been the dominant method for creating nasal epithelial tissue models through biofabrication. However, this approach has limitations in terms of achieving the intricate three-dimensional (3D) structure of the natural nasal epithelium. 3D bioprinting has been utilized to reconstruct various epithelial tissue models, such as cutaneous, intestinal, alveolar, and bronchial epithelium, but there has been no attempt to use of 3D bioprinting technologies for reconstruction of the nasal epithelium. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate the reconstruction of the nasal epithelium with the use of primary hNECs deposited on Transwell inserts via droplet-based bioprinting (DBB), which enabled high-throughput fabrication of the nasal epithelium in Transwell inserts of 24-well plates. DBB of progenitor hNECs ranging from one-tenth to one-half of the cell seeding density employed during the conventional cell seeding approach enabled a high degree of differentiation with the presence of cilia and tight-junctions over a 4 weeks air-liquid interface culture. Single cell RNA sequencing of these cultures identified five major epithelial cells populations, including basal, suprabasal, goblet, club, and ciliated cells. These cultures recapitulated the pseudostratified columnar epithelial architecture present in the native nasal epithelium and were permissive to respiratory virus infection. These results denote the potential of 3D bioprinting for high-throughput fabrication of nasal epithelial tissue models not only for infection studies but also for other purposes, such as disease modeling, immunological studies, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Miji Yeo
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | | | - Megan Callender
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Mian Horvath
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Zengshuo Mo
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Ruoyun Xiong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fleming
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Phylip Chen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Birkhead M, Otido S, Mabaso T, Mopeli K, Tlhapi D, Verwey C, Dangor Z. Ultrastructure for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in South Africa, a resource-limited setting. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1247638. [PMID: 37645034 PMCID: PMC10461090 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1247638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction International guidelines recommend a multi-faceted approach for successful diagnoses of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). In the absence of a gold standard test, a combination of genetic testing/microscopic analysis of structure and function/nasal nitric oxide measurement is used. In resource-limited settings, often none of the above tests are available, and in South Africa, only transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is available in central anatomical pathology departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and ultrastructural findings of suspected PCD cases managed by pediatric pulmonologists at a tertiary-level state funded hospital in Johannesburg. Methods Nasal brushings were taken from 14 children with chronic respiratory symptoms in keeping with a PCD phenotype. Ultrastructural analysis in accordance with the international consensus guidelines for TEM-PCD diagnostic reporting was undertaken. Results TEM observations confirmed 43% (6) of the clinically-suspected cases (hallmark ultrastructural defects in the dynein arms of the outer doublets), whilst 57% (8) required another PCD testing modality to support ultrastructural observations. Of these, 25% (2) had neither ultrastructural defects nor did they present with bronchiectasis. Of the remaining cases, 83% (5) had very few ciliated cells (all of which were sparsely ciliated), together with goblet cell hyperplasia. There was the apparent absence of ciliary rootlets in 17% (1) case. Discussion In resource-limited settings in which TEM is the only available testing modality, confirmatory and probable diagnoses of PCD can be made to facilitate early initiation of treatment of children with chronic respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Birkhead
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases – a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samuel Otido
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Theodore Mabaso
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Keketso Mopeli
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dorcas Tlhapi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charl Verwey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Xiong G, Bekiranov S, Zhang A. ProtoCell4P: an explainable prototype-based neural network for patient classification using single-cell RNA-seq. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad493. [PMID: 37540223 PMCID: PMC10444962 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The rapid advance in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology over the past decade has provided a rich resource of gene expression profiles of single cells measured on patients, facilitating the study of many biological questions at the single-cell level. One intriguing research is to study the single cells which play critical roles in the phenotypes of patients, which has the potential to identify those cells and genes driving the disease phenotypes. To this end, deep learning models are expected to well encode the single-cell information and achieve precise prediction of patients' phenotypes using scRNA-seq data. However, we are facing critical challenges in designing deep learning models for classifying patient samples due to (i) the samples collected in the same dataset contain a variable number of cells-some samples might only have hundreds of cells sequenced while others could have thousands of cells, and (ii) the number of samples available is typically small and the expression profile of each cell is noisy and extremely high-dimensional. Moreover, the black-box nature of existing deep learning models makes it difficult for the researchers to interpret the models and extract useful knowledge from them. RESULTS We propose a prototype-based and cell-informed model for patient phenotype classification, termed ProtoCell4P, that can alleviate problems of the sample scarcity and the diverse number of cells by leveraging the cell knowledge with representatives of cells (called prototypes), and precisely classify the patients by adaptively incorporating information from different cells. Moreover, this classification process can be explicitly interpreted by identifying the key cells for decision making and by further summarizing the knowledge of cell types to unravel the biological nature of the classification. Our approach is explainable at the single-cell resolution which can identify the key cells in each patient's classification. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can effectively deal with patient classifications using single-cell data and outperforms the existing approaches. Furthermore, our approach is able to uncover the association between cell types and biological classes of interest from a data-driven perspective. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/Teddy-XiongGZ/ProtoCell4P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Xiong
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Li C, Wang C, Xie HY, Huang L. Cell-Based Biomaterials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300404. [PMID: 36977465 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health, economic development, and national security. Although many vaccines and drugs have been explored to fight against the major pandemic, their efficacy and safety still need to be improved. Cell-based biomaterials, especially living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, offer great potential in preventing and treating COVID-19 owing to their versatility and unique biological functions. In this review, the characteristics and functions of cell-based biomaterials and their biological applications in COVID-19 prevention and therapy are described. First the pathological features of COVID-19 are summarized, providing enlightenment on how to fight against COVID-19. Next, the classification, organization structure, characteristics, and functions of cell-based biomaterials are focused on. Finally, the progress of cell-based biomaterials in overcoming COVID-19 in different aspects, including the prevention of viral infection, inhibition of viral proliferation, anti-inflammation, tissue repair, and alleviation of lymphopenia are comprehensively described. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Doni Jayavelu N, Altman MC, Benson B, Dufort MJ, Vanderwall ER, Rich LM, White MP, Becker PM, Togias A, Jackson DJ, Debley JS. Type 2 inflammation reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelium in allergic asthma through functional alteration of ciliated epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:56-67. [PMID: 37001649 PMCID: PMC10052850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite well-known susceptibilities to other respiratory viral infections, individuals with allergic asthma have shown reduced susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE We sought to identify mechanisms whereby type 2 inflammation in the airway protects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by using bronchial airway epithelial cells (AECs) from aeroallergen-sensitized children with asthma and healthy nonsensitized children. METHODS We measured SARS-CoV-2 replication and ACE2 protein and performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of ex vivo infected AEC samples with SARS-CoV-2 infection and with or without IL-13 treatment. RESULTS We observed that viral replication was lower in AECs from children with allergic asthma than those from in healthy nonsensitized children and that IL-13 treatment reduced viral replication only in children with allergic asthma and not in healthy children. Lower viral transcript levels were associated with a downregulation of functional pathways of the ciliated epithelium related to differentiation as well as cilia and axoneme production and function, rather than lower ACE2 expression or increases in goblet cells or mucus secretion pathways. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing identified specific subsets of relatively undifferentiated ciliated epithelium (which are common in allergic asthma and highly responsive to IL-13) that directly accounted for impaired viral replication. CONCLUSION Our results identify a novel mechanism of innate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in allergic asthma that provides important molecular and clinical insights during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Doni Jayavelu
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Basilin Benson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Elizabeth R Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
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Hu X, Yue X, Wu C, Zhang X. Factors affecting nasal drug delivery and design strategies for intranasal drug delivery. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:328-337. [PMID: 37476944 PMCID: PMC10412955 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery system is a non-invasive drug delivery route with the advantages of no first-pass effect, rapid effect and brain targeting. It is a feasible alternative to drug delivery via injection, and a potential drug delivery route for the central nervous system. However, the nasal physiological environment is complex, and the nasal delivery system requires "integration of medicine and device". Its delivery efficiency is affected by many factors such as the features and formulations of drug, delivery devices and nasal cavity physiology. Some strategies have been designed to improve the solubility, stability, membrane permeability and nasal retention time of drugs. These include the use of prodrugs, adding enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers to preparations, and new drug carriers, which can eventually improve the efficiency of intranasal drug delivery. This article reviews recent publications and describes the above mentioned aspects and design strategies for nasal intranasal drug delivery systems to provide insights for the development of intranasal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300462, China.
| | - Xiao Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Diray-Arce J, Fourati S, Doni Jayavelu N, Patel R, Maguire C, Chang AC, Dandekar R, Qi J, Lee BH, van Zalm P, Schroeder A, Chen E, Konstorum A, Brito A, Gygi JP, Kho A, Chen J, Pawar S, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Hoch A, Milliren CE, Overton JA, Westendorf K, Cairns CB, Rouphael N, Bosinger SE, Kim-Schulze S, Krammer F, Rosen L, Grubaugh ND, van Bakel H, Wilson M, Rajan J, Steen H, Eckalbar W, Cotsapas C, Langelier CR, Levy O, Altman MC, Maecker H, Montgomery RR, Haddad EK, Sekaly RP, Esserman D, Ozonoff A, Becker PM, Augustine AD, Guan L, Peters B, Kleinstein SH. Multi-omic longitudinal study reveals immune correlates of clinical course among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101079. [PMID: 37327781 PMCID: PMC10203880 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The IMPACC cohort, composed of >1,000 hospitalized COVID-19 participants, contains five illness trajectory groups (TGs) during acute infection (first 28 days), ranging from milder (TG1-3) to more severe disease course (TG4) and death (TG5). Here, we report deep immunophenotyping, profiling of >15,000 longitudinal blood and nasal samples from 540 participants of the IMPACC cohort, using 14 distinct assays. These unbiased analyses identify cellular and molecular signatures present within 72 h of hospital admission that distinguish moderate from severe and fatal COVID-19 disease. Importantly, cellular and molecular states also distinguish participants with more severe disease that recover or stabilize within 28 days from those that progress to fatal outcomes (TG4 vs. TG5). Furthermore, our longitudinal design reveals that these biologic states display distinct temporal patterns associated with clinical outcomes. Characterizing host immune responses in relation to heterogeneity in disease course may inform clinical prognosis and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Slim Fourati
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Ravi Patel
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Cole Maguire
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ana C Chang
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian H Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Schroeder
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Ernie Chen
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alvin Kho
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Annmarie Hoch
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Charles B Cairns
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lindsey Rosen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jayant Rajan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter Eckalbar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Al Ozonoff
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alison D Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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44
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Rathore APS, St John AL. Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:4042-4049. [PMID: 37045682 PMCID: PMC10083204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, COVID-19 vaccines are given intramuscularly and they have been shown to evoke systemic immune responses that are highly efficacious towards preventing severe disease and death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes within a short time, and booster doses are currently recommended. Furthermore, current vaccine formulations do not adequately restrict virus infection at the mucosal sites, such as in the nasopharyngeal tract and, therefore, have limited capacity to block virus transmission. With these challenges in mind, several mucosal vaccines are currently being developed with the aim of inducing long-lasting protective immune responses at the mucosal sites where SARS-COV-2 infection begins. Past successes in mucosal vaccinations underscore the potential of these developmental stage SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to reduce disease burden, if not eliminate it altogether. Here, we discuss immune responses that are triggered at the mucosal sites and recent advances in our understanding of mucosal responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and current COVID-19 vaccines. We also highlight several mucosal SARS-COV-2 vaccine formulations that are currently being developed or tested for human use and discuss potential challenges to mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Ashley L St John
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore.
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45
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Huijghebaert S, Parviz S, Rabago D, Baxter A, Chatterjee U, Khan FR, Fabbris C, Poulas K, Hsu S. Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161881. [PMID: 37397736 PMCID: PMC10312243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional COVID-19 mitigation strategies are needed. Oral and nasal saline irrigation (SI) is a traditional approach for respiratory infections/diseases. As a multidisciplinary network with expertise/experience with saline, we conducted a narrative review to examine mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes associated with nasal SI, gargling, spray, or nebulization in COVID-19. SI was found to reduce SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal loads and hasten viral clearance. Other mechanisms may involve inhibition of viral replication, bioaerosol reduction, improved mucociliary clearance, modulation of ENaC, and neutrophil responses. Prophylaxis was documented adjunctive to personal protective equipment. COVID-19 patients experienced significant symptom relief, while overall data suggest lower hospitalization risk. We found no harm and hence recommend SI use, as safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-use hygiene measure, complementary to hand washing or mask-wearing. In view of mainly small studies, large well-controlled or surveillance studies can help to further validate the outcomes and to implement its use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehzad Parviz
- Medstar Health, Brooke Grove Rehabilitation Village, Sandy Spring, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease, Adventist Healthcare, White Oak Medical Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David Rabago
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Amy Baxter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Uday Chatterjee
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Park Medical Research and Welfare Society, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Stephen Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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46
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Low Z, Lani R, Tiong V, Poh C, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P. COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119589. [PMID: 37298539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and management are now considerably regulated, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still one of the leading causes of death in 2022. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines, FDA-approved antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies in low-income countries still poses an issue to be addressed. Natural products, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and medicinal plant extracts (or their active component), have challenged the dominance of drug repurposing and synthetic compound libraries in COVID-19 therapeutics. Their abundant resources and excellent antiviral performance make natural products a relatively cheap and readily available alternative for COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, we deliberately review the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of the natural products, their potency (pharmacological profiles), and application strategies for COVID-19 intervention. In light of their advantages, this review is intended to acknowledge the potential of natural products as COVID-19 therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Vunjia Tiong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chitlaa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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47
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Chiu MC, Zhang S, Li C, Liu X, Yu Y, Huang J, Wan Z, Zhu X, Zhou J. Apical-Out Human Airway Organoids Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051166. [PMID: 37243252 DOI: 10.3390/v15051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium, particularly the airway epithelium, is the primary infection site for respiratory pathogens. The apical surface of epithelial cells is constantly exposed to external stimuli including invading pathogens. Efforts have been made to establish organoid cultures to recapitulate the human respiratory tract. However, a robust and simple model with an easily accessible apical surface would benefit respiratory research. Here, we report the generation and characterization of apical-out airway organoids from the long-term expandable lung organoids that we previously established. The apical-out airway organoids morphologically and functionally recapitulated the human airway epithelium at a comparable level to the apical-in airway organoids. Moreover, apical-out airway organoids sustained productive and multicycle replication of SARS-CoV-2, and accurately recapitulated the higher infectivity and replicative fitness of the Omicron variants BA.5 and B.1.1.529 and an ancestral virus. In conclusion, we established a physiologically relevant and convenient apical-out airway organoid model for studying respiratory biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixin Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
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48
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Petersen E, Chudakova D, Erdyneeva D, Zorigt D, Shabalina E, Gudkov D, Karalkin P, Reshetov I, Mynbaev OA. COVID-19-The Shift of Homeostasis into Oncopathology or Chronic Fibrosis in Terms of Female Reproductive System Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108579. [PMID: 37239926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus remains a global public health concern due to the systemic nature of the infection and its long-term consequences, many of which remain to be elucidated. SARS-CoV-2 targets endothelial cells and blood vessels, altering the tissue microenvironment, its secretion, immune-cell subpopulations, the extracellular matrix, and the molecular composition and mechanical properties. The female reproductive system has high regenerative potential, but can accumulate damage, including due to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is profibrotic and can change the tissue microenvironment toward an oncogenic niche. This makes COVID-19 and its consequences one of the potential regulators of a homeostasis shift toward oncopathology and fibrosis in the tissues of the female reproductive system. We are looking at SARS-CoV-2-induced changes at all levels in the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petersen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daria Chudakova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daiana Erdyneeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dulamsuren Zorigt
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Denis Gudkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Pavel Karalkin
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ospan A Mynbaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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49
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Lotti V, Lagni A, Diani E, Sorio C, Gibellini D. Crosslink between SARS-CoV-2 replication and cystic fibrosis hallmarks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162470. [PMID: 37250046 PMCID: PMC10213757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause severe illness in certain at-risk populations, including people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Nevertheless, several studies indicated that pwCF do not have higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor do they demonstrate worse clinical outcomes than those of the general population. Recent in vitro studies indicate cellular and molecular processes to be significant drivers in pwCF lower infection rates and milder symptoms than expected in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These range from cytokine releases to biochemical alterations leading to morphological rearrangements inside the cells associated with CFTR impairment. Based on available data, the reported low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pwCF is likely a result of several variables linked to CFTR dysfunction, such as thick mucus, IL-6 reduction, altered ACE2 and TMPRSS2 processing and/or functioning, defective anions exchange, and autophagosome formation. An extensive analysis of the relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pwCF is essential to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this lower-than-expected infection impact and to possibly suggest potential new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Lagni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erica Diani
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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50
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Fiorillo Moreno O, Zarate Peñata E, Calderon-Villalba A, Pacheco Lugo L, Acosta Hoyos A, Villarreal Camacho JL, Navarro Quiroz R, Pacheco Londoño L, Aroca Martinez G, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F, Navarro Quiroz E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098290. [PMID: 37175995 PMCID: PMC10179575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Eloina Zarate Peñata
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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