1
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Al Hosani FI, Kim L, Khudhair A, Pham H, Al Mulla M, Al Bandar Z, Pradeep K, Elkheir KA, Weber S, Khoury M, Donnelly G, Younis N, El Saleh F, Abdalla M, Imambaccus H, Haynes LM, Thornburg NJ, Harcourt JL, Miao C, Tamin A, Hall AJ, Russell ES, Harris AM, Kiebler C, Mir RA, Pringle K, Alami NN, Abedi GR, Gerber SI. Serologic Follow-up of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Cases and Contacts-Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:409-418. [PMID: 29905769 PMCID: PMC7108211 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there is evidence of person-to-person transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in household and healthcare settings, more data are needed to describe and better understand the risk factors and transmission routes in both settings, as well as the extent to which disease severity affects transmission. Methods A seroepidemiological investigation was conducted among MERS-CoV case patients (cases) and their household contacts to investigate transmission risk in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Cases diagnosed between 1 January 2013 and 9 May 2014 and their household contacts were approached for enrollment. Demographic, clinical, and exposure history data were collected. Sera were screened by MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence, with results confirmed by microneutralization assay. Results Thirty-one of 34 (91%) case patients were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and did not require oxygen during hospitalization. MERS-CoV antibodies were detected in 13 of 24 (54%) case patients with available sera, including 1 severely symptomatic, 9 mildly symptomatic, and 3 asymptomatic case patients. No serologic evidence of MERS-CoV transmission was found among 105 household contacts with available sera. Conclusions Transmission of MERS-CoV was not documented in this investigation of mostly asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases and their household contacts. These results have implications for clinical management of cases and formulation of isolation policies to reduce the risk of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Huong Pham
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Weber
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mary Khoury
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Donnelly
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naima Younis
- Department of Health-Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda El Saleh
- Department of Health-Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Abdalla
- Department of Health-Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hala Imambaccus
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Harcourt
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Congrong Miao
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Azaibi Tamin
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aron J Hall
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth S Russell
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aaron M Harris
- United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Kiebler
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roger A Mir
- Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimberly Pringle
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Negar N Alami
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Glen R Abedi
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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2
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Ogee-Nwankwo A, Opare D, Boateng G, Nyaku M, Haynes LM, Balajee SA, Conklin L, Icenogle JP, Rota PA, Waku-Kouomou D. Assessment of National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana, within Framework of Global Health Security. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23. [PMID: 29155650 PMCID: PMC5711297 DOI: 10.3201/eid2313.170372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Second Year of Life project of the Global Health Security Agenda aims to improve immunization systems and strengthen measles and rubella surveillance, including building laboratory capacity. A new laboratory assessment tool was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the national laboratory in Ghana to improve molecular surveillance for measles and rubella. Results for the tool showed that the laboratory is well organized, has a good capacity for handling specimens, has a good biosafety system, and is proficient for diagnosis of measles and rubella by serologic analysis. However, there was little knowledge about molecular biology and virology activities (i.e., virus isolation on tissue culture was not available). Recommendations included training of technical personnel for molecular techniques and advocacy for funding for laboratory equipment, reagents, and supplies.
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3
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Harcourt JL, Rudoler N, Tamin A, Leshem E, Rasis M, Giladi M, Haynes LM. The prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibodies in dromedary camels in Israel. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:749-754. [PMID: 29855166 PMCID: PMC6274617 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS‐CoV, was identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and as of January 29, 2018, there were 2,123 laboratory‐confirmed MERS‐CoV cases reported to WHO (WHO, 2018, https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). Multiple studies suggest that dromedary camels are a source for human MERS‐CoV infection. MERS‐CoV‐specific antibodies have been detected in the serum of dromedary camels across Northern Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula. Israel's geographic location places Israel at risk for MERS‐CoV infection. To date, MERS‐CoV‐related illness has not been reported and the burden of MERS‐CoV infection in the Israeli population is unknown. The seroprevalence of MERS‐CoV‐specific antibodies in Israeli dromedary camels is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MERS‐CoV seropositivity in dromedary camels in Israel. The prevalence of MERS‐CoV antibodies in Israeli camels was examined in 71 camel sera collected from four farms across Israel by MERS‐CoV‐specific microneutralization (Mnt) assay and confirmed by MERS‐CoV‐specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Although this study cannot rule out potential antibody cross‐reactivity by IFA, the presence of bovine coronavirus‐specific antibodies do not appear to impact detection of MERS‐CoV antibodies by Mnt. MERS‐CoV neutralizing antibodies were detectable in 51 (71.8%) camel sera, and no association was observed between the presence of neutralizing antibodies and camel age or gender. These findings extend the known range of MERS‐CoV circulation in Middle Eastern camels. The high rate of MERS‐CoV‐specific antibody seropositivity in dromedary camels in the absence of any reported human MERS cases suggests that there is still much to be learned about the dynamics of camel‐to‐human transmission of MERS‐CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harcourt
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nir Rudoler
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Azaibi Tamin
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eyal Leshem
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michal Rasis
- Bernard Pridan Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Giladi
- Bernard Pridan Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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4
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Caidi H, Miao C, Thornburg NJ, Tripp RA, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G monoclonal antibodies reduce lung inflammation and viral lung titers when delivered therapeutically in a BALB/c mouse model. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:149-157. [PMID: 29678551 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RSV continues to be a high priority for vaccine and antiviral drug development. Unfortunately, no safe and effective RSV vaccine is available and treatment options are limited. Over the past decade, several studies have focused on the role of RSV G protein on viral entry, viral neutralization, and RSV-mediated pathology. Anti-G murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 131-2G treatment has been previously shown to reduce weight loss, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell number, airway reactivity, and Th2-type cytokine production in RSV-infected mice more rapidly than a commercial humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against RSV F protein (Palivizumab). In this study, we have tested two human anti-RSV G mAbs, 2B11 and 3D3, by both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for RSV in the BALB/c mouse model. Both anti-G mAbs reduced viral load, leukocyte infiltration and IFN-γ and IL-4 expression in cell-free BAL supernatants emphasizing the potential of anti-G mAbs as anti-inflammatory and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Caidi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Congrong Miao
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Al Hosani FI, Pringle K, Al Mulla M, Kim L, Pham H, Alami NN, Khudhair A, Hall AJ, Aden B, El Saleh F, Al Dhaheri W, Al Bandar Z, Bunga S, Abou Elkheir K, Tao Y, Hunter JC, Nguyen D, Turner A, Pradeep K, Sasse J, Weber S, Tong S, Whitaker BL, Haynes LM, Curns A, Gerber SI. Response to Emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1162-8. [PMID: 27314227 PMCID: PMC4918155 DOI: 10.3201/eid2207.160040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that this virus may be detected in mildly ill and asymptomatic case-patients. In January 2013, several months after Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, began surveillance for MERS-CoV. We analyzed medical chart and laboratory data collected by the Health Authority–Abu Dhabi during January 2013–May 2014. Using real-time reverse transcription PCR, we tested respiratory tract samples for MERS-CoV and identified 65 case-patients. Of these patients, 23 (35%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing, and 4 (6%) showed positive test results for >3 weeks (1 had severe symptoms and 3 had mild symptoms). We also identified 6 clusters of MERS-CoV cases. This report highlights the potential for virus shedding by mildly ill and asymptomatic case-patients. These findings will be useful for MERS-CoV management and infection prevention strategies.
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6
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Hunter JC, Nguyen D, Aden B, Al Bandar Z, Al Dhaheri W, Abu Elkheir K, Khudair A, Al Mulla M, El Saleh F, Imambaccus H, Al Kaabi N, Sheikh FA, Sasse J, Turner A, Abdel Wareth L, Weber S, Al Ameri A, Abu Amer W, Alami NN, Bunga S, Haynes LM, Hall AJ, Kallen AJ, Kuhar D, Pham H, Pringle K, Tong S, Whitaker BL, Gerber SI, Al Hosani FI. Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Healthcare Settings, Abu Dhabi. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:647-56. [PMID: 26981708 PMCID: PMC4806977 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and adherence to infection prevention recommendations are necessary to avoid transmission. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections sharply increased in the Arabian Peninsula during spring 2014. In Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, these infections occurred primarily among healthcare workers and patients. To identify and describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of persons with healthcare-associated infection, we reviewed laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to the Health Authority of Abu Dhabi during January 1, 2013–May 9, 2014. Of 65 case-patients identified with MERS-CoV infection, 27 (42%) had healthcare-associated cases. Epidemiologic and genetic sequencing findings suggest that 3 healthcare clusters of MERS-CoV infection occurred, including 1 that resulted in 20 infected persons in 1 hospital. MERS-CoV in healthcare settings spread predominantly before MERS-CoV infection was diagnosed, underscoring the importance of increasing awareness and infection control measures at first points of entry to healthcare facilities.
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7
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Payne DC, Iblan I, Rha B, Alqasrawi S, Haddadin A, Al Nsour M, Alsanouri T, Ali SS, Harcourt J, Miao C, Tamin A, Gerber SI, Haynes LM, Al Abdallat MM. Persistence of Antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1824-6. [PMID: 27332149 PMCID: PMC5038413 DOI: 10.3201/eid2210.160706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine how long antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus persist, we measured long-term antibody responses among persons serologically positive or indeterminate after a 2012 outbreak in Jordan. Antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, were detectable in 6 (86%) of 7 persons for at least 34 months after the outbreak.
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8
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Arwady MA, Alraddadi B, Basler C, Azhar EI, Abuelzein E, Sindy AI, Sadiq BMB, Althaqafi AO, Shabouni O, Banjar A, Haynes LM, Gerber SI, Feikin DR, Madani TA. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmission in Extended Family, Saudi Arabia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1395-402. [PMID: 27191038 PMCID: PMC4982159 DOI: 10.3201/eid2208.152015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Casual contact was not associated with transmission, and serologic methods were more sensitive than real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Risk factors for human-to-human transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are largely unknown. After MERS-CoV infections occurred in an extended family in Saudi Arabia in 2014, relatives were tested by using real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) and serologic methods. Among 79 relatives, 19 (24%) were MERS-CoV positive; 11 were hospitalized, and 2 died. Eleven (58%) tested positive by rRT-PCR; 8 (42%) tested negative by rRT-PCR but positive by serology. Compared with MERS-CoV–negative adult relatives, MERS-CoV–positive adult relatives were older and more likely to be male and to have chronic medical conditions. Risk factors for household transmission included sleeping in an index patient’s room and touching respiratory secretions from an index patient. Casual contact and simple proximity were not associated with transmission. Serology was more sensitive than standard rRT-PCR for identifying infected relatives, highlighting the value of including serology in future investigations.
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9
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Breakwell L, Pringle K, Chea N, Allen D, Allen S, Richards S, Pantones P, Sandoval M, Liu L, Vernon M, Conover C, Chugh R, DeMaria A, Burns R, Smole S, Gerber SI, Cohen NJ, Kuhar D, Haynes LM, Schneider E, Kumar A, Kapoor M, Madrigal M, Swerdlow DL, Feikin DR. Lack of Transmission among Close Contacts of Patient with Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Imported into the United States, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1128-34. [PMID: 26079176 PMCID: PMC4480394 DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2014, a traveler from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was the first person identified with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States. To evaluate transmission risk, we determined the type, duration, and frequency of patient contact among health care personnel (HCP), household, and community contacts by using standard questionnaires and, for HCP, global positioning system (GPS) tracer tag logs. Respiratory and serum samples from all contacts were tested for MERS-CoV. Of 61 identified contacts, 56 were interviewed. HCP exposures occurred most frequently in the emergency department (69%) and among nurses (47%); some HCP had contact with respiratory secretions. Household and community contacts had brief contact (e.g., hugging). All laboratory test results were negative for MERS-CoV. This contact investigation found no secondary cases, despite case-patient contact by 61 persons, and provides useful information about MERS-CoV transmission risk. Compared with GPS tracer tag recordings, self-reported contact may not be as accurate.
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10
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Ng DL, Al Hosani F, Keating MK, Gerber SI, Jones TL, Metcalfe MG, Tong S, Tao Y, Alami NN, Haynes LM, Mutei MA, Abdel-Wareth L, Uyeki TM, Swerdlow DL, Barakat M, Zaki SR. Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Findings of a Fatal Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014. Am J Pathol 2016; 186:652-8. [PMID: 26857507 PMCID: PMC7093852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection causes an acute respiratory illness and is associated with a high case fatality rate; however, the pathogenesis of severe and fatal MERS-CoV infection is unknown. We describe the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings from the first autopsy performed on a fatal case of MERS-CoV in the world, which was related to a hospital outbreak in the United Arab Emirates in April 2014. The main histopathologic finding in the lungs was diffuse alveolar damage. Evidence of chronic disease, including severe peripheral vascular disease, patchy cardiac fibrosis, and hepatic steatosis, was noted in the other organs. Double staining immunoassays that used anti–MERS-CoV antibodies paired with immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and surfactant identified pneumocytes and epithelial syncytial cells as important targets of MERS-CoV antigen; double immunostaining with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 showed colocalization in scattered pneumocytes and syncytial cells. No evidence of extrapulmonary MERS-CoV antigens were detected, including the kidney. These results provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna L Ng
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Farida Al Hosani
- Communicable Diseases Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Kelly Keating
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tara L Jones
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maureen G Metcalfe
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ying Tao
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Negar N Alami
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Research and Programs Branch, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Laila Abdel-Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David L Swerdlow
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maha Barakat
- Health Authority-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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11
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Harcourt JL, McDonald M, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Tatti K, Haynes LM. Human cathelicidin, LL-37, inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in polarized airway epithelial cells. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:11. [PMID: 26732674 PMCID: PMC4700635 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide. Treatment options for severe RSV disease remain limited and the development of therapeutic treatment strategies remains a priority. LL-37, a small cationic host defense peptide involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial responses, reduces replication of or infection by multiple viruses, including influenza virus, in vitro, and protects against lethal challenge with influenza virus in vivo. LL-37 also protects against RSV infection of HEp-2 cells in vitro; however, HEp-2 are not reflective of polarized airway epithelial cells and respond differently to RSV infection. An air–liquid interface (ALI) Calu-3 model that more closely mimics the human airway epithelium was established. Using this in vitro model, the effectiveness of LL-37 in preventing RSV infection and replication was examined. Results LL-37, when pre-incubated with virus prior to RSV infection (prophylactic), significantly reduced the level of viral genome detected in infected Calu-3 cells, and decreased chemokine expression associated with RSV infection in vitro. In contrast, therapeutic treatment of RSV-infected ALI Calu-3 at 24 h and 3 days post-infection had minimal impact on RSV infection. Conclusions Differences in the efficacy of LL-37 at reducing RSV infection under prophylactic and therapeutic conditions may in part be ascribed to differences in the method of peptide exposure. However, the efficacy of LL-37 at reducing RSV infection under prophylactic conditions indicates that further studies examining the efficacy of LL-37 as a small peptide inhibitor of RSV are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harcourt
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Melissa McDonald
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kathleen Tatti
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Defective interfering viral particles have been reported as important determinants of the course of viral infection, and they can markedly temper the virulence of the infection. Here, we describe a simple method, based on limiting dilution, for the removal of defective interfering particles from RSV. This method results in a high-titer viral preparation from both HEp-2 and Vero cell lines. We evaluated two concentrations of sucrose to stabilize the virus preparation, and demonstrate that RSV is stable when prepared and stored in 25 % sucrose at -152 °C. In addition, this chapter describes some commonly used methods of RSV titration, detection using microtitration and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and the use of immunostaining for antigenic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Caidi
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harcourt
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
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13
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Boyoglu-Barnum S, Todd SO, Chirkova T, Barnum TR, Gaston KA, Haynes LM, Tripp RA, Moore ML, Anderson LJ. An anti-G protein monoclonal antibody treats RSV disease more effectively than an anti-F monoclonal antibody in BALB/c mice. Virology 2015; 483:117-25. [PMID: 25965801 PMCID: PMC4516680 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in young children, yet no highly effective treatment or vaccine is available. To clarify the potential for an anti-G mAb, 131-2G which has both anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects, to effectively treat RSV disease, we determined the kinetics of its effect compared to the effect of the anti-F mAb, 143-6C on disease in mice. Treatment administered three days after RSV rA2-line19F (r19F) infection showed 131-2G decreased breathing effort, pulmonary mucin levels, weight loss, and pulmonary inflammation earlier and more effectively than treatment with mAb 143-6C. Both mAbs stopped lung virus replication at day 5 post-infection. These data show that, in mice, anti-G protein mAb is superior to treating disease during RSV infection than an anti-F protein mAb similar to Palivizumab. This combination of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity makes 131-2G a promising candidate for treating for active human RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sean O Todd
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas R Barnum
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey A Gaston
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, NCIRD, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Martin L Moore
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics and Children׳s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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14
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Hall AJ, Tokars JI, Badreddine SA, Saad ZB, Furukawa E, Al Masri M, Haynes LM, Gerber SI, Kuhar DT, Miao C, Trivedi SU, Pallansch MA, Hajjeh R, Memish ZA. Health care worker contact with MERS patient, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:2148-51. [PMID: 25418612 PMCID: PMC4257796 DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.141211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate potential transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to health care workers in a hospital, we serologically tested hospital contacts of the index case-patient in Saudi Arabia, 4 months after his death. None of the 48 contacts showed evidence of MERS-CoV infection.
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15
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Breakwell L, Pringle K, Chea N, Allen D, Allen S, Richards S, Pantones P, Sandoval M, Liu L, Vernon M, Conover C, Chugh R, DeMaria A, Burns R, Smole S, Gerber SI, Cohen NJ, Kuhar D, Haynes LM, Schneider E, Kumar A, Kapoor M, Madrigal M, Swerdlow DL, Feikin DR. Lack of Transmission among Close Contacts of Patient with Imported Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome into the United States, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.3201/2107.eid2107.150054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, Ampofo K, Bramley AM, Reed C, Stockmann C, Anderson EJ, Grijalva CG, Self WH, Zhu Y, Patel A, Hymas W, Chappell JD, Kaufman RA, Kan JH, Dansie D, Lenny N, Hillyard DR, Haynes LM, Levine M, Lindstrom S, Winchell JM, Katz JM, Erdman D, Schneider E, Hicks LA, Wunderink RG, Edwards KM, Pavia AT, McCullers JA, Finelli L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:835-45. [PMID: 25714161 PMCID: PMC4697461 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1405870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1062] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence estimates of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia among children in the United States that are based on prospective data collection are limited. Updated estimates of pneumonia that has been confirmed radiographically and with the use of current laboratory diagnostic tests are needed. METHODS We conducted active population-based surveillance for community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among children younger than 18 years of age in three hospitals in Memphis, Nashville, and Salt Lake City. We excluded children with recent hospitalization or severe immunosuppression. Blood and respiratory specimens were systematically collected for pathogen detection with the use of multiple methods. Chest radiographs were reviewed independently by study radiologists. RESULTS From January 2010 through June 2012, we enrolled 2638 of 3803 eligible children (69%), 2358 of whom (89%) had radiographic evidence of pneumonia. The median age of the children was 2 years (interquartile range, 1 to 6); 497 of 2358 children (21%) required intensive care, and 3 (<1%) died. Among 2222 children with radiographic evidence of pneumonia and with specimens available for bacterial and viral testing, a viral or bacterial pathogen was detected in 1802 (81%), one or more viruses in 1472 (66%), bacteria in 175 (8%), and both bacterial and viral pathogens in 155 (7%). The annual incidence of pneumonia was 15.7 cases per 10,000 children (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9 to 16.5), with the highest rate among children younger than 2 years of age (62.2 cases per 10,000 children; 95% CI, 57.6 to 67.1). Respiratory syncytial virus was more common among children younger than 5 years of age than among older children (37% vs. 8%), as were adenovirus (15% vs. 3%) and human metapneumovirus (15% vs. 8%). Mycoplasma pneumoniae was more common among children 5 years of age or older than among younger children (19% vs. 3%). CONCLUSIONS The burden of hospitalization for children with community-acquired pneumonia was highest among the very young, with respiratory viruses the most commonly detected causes of pneumonia. (Funded by the Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Jain
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Derek J. Williams
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra R. Arnold
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Krow Ampofo
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna M. Bramley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carrie Reed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chris Stockmann
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Wesley H. Self
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anami Patel
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Weston Hymas
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Kaufman
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J. Herman Kan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Dansie
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Noel Lenny
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Lia M. Haynes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Levine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dean Erdman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lauri A. Hicks
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew T. Pavia
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan A. McCullers
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Al-Abdallat MM, Payne DC, Alqasrawi S, Rha B, Tohme RA, Abedi GR, Al Nsour M, Iblan I, Jarour N, Farag NH, Haddadin A, Al-Sanouri T, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Kuhar DT, Swerdlow DL, Erdman DD, Pallansch MA, Haynes LM, Gerber SI. Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:1225-33. [PMID: 24829216 PMCID: PMC4834865 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2012, the Jordan Ministry of Health investigated an outbreak of lower respiratory illnesses at a hospital in Jordan; 2 fatal cases were retrospectively confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to be the first detected cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). METHODS Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of selected potential cases were assessed through serum blood specimens, medical record reviews, and interviews with surviving outbreak members, household contacts, and healthcare personnel. Cases of MERS-CoV infection were identified using 3 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention serologic tests for detection of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies. RESULTS Specimens and interviews were obtained from 124 subjects. Seven previously unconfirmed individuals tested positive for anti-MERS-CoV antibodies by at least 2 of 3 serologic tests, in addition to 2 fatal cases identified by rRT-PCR. The case-fatality rate among the 9 total cases was 22%. Six subjects were healthcare workers at the outbreak hospital, yielding an attack rate of 10% among potentially exposed outbreak hospital personnel. There was no evidence of MERS-CoV transmission at 2 transfer hospitals having acceptable infection control practices. CONCLUSIONS Novel serologic tests allowed for the detection of otherwise unrecognized cases of MERS-CoV infection among contacts in a Jordanian hospital-associated respiratory illness outbreak in April 2012, resulting in a total of 9 test-positive cases. Serologic results suggest that further spread of this outbreak to transfer hospitals did not occur. Most subjects had no major, underlying medical conditions; none were on hemodialysis. Our observed case-fatality rate was lower than has been reported from outbreaks elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Sultan Alqasrawi
- CommunicableDiseases Directorate, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Brian Rha
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
- Epidemic Intelligence Service
| | - Rania A. Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Glen R. Abedi
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | | | - Ibrahim Iblan
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Najwa Jarour
- CommunicableDiseases Directorate, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Noha H. Farag
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aktham Haddadin
- Directorate of Laboratories, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | | | - Azaibi Tamin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Jennifer L. Harcourt
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - David T. Kuhar
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David L. Swerdlow
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Dean D. Erdman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Mark A. Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Susan I. Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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18
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Al-Abdallat MM, Payne DC, Alqasrawi S, Rha B, Tohme RA, Abedi GR, Al Nsour M, Iblan I, Jarour N, Farag NH, Haddadin A, Al-Sanouri T, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Kuhar DT, Swerdlow DL, Erdman DD, Pallansch MA, Haynes LM, Gerber SI. Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description. Clin Infect Dis 2014. [PMID: 24829216 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu359.hospital-associated] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2012, the Jordan Ministry of Health investigated an outbreak of lower respiratory illnesses at a hospital in Jordan; 2 fatal cases were retrospectively confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to be the first detected cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). METHODS Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of selected potential cases were assessed through serum blood specimens, medical record reviews, and interviews with surviving outbreak members, household contacts, and healthcare personnel. Cases of MERS-CoV infection were identified using 3 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention serologic tests for detection of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies. RESULTS Specimens and interviews were obtained from 124 subjects. Seven previously unconfirmed individuals tested positive for anti-MERS-CoV antibodies by at least 2 of 3 serologic tests, in addition to 2 fatal cases identified by rRT-PCR. The case-fatality rate among the 9 total cases was 22%. Six subjects were healthcare workers at the outbreak hospital, yielding an attack rate of 10% among potentially exposed outbreak hospital personnel. There was no evidence of MERS-CoV transmission at 2 transfer hospitals having acceptable infection control practices. CONCLUSIONS Novel serologic tests allowed for the detection of otherwise unrecognized cases of MERS-CoV infection among contacts in a Jordanian hospital-associated respiratory illness outbreak in April 2012, resulting in a total of 9 test-positive cases. Serologic results suggest that further spread of this outbreak to transfer hospitals did not occur. Most subjects had no major, underlying medical conditions; none were on hemodialysis. Our observed case-fatality rate was lower than has been reported from outbreaks elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Sultan Alqasrawi
- Communicable Diseases Directorate, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Brian Rha
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Epidemic Intelligence Service
| | - Rania A Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Glen R Abedi
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | | | - Ibrahim Iblan
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Najwa Jarour
- Communicable Diseases Directorate, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | - Noha H Farag
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aktham Haddadin
- Directorate of Laboratories, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman
| | | | - Azaibi Tamin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Jennifer L Harcourt
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - David T Kuhar
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David L Swerdlow
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Dean D Erdman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Mark A Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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19
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Bialek SR, Allen D, Alvarado-Ramy F, Arthur R, Balajee A, Bell D, Best S, Blackmore C, Breakwell L, Cannons A, Brown C, Cetron M, Chea N, Chommanard C, Cohen N, Conover C, Crespo A, Creviston J, Curns AT, Dahl R, Dearth S, DeMaria A, Echols F, Erdman DD, Feikin D, Frias M, Gerber SI, Gulati R, Hale C, Haynes LM, Heberlein-Larson L, Holton K, Ijaz K, Kapoor M, Kohl K, Kuhar DT, Kumar AM, Kundich M, Lippold S, Liu L, Lovchik JC, Madoff L, Martell S, Matthews S, Moore J, Murray LR, Onofrey S, Pallansch MA, Pesik N, Pham H, Pillai S, Pontones P, Poser S, Pringle K, Pritchard S, Rasmussen S, Richards S, Sandoval M, Schneider E, Schuchat A, Sheedy K, Sherin K, Swerdlow DL, Tappero JW, Vernon MO, Watkins S, Watson J. First confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States, updated information on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - May 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:431-6. [PMID: 24827411 PMCID: PMC5779407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since mid-March 2014, the frequency with which cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have been reported has increased, with the majority of recent cases reported from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the frequency with which travel-associated MERS cases have been reported and the number of countries that have reported them to the World Health Organization (WHO) have also increased. The first case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler recently returned from Saudi Arabia, was reported to CDC by the Indiana State Department of Health on May 1, 2014, and confirmed by CDC on May 2. A second imported case of MERS in the United States, identified in a traveler from Saudi Arabia having no connection with the first case, was reported to CDC by the Florida Department of Health on May 11, 2014. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians, health officials, and others to increase awareness of the need to consider MERS-CoV infection in persons who have recently traveled from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula. This report summarizes recent epidemiologic information, provides preliminary descriptions of the cases reported from Indiana and Florida, and updates CDC guidance about patient evaluation, home care and isolation, specimen collection, and travel as of May 13, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Bialek
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Corresponding author: Stephanie R. Bialek, 404-639-8200
| | | | - Francisco Alvarado-Ramy
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Ray Arthur
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC
| | | | - David Bell
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | - Lucy Breakwell
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, CDC,Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | - Clive Brown
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Martin Cetron
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Nora Chea
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, CDC,Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Christina Chommanard
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nicole Cohen
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | | | - Aaron T. Curns
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Dahl
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | | | - Dean D. Erdman
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Feikin
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Mabel Frias
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Illinois
| | - Susan I. Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Reena Gulati
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Christa Hale
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | - Kelly Holton
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Kashef Ijaz
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC
| | | | - Katrin Kohl
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - David T. Kuhar
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | - Susan Lippold
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Moore
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | - Mark A. Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nicki Pesik
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Huong Pham
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Satish Pillai
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | | | - Sarah Poser
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Kimberly Pringle
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, CDC
| | | | - Sonja Rasmussen
- Influenza Coordination Unit, Office of Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | | | - Michelle Sandoval
- Indiana State Department of Health,National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Eileen Schneider
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anne Schuchat
- Office of the Director, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Kristine Sheedy
- Office of the Director, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | - David L. Swerdlow
- Office of the Director, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | | | | | - John Watson
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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20
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Silva CS, Mullis LB, Pereira O, Saif LJ, Vlasova A, Zhang X, Owens RJ, Paulson D, Taylor D, Haynes LM, Azevedo MP. Human Respiratory Coronaviruses Detected In Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in Arkansas, USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2014. [PMID: 27588218 PMCID: PMC5004774 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.s2-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory viruses often result in significant morbidity and mortality. The potential impact of human respiratory coronavirus (CoV) infections was underestimated until the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) outbreak in 2003, which showed that new, highly pathogenic coronaviruses could be introduced to humans, highlighting the importance of monitoring the circulating coronaviruses. The use of sensitive molecular methods has contributed to the differential diagnosis of viruses circulating in humans. Our study aim was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of human CoV strains circulating in Arkansas, their genetic variability and their association with reported influenza-like symptoms. We analyzed 200 nasal swab samples, collected by the Arkansas Department of Health in 2010, for influenza diagnosis. All samples were from patients showing acute respiratory symptoms while testing negative for influenza. Samples were pre-screened, using a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) multiprobe for coronavirus, and subjected to confirmatory pancoronavirus and/or strain-specific reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR followed by sequence analysis. Seventy-nine samples (39.5%) were positive by qRT-PCR and 35 samples (17.5%) were confirmed by conventional RT-PCR. Twenty-three of the confirmed samples (59%) were sequenced. The most frequent strain detected was HCoV-OC43-like followed by NL63-like; only one sample was positive for HCoV-229E and one for HCoV-HKU1. Feline-like CoV strains were detected in three samples, representing possible evidence of interspecies transmission or a new human strain. Seventeen percent of the coronavirus positive samples were also positive for other respiratory viruses, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza 2 and 3, and Rhinovirus. Thus, HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 and new feline-like strains were circulating in Arkansas in 2010. HCoV was the sole respiratory virus detected in 16% of the patients who showed acute respiratory symptoms with negative diagnoses for influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Silva
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Lisa B Mullis
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Olavo Pereira
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Anastasia Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Randall J Owens
- Public Health Laboratory, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, USA
| | - Dale Paulson
- Public Health Laboratory, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, USA
| | - Deborah Taylor
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, Rockville, USA
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA
| | - Marli P Azevedo
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, USA
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21
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Payne DC, Iblan I, Alqasrawi S, Al Nsour M, Rha B, Tohme RA, Abedi GR, Farag NH, Haddadin A, Al Sanhouri T, Jarour N, Swerdlow DL, Jamieson DJ, Pallansch MA, Haynes LM, Gerber SI, Al Abdallat MM. Stillbirth during infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect Dis 2014; 209:1870-2. [PMID: 24474813 PMCID: PMC4618552 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted an epidemiologic investigation among survivors of an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Jordan. A second-trimester stillbirth occurred during the course of an acute respiratory illness that was attributed to MERS-CoV on the basis of exposure history and positive results of MERS-CoV serologic testing. This is the first occurrence of stillbirth during an infection with MERS-CoV and may have bearing upon the surveillance and management of pregnant women in settings of unexplained respiratory illness potentially due to MERS-CoV. Future prospective investigations of MERS-CoV should ascertain pregnancy status and obtain further pregnancy-related data, including biological specimens for confirmatory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | | | | | | | - Brian Rha
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Epidemic Intelligence Service
| | - Rania A Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health
| | - Glen R Abedi
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Noha H Farag
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | | | - David L Swerdlow
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Denise J Jamieson
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark A Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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22
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Jorquera PA, Choi Y, Oakley KE, Powell TJ, Boyd JG, Palath N, Haynes LM, Anderson LJ, Tripp RA. Nanoparticle vaccines encompassing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein CX3C chemokine motif induce robust immunity protecting from challenge and disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74905. [PMID: 24040360 PMCID: PMC3769300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle vaccines were produced using layer-by-layer fabrication and incorporating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein polypeptides comprising the CX3C chemokine motif. BALB/c mice immunized with G protein nanoparticle vaccines produced a neutralizing antibody response that inhibited RSV replication in the lungs following RSV challenge. ELISPOT analysis showed that G nanoparticle vaccinated mice had increased levels of RSV G protein-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting cells compared to controls following RSV challenge. Remarkably, RSV challenge of G protein nanoparticle vaccinated mice resulted in increased RSV M2-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting T cells, and increased M2-specific H-2Kd-tetramer positive CD8+ T cells in the lungs compared to controls. Cell type analysis showed vaccination was not associated with increased pulmonary eosinophilia following RSV challenge. These results demonstrate that vaccination of mice with the RSV G protein nanoparticle vaccines induces a potent neutralizing antibody response, increased G protein- and M2- specific T cell responses, and a reduction in RSV disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Jorquera
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Youngjoo Choi
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katie E. Oakley
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Powell
- Artificial Cell Technologies, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James G. Boyd
- Artificial Cell Technologies, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Naveen Palath
- Artificial Cell Technologies, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Harcourt JL, Haynes LM. Establishing a liquid-covered culture of polarized human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells to study host cell response to respiratory pathogens in vitro. J Vis Exp 2013:50157. [PMID: 23426201 PMCID: PMC3600762 DOI: 10.3791/50157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelial cells demonstrate directional responses to pathogen exposure in vivo. Thus, ideal in vitro models for examining cellular responses to respiratory pathogens polarize, forming apical and basolateral surfaces. One such model is differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE). However, this system requires lung tissue samples, expertise isolating and culturing epithelial cells from tissue, and time to generate an air-liquid interface culture. Calu-3 cells, derived from a human bronchial adenocarcinoma, are an alternative model for examining the response of proximal airway epithelial cells to respiratory insult, pharmacological compounds, and bacterial and viral pathogens, including influenza virus, rhinovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. Recently, we demonstrated that Calu-3 cells are susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a manner consistent with NHBE. Here, we detail the establishment of a polarized, liquid-covered culture (LCC) of Calu-3 cells, focusing on the technical details of growing and culturing Calu-3 cells, maintaining cells that have been cultured into LCC, and we present the method for performing respiratory virus infection of polarized Calu-3 cells. To consistently obtain polarized Calu-3 LCC, Calu-3 cells must be carefully subcultured before culturing in Transwell inserts. Calu-3 monolayer cultures should remain below 90% confluence, should be subcultured fewer than 10 times from frozen stock, and should regularly be supplied with fresh medium. Once cultured in Transwells, Calu-3 LCC must be handled with care. Irregular media changes and mechanical or physical disruption of the cell layers or plates negatively impact polarization for several hours or days. Polarization is monitored by evaluating trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and is verified by evaluating the passive equilibration of sodium fluorescein between the apical and basolateral compartments . Once TEER plateaus at or above 1,000 Ω×cm(2), Calu-3 LCC are ready to use to examine cellular responses to respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harcourt
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Caidi H, Harcourt JL, Tripp RA, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Combination therapy using monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein protects from RSV disease in BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51485. [PMID: 23300550 PMCID: PMC3531420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options to control respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are limited, thus development of new therapeutics is high priority. Previous studies with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) reactive to an epitope proximal to the central conserved region (CCR) of RSV G protein (mAb 131-2G) showed therapeutic efficacy for reducing pulmonary inflammation RSV infection in BALB/c mice. Here, we show a protective effect in RSV-infected mice therapeutically treated with a mAb (130-6D) reactive to an epitope within the CCR of G protein, while treatment with a mAb specific for a carboxyl G protein epitope had no effect. Combined treatment with mAbs 130-6D and 131-2G significantly decreased RSV-associated pulmonary inflammation compared to either antibody alone. The results suggest that anti-RSV G protein mAbs that react at or near the CCR and can block RSV G protein-mediated activities are effective at preventing RSV disease and may be an effective strategy for RSV therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Caidi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Harcourt
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory Children’s Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Johnson CH, Miao C, Blanchard EG, Caidi H, Radu GU, Harcourt JL, Haynes LM. Effect of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 deficiency in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Comp Med 2012; 62:14-20. [PMID: 22330646 PMCID: PMC3276387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory illness in infants and young children worldwide, making it a high priority for development of strategies for prevention and treatment. RSV can cause repeat infections throughout life, with serious complications in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Previous studies indicate that the RSV G protein binds through a CX3C chemokine motif to the host chemokine receptor, CX3CR1, and modulates the inflammatory immune response. In the current study, we examined the contribution of CX3CR1 to the immune response to RSV infection in mice. CX3CR1-deficient mice showed an impaired innate immune response to RSV infection, characterized by substantially decreased NK1.1(+) natural killer, CD11b(+), and RB6-8C5(+) polymorphonuclear cell trafficking to the lung and reduced IFNγ production compared with those in wildtype control mice. Leukocytes from CX3CR1-deficient mice were poorly chemotactic toward RSV G protein and CX3CL1. These results substantiate the importance of the RSV G CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction in the innate immune response to RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal H Johnson
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Scientific Resources, Laboratory Animal Medicine Residency Program
| | - Congrong Miao
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elisabeth G Blanchard
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hayat Caidi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gertrud U Radu
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Harcourt
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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26
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Blanchard EG, Miao C, Haupt TE, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Development of a recombinant truncated nucleocapsid protein based immunoassay for detection of antibodies against human coronavirus OC43. J Virol Methods 2011; 177:100-6. [PMID: 21801752 PMCID: PMC7112803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses are one of the main causes of upper respiratory tract infections in humans. While more often responsible for mild illness, they have been associated with illnesses that require hospitalization. In this study, an assay for one of the human coronaviruses, OC43, was developed using a truncated recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein antigen in an enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated using serum collected from HCoV-OC43-infected patients, healthy adults, and patients with other respiratory virus infections. Results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 90.9% (10/11) and 82.9% (39/47), respectively. To evaluate the clinical utility of the ELISA, serum samples collected from patients during an outbreak of HCoV-OC43 infection and previously identified as positive by HCoV-OC43 whole N ELISA were screened resulting in 100% diagnosis agreement between the testing methods. These results suggest that this assay offers a reliable method to detect HCoV-OC43 infection and may be a useful tool in coronavirus seroepidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Blanchard
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and an important pathogen of the elderly and immune suppressed. The only intervention currently available is a monoclonal antibody against the RSV fusion protein, which has shown utility as a prophylactic for high-risk premature infants, but which has not shown postinfection therapeutic efficacy in the specific RSV-infected populations studied. Thus, for the major susceptible populations, there remains a great need for effective treatment. Recent results support monoclonal antibody targeting of the RSV G-protein for therapeutic use. This objective encompasses a dual mechanism: reduction in the ability of RSV G-protein to distort the host innate immune response, and direct complement-mediated antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Kauvar
- Trellis Bioscience, 2-B Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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28
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Harcourt JL, Caidi H, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Evaluation of the Calu-3 cell line as a model of in vitro respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol Methods 2011; 174:144-9. [PMID: 21458491 PMCID: PMC7112923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication is primarily limited to the upper respiratory tract epithelium and primary, differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) have, therefore, been considered a good system for in vitro analysis of lung tissue response to respiratory virus infection and virus–host interactions. However, NHBE cells are expensive, difficult to culture, and vary with the source patient. An alternate approach is to use a continuous cell line that has features of bronchial epithelial cells such as Calu-3, an epithelial cell line derived from human lung adenocarcinoma, as an in vitro model of respiratory virus infection. The results show that Calu-3 fully polarize when grown on permeable supports as liquid-covered cultures. Polarized Calu-3 are susceptible to RSV infection and release infectious virus primarily from the apical surface, consistent with studies in NHBE cells. The data demonstrate that polarized Calu-3 may serve as a useful in vitro model to study host responses to RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harcourt
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Virus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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29
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Radu GU, Caidi H, Miao C, Tripp RA, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Prophylactic treatment with a G glycoprotein monoclonal antibody reduces pulmonary inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-challenged naive and formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice. J Virol 2010; 84:9632-6. [PMID: 20592094 PMCID: PMC2937657 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00451-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether prophylactically administered anti-respiratory syncytial virus (anti-RSV) G monoclonal antibody (MAb) would decrease the pulmonary inflammation associated with primary RSV infection and formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV)-enhanced disease in mice. MAb 131-2G administration 1 day prior to primary infection reduced the pulmonary inflammatory response and the level of RSV replication. Further, intact or F(ab')(2) forms of MAb 131-2G administered 1 day prior to infection in FI-RSV-vaccinated mice reduced enhanced inflammation and disease. This study shows that an anti-RSV G protein MAb might provide prophylaxis against both primary infection and FI-RSV-associated enhanced disease. It is possible that antibodies with similar reactivities might prevent enhanced disease and improve the safety of nonlive virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud U. Radu
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Hayat Caidi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Congrong Miao
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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30
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Haynes LM, Caidi H, Radu GU, Miao C, Harcourt JL, Tripp RA, Anderson LJ. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody treatment targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein mediates viral clearance and reduces the pathogenesis of RSV infection in BALB/c mice. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:439-47. [PMID: 19545210 DOI: 10.1086/600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a CX3C chemokine motif that has been associated with the ability of RSV G protein to modulate the virus-induced host immune response, we examined whether therapeutic treatment with an anti-RSV G monoclonal antibody (mAb), 131-2G, that blocks the CX3C-associated activity of RSV G protein might decrease the pulmonary inflammation associated with infection in BALB/c mice. The results show that treatment with mAb 131-2G on day 3 after RSV infection reduces both inflammation and RSV titer in the lungs. Later administration of anti-RSV G mAb (day 5 after RSV infection) effectively reduced the viral titer but had a minimal effect on pulmonary inflammation. This study suggests that an anti-RSV G mAb might be an effective antiviral, either alone or in combination with anti-RSV F protein neutralizing antibodies, for decreasing the virus-induced host response to infection and improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Haynes
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Div of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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31
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Miao C, Radu GU, Caidi H, Tripp RA, Anderson LJ, Haynes LM. Treatment with respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein monoclonal antibody or F(ab')2 components mediates reduced pulmonary inflammation in mice. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1119-1123. [PMID: 19264600 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.009308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic treatment with a non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (131-2G) specific to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. Its F(ab')(2) component only mediates decreased leukocyte trafficking and IFN-gamma production without reducing virus replication. Thus, this mAb has two independent actions that could facilitate treatment and/or prevention of RSV infection by reducing both virus replication and virus-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrong Miao
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Gertrud U Radu
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Hayat Caidi
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lia M Haynes
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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32
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Stockman LJ, Haynes LM, Miao C, Harcourt JL, Rupprecht CE, Ksiazek TG, Hyde TB, Fry AM, Anderson LJ. Coronavirus antibodies in bat biologists. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:999-1000. [PMID: 18507931 PMCID: PMC2600275 DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Stockman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Congrong Miao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Harcourt
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Terri B. Hyde
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alicia M. Fry
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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33
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Vlasova AN, Zhang X, Hasoksuz M, Nagesha HS, Haynes LM, Fang Y, Lu S, Saif LJ. Two-way antigenic cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and group 1 animal CoVs is mediated through an antigenic site in the N-terminal region of the SARS-CoV nucleoprotein. J Virol 2007; 81:13365-77. [PMID: 17913799 PMCID: PMC2168854 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01169-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in humans, causing a global epidemic. By phylogenetic analysis, SARS-CoV is distinct from known CoVs and most closely related to group 2 CoVs. However, no antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV and known CoVs was conclusively and consistently demonstrated except for group 1 animal CoVs. We analyzed this cross-reactivity by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis using specific antisera to animal CoVs and SARS-CoV and SARS patient convalescent-phase or negative sera. Moderate two-way cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV and porcine CoVs (transmissible gastroenteritis CoV [TGEV] and porcine respiratory CoV [PRCV]) was mediated through the N but not the spike protein, whereas weaker cross-reactivity occurred with feline (feline infectious peritonitis virus) and canine CoVs. Using Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant SARS-CoV N protein and fragments, the cross-reactive region was localized between amino acids (aa) 120 to 208. The N-protein fragments comprising aa 360 to 412 and aa 1 to 213 reacted specifically with SARS convalescent-phase sera but not with negative human sera in ELISA; the fragment comprising aa 1 to 213 cross-reacted with antisera to animal CoVs, whereas the fragment comprising aa 360 to 412 did not cross-react and could be a potential candidate for SARS diagnosis. Particularly noteworthy, a single substitution at aa 120 of PRCV N protein diminished the cross-reactivity. We also demonstrated that the cross-reactivity is not universal for all group 1 CoVs, because HCoV-NL63 did not cross-react with SARS-CoV. One-way cross-reactivity of HCoV-NL63 with group 1 CoVs was localized to aa 1 to 39 and at least one other antigenic site in the N-protein C terminus, differing from the cross-reactive region identified in SARS-CoV N protein. The observed cross-reactivity is not a consequence of a higher level of amino acid identity between SARS-CoV and porcine CoV nucleoproteins, because sequence comparisons indicated that SARS-CoV N protein has amino acid identity similar to that of infectious bronchitis virus N protein and shares a higher level of identity with bovine CoV N protein within the cross-reactive region. The TGEV and SARS-CoV N proteins are RNA chaperons with long disordered regions. We speculate that during natural infection, antibodies target similar short antigenic sites within the N proteins of SARS-CoV and porcine group 1 CoVs that are exposed to an immune response. Identification of the cross-reactive and non-cross-reactive N-protein regions allows development of SARS-CoV-specific antibody assays for screening animal and human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
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Haynes LM, Miao C, Harcourt JL, Montgomery JM, Le MQ, Dryga SA, Kamrud KI, Rivers B, Babcock GJ, Oliver JB, Comer JA, Reynolds M, Uyeki TM, Bausch D, Ksiazek T, Thomas W, Alterson H, Smith J, Ambrosino DM, Anderson LJ. Recombinant protein-based assays for detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike and nucleocapsid proteins. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:331-3. [PMID: 17229882 PMCID: PMC1828864 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00351-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) nucleocapsid and spike protein-based immunoglobulin G immunoassays were developed and evaluated. Our assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity to the SARS coronavirus in sera collected from patients as late as 2 years postonset of symptoms. These assays will be useful not only for routine SARS coronavirus diagnostics but also for epidemiological and antibody kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Haynes
- National Centers for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory and Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333.
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Tripp RA, Haynes LM, Moore D, Anderson B, Tamin A, Harcourt BH, Jones LP, Yilla M, Babcock GJ, Greenough T, Ambrosino DM, Alvarez R, Callaway J, Cavitt S, Kamrud K, Alterson H, Smith J, Harcourt JL, Miao C, Razdan R, Comer JA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Sanchez A, Rota PA, Bellini WJ, Anderson LJ. Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV): identification of neutralizing and antibodies reactive to S, N, M and E viral proteins. J Virol Methods 2005; 128:21-8. [PMID: 15885812 PMCID: PMC7112802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the Urbani strain of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were developed and characterized for reactivity to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV S, N, M, and E proteins using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western Blot and microneutralization assays. Twenty-six mAbs were reactive to SARS-CoV by ELISA, and nine were chosen for detailed characterization. Five mAbs reacted against the S protein, two against the M protein, and one each against the N and E proteins. Two of five S protein mAbs neutralized SARS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells and reacted to an epitope within amino acids 490–510 in the S protein. While two of the three non-neutralizing antibodies recognized at second epitope within amino acids 270–350. The mAbs characterized should prove useful for developing SARS-CoV diagnostic assays and for studying the biology of infection and pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A. Tripp
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 404 639 4004; fax: +1 404 639 1307.
| | - Deborah Moore
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Azaibi Tamin
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Brian H. Harcourt
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Les P. Jones
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mamadi Yilla
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Gregory J. Babcock
- Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
| | - Thomas Greenough
- Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
| | - Donna M. Ambrosino
- Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA
| | - Rene Alvarez
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | - Kurt Kamrud
- AlphaVax Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Harcourt
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Congrong Miao
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Raj Razdan
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - James A. Comer
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Pierre E. Rollin
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Thomas G. Ksiazek
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A. Rota
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - William J. Bellini
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Haynes LM, Jones LP, Barskey A, Anderson LJ, Tripp RA. Enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia associated with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccination are linked to G glycoprotein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and expression of substance P. J Virol 2003; 77:9831-44. [PMID: 12941892 PMCID: PMC224581 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.18.9831-9844.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine or RSV G glycoprotein results in enhanced pulmonary disease after live RSV infection. Enhanced pulmonary disease is characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia and is associated with a substantial inflammatory response. We show that the absence of the G glycoprotein or G glycoprotein CX3C motif during FI-RSV vaccination or RSV challenge of FI-RSV-vaccinated mice, or treatment with anti-substance P or anti-CX3CR1 antibodies, reduces or eliminates enhanced pulmonary disease, modifies T-cell receptor Vbeta usage, and alters CC and CXC chemokine expression. These data suggest that the G glycoprotein, and in particular the G glycoprotein CX3C motif, is key in the enhanced inflammatory response to FI-RSV vaccination, possibly through the induction of substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Haynes
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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37
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Howard LM, Neville KL, Haynes LM, Dal Canto MC, Miller SD. CD154 blockade results in transient reduction in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. J Virol 2003; 77:2247-50. [PMID: 12525660 PMCID: PMC140904 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.3.2247-2250.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient CD154 blockade at the onset of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease ameliorated disease progression for 80 days, reduced immune cell infiltration, and transiently increased viral loads in the central nervous system. Peripheral antiviral and autoimmune T-cell responses were normal, and disease severity returned to control levels by day 120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Howard
- Departments of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Haynes LM, Tonkin J, Anderson LJ, Tripp RA. Neutralizing anti-F glycoprotein and anti-substance P antibody treatment effectively reduces infection and inflammation associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol 2002; 76:6873-81. [PMID: 12072488 PMCID: PMC136305 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.14.6873-6881.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus mediating lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. RSV infection is associated with pulmonary inflammation and increased levels of substance P (SP), making the airways and leukocytes that express SP receptors susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide. This study examines combining neutralizing anti-F glycoprotein and anti-SP antibody treatment of RSV-infected BALB/c mice to inhibit RSV replication and inflammation associated with infection. BALB/c mice were prophylactically treated with antibody prior to RSV infection or were therapeutically treated at day 2 or 6 post-RSV infection. Prophylactic or therapeutic treatment with anti-SP antibodies promptly reduced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased the number of cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines, while anti-F antibody treatment reduced virus titers. The results suggest that combined anti-viral and anti-SP antibody treatment may be effective in treating RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Haynes
- Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Haynes LM, Moore DD, Kurt-Jones EA, Finberg RW, Anderson LJ, Tripp RA. Involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol 2001; 75:10730-7. [PMID: 11602714 PMCID: PMC114654 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.22.10730-10737.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2001] [Accepted: 08/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. The role of TLR4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. In this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infection were examined in TLR4-deficient (C57BL/10ScNCr) and TLR4-expressing (C57BL/10Sn) mice. TLR4-deficient mice challenged with RSV, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell and CD14(+) cell pulmonary trafficking, deficient NK cell function, impaired interleukin-12 expression, and impaired virus clearance compared to mice expressing TLR4. These findings suggest that Toll signaling pathways have an important role in innate immunity to RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Haynes
- Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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40
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Begolka WS, Haynes LM, Olson JK, Padilla J, Neville KL, Dal Canto M, Palma J, Kim BS, Miller SD. CD8-deficient SJL mice display enhanced susceptibility to Theiler's virus infection and increased demyelinating pathology. J Neurovirol 2001; 7:409-20. [PMID: 11582513 PMCID: PMC7094986 DOI: 10.1080/135502801753170264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) induces a chronic, progressive demyelinating disease in susceptible mouse strains characterized by inflammatory mononuclear infiltrates and spastic hind limb paralysis. Our lab has previously demonstrated a critical role for TMEV- and myelin-specific CD4(+) T cells in initiating and perpetuating this pathology. It has however, also been shown that the MHC class I loci are associated with susceptibility/resistance to TMEV infection and persistence. For this reason, we investigated the contribution of CD8(+) T cells to the TMEV-induced demyelinating pathology in the highly susceptible SJL/J mouse strain. Here we show that beta2M-deficient SJL mice have similar disease incidence rates to wild-type controls, however beta2M-deficient mice demonstrated earlier onset of clinical disease, elevated in vitro responses to TMEV and myelin proteolipid (PLP) epitopes, and significantly higher levels of CNS demyelination and macrophage infiltration at 50 days post-infection. beta2M-deficient mice also displayed a significant elevation in persisting viral titers, as well as an increase in macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the spinal cord at this same time point. Taken together, these results indicate that CD8(+) T cells are not required for clinical or histologic disease initiation or progression in TMEV-infected SJL mice. Rather, these data stress the critical role of CD4(+) T cells in this capacity and further emphasize the potential for CD8(+) T cells to contribute to protection from TMEV-induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Smith Begolka
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Lia M. Haynes
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Julie K. Olson
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Josette Padilla
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Katherine L. Neville
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Mauro Dal Canto
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Joann Palma
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Byung S. Kim
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, 60611 Chicago, IL USA
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois USA
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Abstract
Chemokines are chemoattractant proteins that are divided into subfamilies based upon cysteine signature motifs termed C, CC, CXC and CX3C. Chemokines have roles in immunity and inflammation that affect cell trafficking and activation of T cells as well as cells of the innate immune system. We report here CX3C chemokine mimicry for the G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and show binding to CX3CR1--the specific receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine--and induction of leukocyte chemotaxis. We also show that CX3CR1 facilitates RSV infection of cells. Thus, G glycoprotein interaction with CX3CR1 probably plays a key role in the biology of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Tripp
- National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, Mailstop G-09, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kurt-Jones EA, Popova L, Kwinn L, Haynes LM, Jones LP, Tripp RA, Walsh EE, Freeman MW, Golenbock DT, Anderson LJ, Finberg RW. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:398-401. [PMID: 11062499 DOI: 10.1038/80833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1168] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system contributes to the earliest phase of the host defense against foreign organisms and has both soluble and cellular pattern recognition receptors for microbial products. Two important members of this receptor group, CD14 and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pattern recognition receptors, are essential for the innate immune response to components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes and yeast. We now find that these receptors function in an antiviral response as well. The innate immune response to the fusion protein of an important respiratory pathogen of humans, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was mediated by TLR4 and CD14. RSV persisted longer in the lungs of infected TLR4-deficient mice compared to normal mice. Thus, a common receptor activation pathway can initiate innate immune responses to both bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kurt-Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Haynes LM, Vanderlugt CL, Dal Canto MC, Melvold RW, Miller SD. CD8(+) T cells from Theiler's virus-resistant BALB/cByJ mice downregulate pathogenic virus-specific CD4(+) T cells. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 106:43-52. [PMID: 10814781 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a picornavirus which induces an immune-mediated demyelinating disease in susceptible strains of mice and serves as a relevant animal model for multiple sclerosis. Treatment with low dose irradiation prior to infection with the BeAn strain of TMEV renders the genetically resistant BALB/cByJ (C/cByJ) mice susceptible to disease. Previous studies have shown that disease resistance in the C/cByJ is mediated by a 'regulatory' CD8(+) T cell population, which does not appear to function via a cytolytic mechanism. We show here that TMEV-specific CD4(+) T cell blasts transferred into susceptible, irradiated C/cByJ accelerate clinical disease and enhance TMEV-specific DTH and proliferation in these animals. Significantly, CD8(+) cells from infected, resistant C/cByJ mice specifically downregulate the in vivo disease potentiation and diminish virus specific DTH, and proliferative and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses (IFNgamma and IL-2) in recipients of TMEV-specific CD4(+) T cell blasts. These results indicate that TMEV infection of resistant C/cByJ mice induces a radiosensitive population of regulatory CD8(+) T cells which actively downregulate inherent Th1 responses which have disease initiating potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Haynes
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Nicholson SM, Haynes LM, Vanderlugt CL, Miller SD, Melvold RW. The role of protective CD8+ T cells in resistance of BALB/c mice to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease: regulatory vs. lytic. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 98:136-46. [PMID: 10430047 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) is an excellent model for human multiple sclerosis. Within the BALB/c strain, BALB/cAnNCr mice are susceptible while BALB/cByJ mice are resistant. BALB/cByJ mice become susceptible when irradiated. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ splenic T cells from resistant BALB/cByJ donors protect irradiated BALB/cByJ, as well as BALB/cAnNCr recipients, from development of TMEV-IDD. Anti-TMEV CTL activities in BALB/cAnNCr, BALB/cByJ and irradiated BALB/cByJ mice are comparable. A population of splenic CD4+ T cells in BALB/cByJ donors has also been identified which can protect both susceptible BALB/cAnNCr and irradiated BALB/cByJ recipients from TMEV-IDD via adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nicholson
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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45
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Haynes LM, Patterson AA, Wade SU. Drug information resources in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Hosp Pharm 1995; 30:297-301. [PMID: 10141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Results of a survey characterizing drug information services and resources from a defined practice area are presented. At the end of 1992, a questionnaire was mailed to 167 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Outpatient Clinics. One hundred fifty-one of the surveys (> 90%) were completed and analyzed. The knowledge obtained from this survey may provide a basis for future development of an essential clinical service within the Veterans Affairs health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Haynes
- School of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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46
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Haynes LM, Patterson AA, Wade SU. Drug information service for drug product procurement in the Veterans Affairs health-care system: preliminary experience. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992; 49:595-8. [PMID: 1598933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The preliminary experience of the drug information service of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) central office is described. The drug information service assists the drug and pharmaceutical product management section of the pharmacy service for the VA central office. The purpose of the drug information service is to promote efficacious drug therapy while meeting cost containment goals for pharmaceutical products. The pharmacist coordinator of this service has experience in both patient care and drug information service. The drug information service is involved in the following activities: (1) making recommendations for contract bidding on therapeutically equivalent products, (2) identifying prescription duplication within the system, (3) reporting product defects, (4) planning drug procurement in unique situations, such as during war, (5) developing gender-specific therapy, (6) evaluating the appropriateness of brand-name-only purchasing of certain products, (7) evaluating new drug products, (8) compiling national drug-use data, and (9) projecting drug price increases. The VA drug information service has diverse responsibilities meant to optimize drug therapy and reduce pharmacy costs in the VA health-care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Haynes
- Pharmacy Service, Veterans Affairs Central Office (VACO), Hines, IL 60521
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