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Zhu GW, Guo J, Li YJ, Luo L, Sugita T, Tomoda T. The effect of peony and licorice decoction on the voltage-gated sodium channel subtype 1.4 based on standard decoction. World J Tradit Chin Med 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_10_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhu G, Ma S, Li X, Zhang P, Tang L, Cao L, Liu A, Sugita T, Tomoda T. The effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the voltage-gated sodium channel subtype 1.4. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 136:57-65. [PMID: 29433959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and its monomeric compounds on Nav1.4 voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and analyze the relationship between the content of its marker compounds and the inhibitory rate. Based on this study, we found that 4 mg/ml ethanol extract of G. uralensis at 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (v/v) exhibited 77.00 ± 0.03%, 34.75 ± 0.09%, 100.00 ± 0.01% and 2.00 ± 0.01% inhibitory rates on INav1.4 respectively, and 8 mg/ml ethanol extract of G. uralensis at 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (v/v) exhibited 99.00 ± 0.01%, 97.10 ± 0.02%, 100.00 ± 0.01% and 17.00 ± 0.04% inhibitory rates on INav1.4 respectively. Isoliquiritigenin, echinatin, liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid exhibited higher inhibitory rates of 39.98 ± 4.55%, 33.20 ± 1.61%, 22.62 ± 0.30% and 20.54 ± 4.82% respectively. However, liquiritigenin, formononetin, neoisoliquiritin and glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited lower inhibitory rates of less than 20%. Further, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin and neoliquiritin exhibited almost no effect on INav1.4. These findings showed that glycyrrhizic acid reached a maximum concentration of 49.15 μg/ml, while echinatin had the lowest concentration. The ethanol extract of G. uralensis has significant inhibitory effects on Nav1.4 VGSCs. This may be an important mechanism in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasm and could guide further research regarding material basis and mechanism of the treatment of gastrocnemius spasm with peony and licorice decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shengjun Ma
- School of Food Sciences and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- China Medico Corporation, Tianjin, 300301, China.
| | - Lijuan Cao
- China Medico Corporation, Tianjin, 300301, China.
| | - Aoxue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Chow S, Kurogi H, Yamamoto T, Tomoda T, Mochioka N, Shirotori F, Yoshinaga T, Ambe D, Okazaki M, Nagai S, Yanagimoto T. Reproductive isolation between sympatric Anguilla japonica and Anguilla marmorata. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:1517-1525. [PMID: 28990671 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism in the intron of the androgen receptor gene (ar5) was found in glass to silver-stage individuals of Anguilla japonica (n = 51) and A. marmorata (n = 21). The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA from 328 anguillid leptocephali collected in the North Equatorial Current of the western North Pacific Ocean revealed the specimens to be A. japonica (n = 194), A. marmorata (n = 128), A. bicolor pacifica (n = 5) and A. luzonensis (n = 1). All leptocephali of A. japonica and A. marmorata were monomorphic and did not share an allele at the ar5 locus, indicating that the two species are reproductively isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - H Kurogi
- Yokosuka Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6-3-1, Nagai, Kanagawa, 238-0316, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Yokosuka Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6-3-1, Nagai, Kanagawa, 238-0316, Japan
| | - T Tomoda
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 205 Natsui, Shibushi, Kagoshima, 899-7101, Japan
| | - N Mochioka
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - F Shirotori
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - T Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - D Ambe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - M Okazaki
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - S Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - T Yanagimoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
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Tomoda T, Sumitomo A, Jaaro-Peled H, Sawa A. Utility and validity of DISC1 mouse models in biological psychiatry. Neuroscience 2016; 321:99-107. [PMID: 26768401 PMCID: PMC4803604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have seen an era of explosive progress in translating neurobiology into etiological understanding of mental disorders for the past 10-15 years. The discovery of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene was one of the major driving forces that have contributed to the progress. The finding that DISC1 plays crucial roles in neurodevelopment and synapse regulation clearly underscored the utility and validity of DISC1-related biology in advancing our understanding of pathophysiological processes underlying psychiatric conditions. Despite recent genetic studies that failed to identify DISC1 as a risk gene for sporadic cases of schizophrenia, DISC1 mutant mice, coupled with various environmental stressors, have proven successful in satisfying face validity as models of a wide range of human psychiatric conditions. Investigating mental disorders using these models is expected to further contribute to the circuit-level understanding of the pathological mechanisms, as well as to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - A Sumitomo
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - H Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Inokuchi H, Nakamura T, Tomoda T, Takada A, Takayama K, Makita C, Shiomi M, Kato T, Fuwa N. Assessment of Acute Cervical Skin Toxicity Due to Fractionated Proton Beam Therapy for Head-and-Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kadoya N, Kato T, Suzuki M, Kagiya M, Saito T, Nakamura T, Tomoda T, Takada A, Fuwa N, Obata Y. Dose-volume Comparison of Proton Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okamoto M, Akiyama S, Tomoda T, Abe H, Tsukada J. Antitumor effect of dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Okamoto M, Yusa S, Shimamura K, Ogawa T, Tomoda T. Dendritic cell-based vaccination in combination with gemcitabine/S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3037 Background: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis. Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination. However, clinical responses to the immunotherapy with DC vaccination have only been observed in a minority of patients with solid cancer. Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of cancer cells. It has been shown previously that gemcitabine as well as S-1 sensitises human pancreatic carcinoma cells against CTL-mediated lysis. In the current study, the clinical efficacy of the DC vaccine pulsed with the peptide derived from pancreatic cancer-associated antigen in combination with gemcitabine/S-1 has been evaluated in the patients with advanced, inoperable pancreatic cancer. Methods: Thirteen patients with advanced, inoperable pancreatic cancer refractory to standard treatment were entered the study. DCs that were generated from CD14+ monocytes from leukapheresis by 6-day cultivation with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 were matured by OK-432, a streptococcal agent, and were pulsed with the pancreatic cancer-associated antigen. These DCs (1 x 107) were intradermally administered 5 times at 14-day intervals concomitantly combined with gemcitabine and/or S-1. Results: Of the 13 patients, complete response (CR) was observed in 2 (15.4%), partial response (PR) in 7 (54.8%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (15.4%), progressive disease (PD) in 2 (15.4%). Response rate was 69.2%. Survival rate, quality of life, and performance status were markedly increased. Severe side effects of more than grade 3 that were assessed in accordance with NCI-Common Toxicity Criteria v.2.0, were not observed. Conclusions: It was strongly suggested that the DC vaccination pulsed with cancer associated-peptid in combination with gemcitabine and/or S-1 was safety and effective in the patients with the inoperable pancreatic cancer refractory to standard treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Okamoto
- Musashino University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Japan; Tella, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Japan; Seren Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Yusa
- Musashino University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Japan; Tella, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Japan; Seren Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Shimamura
- Musashino University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Japan; Tella, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Japan; Seren Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Musashino University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Japan; Tella, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Japan; Seren Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Tomoda
- Musashino University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Japan; Tella, Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Japan; Seren Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kamitori Y, Okada E, Ota N, Tomoda T, Terai N. Reaction of β,β-Bis(trifluoroacetyl)vinyl Ethers and β-Trifluoroacetylvinyl Ethers with 1,2-Phenylenediamines Accessing Fluorine-Containing Benzo[b][1,4]diazepine Derivatives — A Study about the Reaction Based on Molecular Orbital Calculations. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Imagawa A, Fujiki S, Kawahara Y, Matsushita H, Ota S, Tomoda T, Morito Y, Sakakihara I, Fujimoto T, Taira A, Tsugeno H, Kawano S, Yagi S, Takenaka R. Satisfaction with bispectral index monitoring of propofol-mediated sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective, randomized study. Endoscopy 2008; 40:905-9. [PMID: 19023932 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is one of the most complex and lengthy endoscopic procedures, so deep sedation during ESD is indispensable. Our study aims were to determine whether bispectral index (BIS) monitoring is useful in titrating and reducing the dose of the sedative propofol during ESD, and to measure the satisfaction of patients and endoscopists involved in this complex and lengthy endoscopic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial from July 2006 to February 2008. A total of 156 patients, with gastric neoplasm to be treated using ESD, were randomized to two groups. The BIS group (n = 78) was monitored for propofol sedation using BIS, and the no-BIS group (n = 78) was monitored by standard methods only. The two groups were compared by evaluating the doses of propofol administered to patients and the satisfaction scores (scale of 0 - 10) of patients and endoscopists. RESULTS Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean dose of propofol used (BIS group vs. no-BIS group, 5.32 mg/kg/hour vs. 4.85 mg/kg/hour; P = 0.10), the satisfaction scores of the patients (9.15 vs. 7.94; P < 0.01) and endoscopists (8.53 vs. 6.42; P < 0.001) were significantly higher with BIS monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring with BIS during the ESD procedure did not lead to a reduction in the dose of propofol required, but did lead to higher satisfaction scores from the patients and endoscopists. A complicated and prolonged endoscopic treatment such as ESD can be carried out with optimal safety, control, and comfort by using BIS to monitor propofol sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Imagawa
- Tsuyama Central Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama, Japan.
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Fuwa N, Kodaira T, Furutani K, Tachibana H, Nakamura T, Nakahara R, Tomoda T, Inokuchi H, Daimon T. Intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced oral cavity cancer: analysis of therapeutic results in 134 cases. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1039-45. [PMID: 18283309 PMCID: PMC2275486 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic results of arterial injection therapy via the superficial temporal artery for 134 cases of stages III and IV (M0) oral cavity cancer retrospectively, and to clarify the prognostic factors. We administered intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy by continuous infusion of carboplatin in 65 cases from January 1993 to July 2002. Systemic chemotherapy was performed on 26 cases at the same time. We administered intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy by cisplatin with sodium thiosulphate in 69 cases from October 2002 to December 2006. Systemic chemotherapy was performed on 48 cases at the same time. The 3-year local control rate was 68.6% (T2-3: 77.9%; T4: 51.3%), and the 3-year survival rate was 53.9% (stage III: 62.9%; stage IV: 45.3%). Regarding the results of multivariate analysis of survival rates, age (<65), selective intra-arterial infusion, and the use of cisplatin as an agent for intra-arterial infusion were significant factors. The therapeutic results of intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy via the superficial temporal artery were not inferior to the results of surgery. In particular, the results of arterial injection therapy by cisplatin with sodium thiosulphate were excellent, so we believe that it will be a new therapy for advanced oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fuwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Kamitori Y, Ota N, Tomoda T, Terai N, Shibata D, Médebielle M, Okada E. A Convenient Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]diazepinols and Its Application to a Synthesis of Novel N-Sulfinylanilines. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(n)82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kodaira T, Fuwa N, Tachibana H, Nakamura T, Tomoda T, Nakahara R, Inokuchi H, Nakanishi T. Prospective Study of Alternating Chemoradiotherapy Consisted of Extended-field Dynamic Conformational Radiotherapy and Systemic Chemotherapy Using 5FU and Nedaplatin for Patients With High-risk Group of Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ishizuka K, Chen J, Taya S, Li W, Millar JK, Xu Y, Clapcote SJ, Hookway C, Morita M, Kamiya A, Tomoda T, Lipska BK, Roder JC, Pletnikov M, Porteous D, Silva AJ, Cannon TD, Kaibuchi K, Brandon NJ, Weinberger DR, Sawa A. Evidence that many of the DISC1 isoforms in C57BL/6J mice are also expressed in 129S6/SvEv mice. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:897-9. [PMID: 17895924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maruyama Y, Ando T, Honjo K, Shimoda M, Mochizuki H, Toda H, Kamiya A, Ishida N, Tomoda T, Sawa A, Furukubo-Tokunaga K. Overexpression of DISC1 impairs associative learning and arousal in Drosophila. Neurosci Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aishima M, Tomoda T, Yunoki T, Nakano T, Seki N, Yonemitsu Y, Sueishi K, Naito S, Ito Y, Teramoto N. Actions of ZD0947, a novel ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, on membrane currents in human detrusor myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:542-50. [PMID: 17016513 PMCID: PMC2014675 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K(ATP) channels) play important roles in regulating the resting membrane potential of detrusor smooth muscle. Actions of ZD0947, a novel KATP channel opener, on both carbachol (CCh)-induced detrusor contractions and membrane currents in human urinary bladder myocytes were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Tension measurements and patch-clamp techniques were utilized to study the effects of ZD0947 in segments of human urinary bladder. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to detect the expression of the sulphonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and the SUR2B antigens in human detrusor muscle. KEY RESULTS ZD0947 (> or = 0.1 microM) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of the CCh-induced contraction of human detrusor, which was reversed by glibenclamide. The rank order of the potency to relax the CCh-induced contraction was pinacidil > ZD0947 > diazoxide. In conventional whole-cell configuration, ZD0947 (> or = 1 microM) caused a concentration-dependent inward K+ current which was suppressed by glibenclamide at -60 mV. When 1 mM ATP was included in the pipette solution, application of pinacidil or ZD0947 caused no inward K+ current at -60 mV. Gliclazide (< or =1 microM), a selective SUR1 blocker, inhibited the ZD0947-induced currents (Ki = 4.0 microM) and the diazoxide-induced currents (high-affinity site, Ki1 = 42.4 nM; low-affinity site, Ki2 = 84.5 microM) at -60 mV. Immunohistochemical studies indicated the presence of SUR1 and SUR2B proteins, which are constituents of KATP channels, in the bundles of human detrusor smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that ZD0947 caused a glibenclamide-sensitive detrusor relaxation through activation of glibenclamide-sensitive KATP channels in human urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Tomoda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Yunoki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Nakano
- Division of Pathophysiological and Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Seki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Yonemitsu
- Department of Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - K Sueishi
- Division of Pathophysiological and Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Naito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Teramoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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Zhu HL, Tomoda T, Aishima M, Ito Y, Teramoto N. The actions of azelnidipine, a dihydropyridine-derivative Ca antagonist, on voltage-dependent Ba2+ currents in guinea-pig vascular smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:786-96. [PMID: 17016499 PMCID: PMC2014663 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although azelnidipine is used clinically to treat hypertension its effects on its target cells, Ca2+ channels, in smooth muscle have not been elucidated. Therefore, its effects on spontaneous contractions and voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels were investigated in guinea-pig portal vein. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The inhibitory potency of azelnidipine on spontaneous contractions in guinea-pig portal vein was compared with those of other dihydropyridine (DHP)-derived Ca antagonists (amlodipine and nifedipine) by recording tension. Also its effects on voltage-dependent nifedipine-sensitive inward Ba2+ currents (IBa) in smooth muscle cells dispersed from guinea-pig portal vein were investigated by use of a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique. KEY RESULTS Spontaneous contractions in guinea-pig portal vein were reduced by all of the Ca antagonists (azelnidipine, Ki = 153 nM; amlodipine, Ki = 16 nM; nifedipine, Ki = 7 nM). In the whole-cell experiments, azelnidipine inhibited the peak amplitude of IBa in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner (-60 mV, Ki = 282 nM; -90 mV, Ki = 2 microM) and shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of IBa to the left at -90 mV by 16 mV. The inhibitory effects of azelnidipine on IBa persisted after 7 min washout at -60 mV. In contrast, IBa gradually recovered after being inhibited by amlodipine, but did not return to control levels. Both azelnidipine and amlodipine caused a resting block of IBa at -90 mV. Only nifedipine appeared to interact competitively with S(-)-Bay K 8644. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that azelnidipine induces long-lasting vascular relaxation by inhibiting voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Tomoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Aishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Teramoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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Sawa A, Tomoda T, Bae BI. Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in Huntington's disease. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 100:287-95. [PMID: 14526190 DOI: 10.1159/000072864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetically dominant neurodegenerative condition caused by an unique mutation in the disease gene huntingtin. Although the Huntington protein (Htt) is ubiquitously expressed, expansion of the polyglutamine tract in Htt leads to the progressive loss of specific neuronal subpopulations in HD brains. In this article, we will summarize the current understanding on mechanisms of how mutant Htt can elicit cytotoxicity, as well as how the selective sets of neuronal cell death occur in HD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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19
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Solecki DJ, Liu XL, Tomoda T, Fang Y, Hatten ME. Activated Notch2 signaling inhibits differentiation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors by maintaining proliferation. Neuron 2001; 31:557-68. [PMID: 11545715 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the developing cerebellar cortex, granule neuron precursors (GNPs) proliferate and commence differentiation in a superficial zone, the external granule layer (EGL). The molecular basis of the transition from proliferating precursors to immature differentiating neurons remains unknown. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating the differentiation of precursor cells of many lineages. Notch2 is specifically expressed in proliferating GNPs in the EGL. Treatment of GNPs with soluble Notch ligand Jagged1, or overexpression of activated Notch2 or its downstream target HES1, maintains precursor proliferation. The addition of GNP mitogens Jagged1 or Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) upregulates the expression of HES1, suggesting a role for HES1 in maintaining precursor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Solecki
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Abstract
In the developing cerebellum, granule neuron axon outgrowth is a key step toward establishing proper connections with Purkinje neurons, the principal output neuron of the cerebellum. During a search for genes that function in this process, we identified a receptor tyrosine kinase discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) expressed in granule cells throughout their development. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of DDR1 in immature granule cells results in severe reduction of neurite outgrowth in vitro, in dissociated primary culture, and in vivo, in organotypic slices of neonatal cerebellum. Granule cells that fail to extend axons are positive for differentiation markers such as TAG-1 and the neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin, suggesting that development is affected after granule cells commit to terminal differentiation. DDR1 activation appears to be mediated by its ligand, collagen, which is localized to the pial layer of the developing cerebellum, thereby leading to granule cell parallel fiber extension. Our results therefore indicate that collagen-DDR1 signaling is essential for granule neuron axon formation and further suggest a unique role of pia in cerebellar cortex histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Bhatt
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA
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21
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Hashiba T, Hirokawa M, Chiba K, Tomoda T, Matsuoka Y, Sugiura S, Iwai Y, Kobayashi S, Nakano A, Takeda K. [Treatment of renal cell carcinoma extending into the right atrium with extra-corporeal circulation using high-grade hypothermia: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:255-9. [PMID: 10845157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A 68-year-old woman underwent surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma associated with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium. Although the tumor thrombus reached the level of the right atrium, there were no other apparent metastases. Combination therapy with interferon alfa plus tegafur/uracil (UFT) was attempted with the expectation of reducing the tumor thrombus, but there was no change. Successful management was achieved with right radical nephrectomy, right auriculotomy, and partial cavectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass under high-grade hypothermia. After removal of the tumor and thrombus, blood loss was 13,900 ml during the patient's recovery. She had mild heart failure for about two weeks after the operation, but recovered. She was discharged on the 40th day after the operation. Proper preparation for blood transfusion is the key point of this operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hashiba
- Department of Urology, Fujisawa City Hospital
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22
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Takebayashi S, Hosaka M, Kubota Y, Noguchi K, Fukuda M, Ishibashi Y, Tomoda T, Matsubara S. Computerized tomographic ureteroscopy for diagnosing ureteral tumors. J Urol 2000; 163:42-6. [PMID: 10604310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Helical computerized tomography (CT) image acquisition has led to the availability of improved data sets for CT endoscopic imaging that represent virtual endoscopy using CT. We assessed the usefulness of CT ureteroscopic imaging for diagnosing ureteral tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 patients with ureteral stenosis underwent surface rendering CT ureteroscopy after the intravenous administration of contrast material and furosemide. To distinguish ureteral tumors from ureteral strictures 2 observers blinded to other patient history and evaluation data independently and prospectively evaluated CT ureteroscopy with reformatted CT ureterograms in these 16 patients. CT ureteroscopic images were then correlated with surgical and pathological findings, which served as the gold standard. RESULTS Surgical and pathological findings in the 16 patients revealed 16 ureteral tumors, including carcinoma in 10 (carcinoma in situ in 1, fibroepithelial polyps in 2 and hyperplastic polypoids in 4), inflammatory intrinsic stricture in 2 and extrinsic stricture in 4 caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis in 2 and lymph node metastasis in 2. CT ureteroscopy correctly detected all lesions except 1 carcinoma in situ, 1 polypoid carcinoma and 1 hyperplastic polypoid. The sensitivity and specificity of CT ureteroscopy for detecting ureteral tumors and carcinoma were 81% and 100%, and 80% and 75%, respectively, when tumors without stalks were considered carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS CT ureteroscopy is useful for visualizing the complex morphology of ureteral tumors and distinguishing tumor from ureteral stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takebayashi
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
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23
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Tomoda T, Bhatt RS, Kuroyanagi H, Shirasawa T, Hatten ME. A mouse serine/threonine kinase homologous to C. elegans UNC51 functions in parallel fiber formation of cerebellar granule neurons. Neuron 1999; 24:833-46. [PMID: 10624947 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cerebellar circuitry depends on the outgrowth of connections between the two principal classes of neurons, granule neurons and Purkinje neurons. To identify genes that function in axon outgrowth, we have isolated a mouse homolog of C. elegans UNC51, which is required for axon formation, and tested its function in cerebellar granule neurons. Murine Unc51.1 encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase and is expressed in granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. Retroviral infection of immature granule cells with a dominant negative Unc51.1 results in inhibition of neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, infected neurons fail to express TAG-1 or neuron-specific beta-tubulin, suggesting that development is arrested prior to this initial step of differentiation. Thus, Unc51.1 signals the program of gene expression leading to the formation of granule cell axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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24
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Kurashige T, Tomoda T. [Interleukin-2 production test]. Nihon Rinsho 1999; 57 Suppl:677-9. [PMID: 10635946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kurashige
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School
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25
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Maeda A, Wakiguchi H, Yokoyama W, Hisakawa H, Tomoda T, Kurashige T. Persistently high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active EBV infection. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:1012-5. [PMID: 10068600 DOI: 10.1086/314691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a severe illness with unusual EBV activation that persists for years, and its pathogenesis is largely unknown. After the creation of an accurate and reproducible polymerase chain reaction system to quantify EBV DNA, virus loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were determined in 54 children: 15 with CAEBV, 16 with infectious mononucleosis (IM), and 23 healthy children. Children with CAEBV and those with IM had high virus loads. Lower loads were detected in 47% of seropositive healthy donors. There were two distinct differences between children with CAEBV and those with IM: The former had greater viral replication (10(3)-10(7) copies/2.5x10(5) PBL) than those with IM, and viral replication declined in children with IM whereas active replication persisted for years in subjects with CAEBV. Persisting high virus loads are a possible diagnostic criterion for CAEBV. EBV loads may enable classification and prognosis of EBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maeda
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institute, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Okada T, Tomoda T, Shinohara M, Misaki Y, Shiraishi T, Fujieda M, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T. Atrioventricular block in a patient with growth hormone deficiency during growth hormone therapy. Pediatr Int 1999; 41:90-3. [PMID: 10200143 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) causes liver cell damage, however, its mechanisms remain obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS To clarify the earliest change in the course of liver cell damage induced by oral administration of ASA, rats that had received ASA at 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg bodyweight orally for 7 days were investigated. Mitochondria were isolated for measurements of mitochondrial respiration, and for electron microscopic observations, small pieces of liver were excised and fixed. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation was observed in mitochondria isolated from ASA-treated rats. Although no histological changes were evident, lamellar structures in bile canaliculi were ultrastructurally observed in all rats treated with ASA. CONCLUSIONS This laminar structure, which is negative for bilirubin staining, seems to be one of the most sensitive indicators of ASA-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
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28
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Chiba K, Hirokawa M, Saitoh K, Yumura Y, Saitoh K, Okada Y, Hashiba T, Tomoda T. [The efficacy of re-TUR after 3 weeks of initial TUR treatment for locally advanced bladder cancer]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1998; 89:604-8. [PMID: 9666687 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol1989.89.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radical cystectomy was usually performed for the patient with advanced bladder cancer. The choice of surgical procedure whether bladder preserved therapy or radical cystectomy has sometime plagued us in bladder cancer treatment. Because we don't have clear guideline for the treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer (T2-T3a N0M0). We devised a radical treatment for the patients with locally advanced bladder cancer without radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed re-TUR treatment after 3 weeks of initial TUR for 13 patients with grade 2 and locally advanced bladder cancer diagnosed with pelvic CT scan, transurethral ultrasonography or bimanual examination under the anesthesia. RESULTS We could successfully preserve all cases of bladder with the use of this devised TUR (periods 9-45 months median 22 months). This method has significantly reduced the cystectomy rate in such locally advanced cases compared with the cystectomy rate prior to 1993 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This method has significance on treatment for locally advanced papillary bladder cancer as bladder preserving therapy with careful observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chiba
- Departmene of Urology, Fujisawa Municipal Hospital
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29
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Yan J, Kuroyanagi H, Kuroiwa A, Matsuda Y, Tokumitsu H, Tomoda T, Shirasawa T, Muramatsu M. Identification of mouse ULK1, a novel protein kinase structurally related to C. elegans UNC-51. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 246:222-7. [PMID: 9600096 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel protein kinase related to the C. elegans serine/threonine kinase UNC-51 was cloned from mouse. The UNC-51-Like Kinase (ULK)1 is encoded by a cDNA of 1051 amino acids with calculated MW of 113 kDa. Comparison of the ULK1 and UNC-51 shows the highest conservation in the amino-terminal kinase domain, which is followed by a proline/serine-rich (PS) domain and a conserved carboxyl-terminal (C) domain. ULK1 mRNA is expressed in various tissues, and is mapped to mouse chromosome 5F and rat chromosome 12q16.3, by fluorescent in situ hybridization. HA-tagged ULK1 is expressed as a protein of approximately 150 kDa in COS7 cells and is auto-phosphorylated in vitro in its PS domain. We propose that ULK1, UNC-51 and a yeast protein kinase Apg1p comprise a novel subfamily of protein kinase, which is structurally conserved among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Helix Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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30
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Abstract
The malformation of focal pachypolymicrogyria might be the manifestation of an X-linked recessive disorder according to the results of this study. Three siblings revealed focal pachypolymicrogyria on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and had a strong family history of epilepsy and mental retardation. All three siblings had the same mother; the father of Patient 1 was not related to the mother, but the father of Patients 2 and 3 was related to her. The MRI of the father of Patients 2 and 3 demonstrated focal pachypolymicrogyria. The mother's MRI was normal. In this family, epilepsy or mental retardation was found mainly in the males (Patient 3 was an exception), and they were all born to female members of this family, not male. Patient 3 was probably a homozygote with an X-linked recessive inheritance, and therefore, she demonstrated the most severe clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tosa Municipal Hospital, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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31
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Chiba K, Hirokawa M, Yumura Y, Okada Y, Hashiba T, Tomoda T, Abe H, Ashida H. [A case of multiple organ failure with massive intestinal bleeding caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a postcystectomy patient--efficacy of mask continuous positive airway pressure training and intraarterial embolization]. Hinyokika Kiyo 1998; 44:109-12. [PMID: 9546132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 51-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy with tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) enteritis developed postoperatively. MRSA caused critical infections such as pneumonia and sepsis, which subsequently progressed to adult respiratory distress syndrome, massive melena and multiple organ failure. The patient was rescued by intensive management including mask continuous positive airway pressure, systemic vancomycin administration and intraarterial embolization to stop jejunal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chiba
- Department of Urology, Fujisawa City Hospital
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32
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Abstract
A case report is presented of a 15-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). She was referred to hospital because of left upper limb pain. Her left upper limb was cold, edematous and blue with a limited active range of movement. The serum concentration of noradrenaline was lower on the painful side than on the healthy side, and neurotropin, which has an antinociceptive effect to hyperalgesia, was clearly effective. Early diagnosis and management is essential in the treatment of RSD and administration of neurotropin is a useful and non-invasive treatment without severe adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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33
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Tomoda T, Ogura H, Kurashige T. Two primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine induce immunological responses to Bordetella pertussis as strong as those induced by three primary doses. Vaccine 1997; 15:1955-8. [PMID: 9413107 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis vaccinations are administered worldwide under various conditions and schedules with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP). In Japan, a general vaccination with three primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) at 4-week intervals and one booster dose 12 months after the primary series have been used since 1981. Decreasing the number of doses of the vaccination would lessen the physical and economic costs. To compare the immunological response to two versus three primary doses, we assessed antibody and cellular immune responses in health children. The anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (anti-FHA) and anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) antibody responses to two primary doses of DTaP before a booster were significantly lower than the responses to three primary doses. Although these antibody levels were low in children who received two primary doses, the FHA-induced DNA synthesis was equal to that of the children who received three doses. The anti-FHA and anti-PT antibody levels 4 weeks after the booster following two doses were similar to the levels following three doses, and high antibody titers were maintained over a long period. In areas where contact with bacteria is expected, two primary doses of DTaP may be adequate to induce the necessary level of immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Higashi-Kochi National Hospital, Japan
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34
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Mukouyama Y, Kuroyanagi H, Shirasawa T, Tomoda T, Saffen D, Oishi M, Watanabe T. Induction of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon transcripts during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12D cells and during the development of the cerebellum. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1997; 50:230-6. [PMID: 9406939 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated a possible role played by protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPepsilon), which was recently cloned and predominantly expressed in brain, in neural differentiation and function. During neuronal cell differentiation of PC12D cells triggered by NGF or FGF, PTPepsilon transcripts were transiently induced at a time between the appearance of transcripts for immediate-early genes and for neuronal cell-specific markers. PTPepsilon was the only PTPase whose transcripts were induced during PC12D cell differentiation among over two dozen PTPase transcripts so far examined. Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed that PTPepsilon transcripts were detected in the neural tube of day 12 postcoitum embryo, and in the nervous system including brain, spinal cord, and ganglions in a ubiquitous manner in late gestational stages. In 4-day-old neonatal mice, the transcripts were widely distributed in the central nervous system where the strongest expression was detected in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb. Interestingly, in day 7 and 16 neonatal brains, the strongest PTPepsilon gene expression was localized in the granular cells of cerebellum, which might indicate that PTPepsilon is involved in the differentiation of the granular cells. The biological significance of PTPepsilon in neuronal differentiation and brain functions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mukouyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Muramatsu M, Yan J, Eto K, Tomoda T, Yamada R, Arai K. A chimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor system reveals the potential of multiple type II receptors to cooperate with transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor. Mol Biol Cell 1997; 8:469-80. [PMID: 9188099 PMCID: PMC276098 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.8.3.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-type serine/threonine kinases (RSKs) have been organized into two distinct classes known as types I and II on the basis of sequence similarity. However, experiments have shown ligand specificities in the two classes and as a result type I and type II receptors can often bind to a common ligand. The transforming growth factor-beta- (TGF-beta) specific receptors represent such a case, where both type I and II receptors (T beta RI and T beta RII) are observed. Of additional interest is the observation that heteromeric associations of type I and II receptors can also enable signaling. To further elucidate the function of various RSKs, the extracellular domains of both alpha and beta chains from human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors were linked to transmembrane cytoplasmic domains of RSKs. Chimeric receptors of human granulocyte-macrophage receptor (hGMR) alpha with T beta RI and hGMR beta with T beta RII were expressed in murine pre-B cell-derived Ba/F3 cells. These chimeras formed heteromeric complexes, transmitted TGF-beta signals, and were down-modulated in response to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, experiments utilizing these chimeric receptors in different combinations revealed that only heteromeric associations of transmembrane cytoplasmic domains mediated signaling and down-modulation. Chimeric receptors with transmembrane cytoplasmic domains of activin receptor type II and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II also provided signals in conjunction with chimeric T beta RI. As a result, these type II receptors may share a common potential to signal via T beta RI. hGMR-RSK chimeric receptors may be useful tools for the identification and characterization of the divergent signals mediated by individual RSKs.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I
- Animals
- Bombyx
- COS Cells
- Cell Line
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Growth Inhibitors/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Receptors, Growth Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/drug effects
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Shinohara M, Morisawa K, Ota K, Qu Z, Takeda K, Hashimoto K, Tomoda T, Kurashige T, Taniguchi T. Correlation between HLA-DR expression and level of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in human thyroid carcinoma cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1997; 43:227-35. [PMID: 9130606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The expression of MHC class II molecules is normally restricted to antigen presenting cells. Aberrant expression of class II molecules, however, was detected in the thyrocytes of autoimmune thyroid diseases. We attempted to regulate the expression of HLA-DR molecules in thyroid carcinoma cells by expressing the exogenous poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase gene. We transfected a metal inducible expression plasmid capable of expressing poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase gene into thyroid carcinoma 8505C cells and the transformants, treated with metal and IFN-gamma, were separated by Magnetic Cell Separation. The activity of the synthetase was increased in the HLA-DR-enriched transformants as compared with that in control or the HLA-DR+ transformants. RNA blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis revealed that the IFN-gamma-inducible expression of HLA-DR molecules was depressed by the induction of exogenous poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase gene. This result indicates that HLA-DR expression was correlated with the level of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in human thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore we examined the level of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. We observed a significant decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in the patients. Taken together with the previous observation, the decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase is closely linked to the aberrant expression of HLA-DR molecules in some autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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37
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Tagawa M, Shirasawa T, Yahagi Y, Tomoda T, Kuroyanagi H, Fujimura S, Sakiyama S, Maruyama N. Identification of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in postmitotic maturing neurons: its structure and expression in the central nervous system. Biochem J 1997; 321 ( Pt 3):865-71. [PMID: 9032477 PMCID: PMC1218146 DOI: 10.1042/bj3210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a rat cDNA encoding a receptor-type protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (RTP) expressed in brain and kidney (RPTP-BK) and characterized its expression in the developing central nervous system. RPTP-BK has seven fibronectin type III-like repeats in the extracellular region and a unique catalytic phosphatase domain in the cytoplasmic region. Bacterial expression of its phosphatase domain showed that the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues was mediated by the cytoplasmic catalytic domain. Sequence comparison revealed that RPTP-BK is homologous with GLEPP1, a rabbit PTP expressed in renal glomerular epithelia, and has the same phosphatase domain as murine PTPphi expressed in macrophages. RPTP-BK has also significant homology with Drosophila DPTP10D in the phosphatase domain, whose expression is localized exclusively in growth cones of the embryonal brains. The gene for RPTP-BK is well conserved among other species, and the expression in the brain but not in the kidney is developmentally regulated during the neonatal stage. Hybridization in situ showed that RPTP-BK is highly expressed in the postmitotic maturing neurons of the olfactory bulb, developing neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Because the expression of RPTP-BK in the developing neocortex is correlated with the stage of axonogenesis in cortical neurons, RPTP-BK might be crucial in neural cell development of the mammalian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
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Tomoda T, Shirasawa T, Yahagi YI, Ishii K, Takagi H, Furiya Y, Arai KI, Mori H, Muramatsu MA. Transforming growth factor-beta is a survival factor for neonate cortical neurons: coincident expression of type I receptors in developing cerebral cortices. Dev Biol 1996; 179:79-90. [PMID: 8873755 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1996.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional polypeptide which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and organogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of signaling receptors for TGF-beta in developing mice by in situ hybridization, revealing a significant difference in the expression of TGF-beta type I and type II receptors. Unexpectedly, the TGF-beta type I receptors were exclusively expressed without any detectable expression of the TGF-beta type II receptors in developing cerebral cortices. In primary cortical neurons, a neutralizing antibody for TGF-beta significantly reduced the expression of bcl-2 and subsequently induced neuronal cell death, indicating that TGF-beta functions as a survival factor for cortical neurons in vitro. Consistent with the result of in situ hybridization, the TGF-beta, type I but not type II receptors were detected in primary cortical neurons by affinity crosslink and RT-PCR analyses. The concomitant expression of TGF-beta2 and the TGF-beta type I receptors in developing cerebral cortices suggests that the TGF-beta signaling system plays a pivotal role in neuronal differentiation and that unidentified components may be involved in TGF-beta signaling in the development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan
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39
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Yahagi Y, Tagawa M, Tomoda T, Shirasawa T. Binary expression of olfactory bulb-protein tyrosine phosphatase in rat central nervous system: developmental gene regulation in neonate cerebral cortex and constitutive expression in olfactory-rhinencephalon. Neurosci Lett 1996; 211:125-8. [PMID: 8830860 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory bulb-protein tyrosine phosphatase (OB-PTP) is a receptor type PTPase dominantly expressed in olfactory bulb. Previously, we isolated and molecularly cloned a rat OB-PTP cDNA from an embryonal brain cDNA library. In the present study, we investigated its temporal and spatial gene expression by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. The expression of OB-PTP gene was firstly detected in day 16 post coitum embryo and significantly increased during the late-gestational stage, attaining the highest level in the first week of neonate. The OB-PTP transcript was then down-regulated postnatally and was detected barely in an adult brain. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the transcript was characteristically localized in the postmitotic neurons of cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, and was down-regulated by day 28 when the cortical and subcortical structures have been organized. In the olfactory-rhinencephalon system including olfactory bulb and piriform cortex, the OB-PTP was preferentially expressed in the postmitotic neurons, and in contrast continuously expressed in the matured brain. Based on the evidence that DPTP10D, the Drosophila homolog of OB-PTP, is localized in the axons of specific pioneer neurons in Drosophila embryo, the OB-PTP is presumably involved in the axonogenesis of cortical and subcortical neurons as well as olfactory neurons in mammalian central nervous system. The biological significance of transcriptional regulation in olfactory system is discussed in terms of continuous axonal connections by regenerating olfactory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yahagi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
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40
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Tsurumi H, Miura T, Yamada T, Sawada M, Nakamura N, Tomoda T, Takahashi T, Oyama M, Moriwaki H, Muto Y. [Continuous infusion therapy with low dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide in acute myelogenous leukemia patients hardly tolerable for intensive combination chemotherapy]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1995; 36:657-64. [PMID: 7563593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of continuous drip infusion therapy with low dose cytosine arabinoside (AraC) and etoposide (VP16) in poor-condition patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients' age ranged from 19 to 85 years with a median of 63 years. Principally they received continuous drip infusion for 14 days with AraC (20 mg/day) and VP16 (50 mg/day). Complete remission (CR) rate was 58.3% (7/12) in untreated cases, 33.3% (2/6) in refractory cases to the standard chemotherapy, and 28.6% (2/7) in relapsed cases. The duration of CR ranged from 1.5 to 20 (+) months (median 8) in untreated group and from 2 to 22 months (median 10) in refractory and relapsed groups. Adverse effects such as gastroenterological symptoms appeared but were tolerable. Although infections due to myelosuppression appeared in 22 of 25 cases, they were well controlled by antibiotics. Chemotherapy-related death was not observed. Although CR rate and CR duration of this therapy were not sufficiently high, the regimen was effective in some patients with refractory or relapsed AML. Further studies are required to establish the efficacy, indication and safety of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsurumi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine
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41
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Tomoda T, Okada T, Hisakawa H, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T. Interferon-alpha potentiates priming-dependent FMLP-induced neutrophil superoxide generation in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1995; 37:217-21. [PMID: 7793260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 13 year old girl diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) alone and 4 months later hematological remission was obtained. In the course of the IFN-alpha treatment there was neither infectious sign nor side effects. In this study we have examined the effect of IFN-alpha on superoxide O2- generation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The PMN of the patient generated less O2- than PMN from normal controls. When patient PMN were cultured in the presence of 1000 U/mL IFN-alpha, enhancement of the formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced O2- generation following priming with tissue necrosis factor-alpha was observed. Over the course of the IFN-alpha therapy, such O2- generation was gradually restored. It is suggested that CML PMN are in the resting condition in terms of their ability to generate O2- and that IFN-alpha is effective in inducing O2- generation by CML PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Okada T, Tomoda T, Morita H, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T. Beta-thalassemia with the IVS-I-1 (G-->T) mutation in a Japanese girl. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1995; 37:203-5. [PMID: 7793257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the hemoglobins of a Japanese girl with beta-thalassemia and those of her immediate family. DNA sequencing of the cloned beta-globin gene from this patient revealed a point mutation at the IVS-I position 1 (G-->T). This rare point mutation has been found in Asian Indians, but this is the first reported Japanese case.
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Tomoda T, Morita H, Kurashige T, Maassab HF. Prevention of influenza by the intranasal administration of cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine: importance of interferon-gamma production and local IgA response. Vaccine 1995; 13:185-90. [PMID: 7625114 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)93134-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To clarify which immunological factors were more effective in preventing influenza virus infection, we measured immunological parameters induced by vaccination and infection in vivo and in vitro. Healthy adult subjects (n = 128) were divided into vaccinated (n = 85) and untreated (n = 43) groups. Eighty-five were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccine containing type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses. Subjects were mostly seropositive before vaccination. In 29 (80.6%) of the 36 examinees showing a prevaccination HI antibody titre of less than 1:128, the titre increased more than four times after vaccination. On the other hand, an increase of more than four times was found in four (8.2%) of the 49 individuals who had shown a prevaccination titre of more than 1:128. The IgA antibody was negligibly detected in the nasal wash specimens before vaccination, and was induced by vaccination in some cases. Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in cultured lymphocytes of the same subjects stimulated by H1N1 virus in vitro were correlated with the HI antibody titre. However, the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production was low before vaccination, regardless of the HI antibody titre, and showed a significant increase after vaccination. It was suggested that local IgA response and IFN-gamma production play important roles in the prevention of influenza. Since there was the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Kochi Prefecture after completion of blood samples 6-8 weeks after the second vaccination, we examined the above hypothesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Adult
- Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
A case is reported of a female infant having multiple anomalies, including epicanthic folds, hypertelorism, bifid nasal bridge, shallow philtrum, low-set ears, brain atrophy, cleft palate, hemangioma on the chest, and reduction deformity of the left upper limb. This is the first case where an infant who was exposed to sodium valproate intra-uterine has a reduction deformity of the upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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45
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Hosokawa T, Tomoda T, Misaki Y, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T. Marked increase of peripheral blood myeloblasts following G-CSF therapy in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1995; 37:78-80. [PMID: 7538724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A 9 year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and showed a marked increment of myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. He was administered repeated courses of intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) therapy (1500 mg/m2, days 1-5) for frequent central nervous system (CNS) relapse of ALL. The peripheral white blood cell nadir was less than 1000/microL, so he was treated with rhG-CSF. A marked increment of peripheral blood blasts was noted 3-5 days after rhG-CSF treatment. These cells decreased with the appearance of mature myeloid cells and disappeared about 2 weeks after the start of treatment. These findings suggested that the blasts might have the ability to differentiate into mature myeloid cells. A control patient with repeated CNS relapse of ALL showed no increment of peripheral blood blasts after similar repeated courses of Ara-C without rhG-CSF treatment. Cultured peripheral blood blasts obtained from the present patient showed differentiation into mature myeloid cells by morphological studies and surface marker analysis. These findings indicate that the peripheral blood blasts drawn by G-CSF were not leukemic blasts but normal myeloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hosokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Tomoda T, Takai A. [Tubercle bacilli and the defence factors for infection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. Kekkaku 1994; 69:743-9. [PMID: 7844930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The defence factors against infection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were measured. As the defence factors, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory IgA (sIgA) in sputum or BALF of patients with bacilli (+) or (-) tuberculosis were measured and compared. Lactoferrin in sputum was significantly higher in patients with sputum smear positive tuberculosis compared with patients with smear and culture negative tuberculosis. SIgA in sputum was significantly higher in smear negative and culture positive cases compared with culture negative cases. As to the lysozyme in sputum, significant difference was not proved between each group. The level of these factors in BALF did not show significant difference between bacilli (+) and (-) cases. Neither significant correlation was observed among the level of three defence factors in sputum or BALF, nor between the number of leucocyte and tubercle bacilli in sputum. In tubercle bacilli positive group, however, significant positive correlation between the number of leucocyte and lactoferrin in sputum was found. In vitro experiments, high concentration of lactoferrin or lysozyme inhibited the growth of standard strain of tubercle bacilli (H37Rv) and BCG. The results suggest that the measurement of lactoferrin, lysozyme and sIgA in sputum or BALF is useful to determine the clinical activity of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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Abstract
The IL-2 system which involves IL-2 production, IL-2 receptor expression, and response to IL-2, is associated with autoimmune phenomena. Immunological abnormalities including autoimmune phenomena are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of IDDM. In this study, the production of IL-2, the responses to IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expression by peripheral blood T lymphocytes were compared in IDDM and normal non-diabetic children. The percentage of IL-2 receptor-positive circulating T cells was significantly increased in diabetic children, although IL-2 receptor expression induced by con A stimulation did not differ in the diabetic and control children. IL-2 production was significantly decreased in diabetic children compared with the control children. The response of stimulated T cells to IL-2 did not differ in IDDM and control children. In IDDM, IL-2 production by CD4-positive T lymphocytes within the IL-2 system is thought to be selectively defective. On the other hand, IL-4, which is also produced by CD4-positive T lymphocytes, was increased. Since IL-4 did not suppress IL-2 production, it would seem that the IL-2 producing subset in CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells is decreased in IDDM. These results suggest that in recent onset IDDM, IL-2 receptor-positive circulating T cells require an IL-2 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
Although it has been suggested that acetylsalicylate (ASA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome, administration of ASA alone does not cause this syndrome in therapeutic doses. We noted, however, that Ca2+ plays important roles in the regulation of cellular functions. ASA at concentrations of 250 microM or less, which had little effect on succinate-linked respiration, impaired Ca2+ accumulation in liver mitochondria by causing an increase in Ca2+ release. ASA plus Ca2+, which in concentrations of 150 microM or less alone had little effect on mitochondrial respiration, inhibited state 3 respiration and dinitrophenol-induced uncoupling of respiration. In addition, ASA plus Ca2+ increased state 4 respiration and ATPase activity. These results indicate that ASA plus Ca2+ impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and suggest that ASA and ASA-induced Ca2+ increases in cytosol form a vicious circle of effects. Furthermore, oral administration of ASA (150 mg/kg for 5 days running) to rats did not affect mitochondrial structure or liver function, but resulted in aberrations of mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that even therapeutic doses of ASA may induce alteration in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Wakiguchi H, Hisakawa H, Sinohara M, Watanabe S, Okada T, Misaki Y, Tomoda T, Morita H, Kurashige T. [Fluconazole therapy for pediatric patients with severe candidal infections]. Jpn J Antibiot 1994; 47:304-8. [PMID: 8182902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three children with severe candidal infections were treated with fluconazole (FLCZ). An excellent effect or a partial effect was obtained in each case. Case 1 was a boy with candida esophagitis. He had been treated for relapsed ALL and became febrile with severe swallowing pain. FLCZ was administered intravenously and he became afebrile after 10 days of the therapy. Case 2 was a boy with candida pneumonitis. He had been treated for relapsed ALL and became febrile with diffuse infiltration in chest X-ray. FLCZ was administered intravenously and he became afebrile transiently, though fever and abnormal X-ray shadows reappeared soon and died of pneumonia and leukemic infiltrations. Case 3 was a girl with candida pneumonitis. She had been treated for relapsed neuroblastoma and became febrile and dyspneic. She was treated with intravenous FLCZ with no effects and died of pneumonia. All three patients showed positive results in 2 of 3 markers for candida infection, including, Cand-Tec, D-arabinitol and fungal index. FLCZ was well tolerated and no adverse effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed. FLCZ was considered as an effective and safe antifungal agent in the treatment for fungal infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wakiguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School
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Tomoda T, Kudoh T, Noma T, Nakazawa A, Muramatsu M, Arai K. Molecular cloning of a mouse counterpart for human TGF-beta type I receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 198:1054-62. [PMID: 8117261 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta is a multifunctional polypeptide which is involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Its signaling receptors on the cell surface are postulated to be the type I (TGF beta RI) and type II receptors (TGF beta RII). Previously, TGF beta RII has been cloned and was found to be a receptor type serine/threonine kinase (RSK). In an attempt to isolate novel RSKs expressed in mouse ES cells, we obtained a clone designated as ESK2, which was very closely related to human TGF beta RI. The amino acid sequence of the intracellular domain is completely identical and the transmembrane domain is identical except for one residue. The extracellular domain is 90% homologous with a deletion and an insertion of four amino acid residues. ESK2 also binds to TGF-beta in the presence of TGF beta RII, indicating that ESK2 is the mouse counterpart for human TGF beta RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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