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Abstract
Women are more resistant than men to the development of vascular diseases. However, menopause is a factor leading to deterioration of female vascular integrity, and it is reported that the risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm is increased in postmenopausal women. Although it is suggested that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is deeply involved in the increased risk of vascular disease development, the effect of menopause on PVAT integrity is unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of menopause on PVAT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. PVAT was divided into 4 regions based on characteristics. Hypertrophy and increased inflammation of adipocytes in the PVAT were observed in the OVX group, but the effects of OVX were different for each region. OVX induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 which degrade extracellular matrix such as elastin and collagen fibers in PVAT. Degeneration of the arterial fibers of the thoracic and abdominal aorta were observed in the OVX group. These results indicate that OVX can cause dysfunction of PVAT which can cause degradation of arterial fibers. Appropriate management of PVAT may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases originating from ovarian hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Kento Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | - Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
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Giudici A, Wilkinson IB, Khir AW. Review of the Techniques Used for Investigating the Role Elastin and Collagen Play in Arterial Wall Mechanics. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 14:256-269. [PMID: 32746366 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.3005448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The arterial wall is characterised by a complex microstructure that impacts the mechanical properties of the vascular tissue. The main components consist of collagen and elastin fibres, proteoglycans, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) and ground matrix. While VSMCs play a key role in the active mechanical response of arteries, collagen and elastin determine the passive mechanics. Several experimental methods have been designed to investigate the role of these structural proteins in determining the passive mechanics of the arterial wall. Microscopy imaging of load-free or fixed samples provides useful information on the structure-function coupling of the vascular tissue, and mechanical testing provides information on the mechanical role of collagen and elastin networks. However, when these techniques are used separately, they fail to provide a full picture of the arterial micromechanics. More recently, advances in imaging techniques have allowed combining both methods, thus dynamically imaging the sample while loaded in a pseudo-physiological way, and overcoming the limitation of using either of the two methods separately. The present review aims at describing the techniques currently available to researchers for the investigation of the arterial wall micromechanics. This review also aims to elucidate the current understanding of arterial mechanics and identify some research gaps.
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Chang JF, Hsieh CY, Liou JC, Liu SH, Hung CF, Lu KC, Lin CC, Wu CC, Ka SM, Wen LL, Wu MS, Zheng CM, Ko WC. Scavenging Intracellular ROS Attenuates p-Cresyl Sulfate-Triggered Osteogenesis through MAPK Signaling Pathway and NF-κB Activation in Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080472. [PMID: 32722241 PMCID: PMC7472002 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis in human arterial smooth muscle cell (HASMC) is a key feature of uremic vascular calcification (UVC). Concerning pro-oxidant properties of p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), the therapeutic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger on PCS triggered inflammatory signaling transduction in osteogenesis was investigated in this translational research. Based on severity level of chronic kidney disease (CKD), arterial specimens with immunohistochemistry stain were quantitatively analyzed for UVC, oxidative injury and osteogenesis along with PCS concentrations. To mimic human UVC, HASMC model was used to explore whether PCS-induced ROS could trigger mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation that drive context-specific gene/protein expression, including Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In parallel with PCS accumulation, CKD arteries corresponded with UVC severity, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine), Runx2 and ALP. PCS directly phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38 (pERK/pJNK/pP38) and modulated NF-κB translocation to promote expressions of Runx2 and ALP in HASMC. Notably, intracellular ROS scavenger attenuated pERK signaling cascade and downstream osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our data demonstrate PCS induces osteogenesis through triggering intracellular ROS, pERK/pJNK/pP38 MAPK pathways and NF-κB translocation to drive Runx2 and ALP expressions, culminating in UVC. Beyond mineral dysregulation, osteocytic conversion in HASMC could be the stimulation of PCS. Thus PCS may act as a pro-osteogenic and pro-calcific toxin. From the perspective of translational medicine, PCS and intracellular ROS could serve as potential therapeutic targets for UVC in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (M.-S.W.); (C.-M.Z.)
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (M.-S.W.); (C.-M.Z.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Division of Pathology, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (M.-S.W.); (C.-M.Z.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (M.-S.W.); (C.-M.Z.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Ko
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-22-708-2121
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Mallis P, Katsimpoulas M, Kostakis A, Dipresa D, Korossis S, Papapanagiotou A, Kassi E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Vitrified Human Umbilical Arteries as Potential Grafts for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:285-299. [PMID: 32170557 PMCID: PMC7260347 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a biological based small diameter vascular graft (d < 6 mm), that can be properly stored over a long time period at - 196 °C, in order to directly be used to the patients, still remains a challenge. In this study the decellularized umbilical arteries (UAs) where vitrified, evaluated their composition and implanted to a porcine model, thus serving as vascular graft. METHODS Human UAs were decellularized using 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergents. Then, vitrified with vitrification solution 55 (VS55) solution, remained for 6 months in liquid nitrogen and their extracellular matrix composition was compared to conventionally cryopreserved UAs. Additionally, total hydroxyproline, sulphated glycosaminoglycan and DNA content were quantified in all samples. Finally, the vitrified umbilical arteries implanted as common carotid artery interposition graft to a porcine animal model. RESULTS Decellularized and vitrified UAs characterized by proper preservation of extracellular matrix proteins and tissue architecture, whereas conventionally cryopreserved samples exhibited a disorganized structure. Total hydroxyproline content was preserved, although sulphated glycosaminoglycan and DNA contents presented significantly alterations in all samples. Implanted UAs successfully recellularized and remodeled as indicated by the histological analysis. CONCLUSION Decellularized and vitrified UAs retained their structure function properties and can be possible used as an alternative source for readily accessible small diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniele Dipresa
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sotiris Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aggeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology Unit of Red Cross Hospital Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chamistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 17, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Sissaoui S, Yu J, Yan A, Li R, Yukselen O, Kucukural A, Zhu LJ, Lawson ND. Genomic Characterization of Endothelial Enhancers Reveals a Multifunctional Role for NR2F2 in Regulation of Arteriovenous Gene Expression. Circ Res 2020; 126:875-888. [PMID: 32065070 PMCID: PMC7212523 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Significant progress has revealed transcriptional inputs that underlie regulation of artery and vein endothelial cell fates. However, little is known concerning genome-wide regulation of this process. Therefore, such studies are warranted to address this gap. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize artery- and vein-specific endothelial enhancers in the human genome, thereby gaining insights into mechanisms by which blood vessel identity is regulated. METHODS AND RESULTS Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing for markers of active chromatin in human arterial and venous endothelial cells, we identified several thousand artery- and vein-specific regulatory elements. Computational analysis revealed that NR2F2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2) sites were overrepresented in vein-specific enhancers, suggesting a direct role in promoting vein identity. Subsequent integration of chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing data sets with RNA sequencing revealed that NR2F2 regulated 3 distinct aspects related to arteriovenous identity. First, consistent with previous genetic observations, NR2F2 directly activated enhancer elements flanking cell cycle genes to drive their expression. Second, NR2F2 was essential to directly activate vein-specific enhancers and their associated genes. Our genomic approach further revealed that NR2F2 acts with ERG (ETS-related gene) at many of these sites to drive vein-specific gene expression. Finally, NR2F2 directly repressed only a small number of artery enhancers in venous cells to prevent their activation, including a distal element upstream of the artery-specific transcription factor, HEY2 (hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2). In arterial endothelial cells, this enhancer was normally bound by ERG, which was also required for arterial HEY2 expression. By contrast, in venous endothelial cells, NR2F2 was bound to this site, together with ERG, and prevented its activation. CONCLUSIONS By leveraging a genome-wide approach, we revealed mechanistic insights into how NR2F2 functions in multiple roles to maintain venous identity. Importantly, characterization of its role at a crucial artery enhancer upstream of HEY2 established a novel mechanism by which artery-specific expression can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sissaoui
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Aimin Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Onur Yukselen
- Department of Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Department of Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
- Department of Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
- Department of Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
- Department of Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
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Regal-McDonald K, Somarathna M, Lee T, Litovsky SH, Barnes J, Peretik JM, Traylor JG, Orr AW, Patel RP. Assessment of ICAM-1 N-glycoforms in mouse and human models of endothelial dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230358. [PMID: 32208424 PMCID: PMC7092995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical event in vascular inflammation characterized, in part, by elevated surface expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). ICAM-1 is heavily N-glycosylated, and like other surface proteins, it is largely presumed that fully processed, complex N-glycoforms are dominant. However, our recent studies suggest that hypoglycosylated or high mannose (HM)-ICAM-1 N-glycoforms are also expressed on the cell surface during endothelial dysfunction, and have higher affinity for monocyte adhesion and regulate outside-in endothelial signaling by different mechanisms. Whether different ICAM-1 N-glycoforms are expressed in vivo during disease is unknown. In this study, using the proximity ligation assay, we assessed the relative formation of high mannose, hybrid and complex α-2,6-sialyated N-glycoforms of ICAM-1 in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis, as well as in arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) of patients on hemodialysis. Our data demonstrates that ICAM-1 harboring HM or hybrid epitopes as well as ICAM-1 bearing α-2,6-sialylated epitopes are present in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Further, HM-ICAM-1 positively associated with increased macrophage burden in lesions as assessed by CD68 staining, whereas α-2,6-sialylated ICAM-1 did not. Finally, both HM and α-2,6-sialylated ICAM-1 N-glycoforms were present in hemodialysis patients who had AVF maturation failure compared to successful AVF maturation. Collectively, these data provide evidence that HM- ICAM-1 N-glycoforms are present in vivo, and at levels similar to complex α-2,6-sialylated ICAM-1 underscoring the need to better understand their roles in modulating vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Regal-McDonald
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Maheshika Somarathna
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Timmy Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Silvio H. Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - J. M. Peretik
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. G. Traylor
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Abstract
Spiral artery remodeling, which is indispensable for successful pregnancy, is accomplished by endovascular trophoblasts that move upstream along the arterial wall, replace the endothelium, and disrupt the muscular lining. This review outlines the possible factors that could regulate endovascular trophoblast differentiation and invasion. First, high oxygen tension in the spiral artery could initiate endovascular trophoblast invasion. Second, activation of maternal decidual natural killer (dNK) cells could support perivascular invasion of interstitial trophoblasts and consequently could facilitate the endovascular trophoblast invasion. Third, maternal platelets trapped by the endovascular trophoblasts could enhance endovascular trophoblast invasion, which is in part mediated by chemokine CCL5 (C-C motif ligand 5) released from the activated platelets and chemokine receptor CCR1 (C-C chemokine receptor type 1) expressed specifically on the endovascular trophoblasts. The rat, in which trophoblast cells exhibit extensive interstitial and endovascular invasion, could be a suitable model animal for the study of human spiral artery remodeling. Apparently paradoxical results came from the rat study, i.e., exposure to hypoxia or depletion of dNK cells resulted in acceleration of the endovascular trophoblast invasion. This implies the presence of as-yet-undetermined regulator(s) whose effects on endovascular trophoblast invasion surpass the effects of surrounding oxygen tension or maternal dNK cells. In the future, clarification of the molecular differences between human interstitial and endovascular trophoblasts as well as establishment of the pregnant rat model exhibiting shallow endovascular trophoblast invasion and preeclamptic symptoms will contribute to elucidating the mechanism of spiral artery remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyasu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, 4-1-3 Banchou, Takamatsu, 760-0017, Japan.
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Takehara H, Sakaguchi K, Sekine H, Okano T, Shimizu T. Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: tissue engineering on a chip. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 22:9. [PMID: 31863202 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a microfluidic vascular-bed (micro-VB) device providing a platform for 3D tissue engineering with vascular network formation. The micro-VB device allows functional connections between endothelial capillaries of heterogeneous sections (5-100 μm in diameter) and artificial plastic tubes or reservoirs (1-10 mm in diameter). Moreover, the micro-VB device can be installed in a standard 100 mm-diameter Petri dish. Endothelial networks in 3D engineered tissues were obtained by cellular self-assembly on the device, after co-culturing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in fibrin gel. Endothelial capillary connection between vascularized tissues and microfluidic channels, mimicking arteries and veins, was confirmed by perfusion of fluorescent microspheres. The micro-VB devices were compatible with the use of commercially available culture dishes and did not require the involvement of additional equipment. Thus, these micro-VB devices are expected to substantially improve the routine application of 3D tissue engineering to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takehara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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Deng JT, Bhaidani S, Sutherland C, MacDonald JA, Walsh MP. Rho-associated kinase and zipper-interacting protein kinase, but not myosin light chain kinase, are involved in the regulation of myosin phosphorylation in serum-stimulated human arterial smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226406. [PMID: 31834925 PMCID: PMC6910671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle contraction and cell migration. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates LC20 (its only known substrate) exclusively at S19. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) have been implicated in the regulation of LC20 phosphorylation via direct phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19 and indirectly via phosphorylation of MYPT1 (the myosin targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase, MLCP) and Par-4 (prostate-apoptosis response-4). Phosphorylation of MYPT1 at T696 and T853 inhibits MLCP activity whereas phosphorylation of Par-4 at T163 disrupts its interaction with MYPT1, exposing the sites of phosphorylation in MYPT1 and leading to MLCP inhibition. To evaluate the roles of MLCK, ROCK and ZIPK in these phosphorylation events, we investigated the time courses of phosphorylation of LC20, MYPT1 and Par-4 in serum-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells (from coronary and umbilical arteries), and examined the effects of siRNA-mediated MLCK, ROCK and ZIPK knockdown and pharmacological inhibition on these phosphorylation events. Serum stimulation induced rapid phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, MYPT1 at T696 and T853, and Par-4 at T163, peaking within 30–120 s. MLCK knockdown or inhibition, or Ca2+ chelation with EGTA, had no effect on serum-induced LC20 phosphorylation. ROCK knockdown decreased the levels of phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, of MYPT1 at T696 and T853, and of Par-4 at T163, whereas ZIPK knockdown decreased LC20 diphosphorylation, but increased phosphorylation of MYPT1 at T696 and T853 and of Par-4 at T163. ROCK inhibition with GSK429286A reduced serum-induced phosphorylation of LC20 at T18 and S19, MYPT1 at T853 and Par-4 at T163, while ZIPK inhibition by HS38 reduced only LC20 diphosphorylation. We also demonstrated that serum stimulation induced phosphorylation (activation) of ZIPK, which was inhibited by ROCK and ZIPK down-regulation and inhibition. Finally, basal phosphorylation of LC20 in the absence of serum stimulation was unaffected by MLCK, ROCK or ZIPK knockdown or inhibition. We conclude that: (i) serum stimulation of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells results in rapid phosphorylation of LC20, MYPT1, Par-4 and ZIPK, in contrast to the slower phosphorylation of kinases and other proteins involved in other signaling pathways (Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and HSP27), (ii) ROCK and ZIPK, but not MLCK, are involved in serum-induced phosphorylation of LC20, (iii) ROCK, but not ZIPK, directly phosphorylates MYPT1 at T853 and Par-4 at T163 in response to serum stimulation, (iv) ZIPK phosphorylation is enhanced by serum stimulation and involves phosphorylation by ROCK and autophosphorylation, and (v) basal phosphorylation of LC20 under serum-free conditions is not attributable to MLCK, ROCK or ZIPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ti Deng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabreena Bhaidani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A. MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P. Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Treviranus GRS. Mast cell autocrinicity near cerebral arterial wall "reverse glymphatic flow" as prime target of electromagnetic effects. Psychiatr Danub 2019; 31:357-370. [PMID: 31488753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to disclose the mechanisms of transcranial therapeutic electro-magnetic fields (EMF) acting on the brain's cells (Marino, Kibleur) and recently immune cells (Gülöksüz) meet unsolved physiological details of blood vessels, exclusively arterial vasomotion or the non-glial-related former g(lia)-lymphatic flow (Iliff; Liu DX) - now replaced by an astrocytic AQP4-pipeline cooling the brain (Nakada 2014). Here within the convergent dyn4TAM-framework, which had suggested the first mast cell behavioral experiment (Fitzpatrick & Morrow 2017), three intertwined physiological concepts are contributed: A) "autocrinicity" - how flushed, thus absent, autocrine signals integrate external fluidics into cellular computations e.g. on motility: EMFs could increase such absences by targeting e.g. dipole-cytokines; B) a new concept of the arterial wall based on a tangible interpretation of the coronal histology of all arteries as a co-axial pulse-dampening engine (Treviranus 2012). In the brain this engine might provide the quickest cerebral outflow via the Cerebral IntraMUral Reverse Arterial Flow (Treviranus 2018b), while transmitting further forces acting upstream to the paravascular spaces; C) some key roles for mast cells in neuro-psychiatry (Silver & Curley 2013) and their interactive lymphatic and non-luminal vascular routes to the brain dictated by peripheral imprinting as to destiny (Csaba 1987) and destination (Treviranus 2013). Within the skull they might advance against para-arterial upstream currents. Some known causal mediators of the effects of transcranially applied EFMs and puzzling results are then put tentatively in perspective with the above "tangible" models, e.g. by aligning probable induced currents with arterial segments or the new direct meningeal-calvario-myeloid channels. RESULTS: The case for a role of mast cells and diverse flows in transcranial electromagnetic brain therapy seems promising.
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11
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Sanchis P, Ho CY, Liu Y, Beltran LE, Ahmad S, Jacob AP, Furmanik M, Laycock J, Long DA, Shroff R, Shanahan CM. Arterial "inflammaging" drives vascular calcification in children on dialysis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:958-972. [PMID: 30827513 PMCID: PMC6684370 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Children on dialysis have a cardiovascular mortality risk equivalent to older adults in the general population, and rapidly develop medial vascular calcification, an age-associated pathology. We hypothesized that premature vascular ageing contributes to calcification in children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vessels from children with Stage 5 CKD with and without dialysis had evidence of increased oxidative DNA damage. The senescence markers p16 and p21 were also increased in vessels from children on dialysis. Treatment of vessel rings ex vivo with calcifying media increased oxidative DNA damage in vessels from children with Stage 5 CKD, but not in those from healthy controls. Vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from children on dialysis exhibited persistent DNA damage, impaired DNA damage repair, and accelerated senescence. Under calcifying conditions vascular smooth muscle cells from children on dialysis showed increased osteogenic differentiation and calcification. These changes correlated with activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), an inflammatory phenotype characterized by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Blockade of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage signaling reduced both inflammation and calcification. Clinically, children on dialysis had elevated circulating levels of osteogenic SASP factors that correlated with increased vascular stiffness and coronary artery calcification. These data imply that dysregulated mineral metabolism drives vascular "inflammaging" by promoting oxidative DNA damage, premature senescence, and activation of a pro-inflammatory SASP. Drugs that target DNA damage signaling or eliminate senescent cells may have the potential to prevent vascular calcification in patients with advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchis
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chin Yee Ho
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yiwen Liu
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leilani E Beltran
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne P Jacob
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Laycock
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Nephrology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.
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12
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Park SK, La Salle DT, Cerbie J, Cho JM, Bledsoe A, Nelson A, Morgan DE, Richardson RS, Shiu YT, Boudina S, Trinity JD, Symons JD. Elevated arterial shear rate increases indexes of endothelial cell autophagy and nitric oxide synthase activation in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H106-H112. [PMID: 30412436 PMCID: PMC6734082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00561.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Continuous laminar shear stress increases the process of autophagy, activates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase phosphorylation at serine 1177 (p-eNOSS1177), and generates NO in bovine and human arterial endothelial cells (ECs) compared with static controls. However, the translational relevance of these findings has not been explored. In the current study, primary ECs were collected from the radial artery of 7 men using sterile J-wires before (Pre) and after (Post) 60 min of rhythmic handgrip exercise (HG) performed with the same arm. After ECs were identified by positive costaining for vascular endothelial cadherin and 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole, immunofluorescent antibodies were used to assess indices of autophagy, NO generation, and superoxide anion (O2·-) production. Commercially available primary human arterial ECs were stained and processed in parallel to serve as controls. All end points were evaluated using 75 ECs from each subject. Relative to Pre-HG, HG elevated arterial shear rate ( P < 0.05) ~3-fold, whereas heart rate, arterial pressure, and cardiac output were not altered. Compared with values obtained from ECs Pre-HG, Post-HG ECs displayed increased ( P < 0.05) expression of p-eNOSS1177, NO generation, O2·- production, BECLIN1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B, autophagy-related gene 3, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A and decreased ( P < 0.05) expression (i.e., enhanced degradation) of the adaptor protein p62/sequestosome-1. These novel findings provide evidence that elevated arterial shear rate associated with functional hyperemia initiates autophagy, activates p-eNOSS1177, and increases NO and O2·- generation in primary human ECs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previously, our group reported in bovine arterial and human arterial endothelial cells (ECs) that shear stress initiates trafficking of the autophagosome to the lysosome and increases endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase phosphorylation at serine 1177, NO generation, and O2·- production. Here, the translational relevance of these findings is documented. Specifically, functional hyperemia induced by rhythmic handgrip exercise elevates arterial shear rate to an extent that increases indices of autophagy, NO generation, and O2·- production in primary arterial ECs collected from healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Taylor La Salle
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James Cerbie
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amber Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley Nelson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David E Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Weijts B, Gutierrez E, Saikin SK, Ablooglu AJ, Traver D, Groisman A, Tkachenko E. Blood flow-induced Notch activation and endothelial migration enable vascular remodeling in zebrafish embryos. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5314. [PMID: 30552331 PMCID: PMC6294260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins are formed independently by different types of endothelial cells (ECs). In vascular remodeling, arteries and veins become connected and some arteries become veins. It is unclear how ECs in transforming vessels change their type and how fates of individual vessels are determined. In embryonic zebrafish trunk, vascular remodeling transforms arterial intersegmental vessels (ISVs) into a functional network of arteries and veins. Here we find that, once an ISV is connected to venous circulation, venous blood flow promotes upstream migration of ECs that results in displacement of arterial ECs by venous ECs, completing the transformation of this ISV into a vein without trans-differentiation of ECs. Arterial blood flow initiated in two neighboring ISVs prevents their transformation into veins by activating Notch signaling in ECs. Together, different responses of ECs to arterial and venous blood flow lead to formation of a balanced network with equal numbers of arteries and veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Dpartment of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- MuWells Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Semion K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ararat J Ablooglu
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Alex Groisman
- Dpartment of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Eugene Tkachenko
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- MuWells Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is required in the embryo for formation of the adult hematopoietic system. Here, we describe the seminal findings that led to the discovery of RUNX1 and of its critical role in blood cell formation in the embryo from hemogenic endothelium (HE). We also present RNA-sequencing data demonstrating that HE cells in different anatomic sites, which produce hematopoietic progenitors with dissimilar differentiation potentials, are molecularly distinct. Hemogenic and non-HE cells in the yolk sac are more closely related to each other than either is to hemogenic or non-HE cells in the major arteries. Therefore, a major driver of the different lineage potentials of the committed erythro-myeloid progenitors that emerge in the yolk sac versus hematopoietic stem cells that originate in the major arteries is likely to be the distinct molecular properties of the HE cells from which they are derived. We used bioinformatics analyses to predict signaling pathways active in arterial HE, which include the functionally validated pathways Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. We also used a novel bioinformatics approach to assemble transcriptional regulatory networks and predict transcription factors that may be specifically involved in hematopoietic cell formation from arterial HE, which is the origin of the adult hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Changya Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Chen Z, Tang M, Huang D, Jiang W, Li M, Ji H, Park J, Xu B, Atchison LJ, Truskey GA, Leong KW. Real-time observation of leukocyte-endothelium interactions in tissue-engineered blood vessel. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2047-2054. [PMID: 29927449 PMCID: PMC6055475 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cell-based 3D tissue constructs play an increasing role in disease modeling and drug screening. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and many autoimmune disorders involve the interactions between immune cells and blood vessels. However, it has been difficult to image and model these interactions under realistic conditions. In this study, we fabricated a perfusion and imaging chamber to allow the real-time visualization of leukocyte perfusion, adhesion, and migration inside a tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV). We monitored the elevated monocyte adhesion to the TEBV wall and transendothelial migration (TEM) as the TEBV endothelium was activated by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. We demonstrated that treatment with anti-TNF-α or an NF-kB signaling pathway inhibitor would attenuate the endothelium activation and reduce the number of leukocyte adhesion (>74%) and TEM events (>87%) close to the control. As the first demonstration of real-time imaging of dynamic cellular events within a TEBV, this work paves the way for drug screening and disease modeling in TEBV-associated microphysiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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16
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Su T, Stanley G, Sinha R, D'Amato G, Das S, Rhee S, Chang AH, Poduri A, Raftrey B, Dinh TT, Roper WA, Li G, Quinn KE, Caron KM, Wu S, Miquerol L, Butcher EC, Weissman I, Quake S, Red-Horse K. Single-cell analysis of early progenitor cells that build coronary arteries. Nature 2018; 559:356-362. [PMID: 29973725 PMCID: PMC6053322 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Arteries and veins are specified by antagonistic transcriptional programs. However, during development and regeneration, new arteries can arise from pre-existing veins through a poorly understood process of cell fate conversion. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and mouse genetics, we show that vein cells of the developing heart undergo an early cell fate switch to create a pre-artery population that subsequently builds coronary arteries. Vein cells underwent a gradual and simultaneous switch from venous to arterial fate before a subset of cells crossed a transcriptional threshold into the pre-artery state. Before the onset of coronary blood flow, pre-artery cells appeared in the immature vessel plexus, expressed mature artery markers, and decreased cell cycling. The vein-specifying transcription factor COUP-TF2 (also known as NR2F2) prevented plexus cells from overcoming the pre-artery threshold by inducing cell cycle genes. Thus, vein-derived coronary arteries are built by pre-artery cells that can differentiate independently of blood flow upon the release of inhibition mediated by COUP-TF2 and cell cycle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Su
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoff Stanley
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soumya Das
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew H Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aruna Poduri
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thanh Theresa Dinh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Walter A Roper
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sean Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Dekanosidze M, Saganelidze K, Mitagvaria N. EFFECT OF FREE RADICALS ON CALCITONIN-GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE MEDIATED VASODILATION. Georgian Med News 2018:149-152. [PMID: 29461244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is known that in some pathological conditions, due to the formation of a large number of free oxygen radicals, the cardiovascular system is severely affected. However, the effect of free radicals on CGRP-mediated vasodilation remains unclear. The aim of this work was to study the effect of free radicals on CGRP-mediated neurogenic vasodilation on preparations of an isolated rabbit lingual artery. The experiments were performed on the lingual artery preparations of 6 rabbits of the Chinchilla breed of both sexes. The contractile-relaxation activity of isolated preparations, both with intact endothelial layer and deendotelized, were studied in isometric mode on a strain-gauge unit using mechanotrons of the 6 MX1C type. Our experiments showed that free radicals can disrupt the reactivity of the vascular wall both in the presence and in the absence of endothelium-dependent relaxation factors and that is might be considered as a main conclusion of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dekanosidze
- New Vision University, Tbilisi; I. Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K Saganelidze
- New Vision University, Tbilisi; I. Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Mitagvaria
- New Vision University, Tbilisi; I. Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
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18
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Chen DB, Feng L, Hodges JK, Lechuga TJ, Zhang H. Human trophoblast-derived hydrogen sulfide stimulates placental artery endothelial cell angiogenesis. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:478-489. [PMID: 29024947 PMCID: PMC6248441 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mainly synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), has been implicated in regulating placental angiogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study was to test a hypothesis that trophoblasts synthesize H2S to promote placental angiogenesis. Human choriocarcinoma-derived BeWo cells expressed both CBS and CTH proteins, while the first trimester villous trophoblast-originated HTR-8/SVneo cells expressed CTH protein only. The H2S producing ability of BeWo cells was significantly inhibited by either inhibitors of CBS (carboxymethyl hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride, CHH) or CTH (β-cyano-L-alanine, BCA) and that in HTR-8/SVneo cells was inhibited by CHH only. H2S donors stimulated cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in ovine placental artery endothelial cells (oFPAECs) as effectively as vascular endothelial growth factor. Co-culture with BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo cells stimulated oFPAEC migration, which was inhibited by CHH or BCA in BeWo but CHH only in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Primary human villous trophoblasts (HVT) were more potent than trophoblast cell lines in stimulating oFPAEC migration that was inhibited by CHH and CHH/BCA combination in accordance with its H2S synthesizing activity linked to CBS and CTH expression patterns. H2S donors activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), and extracellular signal-activated kinase 1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1, MAPK3/1) in oFPAECs. H2S donor-induced NOS3 activation was blocked by AKT1 but not MAPK3/1 inhibition. In keeping with our previous studies showing a crucial role of AKT1, MAPK3/1, and NOS3/NO in placental angiogenesis, these data show that trophoblast-derived endogenous H2S stimulates placental angiogenesis, involving activation of AKT1, NOS3/NO, and MAPK3/1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jennifer K Hodges
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Lechuga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
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19
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Hasan SS, Tsaryk R, Lange M, Wisniewski L, Moore JC, Lawson ND, Wojciechowska K, Schnittler H, Siekmann AF. Endothelial Notch signalling limits angiogenesis via control of artery formation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:928-940. [PMID: 28714969 PMCID: PMC5534340 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting needs to be tightly controlled. It has been suggested that the Notch ligand dll4 expressed in leading tip cells restricts angiogenesis by activating Notch signalling in trailing stalk cells. Here, we show using live imaging in zebrafish that activation of Notch signalling is rather required in tip cells. Notch activation initially triggers expression of the chemokine receptor cxcr4a. This allows for proper tip cell migration and connection to the pre-existing arterial circulation, ultimately establishing functional arterial-venous blood flow patterns. Subsequently, Notch signalling reduces cxcr4a expression, thereby preventing excessive blood vessel growth. Finally, we find that Notch signalling is dispensable for limiting blood vessel growth during venous plexus formation that does not generate arteries. Together, these findings link the role of Notch signalling in limiting angiogenesis to its role during artery formation and provide a framework for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying blood vessel network expansion and maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/cytology
- Arteries/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genotype
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Video
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Transfection
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S. Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roman Tsaryk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - John C. Moore
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Hans Schnittler
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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20
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Li X, Xu J, Nicolescu CT, Marinelli JT, Tien J. Generation, Endothelialization, and Microsurgical Suture Anastomosis of Strong 1-mm-Diameter Collagen Tubes. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:335-344. [PMID: 27998245 PMCID: PMC5397228 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts that are based on reconstituted extracellular matrices have been plagued by weak mechanical strength that prevents handling or anastomosis to native vessels. In this study, we devise a method for making dense, suturable collagen tubular constructs of diameter ≤1 mm for potential microsurgical applications, by dehydrating tubes of native rat tail type I collagen and crosslinking them with 20 mM genipin. Crosslinked dense collagen tubes with 1 mm inner diameter yielded ultimate tensile strength of 342 ± 15 gF and burst pressure of 1313 ± 156 mm Hg, comparable to the strength of a rat femoral artery, and supported endothelial cell adhesion and growth. End-to-end anastomosis of 0.5-mm-diameter tubes to explanted arteries displayed anastomotic strength of 82 ± 21 gF, which is sufficient for surgical applications. In vivo implantation of cell-free tubes as interpositional grafts in the rat femoral circulation yielded stable anastomosis with blood flow for 20 min. Seeded dense collagen tubes represent a promising alternative to venous graft that can potentially be used to bridge between short artery stubs in replantation surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyue Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calin T. Nicolescu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts
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21
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Zakkaroff C, Moore S, Dowding S, David T. 3D time-varying simulations of Ca 2+ dynamics in arterial coupled cells: A massively parallel implementation. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2017; 33:e02786. [PMID: 27062231 PMCID: PMC5298049 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Preferential locations of atherosclerotic plaque are strongly associated with the areas of low wall shear stress and disturbed haemodynamic characteristics such as flow detachment, flow recirculation and oscillatory flow. The areas of low wall shear stress are also associated with the reduced production of adenosine triphosphate in the endothelial layer, as well as the resulting reduced production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ). The subsequent variation in Ca2+ signalling and nitric oxide synthesis could lead to the impairment of the atheroprotective function played by nitric oxide. In previous studies, it has been suggested that the reduced IP3 and Ca2+ signalling can explain the correlation of atherosclerosis with induced low WSS and disturbed flow characteristics. The massively parallel implementation described in this article provides insight into the dynamics of coupled smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells mapped onto the surface of an idealised arterial bifurcation. We show that variations in coupling parameters, which model normal and pathological conditions, provide vastly different smooth muscle cell Ca2+ dynamics and wave propagation profiles. The extensibility of the coupled cells model and scalability of the implementation provide a solid framework for in silico investigations of the interaction between complex cellular chemistry and the macro-scale processes determined by fluid dynamics. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Moore
- IBM Research Collaboratory for Life SciencesMelbourneAustralia
| | - Stewart Dowding
- UC HPC CentreUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Tim David
- UC HPC CentreUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
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22
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He N, van Iperen L, de Jong D, Szuhai K, Helmerhorst FM, van der Westerlaken LAJ, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Penetrate Decidual Veins and Lymphatics before Remodeling Spiral Arteries during Early Pregnancy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169849. [PMID: 28081266 PMCID: PMC5230788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the defective invasion of the maternal endometrium by fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) can lead to insufficient perfusion of the placenta, resulting in pregnancy complications that can put both mother and baby at risk. To study the invasion of maternal endometrium between (W)5.5–12 weeks of gestation by EVTs, we combined fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to determine the presence of (male) EVTs in the vasculature of the maternal decidua. We observed that interstitial mononuclear EVTs directly entered decidual veins and lymphatics from W5.5. This invasion of decidual veins and lymphatics occurred long before endovascular EVTs remodelled decidual spiral arteries. This unexpected early entrance of interstitial mononuclear EVTs in the maternal circulation does not seem to contribute to the materno-placental vascular connection directly, but rather to establish (and expand) the materno-fetal interface through an alternative vascular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan He
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Iperen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle de Jong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans M. Helmerhorst
- Department of Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of KATPchannel openers pinacidil and levcromakalim on rat dural and pial arteries as well as their inhibition by glibenclamide. We used an in-vivo genuine closed cranial window model and an in-vitro organ bath. Glibenclamide alone reduced the dural but not the pial artery diameter compared with controls. Intravenous pinacidil and levcro-makalim induced dural and pial artery dilation that was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide. In the organ bath pinacidil and levcromakalim induced dural and middle cerebral artery relaxation that was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide. In conclusion, KATPchannel openers induce increasing diameter/relaxation of dural and pial arteries after intravenous infusion in vivo and on isolated arteries in vitro. Furthermore, dural arteries were more sensitive to KATPchannel openers than pial arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gozalov
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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24
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Luo W, Liu B, Zhou Y. The endothelial cyclooxygenase pathway: Insights from mouse arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:148-58. [PMID: 27020548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly believed to be the major mediator of endothelial prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) synthesis that balances the effect of thromboxane (Tx) A2 synthesis mediated by the other COX isoform, COX-1 in platelets. Accordingly, selective inhibition of COX-2 is considered to cause vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and hence increase the incidence of cardiovascular events. This idea has been claimed to be substantiated by experiments on mouse models, some of which are deficient in one of the two COX isoforms. However, results from our studies and those of others using similar mouse models suggest that COX-1 is the major functional isoform in vascular endothelium. Also, although PGI2 is recognized as a potent vasodilator, in some arteries endothelial COX activation causes vasoconstrictor response. This has again been recognized by studies, especially those performed on mouse arteries, to result largely from endothelial PGI2 synthesis. Therefore, evidence that supports a role for COX-1 as the major mediator of PGI2 synthesis in mouse vascular endothelium, reasons for the inconsistency, and results that elucidate underlying mechanisms for divergent vasomotor reactions to endothelial COX activation will be discussed in this review. In addition, we address the possible pathological implications and limitations of findings obtained from studies performed on mouse arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Luo
- Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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25
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D'Auria F, Centurione L, Centurione MA, Angelini A, Di Pietro R. Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (Trail) in endothelial response to biomechanical and biochemical stresses in arteries. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2427-34. [PMID: 25974396 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Shear stress is determined by three physical components described in a famous triad: blood flow, blood viscosity and vessel geometry. Through the direct action on endothelium, shear stress is able to radically interfere with endothelial properties and the physiology of the vascular wall. Endothelial cells (ECs) have also to sustain biochemical stresses represented by chemokines, growth factors, cytokines, complement, hormones, nitric oxide (NO), oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and chemical substances, like NO, act and regulate endothelium functions and homeostasis. Among these cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) has been assigned a regulatory role in ECs physiology and physiopathology. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the endothelial response pathways after different types of biomechanical and biochemical stress in in vitro models and to analyze the crucial role of TRAIL under pathological conditions of the cardiocirculatory system like atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Auria
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Centurione
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - M A Centurione
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-Pavia, Section of Chieti, Italy
| | - A Angelini
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Pescara, Italy
- Ageing Research Center, CeSI, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Pescara, Italy
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26
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Walton LA, Bradley RS, Withers PJ, Newton VL, Watson REB, Austin C, Sherratt MJ. Morphological Characterisation of Unstained and Intact Tissue Micro-architecture by X-ray Computed Micro- and Nano-Tomography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10074. [PMID: 25975937 PMCID: PMC4650804 DOI: 10.1038/srep10074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterisation and quantification of tissue structures is limited by sectioning-induced artefacts and by the difficulties of visualising and segmenting 3D volumes. Here we demonstrate that, even in the absence of X-ray contrast agents, X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) and nanotomography (nanoCT) can circumvent these problems by rapidly resolving compositionally discrete 3D tissue regions (such as the collagen-rich adventitia and elastin-rich lamellae in intact rat arteries) which in turn can be segmented due to their different X-ray opacities and morphologies. We then establish, using X-ray tomograms of both unpressurised and pressurised arteries that intra-luminal pressure not only increases lumen cross-sectional area and straightens medial elastic lamellae but also induces profound remodelling of the adventitial layer. Finally we apply microCT to another human organ (skin) to visualise the cell-rich epidermis and extracellular matrix-rich dermis and to show that conventional histological and immunohistochemical staining protocols are compatible with prior X-ray exposure. As a consequence we suggest that microCT could be combined with optical microscopy to characterise the 3D structure and composition of archival paraffin embedded biological materials and of mechanically stressed dynamic tissues such as the heart, lungs and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria L. Newton
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Austin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Sherratt
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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27
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28
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Morris ME, Beare JE, Reed RM, Dale JR, LeBlanc AJ, Kaufman CL, Zheng H, Ng CK, Williams SK, Hoying JB. Systemically delivered adipose stromal vascular fraction cells disseminate to peripheral artery walls and reduce vasomotor tone through a CD11b+ cell-dependent mechanism. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:369-80. [PMID: 25722428 PMCID: PMC4367510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactivity, an important aspect of tissue healing, is often compromised in disease and tissue injury. Dysfunction in the smaller vasoactive arteries is most impactful, given the role of these vessels in controlling downstream tissue perfusion. The adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a mix of homeostatic cells shown to promote tissue healing. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that autologous SVF cells therapeutically modulate peripheral artery vasoactivity in syngeneic mouse models of small artery function. Analysis of vasoactivity of saphenous arteries isolated from normal mice 1 week after intravenous injection of freshly isolated SVF cells revealed that pressure-dependent artery vasomotor tone was decreased by the SVF cell isolate, but not one depleted of CD11b(+) cells. Scavenging hydrogen peroxide in the vessel wall abrogated the artery relaxation promoted by the SVF cell isolate. Consistent with a CD11b(+) cell being the relevant cell type, SVF-derived F4/80-positive macrophages were present within the adventitia of the artery wall coincident with vasorelaxation. In a model of artery inflammation mimicking a common disease condition inducing vasoactive dysfunction, the SVF cells potentiated relaxation of saphenous arteries without structurally remodeling the artery via a CD11b(+) cell-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that freshly isolated, adipose SVF cells promote vasomotor relaxation in vasoactive arteries via a hydrogen peroxide-dependent mechanism that required CD11b(+) cells (most likely macrophages). Given the significant impact of small artery dysfunction in disease, we predict that the intravenous delivery of this therapeutic cell preparation would significantly improve tissue perfusion, particularly in diseases with diffuse vascular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin E Morris
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jacob R Dale
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina L Kaufman
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Huaiyu Zheng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chin K Ng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stuart K Williams
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - James B Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Christina M. Kleinert Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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29
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Ferruzzi J, Bersi MR, Uman S, Yanagisawa H, Humphrey JD. Decreased elastic energy storage, not increased material stiffness, characterizes central artery dysfunction in fibulin-5 deficiency independent of sex. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:2087213. [PMID: 25532020 PMCID: PMC4321117 DOI: 10.1115/1.4029431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Central artery stiffness has emerged over the past 15 years as a clinically significant indicator of cardiovascular function and initiator of disease. Loss of elastic fiber integrity is one of the primary contributors to increased arterial stiffening in aging, hypertension, and related conditions. Elastic fibers consist of an elastin core and multiple glycoproteins; hence defects in any of these constituents can adversely affect arterial wall mechanics. In this paper, we focus on mechanical consequences of the loss of fibulin-5, an elastin-associated glycoprotein involved in elastogenesis. Specifically, we compared the biaxial mechanical properties of five central arteries-the ascending thoracic aorta, descending thoracic aorta, suprarenal abdominal aorta, infrarenal abdominal aorta, and common carotid artery-from male and female wild-type and fibulin-5 deficient mice. Results revealed that, independent of sex, all five regions in the fibulin-5 deficient mice manifested a marked increase in structural stiffness but also a marked decrease in elastic energy storage and typically an increase in energy dissipation, with all differences being most dramatic in the ascending and abdominal aortas. Given that the primary function of large arteries is to store elastic energy during systole and to use this energy during diastole to work on the blood, fibulin-5 deficiency results in a widespread diminishment of central artery function that can have significant effects on hemodynamics and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ferruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Malone Engineering Center,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06520
| | - M. R. Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Malone Engineering Center,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06520
| | - S. Uman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Malone Engineering Center,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06520
| | - H. Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology,University of Texas SouthwesternMedical Center,Dallas, TX 75390
| | - J. D. Humphrey
- Fellow ASMEDepartment of Biomedical Engineering,Malone Engineering Center,Yale University,New Haven, CT 06520
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program,Yale School of Medicine,New Haven, CT 06510e-mail:
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30
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McGrath JC. Localization of α-adrenoceptors: JR Vane Medal Lecture. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1179-94. [PMID: 25377869 PMCID: PMC4337695 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This review is based on the JR Vane Medal Lecture presented at the BPS Winter Meeting in December 2011 by J.C. McGrath. A recording of the lecture is included as supporting information. It covers his laboratory's work from 1990 to 2010 on the localization of vascular α1 -adrenoceptors in native tissues, mainly arteries. MAIN POINTS (i) α1 -adrenoceptors are present on several cell types in arteries, not only on medial smooth muscle, but also on adventitial, endothelial and nerve cells; (ii) all three receptor subtypes (α1 A , α1 B , α1 D ) are capable of binding ligands at the cell surface, strongly indicating that they are capable of function and not merely expressed. (iii) all of these cell types can take up an antagonist ligand into the intracellular compartments to which endocytosing receptors move; (iv) each individual subtype can exist at the cell surface and intracellularly in the absence of the other subtypes. As functional pharmacological experiments show variations in the involvement of the different subtypes in contractions of different arteries, it is concluded that the presence and disposition of α1 -adrenoceptors in arteries is not a simple guide to their involvement in function. Similar locations of the subtypes, even in different cell types, suggest that differences between the distribution of subtypes in model systems do not directly correlate with those in native tissues. This review includes a historical summary of the alternative terms used for adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors, adrenoreceptors) and the author's views on the use of colours to illustrate different items, given his partial colour-blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
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31
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Gabriela Espinosa M, Gardner WS, Bennett L, Sather BA, Yanagisawa H, Wagenseil JE. The effects of elastic fiber protein insufficiency and treatment on the modulus of arterial smooth muscle cells. J Biomech Eng 2014; 136:021030. [PMID: 24322348 DOI: 10.1115/1.4026203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are critical for the mechanical function of the large arteries. Mechanical effects of elastic fiber protein deficiency have been investigated in whole arteries, but not in isolated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The elastic moduli of SMCs from elastin (Eln-/-) and fibulin-4 (Fbln4-/-) knockout mice were measured using atomic force microscopy. Compared to control SMCs, the modulus of Eln-/- SMCs is reduced by 40%, but is unchanged in Fbln4-/- SMCs. The Eln-/- SMC modulus is rescued by soluble or α elastin treatment. Altered gene expression, specifically of calponin, suggests that SMC phenotypic modulation may be responsible for the modulus changes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arteries/cytology
- Arteries/drug effects
- Arteries/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Elastic Modulus/drug effects
- Elastic Modulus/physiology
- Elastic Tissue/drug effects
- Elastic Tissue/physiology
- Elastin/pharmacology
- Elastin/physiology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
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32
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Liu QS, Wang HF, Sun AK, Huo XP, Liu JL, Ma SH, Peng N, Hu J. A comparative study on inhibition of total astragalus saponins and astragaloside IV on TNFR1-mediated signaling pathways in arterial endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101504. [PMID: 24991819 PMCID: PMC4081628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both total astragalus saponins (AST) and it’s main component astragaloside IV (ASIV) have been used in China as cardiovascular protective medicines. However, the anti-inflammatory activities that are beneficial for cardiovascular health have never been compared directly and the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. This study was conducted to compare the inhibitory effects of these drugs on TNFα-induced cell responses, related signaling pathways, and the underlying mechanisms in mouse arterial endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expression of cell adhesion molecule (CAM) genes. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB-p65. Western Blot analysis was used to identify TNFα-induced NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and caspase-3 cleavage. Cell surface proteins were isolated and TNFα receptor-1(TNFR1) expression was determined. The results suggest that both AST and ASIV attenuate TNFα-induced up-regulation of CAMs mRNA and upstream nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65. However, TNFR1-mediated IκBα degradation, cleavage of caspase-3 and apoptosis were inhibited only by AST. These differences in the actions of AST and ASIV could be explained by the presence of other components in AST, such as ASII and ASIII, which also had an inhibitory effect on TNFR1-induced IκBα degradation. Moreover, AST, but not ASIV, was able to reduce TNFR1 protein level on the cell surface. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation demonstrated that TNFR1-mediated IκBα degradation was reversed by the use of TAPI-0, an inhibitor of TNFα converting enzyme (TACE), suggesting the involvement of TACE in the modulation of surface TNFR1 level by AST. Conclusion ASIV was not a better inhibitor than AST, at least on the inhibition of TNFα-induced inflammatory responses and TNFR1-mediated signaling pathways in AECs. The inhibitory effect of AST was caused by the reduction of cell surface TNFR1 level, and TACE could be involved in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-she Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, China
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Province People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Province Institute of Chinese Medicine and Medicinal Herbs, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hai-fang Wang
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Province People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - An-ke Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-ping Huo
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Province People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin-lian Liu
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Medical School of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Medical School of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Province People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Province People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Zhao H, Feng J, Seidel K, Shi S, Klein O, Sharpe P, Chai Y. Secretion of shh by a neurovascular bundle niche supports mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis in the adult mouse incisor. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:160-73. [PMID: 24506883 PMCID: PMC3951379 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are typically defined by their in vitro characteristics, and as a consequence the in vivo identity of MSCs and their niches are poorly understood. To address this issue, we used lineage tracing in a mouse incisor model and identified the neurovascular bundle (NVB) as an MSC niche. We found that NVB sensory nerves secrete Shh protein, which activates Gli1 expression in periarterial cells that contribute to all mesenchymal derivatives. These periarterial cells do not express classical MSC markers used to define MSCs in vitro. In contrast, NG2(+) pericytes represent an MSC subpopulation derived from Gli1+ cells; they express classical MSC markers and contribute little to homeostasis but are actively involved in injury repair. Likewise, incisor Gli1(+) cells, but not NG2(+) cells, exhibit typical MSC characteristics in vitro. Collectively, we demonstrate that MSCs originate from periarterial cells and are regulated by Shh secretion from an NVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London TN3 9TF, UK
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Ponio JBD, El-Ayoubi F, Glacial F, Ganeshamoorthy K, Driancourt C, Godet M, Perrière N, Guillevic O, Couraud PO, Uzan G. Instruction of circulating endothelial progenitors in vitro towards specialized blood-brain barrier and arterial phenotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84179. [PMID: 24392113 PMCID: PMC3879296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vascular system is adapted to specific functions in different tissues and organs. Vascular endothelial cells are important elements of this adaptation, leading to the concept of 'specialized endothelial cells'. The phenotype of these cells is highly dependent on their specific microenvironment and when isolated and cultured, they lose their specific features after few passages, making models using such cells poorly predictive and irreproducible. We propose a new source of specialized endothelial cells based on cord blood circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs). As prototype examples, we evaluated the capacity of EPCs to acquire properties characteristic of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (blood-brain barrier (BBB)) or of arterial endothelial cells, in specific inducing culture conditions. APPROACH AND RESULTS First, we demonstrated that EPC-derived endothelial cells (EPDCs) co-cultured with astrocytes acquired several BBB phenotypic characteristics, such as restricted paracellular diffusion of hydrophilic solutes and the expression of tight junction proteins. Second, we observed that culture of the same EPDCs in a high concentration of VEGF resulted, through activation of Notch signaling, in an increase of expression of most arterial endothelial markers. CONCLUSIONS We have thus demonstrated that in vitro culture of early passage human cord blood EPDCs under specific conditions can induce phenotypic changes towards BBB or arterial phenotypes, indicating that these EPDCs maintain enough plasticity to acquire characteristics of a variety of specialized phenotypes. We propose that this property of EPDCs might be exploited for producing specialized endothelial cells in culture to be used for drug testing and predictive in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabienne Glacial
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kayathiri Ganeshamoorthy
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Maeva Godet
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Olivier Couraud
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- Inserm U972, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Dutta D, Lee KW, Allen RA, Wang Y, Brigham JC, Kim K. Non-invasive assessment of elastic modulus of arterial constructs during cell culture using ultrasound elasticity imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2013; 39:2103-2115. [PMID: 23932282 PMCID: PMC3786060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strength is a key design factor in tissue engineering of arteries. Most existing techniques assess the mechanical property of arterial constructs destructively, leading to sacrifice of a large number of animals. We propose an ultrasound-based non-invasive technique for the assessment of the mechanical strength of engineered arterial constructs. Tubular scaffolds made from a biodegradable elastomer and seeded with vascular fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were cultured in a pulsatile-flow bioreactor. Scaffold distension was computed from ultrasound radiofrequency signals of the pulsating scaffold via 2-D phase-sensitive speckle tracking. Young's modulus was then calculated by solving the inverse problem from the distension and the recorded pulse pressure. The stiffness thus computed from ultrasound correlated well with direct mechanical testing results. As the scaffolds matured in culture, ultrasound measurements indicated an increase in Young's modulus, and histology confirmed the growth of cells and collagen fibrils in the constructs. The results indicate that ultrasound elastography can be used to assess and monitor non-invasively the mechanical properties of arterial constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Dutta
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics – Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Kee-Won Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Robert A. Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - John C. Brigham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics – Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Chen H, Cornwell J, Zhang H, Lim T, Resurreccion R, Port T, Rosengarten G, Nordon RE. Cardiac-like flow generator for long-term imaging of endothelial cell responses to circulatory pulsatile flow at microscale. Lab Chip 2013; 13:2999-3007. [PMID: 23727941 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50123j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of circulatory hemodynamics are required to mimic the microcirculation for study of endothelial cell responses to pulsatile shear stress by live cell imaging. This study reports the design, fabrication and characterisation of a microfluidic device that generates cardiac-like flow in a continuous culture system with a circulatory volume of only 2-3 μL. The device mimics a single chamber heart, with the following cardiac phases: (1) closure of the ventricle inlet valve, (2) contraction of the ventricle (systole) followed by opening of the outlet valve and (3) relaxation of the ventricle (diastole) with opening of the inlet valve whilst the outlet valve remains closed. Periodic valve states and ventricular contractions were actuated by microprocessor controlled pneumatics. The time-dependent velocity-field was characterised by micro-particle image velocimetry (μ-PIV). μ-PIV observations were used to help tune electronic timing of valve states and ventricular contractions for synthesis of an arterial pulse waveform to study the effect of pulsatile shear stress on bovine artery endothelial cells (BAECs). BAECs elongated and aligned with the direction of shear stress after 48 h of exposure to a pulsatile waveform with a maximum shear stress of 0.42 Pa. The threshold for BAECs alignment and elongation under steady (non-pulsatile) flow reported by Kadohama et al. (2006) is 0.7-1.4 Pa. These cells respond to transient shear stress because the time average shear stress of the pulse waveform to generate this morphological response was only 0.09 Pa, well below the steady flow threshold. The microfluidic pulse generator can simulate circulatory hemodynamics for live cell imaging of shear-induced signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Wu Y, Wang L, Lin C, Lin Y, Zhou M, Chen L, Connolly B, Zhang Y, Chen T, Shaw C. Vasorelaxin: a novel arterial smooth muscle-relaxing eicosapeptide from the skin secretion of the Chinese piebald odorous frog (Odorrana schmackeri). PLoS One 2013; 8:e55739. [PMID: 23405205 PMCID: PMC3566010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The defensive skin secretions of amphibians are a rich resource for the discovery of novel, bioactive peptides. Here we report the identification of a novel vascular smooth muscle-relaxing peptide, named vasorelaxin, from the skin secretion of the Chinese piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri. Vasorelaxin consists of 20 amino acid residues, SRVVKCSGFRPGSPDSREFC, with a disulfide-bridge between Cys-6 and Cys-20. The structure of its biosynthetic precursor was deduced from cloned skin cDNA and consists of 67 amino acid residues encoding a single copy of vasorelaxin (vasorelaxin, accession number: HE860494). Synthetic vasorelaxin caused a profound relaxation of rat arterial smooth muscle with an EC50 of 6.76 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Lin
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Lin
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Connolly
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No.27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CS)
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CS)
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de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG, Calvo E, Zubiri I, Maroto AS, Lopez JA, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G. Characterization and analysis of human arterial tissue secretome by 2-DE and nLC-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1000:81-90. [PMID: 23585086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-405-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cardiovascular diseases and knowledge of underlying mechanisms is essential. Tissue secretome studies resemble more closely to the in vivo situation, showing a much narrower protein concentrations dynamic range than plasma. In the present chapter, we detail the characterization and analysis of human arterial tissue secretome by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and nano-liquid chromatography on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). General strategies shown here can be extended to other tissue secretome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Cuesta
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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Harhun MI, Huggins CL, Ratnasingham K, Raje D, Moss RF, Szewczyk K, Vasilikostas G, Greenwood IA, Khong TK, Wan A, Reddy M. Resident phenotypically modulated vascular smooth muscle cells in healthy human arteries. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:2802-12. [PMID: 22862785 PMCID: PMC3492755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular interstitial cells (VICs) are non-contractile cells with filopodia previously described in healthy blood vessels of rodents and their function remains unknown. The objective of this study was to identify VICs in human arteries and to ascertain their role. VICs were identified in the wall of human gastro-omental arteries using transmission electron microscopy. Isolated VICs showed ability to form new and elongate existing filopodia and actively change body shape. Most importantly sprouting VICs were also observed in cell dispersal. RT-PCR performed on separately collected contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and VICs showed that both cell types expressed the gene for smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Immunofluorescent labelling showed that both VSMCs and VICs had similar fluorescence for SM-MHC and αSM-actin, VICs, however, had significantly lower fluorescence for smoothelin, myosin light chain kinase, h-calponin and SM22α. It was also found that VICs do not have cytoskeleton as rigid as in contractile VSMCs. VICs express number of VSMC-specific proteins and display features of phenotypically modulated VSMCs with increased migratory abilities. VICs, therefore represent resident phenotypically modulated VSMCs that are present in human arteries under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym I Harhun
- Pharmacology and Cell Physiology Research Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Matteini P, Ratto F, Rossi F, de Angelis M, Cavigli L, Pini R. Hybrid nanocomposite films for laser-activated tissue bonding. J Biophotonics 2012; 5:868-877. [PMID: 22899671 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report new advancements in the biomedical exploitation of plasmonic nanoparticles as an effective platform for the photothermal repair of biological tissue. Chitosan films are loaded with gold nanorods with intense optical absorption in the "therapeutic window" of deepest light penetration through the body, and then activated by near infrared laser excitation to give adhesion with adjacent connective tissues. The adhesion consists of 0.07 mm(2) welds of ~20 kPa tensile strength at the film/tissue interface, which are obtained by administration of pulses with duration in the hundreds of millisecond timescale from a diode laser at ~130 J cm(-2). We investigate the adhesive effect as a function of pulse power and duration and identify an optimal operative window to achieve effective and reproducible welds with minimal detrimental superheating. These results may prove valuable to standardize laser bonding techniques and meet current needs for new knowledge which is urged by the penetration of nanotechnology into biomedical optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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41
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Anea CB, Cheng B, Sharma S, Kumar S, Caldwell RW, Yao L, Ali MI, Merloiu AM, Stepp DW, Black SM, Fulton DJR, Rudic RD. Increased superoxide and endothelial NO synthase uncoupling in blood vessels of Bmal1-knockout mice. Circ Res 2012; 111:1157-65. [PMID: 22912383 PMCID: PMC3740771 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.261750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disruption of the circadian clock in mice produces vascular dysfunction as evidenced by impairments in endothelium-dependent signaling, vasomotion, and blood vessel remodeling. Although the altered function of endothelial NO synthase and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species are central to dysfunction of the endothelium, to date, the impact of the circadian clock on endothelial NO synthase coupling and vascular reactive oxygen species production is not known. OBJECTIVE The goals of the present study were to determine whether deletion of a critical component of the circadian clock, Bmal1, can influence endothelial NO synthase coupling and reactive oxygen species levels in arteries from Bmal1-knockout (KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial function was reduced in aortae from Bmal1-KO mice and improved by scavenging reactive oxygen species with polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase and nonselectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase isoforms with indomethacin. Aortae from Bmal1-KO mice exhibited enhanced superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and dihydroethidium fluorescence, an elevation that was abrogated by administration of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed a reduction in tetrahydrobiopterin and an increase in dihydrobiopterin levels in the lung and aorta of Bmal1-KO mice, whereas supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin improved endothelial function in the circadian clock KO mice. Furthermore, levels of tetrahydrobiopterin, dihydrobiopterin, and the key enzymes that regulate biopterin bioavailability, GTP cyclohydrolase and dihydrofolate reductase exhibited a circadian expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Having an established influence in the metabolic control of glucose and lipids, herein, we describe a novel role for the circadian clock in metabolism of biopterins, with a significant impact in the vasculature, to regulate coupling of endothelial NO synthase, production of superoxide, and maintenance of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian B Anea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Mel'kumiants AM. [Role of endothelial glycocalyx in mechanogenic control of arterial hydraulic resistance]. Usp Fiziol Nauk 2012; 43:45-58. [PMID: 23227721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The review was focused on the data demonstrating that flow induced arterial dilation depends not only on intact endothelium but on intact endothelial glycocalyx, as well. These data demonstrate that filaments of the endothelial glycocalyx serve as mechanotrasducers since their shear stress induced deformations stimulate endothelial cells to release nitric oxide.
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Wang Y, Qiao L, Qiu J, Mi W, Han Y, Zhong C. Establishing primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from the spiral modiolar artery. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1082-6. [PMID: 22444733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article is reporting a method for establishment primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the spiral modiolar artery (SMA). METHODS VSMCs were isolated from guinea pig SMAs. Arterial tissues were cut and enzymatically digested at 37 °C for 20 min using a 0.1% trypsin solution. After digestion, tissue fragments were explanted in a 35-mm culture dish. Contaminated fibroblasts were separated from VSMCs because of their different adhesion abilities. The cells migrated from the explants within 7-10 days and grew to confluence in approximately 4 weeks. RESULTS We obtained pure and viable VSMCs from the confluent third passage. The morphological and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated a "hill-and-valley" growth pattern that is characteristics of VSMCs, and the expression of cell type-specific markers (α-smooth muscle actin and myosin), respectively. The change of intracellular calcium concentration induced by angiotensin II and CaCl(2) showed that the VSMCs had good cell viability. CONCLUSION We obtained purified VSMCs using this method. All cell cultures expressed smooth muscle markers (α-SM actin, and myosin) and were negative for vWF. This article provides a simple method to obtain VSMCs for in vitro studies of physiology and pathophysiology in the circulation disturbances of the inner ear. In addition, VSMCs are regarded to be an excellent model to evaluate drugs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Dall'aglio C, Mercati F, Maranesi M, Boiti C. Identification of orexins and cognate receptors in the lacrimal gland of sheep. Peptides 2012; 35:36-41. [PMID: 22465661 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study, by means of immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques, the presence and distribution of immunopositivity for orexin A and B (OXA and OXB) and orexin type 1 and 2 receptors (OX(1)R and OX(2)R) in the lacrimal gland of sheep as well as the gene expressions for prepro-orexin (PPOX) and cognate receptors. In serial sections, positive staining for OXA and OXB were localized in the same nervous fibers within the connective tissue septa. Positive staining for OX(1)R was evidenced in the wall of small arteries while that for OX(2)R was observed in the secretory portion of the acinar gland cells with a characteristic localization in the apical cytoplasm. RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for PPOX, OX(1)R and OX(2)R in the sheep lacrimal gland; the gene expression of OX(1)R was two-fold greater (p<0.01) than that of OX(2)R. Taken together the present findings raise intriguing questions on the potential role of the orexinergic system in the regulation of lacrimal gland functions that require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Dall'aglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biopatologiche ed Igiene delle Produzioni Animali ed Alimentari, Sezione di Anatomia Veterinaria, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
The peripheral lymphatic vascular system is a part of the immune body system comprising a complex network of lymph vessels and nodes that are flowing lymph toward the heart. Traditionally the imaging of lymphatic vessels is based on the conventional imaging modalities utilizing contrast fluorescence materials. Given the important role of the lymphatic system there is a critical need for the development of noninvasive imaging technologies for functional quantitative diagnosis of the lymph vessels and lymph flow without using foreign chemicals. We report a label free methodology for noninvasive in vivo imaging of blood and lymph vessels, using long-exposure laser speckle imaging approach. This approach entails great promise in the noninvasive studies of tissues blood and lymph vessels distribution in vivo.
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46
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Li L, Ma KT, Zhao L, Shi WY, Li XZ, Zhang ZS, Si JQ. [The characteristics of resting membrane potential on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in guinea pigs cochlea spiral artery]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:128-132. [PMID: 22737912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A variety of inner ear disease is related to microcirculation disturbance of inner ear, but smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC) of the spiral modiolar artery (SMA), which is the main blood supply to the inner ear, physiological feature is not very clear. METHODS In this study, two-intracellular microelectrode recording technique and cell staining techniques to study the SMC and EC resting membrane potential characteristics and communication links between cells of SMA. RESULTS Study found that SMC and EC have high and low resting membrane potential state, two state of the resting membrane potential of cells to ACh and high K+ response is completely different. The different types of cells, EC-EC, SMC-SMC and SMC-EC, can simultaneously record by two-microelectrode, two cell resting membrane potential can also be a double-high RP, double-low RP and one high- and one low- RP. Experiment recorded in one high- and one low- RP are the SMC-EC types, and ECs initial membrane potential are high potential, SMCs membrane potential are low initial potential. The double-high and double-low RP can be SMC-SMC or EC-EC or SMC-EC types. CONCLUSION The results show that SMC and EC in the 0.3 - 0.5 mm range, similar type of cells have very good communication, can function together to maintain good and consistent, heterogeneous cell performance is more different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832002, China
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Grzesk G, Kozinski M, Navarese EP, Krzyzanowski M, Grzesk E, Kubica A, Siller-Matula JM, Castriota F, Kubica J. Ticagrelor, but not clopidogrel and prasugrel, prevents ADP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell contraction: a placebo-controlled study in rats. Thromb Res 2012; 130:65-9. [PMID: 22265722 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Off-target effects of novel antiplatelet agents due to their potential clinical benefits are currently an area of intensive investigation. We aimed to compare the effects of different P2Y(12) antagonists on the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats (n=30) were pretreated with an investigated drug or placebo. Clopidogrel (50mg/kg, n=7), prasugrel (10mg/kg, n=7), ticagrelor (10mg/kg, n=7) or placebo (n=9) were administered orally 12 and 2 hours before experiments. Constrictions of rat tail arteries induced with a stable analogue of adenosine diphosphate (2-MeS-ADP), phenylephrine and arginine vasopressin were measured as an increase in perfusion pressure. Effects of ticagrelor were assessed in the presence of ticagrelor (1μM/L) added to the perfusion solution as this drug reversibly inhibits the P2Y(12) receptor. RESULTS Pretreatment with clopidogrel and prasugrel did not inhibit 2-MeS-ADP-induced contraction while ticagrelor did. Experiments employing endothelium-deprived arteries provided similar results. Clopidogrel and prasugrel did not influence concentration-response curves in the presence of neither phenylephrine nor arginine vasopressin. The curves obtained for both vasopressors in the presence of ticagrelor and 2-MeS-ADP were shifted to the right with a significant reduction in the maximal response. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of ticagrelor, in contrast to clopidogrel and prasugrel, prevents adenosine diphosphate-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells in a rat model. Both the clinical significance and detailed mechanism of our findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Grzesk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kyaw T, Tay C, Hosseini H, Kanellakis P, Gadowski T, MacKay F, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. Depletion of B2 but not B1a B cells in BAFF receptor-deficient ApoE mice attenuates atherosclerosis by potently ameliorating arterial inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29371. [PMID: 22238605 PMCID: PMC3251583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified conventional B2 cells as atherogenic and B1a cells as atheroprotective in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice. Here, we examined the development of atherosclerosis in BAFF-R deficient ApoE−/− mice because B2 cells but not B1a cells are selectively depleted in BAFF-R deficient mice. We fed BAFF-R−/− ApoE−/− (BaffR.ApoE DKO) and BAFF-R+/+ApoE−/− (ApoE KO) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 8-weeks. B2 cells were significantly reduced by 82%, 81%, 94%, 72% in blood, peritoneal fluid, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes respectively; while B1a cells and non-B lymphocytes were unaffected. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions assessed by oil red-O stained-lipid accumulation and CD68+ macrophage accumulation were decreased by 44% and 50% respectively. B cells were absent in atherosclerotic lesions of BaffR.ApoE DKO mice as were IgG1 and IgG2a immunoglobulins produced by B2 cells, despite low but measurable numbers of B2 cells and IgG1 and IgG2a immunoglobulin concentrations in plasma. Plasma IgM and IgM deposits in atherosclerotic lesions were also reduced. BAFF-R deficiency in ApoE−/− mice was also associated with a reduced expression of VCAM-1 and fewer macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltrates and PCNA+ cells in lesions. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL1-β and proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1 was also reduced. Body weight and plasma cholesterols were unaffected in BaffR.ApoE DKO mice. Our data indicate that B2 cells are important contributors to the development of atherosclerosis and that targeting the BAFF-R to specifically reduce atherogenic B2 cell numbers while preserving atheroprotective B1a cell numbers may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce atherosclerosis by potently reducing arterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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Kong XQ, Yang YW, Jiang JH, Zhang H, Li Q, Wang WH. [Nicotine regulates large conductance ca2+ activated K+ channels in rat coronary arterial smooth muscle cells]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:24-27. [PMID: 22493888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was to explore signaling mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced inhibition of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK(Ca)). METHODS 8 week male Wistar rats were divided randomly into saline group and nicotine group and received respectively injection with saline or nicotine (Sigma, Shanghai, China) at 2 mg/(kg x d) for 21 days. Coronary vascular smooth muscle cells were dissociated enzymatically. Dissociated smooth muscle cells were interfered with CPT-cAMP (100 micromol/L) or forskolin (10 micromol/L). The signal channel open dwell-time (To), close dwell-time (Tc) and open probability (Po) were recorded. RESULTS CPT-cAMP or forskolin significantly prolonged To, shorten Tc and increased Po in saline group (P < 0.01). But in nicotine group To, Tc and Po did not been changed. CONCLUSION This phenomenon may serve as a physiological mechanism that nicotine inhibits BK(Ca) channel activity to increase via cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Quan Kong
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical School, Wuhu 241001, China.
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Wang T, Mancuso JJ, Kazmi SS, Dwelle J, Sapozhnikova V, Willsey B, Ma LL, Qiu J, Li X, Dunn AK, Johnston KP, Feldman MD, Milner TE. Combined two-photon luminescence microscopy and OCT for macrophage detection in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit aorta using plasmonic gold nanorose. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:49-59. [PMID: 22246984 PMCID: PMC3696498 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The macrophage is an important early cellular marker related to risk of future rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Two-channel two-photon luminescence (TPL) microscopy combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to detect, and further characterize the distribution of aorta-based macrophages using plasmonic gold nanorose as an imaging contrast agent. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanorose uptake by macrophages was identified by TPL microscopy in macrophage cell culture. Ex vivo aorta segments (8 × 8 × 2 mm(3) ) rich in macrophages from a rabbit model of aorta inflammation were imaged by TPL microscopy in combination with OCT. Aorta histological sections (5 µm in thickness) were also imaged by TPL microscopy. RESULTS Merged two-channel TPL images showed the lateral and depth distribution of nanorose-loaded macrophages (confirmed by RAM-11 stain) and other aorta components (e.g., elastin fiber and lipid droplet), suggesting that nanorose-loaded macrophages are diffusively distributed and mostly detected superficially within 20 µm from the luminal surface of the aorta. Moreover, OCT images depicted detailed surface structure of the diseased aorta. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that TPL microscopy combined with OCT can simultaneously reveal macrophage distribution with respect to aorta surface structure, which has the potential to detect vulnerable plaques and monitor plaque-based macrophages overtime during cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - J. Jacob Mancuso
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - S.M. Shams Kazmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jordan Dwelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Veronika Sapozhnikova
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Brian Willsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0400, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Li L. Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0400, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jinze Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Xiankai Li
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0400, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Marc D. Feldman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Thomas E. Milner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
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