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Sunari IGAAEP, Aryati A, Hakim FKN, Tanzilia MF, Zuroidah N, Wrahatnala BJ, Rohman A, Wardhani P, Husada D, Miftahussurur M. Non-structural protein 1 and hematology parameters as predictors of dengue virus infection severity in Indonesia. J Med Life 2023; 16:1546-1551. [PMID: 38313186 PMCID: PMC10835564 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection (DVI) remains a significant health challenge, and diagnosis must still be considered. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a potential marker of the dengue virus that can help diagnose DVI. The study aimed to assess the role of NS1 as a predictor of the severity of DVI. We utilized Dengue PCR-confirmed samples and employed semi-quantitative NS1Ag ELISA for NS1 examination, adhering to the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (WHO-SEARO) 2011 criteria for DVI. We included DVI patients from Indonesia aged 1-65 years. Secondary infections had more severe clinical conditions than primary infections. Leukocyte and platelet levels had a more significant effect on NS1 positivity (6.19 (1.9-30.2); p<0.001; 190 (11-417); p=0.015; respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed leukocytes as a more significant predictor of NS1 values than platelets, with an odds ratio of 5.38 contributing to 30.5% of the NS1 value variation. The NS1 value could distinguish undifferentiated fever and dengue fever in the children group with a sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 87.5% (p=0.015). The number of NS1(-) in the severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) group was higher than NS1(+). DENV-4 type and primary infection were dominant in this study, although they did not significantly differ from the NS1 value. NS1 value can be used as a predictor to determine the severity of DVI in children but not in the adult group. The levels of leukocytes and platelets influenced the NS1 value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aryati Aryati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - May Fanny Tanzilia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Zuroidah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ali Rohman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Puspa Wardhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dominicus Husada
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mishra N, Teyra J, Boytz R, Miersch S, Merritt TN, Cardarelli L, Gorelik M, Mihalic F, Jemth P, Davey RA, Sidhu SS, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to Detect for SARS-CoV-2 Proteins. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167583. [PMID: 35405107 PMCID: PMC8993412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has impacted the world economy and healthcare infrastructure. Key reagents with high specificity to SARS-CoV-2 proteins are currently lacking, which limits our ability to understand the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections. To address this need, we initiated a series of studies to generate and develop highly specific antibodies against proteins from SARS-CoV-2 using an antibody engineering platform. These efforts resulted in 18 monoclonal antibodies against nine SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Here we report the characterization of several antibodies, including those that recognize Nsp1, Nsp8, Nsp12, and Orf3b viral proteins. Our validation studies included evaluation for use of antibodies in ELISA, western blots, and immunofluorescence assays (IFA). We expect that availability of these antibodies will enhance our ability to further characterize host-viral interactions, including specific roles played by viral proteins during infection, to acquire a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - RuthMabel Boytz
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shane Miersch
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trudy N Merritt
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryna Gorelik
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Filip Mihalic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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3
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Buensuceso CE, Tiu BDB, Lee LP, Sabido PMG, Nuesca GM, Caldona EB, Del Mundo FR, Advincula RC. Electropolymerized-molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPS) as sensing elements for the detection of dengue infection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1347-1357. [PMID: 34750643 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward in situ detection method for dengue infection was demonstrated through the molecular imprinting of a dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) epitope into an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polyterthiophene (E-MIP) film sensor. The key enabling step in the sensor fabrication is based on an epitope imprinting strategy, in which short peptide sequences derived from the original target molecules were employed as the main template for detection and analysis. The formation of the E-MIP sensor films was facilitated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitored in situ by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EC-QCM). Surface properties were analyzed using different techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and polarization modulation-infrared reflection-adsorption (PM-IRRAS). The standard calibration curve (R = 0.9830) was generated for the detection of the epitope, Ac-VHTWTEQYKFQ-NH2, with a linear range of 0.2 to 30 μg/mL and detection limit of 0.073 μg/mL. A separate calibration curve (R = 0.9786) was obtained using spiked buffered solutions of dengue NS1 protein, which resulted in a linear range of 0.2 to 10 μg/mL and a detection limit of 0.056 μg/mL. The fabricated E-MIP sensor exhibited long-term stability, high sensitivity, and good selectivity towards the targeted molecules. These results indicated that the formation of the exact and stable cavity imprints in terms of size, shape, and functionalities was successful. In our future work, we aim to use our E-MIP sensors for NS1 detection in real-life samples such as serum and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse E Buensuceso
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brylee David B Tiu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1762, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1762, USA
| | - Portia Mahal G Sabido
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Guillermo M Nuesca
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Eugene B Caldona
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Florian R Del Mundo
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Rigoberto C Advincula
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
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Wessel AW, Dowd KA, Biering SB, Zhang P, Edeling MA, Nelson CA, Funk KE, DeMaso CR, Klein RS, Smith JL, Cao TM, Kuhn RJ, Fremont DH, Harris E, Pierson TC, Diamond MS. Levels of Circulating NS1 Impact West Nile Virus Spread to the Brain. J Virol 2021; 95:e0084421. [PMID: 34346770 PMCID: PMC8475509 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00844-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arthropod-transmitted flaviviruses that cause systemic vascular leakage and encephalitis syndromes, respectively, in humans. However, the viral factors contributing to these specific clinical disorders are not completely understood. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is required for replication, expressed on the cell surface, and secreted as a soluble glycoprotein, reaching high levels in the blood of infected individuals. Extracellular DENV NS1 and WNV NS1 interact with host proteins and cells, have immune evasion functions, and promote endothelial dysfunction in a tissue-specific manner. To characterize how differences in DENV NS1 and WNV NS1 might function in pathogenesis, we generated WNV NS1 variants with substitutions corresponding to residues found in DENV NS1. We discovered that the substitution NS1-P101K led to reduced WNV infectivity in the brain and attenuated lethality in infected mice, although the virus replicated efficiently in cell culture and peripheral organs and bound at wild-type levels to brain endothelial cells and complement components. The P101K substitution resulted in reduced NS1 antigenemia in mice, and this was associated with reduced WNV spread to the brain. Because exogenous administration of NS1 protein rescued WNV brain infectivity in mice, we conclude that circulating WNV NS1 facilitates viral dissemination into the central nervous system and impacts disease outcomes. IMPORTANCE Flavivirus NS1 serves as an essential scaffolding molecule during virus replication but also is expressed on the cell surface and is secreted as a soluble glycoprotein that circulates in the blood of infected individuals. Although extracellular forms of NS1 are implicated in immune modulation and in promoting endothelial dysfunction at blood-tissue barriers, it has been challenging to study specific effects of NS1 on pathogenesis without disrupting its key role in virus replication. Here, we assessed WNV NS1 variants that do not affect virus replication and evaluated their effects on pathogenesis in mice. Our characterization of WNV NS1-P101K suggests that the levels of NS1 in the circulation facilitate WNV dissemination to the brain and affect disease outcomes. Our findings facilitate understanding of the role of NS1 during flavivirus infection and support antiviral strategies for targeting circulating forms of NS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. Wessel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christina R. DeMaso
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Janet L. Smith
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thu Minh Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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5
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Lim JK, Chanthavanich P, Limkittikul K, Lee JS, Sirivichayakul C, Lee KS, Lim SK, Yoon IK, Hattasingh W. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue fever in 2011-2016 in Bang Phae district, Ratchaburi province, Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009513. [PMID: 34191799 PMCID: PMC8244866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a major public health problem in Thailand, but data are often focused on certain dengue-endemic areas. Methods: To better understand dengue epidemiology and clinical characteristics in Thailand, a fever surveillance study was conducted among patients aged 1-55 years, who presented with non-localized febrile illness at Bang Phae Community Hospital in Ratchaburi province, Thailand from October 2011 to September 2016. RESULTS Among 951 febrile episodes, 130 were dengue-confirmed. Individuals aged 10-14 years were mostly affected, followed by those 15-19 years-of-age, with about 15% of dengue-confirmed cases from adults 25 years and older. There were annual peaks of dengue occurrence between June-November. Most prevalent serotype in circulation was DENV-2 in 2012, DENV-3 in 2014, and DENV-4 & -3 in 2015. Among dengue cases, 65% were accurately detected using the dengue NS1 RDT. Detection rate was similar between secondary and primary dengue cases where 66% of secondary vs. 60% of primary dengue cases had positive results on the NS1 RDT. Among dengue cases, 66% were clinically diagnosed with suspected dengue or DHF, prior to lab confirmation. Dengue was positively associated with rash, headache, hematemesis and alterations to consciousness, when compared to non-dengue. Dengue patients were 10.6 times more likely to be hospitalized, compared to non-dengue cases. Among dengue cases, 95 were secondary and 35 were primary infections. There were 8 suspected DHF cases and all were identified to be secondary dengue. Secondary dengue cases were 3.5 times more likely to be hospitalized compared to primary dengue cases. Although the majority of our dengue-positive patients were secondary dengue cases, with few patients showing manifestations of DHF, our dengue cases were mostly mild disease. Even among children < 10 years-of-age, 61% had secondary infection and the rate of secondary infection increased with age. CONCLUSION While the majority of dengue-confirmed cases were children, almost three-quarters of dengue-confirmed cases in this study were secondary dengue. Our study results consistent with previous data from the country confirm the hyperendemic transmission of DENV in Thailand, even in the non-epidemic years. With various interventions becoming available for dengue prevention and control, including dengue vaccines, decision-making on future implementation strategies should be based on such burden of disease data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jung-Seok Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kang Sung Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sl-Ki Lim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Oslo, Norway
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6
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Xu B, Lee EM, Medina A, Sun X, Wang D, Tang H, Zhou GC. Inhibition of zika virus infection by fused tricyclic derivatives of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-3(3aH)-one. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104205. [PMID: 32916389 PMCID: PMC7686041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection represents a significant threat to the global health system, and the search for efficient antivirals to ZIKV remains necessary and urgent. In this study, we extended the exploration of our previously discovered scaffold of 1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-1-one and revealed that two trans isomers of compounds 2 and 7 and one mixture with major trans isomer of compound 3 as novel tetrahydroquinoline-fused imidazolone derivatives are active against ZIKV infection but they are not virucidal. Western Blot and ELISA analyses of ZIKV NS5 and NS1 further demonstrate that compounds of (±)-2, (±)-3 and (±)-7 act as effective agents against ZIKV infection. We show that the N10's basicity is not the basic requirement for these compounds' antiviral activity in the current work. Importantly, tuning of some pharmacophores including substituents at arene can generate promising candidates for anti-ZIKV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Emily M Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Angelica Medina
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China.
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7
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Bosch I, Reddy A, de Puig H, Ludert JE, Perdomo-Celis F, Narváez CF, Versiani A, Fandos D, Nogueira ML, Singla M, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR, Lorenzana I, Ralde HV, Gélvez-Ramírez M, Villar LA, Hiley M, Mendoza L, Salcedo N, Herrera BB, Gehrke L. Serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a nonstructural protein 1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validated with a multi-national cohort. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008203. [PMID: 32579555 PMCID: PMC7351204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) infections pose one of the largest global barriers to human health. The four serotypes (DENV 1-4) present different symptoms and influence immune response to subsequent DENV infections, rendering surveillance, risk assessments, and disease control particularly challenging. Early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management is critical and can be achieved by detecting DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in serum during the acute phase. However, few NS1-based tests have been developed that are capable of differentiating DENV serotypes and none are currently commercially available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to distinguish DENV-1-4 NS1 using serotype-specific pairs of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 1,046 antibodies were harvested from DENV-immunized mice and screened for antigen binding affinity. ELISA clinical performance was evaluated using 408 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed dengue samples obtained from patients in Brazil, Honduras, and India. The overall sensitivity of the test for pan-DENV was 79.66% (325/408), and the sensitivities for DENV-1-4 serotyping were 79.1% (38/48), 80.41% (78/97), 100% (45/45), and 79.6% (98/123), respectively. Specificity reached 94.07-100%. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates a robust antibody screening strategy that enabled the development of a serotype NS1-based ELISA with maximized specific and sensitive antigen binding. This sensitive and specific assay also utilized the most expansive cohort to date, and of which about half are from Latin America, a geographic region severely underrepresented in previous similar studies. This ELISA test offers potential enhanced diagnostics during the acute phase of infection to help guide patient care and disease control. These results indicate that this ELISA is a promising aid in early DENV-1-4 diagnosis and surveillance in regions of endemicity in addition to offer convenient monitoring for future vaccine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bosch
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ankita Reddy
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena de Puig
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan E. Ludert
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Carlos F. Narváez
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Alice Versiani
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Fandos
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio L. Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ivette Lorenzana
- Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Hugo Vicente Ralde
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A. Villar
- Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Network, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Megan Hiley
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura Mendoza
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nol Salcedo
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lee Gehrke
- E25Bio, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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8
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Jirasko V, Lakomek N, Penzel S, Fogeron M, Bartenschlager R, Meier BH, Böckmann A. Proton-Detected Solid-State NMR of the Cell-Free Synthesized α-Helical Transmembrane Protein NS4B from Hepatitis C Virus. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1453-1460. [PMID: 31850615 PMCID: PMC7318649 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proton-detected 100 kHz magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR is an emerging analysis method for proteins with only hundreds of microgram quantities, and thus allows structural investigation of eukaryotic membrane proteins. This is the case for the cell-free synthesized hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural membrane protein 4B (NS4B). We demonstrate NS4B sample optimization using fast reconstitution schemes that enable lipid-environment screening directly by NMR. 2D spectra and relaxation properties guide the choice of the best sample preparation to record 2D 1 H-detected 1 H,15 N and 3D 1 H,13 C,15 N correlation experiments with linewidths and sensitivity suitable to initiate sequential assignments. Amino-acid-selectively labeled NS4B can be readily obtained using cell-free synthesis, opening the door to combinatorial labeling approaches which should enable structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Jirasko
- ETH ZürichPhysical ChemistryVladimir-Prelog Weg 28093ZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Susanne Penzel
- ETH ZürichPhysical ChemistryVladimir-Prelog Weg 28093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Marie‐Laure Fogeron
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des ProteinesMMSBLabex EcofectUMR 5086 CNRSUniversité de Lyon7 passage du Vercors69367LyonFrance
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMolecular VirologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 34569120HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (Germany)Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 24269120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Beat H. Meier
- ETH ZürichPhysical ChemistryVladimir-Prelog Weg 28093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des ProteinesMMSBLabex EcofectUMR 5086 CNRSUniversité de Lyon7 passage du Vercors69367LyonFrance
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9
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Nilaratanakul V, Hauer DA, Griffin DE. Visualization of cell-type dependent effects of anti-E2 antibody and interferon-gamma treatments on localization and expression of Broccoli aptamer-tagged alphavirus RNAs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5259. [PMID: 32210257 PMCID: PMC7093546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sindbis virus (SINV) is an alphavirus that causes age-dependent encephalomyelitis in mice. Within 7-8 days after infection infectious virus is cleared from neurons through the antiviral effects of antibody and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), but RNA persists. To better understand changes in viral RNA associated with immune-mediated clearance we developed recombinant strains of SINV that have genomic and subgenomic viral RNAs tagged with the Broccoli RNA aptamer that binds and activates a conditional fluorophore for live cell imaging of RNA. Treatment of SINV-Broccoli-infected cells with antibody to the SINV E2 glycoprotein had cell type-specific effects. In BHK cells, antibody increased levels of intracellular viral RNA and changed the primary location of genomic RNA from the perinuclear region to the plasma membrane without improving cell viability. In undifferentiated and differentiated AP7 (dAP7) neuronal cells, antibody treatment decreased levels of viral RNA. Occasional dAP7 cells escaped antibody-mediated clearance by not expressing cell surface E2 or binding antibody to the plasma membrane. IFNγ decreased viral RNA levels only in dAP7 cells and synergized with antibody for RNA clearance and improved cell survival. Therefore, analysis of aptamer-tagged SINV RNAs identified cell type- and neuronal maturation-dependent responses to immune mediators of virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voraphoj Nilaratanakul
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Debra A Hauer
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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10
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Lucero JA, Sacdalan DB. White islands in a sea of red: A tropical rash. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 66:e3-e4. [PMID: 31200995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Anne Lucero
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Danielle Benedict Sacdalan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines.
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11
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Takemura K, Adegoke O, Suzuki T, Park EY. A localized surface plasmon resonance-amplified immunofluorescence biosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of nonstructural protein 1 of Zika virus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211517. [PMID: 30703161 PMCID: PMC6355018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the members of flaviviruses, the Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a potent infectious disease agent, with its associated pandemic prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a global public health concern. Thus, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the ZIKV is needed. In this study, we report a new immunofluorescence biosensor for the detection of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the ZIKV, which operates using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signal from plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to amplify the fluorescence intensity signal of quantum dots (QDs) within an antigen-antibody detection process. The LSPR signal from the AuNPs was used to amplify the fluorescence intensity of the QDs. For ultrasensitive, rapid, and quantitative detection of NS1 of the ZIKV, four different thiol-capped AuNPs were investigated. Our biosensor could detect the ZIKV in a wide concentration range from 10-107 RNA copies/mL, and we found that the limit of detection (LOD) for the ZIKV followed the order Ab-L-cysteine-AuNPs (LOD = 8.2 copies/mL) > Ab-3-mercaptopropionic acid-AuNPs (LOD = 35.0 copies/mL). Immunofluorescence biosensor for NS1 exhibited excellent specificity against other negative control targets and could also detect the ZIKV in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Oluwasesan Adegoke
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handa-yama, Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
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12
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Remenyi R, Gao Y, Hughes RE, Curd A, Zothner C, Peckham M, Merits A, Harris M. Persistent Replication of a Chikungunya Virus Replicon in Human Cells Is Associated with Presence of Stable Cytoplasmic Granules Containing Nonstructural Protein 3. J Virol 2018; 92:e00477-18. [PMID: 29875241 PMCID: PMC6069192 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00477-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne human pathogen, causes a disabling disease characterized by severe joint pain that can persist for weeks, months, or even years in patients. The nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) plays essential roles during acute infection, but little is known about the function of nsP3 during chronic disease. Here, we used subdiffraction multicolor microscopy for spatial and temporal analysis of CHIKV nsP3 within human cells that persistently replicate replicon RNA. Round cytoplasmic granules of various sizes (i) contained nsP3 and stress granule assembly factors 1 and 2 (G3BP1/2), (ii) were next to double-stranded RNA foci and nsP1-positive structures, and (iii) were close to the nuclear membrane and the nuclear pore complex protein Nup98. Analysis of protein turnover and mobility by live-cell microscopy revealed that the granules could persist for hours to days, accumulated newly synthesized protein, and moved through the cytoplasm at various speeds. The granules also had a static internal architecture and were stable in cell lysates. Refractory cells that had cleared the noncytotoxic replicon regained the ability to respond to arsenite-induced stress. In summary, nsP3 can form uniquely stable granular structures that persist long-term within the host cell. This continued presence of viral and cellular protein complexes has implications for the study of the pathogenic consequences of lingering CHIKV infection and the development of strategies to mitigate the burden of chronic musculoskeletal disease brought about by a medically important arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus).IMPORTANCE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos and causes transient sickness but also chronic disease affecting muscles and joints. No approved vaccines or antivirals are available. Thus, a better understanding of the viral life cycle and the role of viral proteins can aid in identifying new therapeutic targets. Advances in microscopy and development of noncytotoxic replicons (A. Utt, P. K. Das, M. Varjak, V. Lulla, A. Lulla, A. Merits, J Virol 89:3145-3162, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03213-14) have allowed researchers to study viral proteins within controlled laboratory environments over extended durations. Here we established human cells that stably replicate replicon RNA and express tagged nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). The ability to track nsP3 within the host cell and during persistent replication can benefit fundamental research efforts to better understand long-term consequences of the persistence of viral protein complexes and thereby provide the foundation for new therapeutic targets to control CHIKV infection and treat chronic disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Remenyi
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yanni Gao
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Hughes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Curd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Zothner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus. The outbreak of CHIKV infection has been seen in many tropical and subtropical regions of the biosphere. Current reports evidenced that after outbreaks in 2005-06, the fitness of this virus propagating in Aedes albopictus enhanced due to the epistatic mutational changes in its envelope protein. In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions (IDPRs) in CHIKV proteome. IDPs/IDPRs are known as members of a 'Dark Proteome' that defined as a set of polypeptide segments or whole protein without unique three-dimensional structure within the cellular milieu but with significant biological functions, such as cell cycle regulation, control of signaling pathways, and maintenance of viral proteomes. However, the intrinsically disordered aspects of CHIKV proteome and roles of IDPs/IDPRs in the pathogenic mechanism of this important virus have not been evaluated as of yet. There are no existing reports on the analysis of intrinsic disorder status of CHIKV. To fulfil this goal, we have analyzed the abundance and functionality of IDPs/IDPRs in CHIKV proteins, involved in the replication and maturation. It is likely that these IDPs/IDPRs can serve as novel targets for disorder based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Rakhi Yadav
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, 175005, India.
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Radzol ARM, Lee KY, Mansor W, Omar IS. PCA criterion for SVM (MLP) classifier for flavivirus biomarker from salivary SERS spectra at febrile stage. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:6206-6209. [PMID: 28269669 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-structural protein (NS1) has been conceded as one of the biomarkers for flavivirus that causes diseases with life threatening consequences. NS1 is an antigen that allows detection of the illness at febrile stage, mostly from blood samples currently. Our work here intends to define an optimum model for PCA-SVM with MLP kernel for classification of flavivirus biomarker, NS1 molecule, from SERS spectra of saliva, which to the best of our knowledge has never been explored. Since performance of the model depends on the PCA criterion and MLP parameters, both are examined in tandem. Input vector to classifier determined by each PCA criterion is subjected to brute force tuning of MLP parameters for entirety. Its performance is also compared to our previous works where a Linear and RBF kernel are used. It is found that the best PCA-SVM (MLP) model can be defined by 5 PCs from Cattel's Scree test for PCA, together with P1 and P2 values of 0.1 and -0.2 respectively, with a classification performance of [96.9%, 93.8%, 100.0%].
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15
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Tam JO, de Puig H, Yen CW, Bosch I, Gómez-Márquez J, Clavet C, Hamad-Schifferli K, Gehrke L. A comparison of nanoparticle-antibody conjugation strategies in sandwich immunoassays. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:355-377. [PMID: 27982728 PMCID: PMC6202116 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1269338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics such as lateral flow and dipstick immunoassays use gold nanoparticle (NP)-antibody conjugates for visual readout. We investigated the effects of NP conjugation, surface chemistries, and antibody immobilization methods on dipstick performance. We compared orientational, covalent conjugation, electrostatic adsorption, and a commercial conjugation kit for dipstick assays to detect dengue virus NS1 protein. Assay performance depended significantly on their conjugate properties. We also tested arrangements of multiple test lines within strips. Results show that orientational, covalent conjugation with PEG shield could improve NS1 detection. These approaches can be used to optimize immunochromatographic detection for a range of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina O Tam
- a Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Winchester , Massachusetts
| | - Helena de Puig
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
| | - Chun-Wan Yen
- a Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Winchester , Massachusetts
- c Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
| | - Irene Bosch
- c Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
| | - Jose Gómez-Márquez
- d MIT Little Devices Lab and the MIT-SUTD International Design Centre , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
| | - Charles Clavet
- a Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Winchester , Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
- e Department of Engineering , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - Lee Gehrke
- c Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts
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16
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Radzol ARM, Lee KY, Mansor W. Classification of salivary based NS1 from Raman Spectroscopy with support vector machine. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2014:1835-8. [PMID: 25570334 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) antigen has been recognized as a biomarker for diagnosis of flavivirus viral infections at early stage. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is an optical technique capable of detecting up to a single molecule. Our previous work has established the Raman fingerprint of NS1 with gold as substrate. Our current study aims to classify NS1 infected saliva samples from healthy samples, a first ever attempt. Saliva samples from healthy subjects, NS1 protein and NS1-saliva mixture samples were analyzed using SERS. The SERS spectra were then pre-processed prior to classification with support vector machine (SVM). NS1-saliva mixture at concentration of 10ppm, 50ppm and 100ppm were examined. Performance of SVM classifier with linear, polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernels were compared, in term of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. From the results, it can be concluded that SVM classifier is able to classify the samples into NS1 infected samples and normal saliva samples. Of the three kernels, performance in using polynomial and RBF kernel is found surpassing the linear kernel. The best performance is attained with RBF kernel with accuracy of [97.1% 93.4% 81.5%] for 100ppm, 50ppm and 10ppm respectively.
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17
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Takasaki T. [Zika virus -virus and laboratory diagnosis]. Uirusu 2016; 66:73-74. [PMID: 28484181 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.66.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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18
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Andries AC, Duong V, Ly S, Cappelle J, Kim KS, Lorn Try P, Ros S, Ong S, Huy R, Horwood P, Flamand M, Sakuntabhai A, Tarantola A, Buchy P. Value of Routine Dengue Diagnostic Tests in Urine and Saliva Specimens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004100. [PMID: 26406240 PMCID: PMC4583371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue laboratory diagnosis is essentially based on detection of the virus, its components or antibodies directed against the virus in blood samples. Blood, however, may be difficult to draw in some patients, especially in children, and sampling during outbreak investigations or epidemiological studies may face logistical challenges or limited compliance to invasive procedures from subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using saliva and urine samples instead of blood for dengue diagnosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Serial plasma, urine and saliva samples were collected at several time-points between the day of admission to hospital until three months after the onset of fever in children with confirmed dengue disease. Quantitative RT-PCR, NS1 antigen capture and ELISA serology for anti-DENV antibody (IgG, IgM and IgA) detection were performed in parallel on the three body fluids. RT-PCR and NS1 tests demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 85.4%/63.4%, 41.6%/14.5% and 39%/28.3%, in plasma, urine and saliva specimens, respectively. When urine and saliva samples were collected at the same time-points and tested concurrently, the diagnostic sensitivity of RNA and NS1 detection assays was 69.1% and 34.4%, respectively. IgG/IgA detection assays had an overall sensitivity of 54.4%/37.4%, 38.5%/26.8% and 52.9%/28.6% in plasma, urine and saliva specimens, respectively. IgM were detected in 38.1% and 36% of the plasma and saliva samples but never in urine. Conclusions Although the performances of the different diagnostic methods were not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma specimens, the results obtained by qRT-PCR and by anti-DENV antibody ELISA could well justify the use of these two body fluids to detect dengue infection in situations when the collection of blood specimens is not possible. Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne disease affecting humans and represents a huge public health burden in affected countries. Symptoms are often non-specific hence the need for an early, sensitive and specific diagnosis of dengue for appropriate management as well as for early epidemic detection. Currently, almost all laboratory diagnostic methods require a blood specimen that may be sometimes be difficult or inconvenient to obtain. In this study, we assessed the possibility to use saliva and urine samples as alternatives to blood specimens in dengue diagnosis. We demonstrated that the performances of the different diagnostic methods (RT-PCR, NS1 antigen detection and anti-DENV IgM/IgG/IgA ELISAs) were in general not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma, but that the use of these body fluids obtained by non-invasive methods could be of value in certain circumstances such as outbreak investigations or in young children (once they are old enough to comply to instructions), in addition to the situations when blood cannot be easily collected (e.g., lack of phlebotomist, refusal of the procedure, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Julien Cappelle
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité AGIRs, Montpellier, France
| | - Kim Srorn Kim
- Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Pediatric Department, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Patrich Lorn Try
- Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Pediatric Department, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Sopheaktra Ros
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sivuth Ong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rekol Huy
- Ministry of Health, Centre National de Malariologie, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Horwood
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marie Flamand
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit & CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Institut Pasteur, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Vaccine Value and Health Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Hagag IT, Mansour SMG, Zhang Z, Ali AAH, Ismaiel EBM, Salama AA, Cardona CJ, Collins J, Xing Z. Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Naturally Infected Poultry in Egypt. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120061. [PMID: 25962145 PMCID: PMC4427178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been endemic in Egypt since 2006, and there is increasing concern for its potential to become highly transmissible among humans. Infection by HPAIV H5N1 has been described in experimentally challenged birds. However, the pathogenicity of the H5N1 isolated in Egypt has never been reported in naturally infected chickens and ducks. Here we report a 2013 outbreak of HPAIV H5N1 in commercial poultry farms and backyards in Sharkia Province, Egypt. The main symptoms were ecchymosis on the shanks and feet, cyanosis of the comb and wattles, subcutaneous edema of the head and neck for chickens, and nervous signs (torticollis) for ducks. Within 48-72 hrs of the onset of illness, the average mortality rates were 22.8-30% and 28.5-40% in vaccinated chickens and non-vaccinated ducks, respectively. Tissue samples of chickens and ducks were collected for analyses with cross-section immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR for specific viral RNA transcripts. While viral RNA was detected in nearly all tissues and sera collected, viral nucleoprotein was detected almost ubiquitously in all tissues, including testis. Interestingly, viral antigen was also observed in endothelial cells of most organs in chickens, and clearly detected in the trachea and brain in particular. Viral nucleoprotein was also detected in mononuclear cells of various organs, especially pulmonary tissue. We performed phylogenetic analyses and compared the genomic sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and nonstructural proteins (NS) among the isolated viruses, the HPAIV circulated in Egypt in the past and currently, and some available vaccine strains. Further analysis of deduced amino acids of both HA and NS1 revealed that our isolates carried molecular determinants of HPAIV, including the multibasic amino acids (PQGERRRK/KR*GLF) in the cleavage site in HA and glutamate at position 92 (D92E) in NS1. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of the HPAIVH5N1 strain currently circulating in naturally infected poultry in Egypt, which may provide unique insights into the viral pathogenesis in HPAIV-infected chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Thabet Hagag
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shimaa M. G. Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Zerui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed A. H. Ali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Bakry M. Ismaiel
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Salama
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Carol J. Cardona
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James Collins
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zheng Xing
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Liu XY, Yang J, Xie L, Li J, Song XJ, Chen JP, Zhang HM. P5-2 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus is a non-structural protein targeted to chloroplasts. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1211-7. [PMID: 25749897 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome segment S5 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae) is functionally bicistronic in infected plants. It has a conserved second ORF (P5-2) partially overlapping the major ORF in a different reading frame, but its function remains unknown. P5-2 was detected in infected plants, but not in purified viral particles by Western blotting, indicating that it is a non-structural protein. In immunoelectron microscopy, polyclonal antibodies against P5-2 specifically labelled chloroplasts of infected rice plants. When P5-2 fused with green fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, fluorescence was also co-localized with chloroplasts. Experiments with deletion mutants of P5-2 showed that its N-terminal part was responsible for its targeting to chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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21
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Subramaniam AB, Gonidec M, Shapiro ND, Kresse KM, Whitesides GM. Metal-amplified Density Assays, (MADAs), including a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DeLISA). Lab Chip 2015; 15:1009-1022. [PMID: 25474561 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of Metal-amplified Density Assays, or MADAs - a method of conducting quantitative or multiplexed assays, including immunoassays, by using Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) to measure metal-amplified changes in the density of beads labeled with biomolecules. The binding of target analytes (i.e. proteins, antibodies, antigens) to complementary ligands immobilized on the surface of the beads, followed by a chemical amplification of the binding in a form that results in a change in the density of the beads (achieved by using gold nanoparticle-labeled biomolecules, and electroless deposition of gold or silver), translates analyte binding events into changes in density measureable using MagLev. A minimal model based on diffusion-limited growth of hemispherical nuclei on a surface reproduces the dynamics of the assay. A MADA - when performed with antigens and antibodies - is called a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, or DeLISA. Two immunoassays provided a proof of principle: a competitive quantification of the concentration of neomycin in whole milk, and a multiplexed detection of antibodies against Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein and syphilis T. pallidum p47 protein in serum. MADAs, including DeLISAs, require, besides the requisite biomolecules and amplification reagents, minimal specialized equipment (two permanent magnets, a ruler or a capillary with calibrated length markings) and no electrical power to obtain a quantitative readout of analyte concentration. With further development, the method may be useful in resource-limited or point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 230 Mallinckrodt Bldg., 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Pal S, Dauner AL, Mitra I, Forshey BM, Garcia P, Morrison AC, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Wu SJL. Evaluation of dengue NS1 antigen rapid tests and ELISA kits using clinical samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113411. [PMID: 25412170 PMCID: PMC4239072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection can improve clinical outcomes by ensuring close follow-up, initiating appropriate supportive therapies and raising awareness to the potential of hemorrhage or shock. Non-structural glycoprotein-1 (NS1) has proven to be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of dengue. A number of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) targeting NS1 antigen (Ag) are now commercially available. Here we evaluated these tests using a well-characterized panel of clinical samples to determine their effectiveness for early diagnosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Retrospective samples from South America were used to evaluate the following tests: (i) “Dengue NS1 Ag STRIP” and (ii) “Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag ELISA” (Bio-Rad, France), (iii) “Dengue NS1 Detect Rapid Test (1st Generation)” and (iv) “DENV Detect NS1 ELISA” (InBios International, United States), (v) “Panbio Dengue Early Rapid (1st generation)” (vi) “Panbio Dengue Early ELISA (2nd generation)” and (vii) “SD Bioline Dengue NS1 Ag Rapid Test” (Alere, United States). Overall, the sensitivity of the RDTs ranged from 71.9%–79.1% while the sensitivity of the ELISAs varied between 85.6–95.9%, using virus isolation as the reference method. Most tests had lower sensitivity for DENV-4 relative to the other three serotypes, were less sensitive in detecting secondary infections, and appeared to be most sensitive on Day 3–4 post symptom onset. The specificity of all evaluated tests ranged from 95%–100%. Conclusions ELISAs had greater overall sensitivity than RDTs. In conjunction with other parameters, the performance data can help determine which dengue diagnostics should be used during the first few days of illness, when the patients are most likely to present to a clinic seeking care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Pal
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Allison L. Dauner
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | - Indrani Mitra
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | | | - Paquita Garcia
- Peruvian Ministry of Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit, No. 6, Lima, Peru
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | | | - Tadeusz J. Kochel
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | - Shuenn-Jue L. Wu
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
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Huang CH, Chen YH, Lin CY. Response to the letter of Arya and Agarwal. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2013; 46:487-488. [PMID: 23523044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Tropical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Tropical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Camara AR, Gouvêa PMP, Dias ACMS, Braga AMB, Dutra RF, de Araujo RE, Carvalho ICS. Dengue immunoassay with an LSPR fiber optic sensor. Opt Express 2013; 21:27023-27031. [PMID: 24216926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a viral disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Specific tests for dengue are not usually performed due to high costs, complicated procedures and, in some cases, long time to yield a result. For widespread use of specific tests to be possible, fast, reliable and fairly simple methods are needed. In this paper, we present a new dengue diagnostic method for the acute phase of the infection. The method proposed uses an all-optical fiber sensor based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) and specular reflection from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Dengue anti-NS1 antibody was immobilized on AuNPs deposited on the endface of a standard multimode fiber (62.5 µm/125 µm). The sensor is able to detect NS1 antigen at different concentrations, with limit of quantification estimated to be 0.074 μg/ml = 1.54 nM. These results indicate that the sensor could potentially be used for dengue diagnosis in the acute phase of the infection.
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Fang J, Li H, Peng G, Cao S, Zhen FF, Chen H, Song Y. Methods for detecting ATP hydrolysis and nucleic acid unwinding of Japanese encephalitis virus NS3 helicase. J Virol Methods 2013; 194:33-8. [PMID: 23948158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that is prevalent in south-east Asia. Because there is no specific antiviral agent, JEV still causes a high rate of neurologic sequelae and mortality in humans. The helicase encoded by the NS3 gene of JEV has emerged recently as a novel antiviral target for treatment. In this study, a soluble recombinant JEV helicase protein was expressed and purified. Methods for detecting the ATP hydrolysis and nucleic acid unwinding activity were developed by luminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The concentrations of enzyme, substrate, capture strand, ATP, and divalent ions were optimised in the ATPase and helicase reactions. The feasibility of using these two methods for high-throughput screening of NS3 helicase inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin'e Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Siddiqui S, Khan I, Zarina S, Ali S. Use of the SYBR Green dye for measuring helicase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:196-8. [PMID: 23410932 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a non-radioactive assay that exploits the fluorescent dye SYBR Green to measure the helicase enzyme activity. SYBR Green I emits fluorescence upon intercalation with double-stranded DNA or RNA. The fluorescence is lost proportionally as the nucleic acid is converted to single strands by a helicase, and this decrease in fluorescence intensity can be used to measure the activity of the helicase enzyme. The reaction was prepared by mixing a double-stranded substrate with the helicase enzyme, buffer, ATP and SYBR Green I. After completion, the reaction was terminated by EDTA and fluorescence was measured. Using this technique, a linear increase in substrate release was observed with increasing time and helicase concentrations. The assay described here is speedy, efficient and economical; it holds promise for use in large-scale screening of drugs that target helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammer Siddiqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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27
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Yuan H, Adams-Huet B, Petersen T, Attar N, Lee WM, Jain MK. A single nucleotide polymorphism in IL28B affects viral evolution of hepatitis C quasispecies after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1913-9. [PMID: 23080496 PMCID: PMC3481197 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-28B (IL28B) polymorphisms are associated with viral response to peginterferon and ribavirin (RBV) in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Their recognition represents a breakthrough in the understanding of the role of the host in viral eradication. How these polymorphisms determine viral eradication is unknown. The IL-28B variants are hypothesized to have a differential impact on HCV quasispecies evolution during treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and RBV. In this study, HCV RNA levels were measured at early time points in 33 naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C patients and clonal analysis of the entire NS5A region was performed on sera from baseline and Day 7. Site rs12979860 polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products and classified into CC, CT, and TT and were identified in 13, 11, and 9 patients, respectively. The CC polymorphism more commonly was seen in Whites versus Blacks [12/21 (57%) vs. 1/12 (8%), P = 0.009] and HIV-infected versus mono-infected [13/25 (52%) vs. 0/8 (0%), P = 0.009]. Patients with CC and non-CC had similar baseline viral loads. More patients with the CC polymorphism had amino acid substitutions in NS5A compared to non-CC patients. Despite similar baseline viral diversity, by Day 7, significantly more patients with CC had higher non-synonymous substitution values compared to non-CC (P = 0.02). Chronic hepatitis C patients with the CC IL28B polymorphism have a higher number of amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region and early viral evolution due to greater interferon induced selective pressure during this critical period of treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Black People/genetics
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- Genome, Human
- Hepacivirus/classification
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/ethnology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phylogeny
- Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prospective Studies
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Time Factors
- Viral Load
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/analysis
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- White People/genetics
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Yuan
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tianna Petersen
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nahid Attar
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - William M. Lee
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mamta K. Jain
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas
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Shi H, Xie L, Shi H, Yan L, Duan Z. Characterization and application of monoclonal antibody against hepatitis C virus nonstructual protein three. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:54-9. [PMID: 22316486 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing assays for detecting HCV antigens could be beneficial because viral proteins appear earlier than antibodies and are more stable than RNA in the serum. Monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunization and cell fusion. Subclass, specificity, and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies were determined by ELISA. Epitope specificity of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by ELISA additivity test. HCV antigen in serum of hepatitis patients was examined by double monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA. Five hybridoma cell lines were screened and named HCV(1), HCV(2), HCV(3), HCV(4), and HCV(5). These five monoclonal antibodies had high specificity and efficiency. The additivity test showed that HCV(2), HCV(4), and HCV(5) recognized different epitopes, which can be matched in ELISA. Of 173 anti-HCV positive patients, 37 (21.4%) were positive for HCV antigen. Of 1498 anti-HCV negative patients, 10 (0.67%) were positive for HCV antigen. Fifty normal controls were negative for HCV antigen. HCV antigen detection had moderate agreement and correlation with HCV RNA detection (kappa=0.577, p<0.01; r=0.59, p<0.01). This result indicates that the monoclonal antibody against HCV NS(3) may be a potential diagnostic reagent, which would provide a foundation for developing a sandwich ELISA of HCV antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Centre, Beijing Youan Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Poponin DM, Gorovits ÉS, Bondarenko AL. [Dependence of IgG titers specific to various hepatitis C virus proteins on features of chronic infection course]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2011:57-61. [PMID: 22308730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Analysis of IgG titers that are specific to various hepatitis C proteins depending on features of chronic infection course. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative analysis of levels of IgG specific to a number of hepatitis C virus proteins was performed in 30 patients and 30 virus carriers. RESULTS Significant differences between these HCV infection course variants by level of accumulation of all studied HCV antibody groups were detected. Low a-core and a-NS4 IgG, high a-NS3 and medium a-NS5 titers may be an indicator of HCV carriage. Medium and high a-core, medium a-NS3 and a-NS4 as well as higher a-NS5 titers indicate chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSION The proposed method can be used for screening of chronic HCV infection course in the clinical practice.
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30
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Horner SM, Liu HM, Park HS, Briley J, Gale M. Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) form innate immune synapses and are targeted by hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:14590-5. [PMID: 21844353 PMCID: PMC3167523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110133108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that engages viral RNA in infected cells to trigger innate immune defenses through its adaptor protein MAVS. MAVS resides on mitochondria and peroxisomes, but how its signaling is coordinated among these organelles has not been defined. Here we show that a major site of MAVS signaling is the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM), a distinct membrane compartment that links the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. During RNA virus infection, RIG-I is recruited to the MAM to bind MAVS. Dynamic MAM tethering to mitochondria and peroxisomes then coordinates MAVS localization to form a signaling synapse between membranes. Importantly, the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease, which cleaves MAVS to support persistent infection, targets this synapse for MAVS proteolysis from the MAM, but not from mitochondria, to ablate RIG-I signaling of immune defenses. Thus, the MAM mediates an intracellular immune synapse that directs antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M. Horner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Helene Minyi Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Hae Soo Park
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jessica Briley
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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31
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Duong V, Ly S, Lorn Try P, Tuiskunen A, Ong S, Chroeung N, Lundkvist A, Leparc-Goffart I, Deubel V, Vong S, Buchy P. Clinical and virological factors influencing the performance of a NS1 antigen-capture assay and potential use as a marker of dengue disease severity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1244. [PMID: 21811645 PMCID: PMC3139664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of dengue NS1 antigen in acute infection has been proposed for early diagnosis of dengue disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and virological factors influencing the performance of the Platelia NS1 Ag kit (BioRad) and to assess the potential use of NS1 antigen and dengue viral loads as markers of dengue disease severity. Methodology/Principal Findings Blood specimens were collected from patients hospitalized at the Kampong Cham hospital during the 2006 and 2007 dengue epidemics in Cambodia. Dengue infection was confirmed in 243/339 symptomatic patients and in 17 asymptomatic individuals out of 214 household members tested. Overall sensitivity and specificity of Platelia NS1 Ag kit were 57.5% and 100% respectively. NS1 Ag assay combined with IgM antibody capture ELISA significantly increased the sensitivity for dengue diagnosis. NS1 Ag positivity rate was found significantly higher in DF than in DHF/DSS, in primary than in secondary infections, in patients with a high viremia (>5 log/mL) and in patients infected with DENV-1. In asymptomatic individuals, the NS1 Ag capture sensitivity tends to be lower than that in symptomatic patients. Milder disease severity was observed independently in patients with RNA copy number >5 log10 cDNA equivalents/mL or in high level of NS1 antigen ratio or in DENV-1 infection. Conclusions Overall sensitivity of NS1 Ag detection kit varied widely across the various forms of dengue infection or disease. Sensitivity was highest in patients sampled during the first 3 days after onset of fever, in patients with primary infection, DENV-1 infection, with high level of viremia and in DF rather than DHF/DSS. In asymptomatic patients, RT-PCR assay has proved to be more sensitive than NS1 antigen detection. The NS1 antigen level correlated significantly with viremia and a low NS1 antigen ratio was associated with more severe disease. Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in tropical regions. The clinical manifestation may vary from asymptomatic to potentially fatal dengue shock syndrome. Early laboratory confirmation of dengue diagnosis is essential since many symptoms are not specific. Dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) may be used in simple antigen-capture ELISA for early detection of dengue virus infection. Our result demonstrated that the Platelia NS1 antigen detection kit had a quite low overall sensitivity. However, sensitivity rises significantly when used in combination with MAC-ELISA. When taking into account the various forms of dengue infection, the NS1 antigen detection was found relatively high in patients sampled during the first 3 days of fever onset, in patients with primary infection, DENV-1 infection, with high level of viremia and in mild form of dengue fever. In asymptomatically infected individuals, RT-PCR assay has proved to be more sensitive than NS1 antigen detection. Moreover, the NS1 antigen level correlated significantly with high viremia and low level of NS1 antigen was associated with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Patrich Lorn Try
- Paediatric Department, Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Anne Tuiskunen
- Swedish Center for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sivuth Ong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Norith Chroeung
- Paediatric Department, Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Ake Lundkvist
- Swedish Center for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Deubel
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- * E-mail:
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Akuta N. [Core amino acid substitutions of hepatitis C virus]. Nihon Rinsho 2011; 69 Suppl 4:239-247. [PMID: 22096926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Akuta
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital
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Liao WH, Tung SY, Shen CH, Lee KF, Wu CS. Tissue expression of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein does not correlate with histological or clinical features in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Chang Gung Med J 2011; 34:260-267. [PMID: 21733355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic hepatitis B, the HBcAg viral protein in liver tissue demonstrates a positive correlation with serum aminotransferase levels, serum hepatitis B viral DNA, and histological activities. Little is known if similar relationships exist for chronic hepatitis C. This study attempted to determine if expression of the hepatocyte NS3 protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV-NS3) was correlated with the serum HCV-RNA load, hepatitis activity, or other clinical parameters. METHODS Clinical and histological data of 214 patients with chronic hepatitis C were retrospectively reviewed. A mouse monoclonal antibody was used to detect HCV-NS3 in hepatocytes. The staining intensity was scored semiquantitatively as 0~3+, and its correlations with the serum HCV-RNA load, hepatitis activity, and other clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 202 (94%) of the 214 liver biopsies were positive for HCV-NS3, and the intensity of HCV-NS3 staining was 0 in 12 (6%), 1+ in 181 (84%), and 2+ in 21 patients (10%). The intensity of HCV-NS3 expression in the samples did not correlate with patient age (p = 0.302, ANOVA), patient gender (p = 0.130, Fisher's exact test), the alanine transaminase level (p = 0.177, ANOVA), serum HCV-RNA level (p = 0.305, ANOVA), HCV antibody titer (p = 0.139, Chi-squared test), hepatitis activity index score (p = 0.861, Chisquared test), or sustained viral response rate (p = 0.861, Chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS This HCV-NS3 immunohistochemical staining method was reliable for detecting HCV in liver specimens. Hepatocyte expression of HCV-NS3 was not correlated with the serum viral load, severity of hepatic injury, or treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Liao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lim HS, Bragg JN, Ganesan U, Ruzin S, Schichnes D, Lee MY, Vaira AM, Ryu KH, Hammond J, Jackson AO. Subcellular localization of the barley stripe mosaic virus triple gene block proteins. J Virol 2009; 83:9432-48. [PMID: 19570874 PMCID: PMC2738231 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00739-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) spreads from cell to cell through the coordinated actions of three triple gene block (TGB) proteins (TGB1, TGB2, and TGB3) arranged in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Our previous studies (D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 75:8712-8723, 2001; D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, Mol. Plant Pathol. 2:65-75, 2001) have shown that each of these proteins is required for cell-to-cell movement in monocot and dicot hosts. We recently found (H.-S. Lim, J. N. Bragg, U. Ganesan, D. M. Lawrence, J. Yu, M. Isogai, J. Hammond, and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 82:4991-5006, 2008) that TGB1 engages in homologous interactions leading to the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing viral genomic and messenger RNAs, and we have also demonstrated that TGB3 functions in heterologous interactions with TGB1 and TGB2. We have now used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated protein expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and site-specific mutagenesis to determine how TGB protein interactions influence their subcellular localization and virus spread. Confocal microscopy revealed that the TGB3 protein localizes at the cell wall (CW) in close association with plasmodesmata and that the deletion or mutagenesis of a single amino acid at the immediate C terminus can affect CW targeting. TGB3 also directed the localization of TGB2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the CW, and this targeting was shown to be dependent on interactions between the TGB2 and TGB3 proteins. The optimal localization of the TGB1 protein at the CW also required TGB2 and TGB3 interactions, but in this context, site-specific TGB1 helicase motif mutants varied in their localization patterns. The results suggest that the ability of TGB1 to engage in homologous binding interactions is not essential for targeting to the CW. However, the relative expression levels of TGB2 and TGB3 influenced the cytosolic and CW distributions of TGB1 and TGB2. Moreover, in both cases, localization at the CW was optimal at the 10:1 TGB2-to-TGB3 ratios occurring in virus infections, and mutations reducing CW localization had corresponding effects on BSMV movement phenotypes. These data support a model whereby TGB protein interactions function in the subcellular targeting of movement protein complexes and the ability of BSMV to move from cell to cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Jennifer N. Bragg
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Uma Ganesan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Steven Ruzin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Denise Schichnes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Ryu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - John Hammond
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
| | - Andrew O. Jackson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, FNPRU, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Torino 10135, Italy, Plant Virus GenBank, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
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Gadlage MJ, Graham RL, Denison MR. Murine coronaviruses encoding nsp2 at different genomic loci have altered replication, protein expression, and localization. J Virol 2008; 82:11964-9. [PMID: 18815297 PMCID: PMC2583644 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01126-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial or complete deletion of several coronavirus nonstructural proteins (nsps), including open reading frame 1a (ORF1a)-encoded nsp2, results in viable mutant proteins with specific replication defects. It is not known whether expression of nsps from alternate locations in the genome can complement replication defects. In this report, we show that the murine hepatitis virus nsp2 sequence was tolerated in ORF1b with an in-frame insertion between nsp13 and nsp14 and in place of ORF4. Alternate encoding or duplication of the nsp2 gene sequence resulted in differences in nsp2 expression, processing, and localization, was neutral or detrimental to replication, and did not complement an ORF1a Deltansp2 replication defect. The results suggest that wild-type genomic organization and expression of nsps are required for optimal replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Gadlage
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Fontana J, López-Montero N, Elliott RM, Fernández JJ, Risco C. The unique architecture of Bunyamwera virus factories around the Golgi complex. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:2012-28. [PMID: 18547336 PMCID: PMC7162186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral factories are novel structures built by viruses in infected cells. During their construction organelles are recruited and build a large scaffold for viral replication and morphogenesis. We have studied how a bunyavirus uses the Golgi to build the factory. With the help of confocal and 3D ultrastructural imaging together with molecular mapping in situ and in vitro we have characterized a tubular structure that harbours the viral replication complexes in a globular domain. Numerous ribonucleoproteins were released from purified tubes disrupted in vitro. Actin and myosin I were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting in isolated tubes while actin and the viral NSm non-structural protein were detected in the tubes' internal proteinaceous scaffold by immunogold labelling. Studies with NSm deletion mutants and drugs affecting actin showed that both NSm and actin are key factors for tube and virus assembly in Golgi. Three-dimensional reconstructions based on oriented serial sections of infected cells showed that tubes anchor cell organelles to Golgi stacks and make contacts with intracellular viruses. We propose that this new structure, unique among enveloped viruses, assembles in association with the most stable component of Golgi stacks, the actin-containing matrix scaffold, connecting viral replication and morphogenesis inside viral factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fontana
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wang W, Cui ZQ, Han H, Zhang ZP, Wei HP, Zhou YF, Chen Z, Zhang XE. Imaging and characterizing influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:4913-28. [PMID: 18653528 PMCID: PMC2528172 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of influenza A virus mRNA intracellular transport are still not clearly understood. Here, we visualized the distribution and transport of influenza A virus mRNA in living cells using molecular beacon (MB) technology. Confocal-FRAP measurements determined that the transport of influenza A virus intronless mRNA, in both nucleus and cytoplasm, was energy dependent, being similar to that of Poly(A)(+) RNA. Drug inhibition studies in living cells revealed that the export of influenza A virus mRNA is independent of the CRM1 pathway, while the function of RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) may be needed. In addition, viral NS1 protein and cellular TAP protein were found associated with influenza A virus mRNA in the cell nucleus. These findings characterize influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells and suggest that influenza A virus mRNA may be exported from the nucleus by the cellular TAP/p15 pathway with NS1 protein and RNAP-II participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zong-Qiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Abstract
Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) causes a febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis, primarily in humans that are immunocompromised or elderly. For successful treatment of WNV infection, accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. Previous studies have suggested that the flavivirus non-structural protein NS1, a highly conserved and secreted glycoprotein, is a candidate protein for rapid diagnosis. Herein, we developed a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect WNV NS1 using two anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that map to distinct sites on the protein. The capture ELISA efficiently detected as little as 0.5 ng/ml of soluble NS1 and exhibited no cross-reactivity for yellow fever, Dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis virus NS1. The capture ELISA reliably detected NS1 in plasma at day 3 after WNV infection, prior to the development of clinical signs of disease. As the time course of infection continued, the levels of detectable NS1 diminished, presumably because of interference by newly generated anti-NS1 antibodies. Indeed, treatment of plasma with a solution that dissociated NS1 immune complexes extended the window of detection. Overall, the NS1-based capture ELISA is a sensitive readout of infection and could be an important tool for diagnosis or screening small molecule inhibitors of WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Chung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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39
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Akoua-Koffi C, Akran V, Peenze I, Adjogoua V, de Beer MC, Steele AD, Dosso M, Ehouman A. [Epidemiological and virological aspects Rotavirus diarrhoea in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1997-2000)]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2007; 100:246-249. [PMID: 17982852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, mainly rotaviruses are aetiological agents in more than 80% of the cases of acute diarrhoea in children. In order to determine the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of human rotaviruses involved in gastroenteritis in diarrheic children aged from 0 to 5 years old in Abidjan, 642 specimens of stools were collected between 1997 and 2000 in the urban health centres and University Teaching Hospitals in Abidjan. The antigenic detection of rotaviruses carried out by ELISA test was followed by the antigenic (VP6 sub-groups) and molecular characterization: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and genetic typing. The general prevalence of Rotavirus diarrhoea was 27.9%. Among the children who were found positive, those whose age ranged from 0 to 11 months old accounted for 45.8% against 41.3% and 12.9% for those whose age ranged from 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 years old respectively proving thus the precocity of rotavirus infection. From an electrophoretypical and antigenic point of view 74.5% of 141 extracts of RNA had a "long" profile and belonged to the VP6 II sub-group against 24.8% of "short" profile belonging to sub-group I. The electrophoretypes with short profile were identified in majority in infants whose age ranged from 0 to 2 years old. Out of the P genotypes identified, the P [8] genotype (59.6%) was predominant followed by the P [6] genotype (26.2%), P [4] (2.8%) and one mosaic genotype P[6,8] which represented 11.4%. These results will need to be completed by the determination of VP7 genotypes in order to provide interesting information on rotaviruses before the introduction of anti-Rotavirus vaccines in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Akoua-Koffi
- Département des virus ẃpidémiques, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Oostra M, te Lintelo EG, Deijs M, Verheije MH, Rottier PJM, de Haan CAM. Localization and membrane topology of coronavirus nonstructural protein 4: involvement of the early secretory pathway in replication. J Virol 2007; 81:12323-36. [PMID: 17855519 PMCID: PMC2168994 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01506-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus nonstructural proteins (nsp's) derived from the replicase polyproteins collectively constitute the viral replication complexes, which are anchored to double-membrane vesicles. Little is known about the biogenesis of these complexes, the membrane anchoring of which is probably mediated by nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6, as they contain several putative transmembrane domains. As a first step to getting more insight into the formation of the coronavirus replication complex, the membrane topology, processing, and subcellular localization of nsp4 of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were elucidated in this study. Both nsp4 proteins became N glycosylated, while their amino and carboxy termini were localized to the cytoplasm. These observations imply nsp4 to assemble in the membrane as a tetraspanning transmembrane protein with a Nendo/Cendo topology. The amino terminus of SARS-CoV nsp4, but not that of MHV nsp4, was shown to be (partially) processed by signal peptidase. nsp4 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed alone but was recruited to the replication complexes in infected cells. nsp4 present in these complexes did not colocalize with markers of the ER or Golgi apparatus, while the susceptibility of its sugars to endoglycosidase H indicated that the protein had also not traveled trough the latter compartment. The important role of the early secretory pathway in formation of the replication complexes was also demonstrated by the inhibition of coronaviral replication when the ER export machinery was blocked by use of the kinase inhibitor H89 or by expression of a mutant, Sar1[H79G].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oostra
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Many RNA viruses, which replicate predominantly in the cytoplasm, have nuclear components that contribute to their life cycle or pathogenesis. We investigated the intracellular localization of the multifunctional nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) in mammalian cells infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), an important, naturally emerging zoonotic alphavirus. VEE nsP2 localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of mammalian cells in the context of infection and also when expressed alone. Through the analysis of a series of enhanced green fluorescent protein fusions, a segment of nsP2 that completely localizes to the nucleus of mammalian cells was identified. Within this region, mutation of the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) PGKMV diminished, but did not obliterate, the ability of the protein to localize to the nucleus, suggesting that this sequence contributes to the nuclear localization of VEE nsP2. Furthermore, VEE nsP2 specifically interacted with the nuclear import protein karyopherin-alpha1 but not with karyopherin-alpha2, -3, or -4, suggesting that karyopherin-alpha1 transports nsP2 to the nucleus during infection. Additionally, a novel nuclear export signal (NES) was identified, which included residues L526 and L528 of VEE nsP2. Leptomycin B treatment resulted in nuclear accumulation of nsP2, demonstrating that nuclear export of nsP2 is mediated via the CRM1 nuclear export pathway. Disruption of either the NLS or the NES in nsP2 compromised essential viral functions. Taken together, these results establish the bidirectional transport of nsP2 across the nuclear membrane, suggesting that a critical function of nsP2 during infection involves its shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, CB 7292, Burnett-Womack Room 9005, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Hema M, Nagendrakumar SB, Yamini R, Chandran D, Rajendra L, Thiagarajan D, Parida S, Paton DJ, Srinivasan VA. Chimeric tymovirus-like particles displaying foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein epitopes and its use for detection of FMDV-NSP antibodies. Vaccine 2007; 25:4784-94. [PMID: 17499404 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Expression of Physalis mottle tymovirus (PhMV) coat protein (CP) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was earlier shown to self-assemble into empty capsids that are nearly identical to the capsids formed in vivo. Aminoacid substitutions were made at the N-terminus of wild-type PhMV CP with single or tandem repeats of infection related B-cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) non-structural proteins (NSPs) 3B1, 3B2, 3AB, 3D and 3ABD of lengths 48, 66, 49, 51 and 55, respectively to produce chimeras pR-Ph-3B1, pR-Ph-3B2, pR-Ph- 3AB, pR-Ph-3D and pR-Ph-3ABD. Expression of these constructs in E. coli resulted in chimeric proteins which self-assembled into chimeric tymovirus-like particles (TVLPs), Ph-3B1, Ph-3B2, Ph-3AB, Ph-3D and Ph-3ABD as determined by ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. Ph-3B1, Ph-3B2, Ph-3AB and Ph-3ABD reacted with polyclonal anti-3AB antibodies in ELISA and electroblot immunoassay, while wild-type PhMV TVLP and Ph-3D antigens did not react. An indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) was developed using Ph-3AB to detect FMDV-NSP antibodies in sera of animals that showed clinical signs of FMD. Field serum samples from cattle, buffalos, sheep, goats and pigs were examined by using these chimeric TVLPs for the differentiation of FMDV infected animals from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The assay was demonstrated to be highly specific (100%) and reproducible with sensitivity levels (94%) comparable to the Ceditest kit (P>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masarapu Hema
- Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Moulin HR, Seuberlich T, Bauhofer O, Bennett LC, Tratschin JD, Hofmann MA, Ruggli N. Nonstructural proteins NS2-3 and NS4A of classical swine fever virus: essential features for infectious particle formation. Virology 2007; 365:376-89. [PMID: 17482232 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein NS2-3 of pestiviruses undergoes tightly regulated processing. For bovine viral diarrhea virus it was shown that uncleaved NS2-3 is required for infectious particle formation while cleaved NS3 is essential for genome replication. To further investigate the functions of NS2-3 and NS4A in the pestivirus life cycle, we established T7 RNA polymerase-dependent trans-complementation for p7-NS2-3-4A of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Expression of NS2-3 and NS4A in trans restored the production of infectious particles from genomes lacking NS2-3 expression. Co-expression of cleaved NS4A was essential. None of the enzymatic activities harbored by NS2-3 were required for infectious particle formation. Importantly, expression of uncleavable NS2-3 together with NS4A rescued infectious particles from a genome lacking NS2, demonstrating that cleaved NS2 per se has no additional essential function. These data indicate that NS2-3 and NS3, each in association with NS4A, have independent functions in the CSFV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé R Moulin
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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Krogerus C, Samuilova O, Pöyry T, Jokitalo E, Hyypiä T. Intracellular localization and effects of individually expressed human parechovirus 1 non-structural proteins. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:831-841. [PMID: 17325355 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parechovirus 1 (HPEV-1) has many unique features compared with other picornaviruses and it has been shown that the replication complex formed during HPEV-1 infection is different from that of other picornaviruses. Here, the intracellular localization and functional effects of individually expressed HPEV-1 non-structural proteins were studied. The 2A and 3D proteins were found diffusely in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. The 3A and 3AB proteins were observed to co-localize with the markers for the Golgi apparatus, whereas 2B co-localized with markers for the endoplasmic reticulum and the 2C and 2BC proteins were observed mainly on the surface of lipid droplets. The 2C protein, which has been implicated in replication-complex formation in enterovirus-infected cells, was not able to induce vesicles similar to those seen in HPEV-1-infected cells when expressed individually. However, in superinfected cells, the fusion protein was able to relocate to the virus replication complexes. Similar to other picornaviruses, HPEV-1 was found to interfere with cellular secretion, but this function could not be ascribed to any of the individually expressed non-structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Krogerus
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Samuilova
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Pöyry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, EM-Unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hyypiä
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
- Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Goto H. [Factors for acquisition of virulence by influenza A viruses]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 3:465-9. [PMID: 17491419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Goto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
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Abstract
Molecularly imprinted film was fabricated in the presence of a pentadecapeptide onto a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chip. This 15-mer peptide has been known as the linear epitope of the dengue virus NS1 protein. Imprinting resulted in an increased polymer affinity toward the corresponding templates but also to the virus protein. Direct detection of the dengue virus protein was achieved quantitatively. The QCM chip response to the NS1 protein was obtained using epitope-mediated imprinting demonstrating a comparable frequency shift in chips immobilized with monoclonal antibodies. The binding effect was further enhanced and confirmed using a monoclonal antibody to form a sandwich with the MIP-NS1 protein complex on the chip. No pretreatment was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar-Fu Tai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Wang HC, Wang HC, Kou GH, Lo CF, Huang WP. Identification of icp11, the most highly expressed gene of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Dis Aquat Organ 2007; 74:179-89. [PMID: 17465303 DOI: 10.3354/dao074179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) gene expression levels in the cells of 2 hosts (Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei). Microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the mRNA profiles in WSSV-infected P. monodon cells were used to identify WSSV genes that were very highly expressed. Results showed that the mRNA of the WSSV icp11 gene consistently had the highest copy number of all (3x higher than the major envelope protein, VP28). At the protein level in WSSV-infected L. vannamei, 2-dimensional gel analysis and liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-nanoESI-MS/MS) protein identification also showed that this WSSV non-structural protein has the highest expression levels reported to date. ICP11 is capable of self-multimerization, and it becomes located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the host cell. These data suggest that ICP11 plays an important, but presently unknown, role during viral infection, and that expression of the WSSV icp11 gene/WSSV ICP11 protein is potentially a good and diagnostically useful indicator of WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Solov'eva TS. [Significance of histological signs of chronic HBV and HCV infections in the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis]. Arkh Patol 2007; 69:17-9. [PMID: 17642185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
100 inpatients with chronic hepatitis, mainly with mild hepatitis, underwent serological, histological, and immunohistochemical studies for markers of HBV and HCV infections. The histological features of HBV and HCV infections coincided with serological and immunohistochemical findings. The histological and immunohistochemical features of HBV- and HBV+HCV infection were found in 48.3% patients with chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology. Immunohistochemical studies considerably increased the efficiency of establishing HBV+HCV infection as compared with serological diagnosis. Multivariate statistic methods were used to construct a model of the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B and C based on the most important histological features, the predictive value was 87.7%.
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Ruggli N, Summerfield A. Establishment of an in vitro system for the prediction of the degree of virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates. ALTEX 2007; 24 Spec No:98-99. [PMID: 19835079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Mittelhaeusern, Switzerland.
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MacParland SA, Pham TNQ, Gujar SA, Michalak TI. De novo infection and propagation of wild-type Hepatitis C virus in human T lymphocytes in vitro. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3577-3586. [PMID: 17098973 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While exploring previous findings that ex vivo treatment of lymphoid cells from Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals with T cell-stimulating mitogens augments detection of the residing virus, an in vitro HCV replication system was established, in which mitogen-induced T cell-enriched cultures served as HCV targets and the derived T cells multiplied virus during repeated serial passage. HCV replication was ascertained by detecting HCV RNA positive and negative strands, HCV NS5a and E2 proteins, release of HCV virions and nucleocapsids (confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy) and de novo infection of mitogen-induced T cells prepared from healthy donors. Further, affinity-purified normal human T lymphocytes were also susceptible to HCV infection in vitro and HCV replication was detected in pure T cells isolated from a patient with chronic hepatitis C. These results document that T cells can support propagation of HCV both in vivo and in vitro. The infection system established offers a valuable tool for in vitro studies on the entire cycle of HCV replication, virus cytopathogenicity and evaluation of antiviral agents against wild-type HCV in the natural host-cell milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya A MacParland
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tram N Q Pham
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tomasz I Michalak
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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