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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, McKenzie C, Eckle SBG, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. The murine CD94/NKG2 ligand, Qa-1 b, is a high-affinity, functional ligand for the CD8αα homodimer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3239-3246. [PMID: 31992596 PMCID: PMC7062157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune co-receptor CD8 molecule (CD8) has two subunits, CD8α and CD8β, which can assemble into homo or heterodimers. Nonclassical (class-Ib) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (MHC-Ibs) have recently been identified as ligands for the CD8αα homodimer. This was demonstrated by the observation that histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 10 (H2-Q10) is a high-affinity ligand for CD8αα which also binds the MHC-Ib molecule H2-TL. This suggests that MHC-Ib proteins may be an extended source of CD8αα ligands. Expression of H2-T3/TL and H2-Q10 is restricted to the small intestine and liver, respectively, yet CD8αα-containing lymphocytes are present more broadly. Therefore, here we sought to determine whether murine CD8αα binds only to tissue-specific MHC-Ib molecules or also to ubiquitously expressed MHC-Ib molecules. Using recombinant proteins and surface plasmon resonance-based binding assays, we show that the MHC-Ib family furnishes multiple binding partners for murine CD8αα, including H2-T22 and the CD94/NKG2-A/B-activating NK receptor (NKG2) ligand Qa-1b We also demonstrate a hierarchy among MHC-Ib proteins with respect to CD8αα binding, in which Qa-1b > H2-Q10 > TL. Finally, we provide evidence that Qa-1b is a functional ligand for CD8αα, distinguishing it from its human homologue MHC class I antigen E (HLA-E). These findings provide additional clues as to how CD8αα-expressing cells are controlled in different tissues. They also highlight an unexpected immunological divergence of Qa-1b/HLA-E function, indicating the need for more robust studies of murine MHC-Ib proteins as models for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Jennifer Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Sidonia Barbara Guiomar Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lucy Catherine Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel Mark Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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202
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Arabnejad H, Bombino E, Colpa DI, Jekel PA, Trajkovic M, Wijma HJ, Janssen DB. Computational Design of Enantiocomplementary Epoxide Hydrolases for Asymmetric Synthesis of Aliphatic and Aromatic Diols. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1893-1904. [PMID: 31961471 PMCID: PMC7383614 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in preparative biocatalysis often requires tailoring enzyme selectivity by protein engineering. Herein we explore the use of computational library design and molecular dynamics simulations to create variants of limonene epoxide hydrolase that produce enantiomeric diols from meso‐epoxides. Three substrates of different sizes were targeted: cis‐2,3‐butene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, and cis‐stilbene oxide. Most of the 28 designs tested were active and showed the predicted enantioselectivity. Excellent enantioselectivities were obtained for the bulky substrate cis‐stilbene oxide, and enantiocomplementary mutants produced (S,S)‐ and (R,R)‐stilbene diol with >97 % enantiomeric excess. An (R,R)‐selective mutant was used to prepare (R,R)‐stilbene diol with high enantiopurity (98 % conversion into diol, >99 % ee). Some variants displayed higher catalytic rates (kcat) than the original enzyme, but in most cases KM values increased as well. The results demonstrate the feasibility of computational design and screening to engineer enantioselective epoxide hydrolase variants with very limited laboratory screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Arabnejad
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Elvira Bombino
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dana I. Colpa
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Jekel
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hein J. Wijma
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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203
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Barolo L, Abbriano RM, Commault AS, George J, Kahlke T, Fabris M, Padula MP, Lopez A, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Perspectives for Glyco-Engineering of Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals from Microalgae. Cells 2020; 9:E633. [PMID: 32151094 PMCID: PMC7140410 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae exhibit great potential for recombinant therapeutic protein production, due to lower production costs, immunity to human pathogens, and advanced genetic toolkits. However, a fundamental aspect to consider for recombinant biopharmaceutical production is the presence of correct post-translational modifications. Multiple recent studies focusing on glycosylation in microalgae have revealed unique species-specific patterns absent in humans. Glycosylation is particularly important for protein function and is directly responsible for recombinant biopharmaceutical immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to fully characterise this key feature in microalgae before these organisms can be established as industrially relevant microbial biofactories. Here, we review the work done to date on production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals in microalgae, experimental and computational evidence for N- and O-glycosylation in diverse microalgal groups, established approaches for glyco-engineering, and perspectives for their application in microalgal systems. The insights from this review may be applied to future glyco-engineering attempts to humanize recombinant therapeutic proteins and to potentially obtain cheaper, fully functional biopharmaceuticals from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barolo
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Jestin George
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia;
| | - Angelo Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
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204
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Kim DG, Cho S, Lee KY, Cheon SH, Yoon HJ, Lee JY, Kim D, Shin KS, Koh CH, Koo JS, Choi Y, Lee HH, Oh YK, Jeong YS, Chung SJ, Baek M, Jung KY, Lim HJ, Kim HS, Park SJ, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Lee BJ. Crystal structures of human NSDHL and development of its novel inhibitor with the potential to suppress EGFR activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:207-225. [PMID: 32140747 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL), an essential enzyme in human cholesterol synthesis and a regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking pathways, has attracted interest as a therapeutic target due to its crucial relevance to cholesterol-related diseases and carcinomas. However, the development of pharmacological agents for targeting NSDHL has been hindered by the absence of the atomic details of NSDHL. In this study, we reported two X-ray crystal structures of human NSDHL, which revealed a detailed description of the coenzyme-binding site and the unique conformational change upon the binding of a coenzyme. A structure-based virtual screening and biochemical evaluation were performed and identified a novel inhibitor for NSDHL harboring suppressive activity towards EGFR. In EGFR-driven human cancer cells, treatment with the potent NSDHL inhibitor enhanced the antitumor effect of an EGFR kinase inhibitor. Overall, these findings could serve as good platforms for the development of therapeutic agents against NSDHL-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Cheon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Koo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seong Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyu Baek
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Sook Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jae Lee
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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205
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Zhang Q, Zhu J, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhu S, Chen S, Zhang L, Jiang P. [Expression of HPV16 E6 recombinant protein and preparation of its rabbit polyclonal antibody]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:264-270. [PMID: 32389175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To express E6 protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 in prokaryotic expression system and prepare its polyclonal antibody. Methods HPV16 E6 gene was obtained from Siha cells by PCR and cloned into pET21a(+) vector to construct the recombinant plasmid pET21a(+)/HPV16 E6 that was confirmed by sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pET21a(+)/HPV16 E6 was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The HPV16 E6-His tag recombinant protein was expressed after the induction of isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and then analyzed by Western blot analysis. The purified HPV16 E6 recombinant protein was used to immunize Japanese white rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The titer of the serum polyclonal antibody was determined by ELISA. The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results The recombinant plasmid pET21a(+)/HPV16 E6 was successfully constructed and confirmed by sequencing. After the recombinant plasmid pET21a(+)/HPV16 E6 was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), the recombinant HPV16 E6 protein was expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. The polyclonal antibody at a titer of 1:40 000 was obtained by immunizing Japanese big-ear white rabbit with the purified recombinant HPV16 E6 protein, and its specificity was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Conclusion HPV16 E6 recombinant protein was successfully expressed and the rabbit polyclonal antibody against HPV16 E6 recombinant protein was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinshun Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lude Wang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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206
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van Eerde A, Várnai A, Jameson JK, Paruch L, Moen A, Anonsen JH, Chylenski P, Steen HS, Heldal I, Bock R, Eijsink VGH, Liu‐Clarke J. In-depth characterization of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A produced in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals limitations of cellulase production in plants by host-specific post-translational modifications. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:631-643. [PMID: 31373133 PMCID: PMC7004914 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of biofuels from lignocellulose feedstocks depends on cheap enzymes for degradation of such biomass. Plants offer a safe and cost-effective production platform for biopharmaceuticals, vaccines and industrial enzymes boosting biomass conversion to biofuels. Production of intact and functional protein is a prerequisite for large-scale protein production, and extensive host-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) often affect the catalytic properties and stability of recombinant enzymes. Here we investigated the impact of plant PTMs on enzyme performance and stability of the major cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei, an industrially relevant enzyme. TrCel7A was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana using a vacuum-based transient expression technology, and this recombinant enzyme (TrCel7Arec ) was compared with the native fungal enzyme (TrCel7Anat ) in terms of PTMs and catalytic activity on commercial and industrial substrates. We show that the N-terminal glutamate of TrCel7Arec was correctly processed by N. benthamiana to a pyroglutamate, critical for protein structure, while the linker region of TrCel7Arec was vulnerable to proteolytic digestion during protein production due to the absence of O-mannosylation in the plant host as compared with the native protein. In general, the purified full-length TrCel7Arec had 25% lower catalytic activity than TrCel7Anat and impaired substrate-binding properties, which can be attributed to larger N-glycans and lack of O-glycans in TrCel7Arec . All in all, our study reveals that the glycosylation machinery of N. benthamiana needs tailoring to optimize the production of efficient cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - John Kristian Jameson
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Lisa Paruch
- NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Anders Moen
- Department of BiosciencesFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo (UiO)OsloNorway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of BiosciencesFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo (UiO)OsloNorway
| | - Piotr Chylenski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | | | - Inger Heldal
- NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
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207
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Wiseman DN, Otchere A, Patel JH, Uddin R, Pollock NL, Routledge SJ, Rothnie AJ, Slack C, Poyner DR, Bill RM, Goddard AD. Expression and purification of recombinant G protein-coupled receptors: A review. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 167:105524. [PMID: 31678667 PMCID: PMC6983937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given their extensive role in cell signalling, GPCRs are significant drug targets; despite this, many of these receptors have limited or no available prophylaxis. Novel drug design and discovery significantly rely on structure determination, of which GPCRs are typically elusive. Progress has been made thus far to produce sufficient quantity and quality of protein for downstream analysis. As such, this review highlights the systems available for recombinant GPCR expression, with consideration of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of receptors successfully expressed in these systems. Additionally, an overview is given on the use of detergents and the styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer for membrane solubilisation, as well as purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wiseman
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Abigail Otchere
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Jaimin H Patel
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Romez Uddin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | | | - Sarah J Routledge
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Cathy Slack
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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208
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a biological process finely tuned by a plethora of pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, among which vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Their biological activity is expressed through the interaction with three cognate receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR1, 2, and 3. VEGFR2 is the primary regulator of angiogenesis. Ligand-induced VEGFR2 dimerization and activation depend on direct ligand binding to extracellular domains 2 and 3 of receptor and in the establishment of interactions between proximal membrane domains. VEGFR2 domain 7 has been shown to play a crucial role in receptor dimerization and regulation, therefore, representing a convenient target for the allosteric modulation of VEGFR2 activity. The ability to prepare a functional VEGFR2D7 domain represents the starting point to the development of novel VEGFR2 binders acting as allosteric inhibitors of receptor activity. Here, we describe a robust and efficient procedure for the preparation in E. coli of the VEGFR2 domain 7. The protein was obtained with a good yield and was properly folded. It was investigated in a biochemical and structural study, providing information on its conformational arrangement and in solution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Stasi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43 - 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luca D D'Andrea
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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209
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Ortiz-Torres MI, Fernández-Niño M, Cruz JC, Capasso A, Matteocci F, Patiño EJ, Hernández Y, González Barrios AF. Rational Design of Photo-Electrochemical Hybrid Devices Based on Graphene and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Light-Harvesting Proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3376. [PMID: 32099058 PMCID: PMC7042359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been highlighted as the promising alternative to generate clean energy based on low pay-back time materials. These devices have been designed to mimic solar energy conversion processes from photosynthetic organisms (the most efficient energy transduction phenomenon observed in nature) with the aid of low-cost materials. Recently, light-harvesting complexes (LHC) have been proposed as potential dyes in DSSCs based on their higher light-absorption efficiencies as compared to synthetic dyes. In this work, photo-electrochemical hybrid devices were rationally designed by adding for the first time Leu and Lys tags to heterologously expressed light-harvesting proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, thus allowing their proper orientation and immobilization on graphene electrodes. The light-harvesting complex 4 from C. reinhardtii (LHC4) was initially expressed in Escherichia coli, purified via affinity chromatography and subsequently immobilized on plasma-treated thin-film graphene electrodes. A photocurrent density of 40.30 ± 9.26 μA/cm2 was measured on devices using liquid electrolytes supplemented with a phosphonated viologen to facilitate charge transfer. Our results suggest that a new family of graphene-based thin-film photovoltaic devices can be manufactured from rationally tagged LHC proteins and opens the possibility to further explore fundamental processes of energy transfer for biological components interfaced with synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Ortiz-Torres
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Miguel Fernández-Niño
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- GINIB Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrea Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Edgar J Patiño
- Superconductivity and Nanodevices Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Yenny Hernández
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Physics Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
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Pereira WES, da Silva RR, de Amo GS, Ruller R, Kishi LT, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R. A Collagenolytic Aspartic Protease from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae Expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1258-1270. [PMID: 32086706 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are produced by the most diverse microorganisms and have a wide spectrum of applications. However, the use of wild microorganisms, mainly fungi, for enzyme production has some drawbacks. They are subject to physiological instability due to metabolic adaptations, causing complications and impairments in the production process. Thus, the objective of this work was to promote the heterologous expression of a collagenolytic aspartic protease (ProTiN31) from Thermomucor indicae seudaticae in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The pET_28a (+) and pPICZαA vectors were synthesized containing the gene of the enzyme and transformed into E. coli and P. pastoris, respectively. The recombinant enzymes produced by E. coli and P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and pH 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme produced by P. pastoris showed better thermostability when compared to that produced by E. coli. Both enzymes were stable at pH 6.0 and 6.5 for 24 h at 4 °C, and sensitive to pepstatin A, β-mercaptoethanol, and Hg2+. Comparing the commercial collagen hydrolysate (Artrogen duo/Brazil) and gelatin degradation using protease from P. pastoris, they showed similar peptide profiles. There are its potential applications in a wide array of industrial sectors that use collagenolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldir Eduardo Simioni Pereira
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Salvador de Amo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo campus Catanduva, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Boscolo
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
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211
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Lyu SJ, Yuan XM, Zhang HQ, Shi WD, Hang XY, Liu L, Wu YL. Isolation and characterization of a novel strain (YH01) of Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus and expression of its glycoprotein by the baculovirus expression system. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:728-739. [PMID: 31379143 PMCID: PMC6700348 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important aquatic fish, Micropterus salmoides suffers lethal and epidemic disease caused by rhabdovirus at the juvenile stage. In this study, a new strain of M. salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) was isolated from Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, China, and named MSRV-YH01. The virus infected the grass carp ovary (GCO) cell line and displayed virion particles with atypical bullet shape, 300-500 nm in length and 100-200 nm in diameter under transmission electron microscopy. The complete genome sequence of this isolate was determined to include 11 526 nucleotides and to encode five classical structural proteins. The construction of the phylogenetic tree indicated that this new isolate is clustered into the Vesiculovirus genus and most closely related to the Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus. To explore the potential for a vaccine against MSRV, a glycoprotein (1-458 amino acid residues) of MSRV-YH01 was successfully amplified and cloned into the plasmid pFastBac1. The high-purity recombinant bacmid-glycoprotein was obtained from DH10Bac through screening and identification. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence assay, recombinant virus, including the MSRV-YH01 glycoprotein gene, was produced by transfection of SF9 cells using the pFastBac1-gE2, and then repeatedly amplified to express the glycoprotein protein. We anticipate that this recombinant bacmid system could be used to challenge the silkworm and develop a corresponding oral vaccine for fish.
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212
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Abstract
Burkholderia bacteria are an emerging source of natural products with applications in agriculture and medicine. The heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters can streamline natural product discovery; however, production yields with the commonly used Escherichia coli host are usually low. Following the current paradigm that one host does not fit all, we aim to develop a Burkholderia host to ultimately tap into the biosynthetic potential of Burkholderia genomes, which can contain up to 27 biosynthetic gene clusters per genome. Because a close phylogenetic relationship is expected to improve the odds of success due to compatible gene expression and precursor supply, we tested Burkholderia sp. FERM BP-3421, a nonpathogenic isolate previously used to produce natural products at industrial scales. We show here that FERM BP-3421 can produce the model lasso peptide capistruin in yields that are at least 65 times and up to 580 times higher than the previously used E. coli host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kunakom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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213
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Lin HJ, Xiao Joe JT, Lu WJ, Huang MY, Sun TH, Lin SP, Li YC, Tsui YC, Lu MW, Victor Lin HT. Secretory Production of Functional Grouper Type I Interferon from Epinephelus septemfasciatus in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1465. [PMID: 32098104 PMCID: PMC7073146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) results in high mortality rates of infected marine fish worldwide. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines in vertebrates that suppress viral replication and regulate immune responses. Heterologous overexpression of fish IFN in bacteria could be problematic because of protein solubility and loss of function due to protein misfolding. In this study, a protein model of the IFN-α of Epinephelus septemfasciatus was built based on comparative modeling. In addition, PelB and SacB signal peptides were fused to the N-terminus of E. septemfasciatus IFN-α for overexpression of soluble, secreted IFN in Escherichia coli (E-IFN) and Bacillus subtilis (B-IFN). Cytotoxicity tests indicated that neither recombinant grouper IFN-α were cytotoxic to a grouper head kidney cell line (GK). The GK cells stimulated with E-IFN and B-IFN exhibited elevated expression of antiviral Mx genes when compared with the control group. The NNV challenge experiments demonstrated that GK cells pretreated or co-treated with E-IFN and B-IFN individually had three times the cell survival rates of untreated cells, indicating the cytoprotective ability of our recombinant IFNs. These data provide a protocol for the production of soluble, secreted, and functional grouper IFN of high purity, which may be applied to aquaculture fisheries for antiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ju Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Joan Tang Xiao Joe
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Mei-Ying Huang
- Division of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 199, Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 20246, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Sheng-Pao Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Ya-Chin Tsui
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (W.-J.L.); (T.-H.S.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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214
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Pemberton PA. Expression and purification of recombinant human serpin B1 yields novel molecules with altered protease inhibitory activities: Functional implications. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 170:105595. [PMID: 32044416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serpin B1 regulates the innate immune system by inhibiting serine and cysteine proteases that control programmed cell death and proliferation pathways. To provide recombinant human proteins for in vitro and in vivo studies we expressed and purified wild-type human serpin B1 and a C344A variant in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Both proteins expressed well and inhibited elastase and chymotrypsin. However, purification of wild-type serpin B1 in the absence of a reducing agent resulted in the specific loss of elastase - but not chymotrypsin - inhibition, concomitant with the formation of two higher molecular weight forms of the protein - a modified monomer and a dimer created via an intermolecular disulfide bond formed between C344 in respective serpin B1 monomers. In contrast to fully reduced serpin B1, both modified forms were good elastase substrates and catalytically cleaved at multiple adjacent sites within the reactive site loop. In contrast, purification of the C344A variant in the absence of a reducing agent yielded only one form of the protein which retained elastase and chymotrypsin inhibitory properties when purified. Furthermore, the elastase inhibitory activity of wild-type serpin B1, but not the C344A variant, was sensitive to oxidation. Thus, wild-type human serpin B1 should be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable reducing agent to protect C344 against post-translational oxidative modifications. Alternatively, the C344A variant of this protein may prove to be a suitable drug development candidate. These findings also suggest that inactivation of serpin B1 by oxidation may have a physiological role to play during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Pemberton
- SerPlus Technology LLC, 111 Industrial Way, Suite 9, Belmont, CA, 94002, USA.
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215
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Yong KW, Yuen D, Chen MZ, Johnston APR. Engineering the Orientation, Density, and Flexibility of Single-Domain Antibodies on Nanoparticles To Improve Cell Targeting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5593-5600. [PMID: 31917547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles targeted to specific cells have the potential to improve the delivery of therapeutics. The effectiveness of cell targeting can be significantly improved by optimizing how the targeting ligands are displayed on the nanoparticle surface. Crucial to optimizing the cell binding are the orientation, density, and flexibility of the targeting ligand on the nanoparticle surface. In this paper, we used an anti-EGFR single-domain antibody (sdAb or nanobody) to target fluorescent nanocrystals (Qdots) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive cells. The sdAbs were expressed with a synthetic amino acid (azPhe), enabling site-specific conjugation to Qdots in an improved orientation. To optimize the targeting efficiency, we engineered the point of attachment (orientation), controlled the density of targeting groups on the surface of the Qdot, and optimized the length of the poly(ethylene glycol) linker used to couple the sdAb to the Qdot surface. By optimizing orientation, density, and flexibility, we improved cell targeting by more than an order of magnitude. This work highlights the importance of understanding the structure of the nanoparticle surface to achieve the optimal interactions with the intended receptors and how engineering the nanoparticle surface can significantly improve cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken W Yong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Daniel Yuen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Moore Z Chen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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216
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Sharma B, Parajuli P, Podila R. Rapid detection of urokinase plasminogen activator using flexible paper-based graphene-gold platform. Biointerphases 2020; 15:011004. [PMID: 32019314 PMCID: PMC7064303 DOI: 10.1116/1.5128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is causally involved in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. Thus, monitoring uPA levels could be very useful in cancer diagnosis, identification of initial metastasis, and guiding cancer treatment. Here, the authors developed a novel and scalable uPA sensor based on a graphene-gold nanoparticle platform that uses fluorescence of quantum dots to rapidly (<1 h) detect uPA up to 100 pM. Indeed, the authors' sensor is highly selective and showed an ability to sense up to 100 pM uPA even in the presence of complex biological milieu such as the fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-Biophysics, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-Biophysics, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-Biophysics, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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217
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Theron CW, Vandermies M, Telek S, Steels S, Fickers P. Comprehensive comparison of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris for production of Candida antarctica lipase B. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1741. [PMID: 32015397 PMCID: PMC6997362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale production of recombinant proteins (rProt) is becoming increasingly economically important. Among the different hosts used for rProt production, yeasts are gaining popularity. The so-called non-conventional yeasts, such as the methylotrophic Pichia pastoris and the dimorphic Yarrowia lipolytica, are popular choices due to their favorable characteristics and well-established expression systems. Nevertheless, a direct comparison of the two systems for rProt production and secretion was lacking. This study therefore aimed to directly compare Y. lipolytica and P. pastoris for the production and secretion of lipase CalB in bioreactor. Y. lipolytica produced more than double the biomass and more than 5-fold higher extracellular lipase than P. pastoris. Furthermore, maximal CalB production levels were reached by Y. lipolytica in half the cultivation time required for maximal production by P. pastoris. Conversely, P. pastoris was found to express 7-fold higher levels of CalB mRNA. Secreted enhanced green fluorescent protein -in isolation and fused to CalB- and protease inhibitor MG-132 were used in P. pastoris to further investigate the reasons behind such discrepancy. The most likely explanation was ultimately found to be protein degradation by endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation preceding successful secretion. This study highlighted the multifaceted nature of rProt production, prompting a global outlook for selection of rProt production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispian W Theron
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux AgroBio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 2. B-, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie Vandermies
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux AgroBio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 2. B-, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Samuel Telek
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux AgroBio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 2. B-, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Steels
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux AgroBio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 2. B-, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux AgroBio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 2. B-, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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218
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Malash MN, Hussein NA, Muawia S, Nasr MI, Siam R. An optimized protocol for high yield expression and purification of an extremophilic protein. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 169:105585. [PMID: 31987929 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Malash
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt; Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Hussein
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaden Muawia
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I Nasr
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Rania Siam
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt; University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St. Kitts, West Indies.
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219
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Jurischka S, Bida A, Dohmen-Olma D, Kleine B, Potzkei J, Binder S, Schaumann G, Bakkes PJ, Freudl R. A secretion biosensor for monitoring Sec-dependent protein export in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:11. [PMID: 31964372 PMCID: PMC6975037 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum has gained increasing interest as a host organism for the secretory production of heterologous proteins. Generally, the yield of a target protein in the culture supernatant depends on a multitude of interdependent biological and bioprocess parameters which have to be optimized. So far, the monitoring of such optimization processes depends on the availability of a direct assay for the respective target protein that can be handled also in high throughput approaches. Since simple assays, such as standard enzymatic activity assays, are not always at hand, the availability of a general protein secretion biosensor is highly desirable. RESULTS High level secretion of proteins via the Sec protein export pathway leads to secretion stress, a phenomenon that is thought to be caused by the accumulation of incompletely or misfolded proteins at the membrane-cell envelope interface. We have analyzed the transcriptional responses of C. glutamicum to the secretory production of two different heterologous proteins and found that, in both cases, the expression of the gene encoding a homologue of the extracytosolic HtrA protease was highly upregulated. Based on this finding, a C. glutamicum Sec secretion biosensor strain was constructed in which the htrA gene on the chromosome was replaced by the eyfp gene. The fluorescence of the resulting reporter strain responded to the secretion of different heterologous proteins (cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi and alkaline phosphatase PhoA from Escherichia coli) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, three differently efficient signal peptides for the secretory production of the cutinase could be differentiated by the biosensor signal. Furthermore, we have shown that an efficient signal peptide can be separated from a poor signal peptide by using the biosensor signal of the respective cells in fluorescence activated cell sorting experiments. CONCLUSIONS We have succeeded in the construction of a C. glutamicum biosensor strain that allows for the monitoring of Sec-dependent secretion of heterologous proteins in a dose-dependent manner, independent of a direct assay for the desired target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jurischka
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Astrid Bida
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Doris Dohmen-Olma
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Britta Kleine
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Janko Potzkei
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Binder
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Schaumann
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bakkes
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Freudl
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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220
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Hwang S, Greenlee JJ, Nicholson EM. Role of donor genotype in RT-QuIC seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227487. [PMID: 31910440 PMCID: PMC6946595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. This fatal neurodegenerative disease is caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to pathogenic conformers (PrPSc), and the pathogenic forms accumulate in the brain and other tissues. Real-time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) can be used for the detection of prions and for prion strain discrimination in a variety of biological tissues from humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated how either PrPSc from cervids of different genotypes or PrPSc from different sources of CWD influence the fibril formation of recombinant bank vole (BV) or human prion proteins using RT-QuIC. We found that reaction mixtures seeded with PrPSc from different genotypes of white-tailed deer or reindeer brains have similar conversion efficiency with both substrates. Also, we observed similar results when assays were seeded with different sources of CWD. Thus, we conclude that the genotypes of all sources of CWD used in this study do not influence the level of conversion of PrPC to PrPSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Hwang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Virus and Prion Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Justin J. Greenlee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Virus and Prion Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Nicholson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Virus and Prion Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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221
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Abstract
High solvent exposure of certain sequences located in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) may eventually lead to aggregation, as is the case for some low-complexity regions (LCRs) and short linear motifs (SLiMs). In particular, polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are LCRs of variable length highly enriched in glutamine residues. They are common in transcription factors, and their length can have an impact on transcriptional activity. In nine proteins, polyQ tract expansions beyond specific thresholds cause nine neurodegenerative diseases, and aggregates formed by the protein harboring the polyQ tract can be detected in affected individuals. A structural characterization of polyQ proteins in their monomeric form is key to understand how their expansion can affect their aggregation propensity. In this regard, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide high-resolution structural information. Here, we present a protocol to prepare monomeric samples of isotope-enriched short helical polyQ peptides based on the sequence of the androgen receptor (AR) suitable for NMR characterization and suggest different ways to adapt it for the production and monomerization of other relatively short IDR sequences and SLiMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Escobedo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Chiesa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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222
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Abstract
Expressed protein ligation is a method of protein semisynthesis and typically involves the reaction of recombinant protein C-terminal thioesters with N-cysteine containing synthetic peptides in a chemoselective ligation. The recombinant protein C-terminal thioesters are produced by exploiting the action of nature's inteins which are protein modules that catalyze protein splicing. This chapter discusses the basic principles of expressed protein ligation and recent advances and applications in this protein semisynthesis field. Comparative strengths and weaknesses of the method and future challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng A Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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223
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Abstract
Expressed protein ligation is a simple and powerful method in protein engineering to introduce sequences of unnatural amino acids, posttranslational modifications, and biophysical probes into proteins of any size. This methodology has been developed based on the knowledge obtained from protein splicing. Protein splicing is a multistep biochemical reaction that includes the concomitant cleavage and formation of peptide bonds carried out by self-processing domains named inteins. The natural substrates of protein splicing are essential proteins found in intein-containing organisms; inteins are also functional in nonnative frameworks and can be used to alter nearly any protein's primary amino acid sequence. Accordingly, different reactivity features of inteins have been largely exploited to manipulate proteins in countless methods encompassing fields from biochemical research to the development of biotechnological applications including the study of disease progression and validation of potential drug candidates. Here, we review almost three decades of research to uncover the chemical and biochemical enigmas of protein splicing and the development of inteins as potent protein engineering tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero-Casañas
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Verónica Gordo
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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224
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Rebelo BA, Santos RB, Ascenso OS, Nogueira AC, Lousa D, Abranches R, Ventura MR. Synthesis and biological effects of small molecule enhancers for improved recombinant protein production in plant cell cultures. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103452. [PMID: 31810755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are involved in chromatin remodelling and thus play a vital role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. HDAC inhibitors alter the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins to regulate various cellular events such as transcription. Novel HDAC inhibitors were designed and synthesised to promote higher levels of recombinant protein production in tobacco cell cultures. The effect of these chemical enhancers on the epigenetic profiles in plant cells has been evaluated by molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo studies. The addition of these novel enhancers led to an increase in histone H3 acetylation levels that promoted an increase in the accumulation levels of the recombinant protein in cell culture. These results can pave the way for the application of these enhancers to improve the production of high value products in plant cell based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A Rebelo
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita B Santos
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo S Ascenso
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Nogueira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diana Lousa
- Protein Modelling Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - M Rita Ventura
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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225
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Abstract
HSV glycoproteins play important roles in the viral life cycle, particularly viral cell entry. Here we describe the protocol for expression, purification, and crystallization of full-length HSV-1 glycoprotein B. The protocol provides a framework for incorporating transmembrane domain-stabilizing amphipols into the crystallization setup and can be adapted to isolate other complete HSV glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ekaterina E Heldwein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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226
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Budge JD, Knight TJ, Povey J, Roobol J, Brown IR, Singh G, Dean A, Turner S, Jaques CM, Young RJ, Racher AJ, Smales CM. Engineering of Chinese hamster ovary cell lipid metabolism results in an expanded ER and enhanced recombinant biotherapeutic protein production. Metab Eng 2020; 57:203-216. [PMID: 31805379 PMCID: PMC6975165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression systems have been exquisitely developed for the production of recombinant biotherapeutics (e.g. standard monoclonal antibodies, mAbs) and are able to generate efficacious, multi-domain proteins with human-like post translational modifications at high concentration with appropriate product quality attributes. However, there remains a need for development of new CHO cell expression systems able to produce more challenging secretory recombinant biotherapeutics at higher yield with improved product quality attributes. Amazingly, the engineering of lipid metabolism to enhance such properties has not been investigated even though the biosynthesis of recombinant proteins is at least partially controlled by cellular processes that are highly dependent on lipid metabolism. Here we show that the global transcriptional activator of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), and stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, can be overexpressed in CHO cells to different degrees. The amount of overexpression obtained of each of these lipid metabolism modifying (LMM) genes was related to the subsequent phenotypes observed. Expression of a number of model secretory biopharmaceuticals was enhanced between 1.5-9 fold in either SREBF1 or SCD1 engineered CHO host cells as assessed under batch and fed-batch culture. The SCD1 overexpressing polyclonal pool consistently showed increased concentration of a range of products. For the SREBF1 engineered cells, the level of SREBF1 expression that gave the greatest enhancement in yield was dependent upon the model protein tested. Overexpression of both SCD1 and SREBF1 modified the lipid profile of CHO cells and the cellular structure. Mechanistically, overexpression of SCD1 and SREBF1 resulted in an expanded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that was dependent upon the level of LMM overexpression. We conclude that manipulation of lipid metabolism in CHO cells via genetic engineering is an exciting new approach to enhance the ability of CHO cells to produce a range of different types of secretory recombinant protein products via modulation of the cellular lipid profile and expansion of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Budge
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Tanya J Knight
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jane Povey
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Joanne Roobol
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ian R Brown
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Andrew Dean
- Lonza Biologics, 228 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 4DX, UK
| | - Sarah Turner
- Lonza Biologics, 228 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 4DX, UK
| | | | - Robert J Young
- Cell Engineering Group, Lonza Biologics, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK
| | | | - C Mark Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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227
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Xu J, Liu G, Di C, Zhao X, Li X, Li Y, Pang N, Yang C, Li Y, Li B, Lu Z, Wang M, Dai K, Yan R, Li S, Nie G. Engineered Nanoplatelets for Targeted Delivery of Plasminogen Activators to Reverse Thrombus in Multiple Mouse Thrombosis Models. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1905145. [PMID: 31788896 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cut-off of blood supply in diseases involving thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the current thrombolysis strategies offer limited results due to the therapeutics' short half-lives, low targeting ability, and unexpected bleeding complications. Inspired by the innate roles of platelets in hemostasis and pathological thrombus, platelet membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles (nanoplatelets) are developed for targeting delivery of the thrombolytic drug, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), to local thrombus sites. The tailor-designed nanoplatelets efficiently accumulate at the thrombi in pulmonary embolism and mesenteric arterial thrombosis model mice, eliciting a significantly enhanced thrombolysis activity compared to free rt-PA. In addition, the nanoplatelets exhibit improved therapeutic efficacy over free rt-PA in an ischemic stroke model. Analysis of in vivo coagulation indicators suggests the nanoplatelets might possess a low risk of bleeding complications. The hybrid biomimetic nanoplatelets described offer a promising solution to improve the efficacy and reduce the bleeding risk of thrombolytic therapy in a broad spectrum of thrombosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chunzhi Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ningbo Pang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bozhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zefang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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228
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Zhou Q, Su Z, Jiao L, Wang Y, Yang K, Li W, Yan Y. High-Level Production of a Thermostable Mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase 2 in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010279. [PMID: 31906187 PMCID: PMC6982173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising biocatalyst, Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (YlLip2) is limited in its industrial applications due to its low thermostability. In this study, a thermostable YlLip2 mutant was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris and its half-life time was over 30 min at 80 °C. To obtain a higher protein secretion level, the gene dosage of the mutated lip2 gene was optimized and the lipase activity was improved by about 89%. Then, the YlLip2 activity of the obtained strain further increased from 482 to 1465 U/mL via optimizing the shaking flask culture conditions. Subsequently, Hac1p and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) were coexpressed with the YlLip2 mutant to reduce the endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the oxygen uptake efficiency in the recombinant strains, respectively. Furthermore, high-density fermentations were performed in a 3 L bioreactor and the production of the YlLip2 mutant reached 9080 U/mL. The results demonstrated that the expression level of the thermostable YlLip2 mutant was predominantly enhanced via the combination of these strategies in P. pastoris, which forms a consolidated basis for its large-scale production and future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunjun Yan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8779-2213
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229
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Jaber Chehayeb R, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Crystal structures of p120RasGAP N-terminal SH2 domain in its apo form and in complex with a p190RhoGAP phosphotyrosine peptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226113. [PMID: 31891593 PMCID: PMC6938330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho and Ras pathways play vital roles in cell growth, division and motility. Cross-talk between the pathways amplifies their roles in cell proliferation and motility and its dysregulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. One important interaction for cross-talk occurs between p120RasGAP (RASA1), a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras, and p190RhoGAP (p190RhoGAP-A, ARHGAP35), a GAP for Rho. The binding of these proteins is primarily mediated by two SH2 domains within p120RasGAP engaging phosphorylated tyrosines of p190RhoGAP, of which the best studied is pTyr-1105. To better understand the interaction between p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, we determined the 1.75 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP in the unliganded form, and its 1.6 Å co-crystal structure in complex with a synthesized phosphotyrosine peptide, EEENI(p-Tyr)SVPHDST, corresponding to residues 1100–1112 of p190RhoGAP. We find that the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RhoGAP has the characteristic SH2 fold encompassing a central beta-sheet flanked by two alpha-helices, and that peptide binding stabilizes specific conformations of the βE-βF loop and arginine residues R212 and R231. Site-directed mutagenesis and native gel shifts confirm phosphotyrosine binding through the conserved FLVR motif arginine residue R207, and isothermal titration calorimetry finds a dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM between the phosphopeptide and SH2 domain. These results demonstrate that the major interaction between two important GAP proteins, p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, is mediated by a canonical SH2-pTyr interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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230
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Zúñiga A, Laporte D, González A, Gómez M, Sáez CA, Moenne A. Isolation and Characterization of Copper- and Zinc- Binding Metallothioneins from the Marine Alga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E153. [PMID: 31881655 PMCID: PMC6981760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, transcripts encoding three metallothioneins from Ulva compressa (UcMTs) were amplified: The 5'and 3' UTRs by RACE-PCR, and the open reading frames (ORFs) by PCR. Transcripts encoding UcMT1.1 (Crassostrea-like), UcMT2 (Mytilus-like), and UcMT3 (Dreissena-like) showed a 5'UTR of 61, 71, and 65 nucleotides and a 3'UTR of 418, 235, and 193 nucleotides, respectively. UcMT1.1 ORF encodes a protein of 81 amino acids (MW 8.2 KDa) with 25 cysteines (29.4%), arranged as three motifs CC and nine motifs CXC; UcMT2 ORF encode a protein of 90 amino acids (9.05 kDa) with 27 cysteines (30%), arranged as three motifs CC, nine motifs CXC, and one motif CXXC; UcMT3 encode a protein of 139 amino acids (13.4 kDa) with 34 cysteines (24%), arranged as seven motifs CC and seven motifs CXC. UcMT1 and UcMT2 were more similar among each other, showing 60% similarity in amino acids; UcMT3 showed only 31% similarity with UcMT1 and UcMT2. In addition, UcMTs displayed structural similarity with MTs of marine invertebrates MTs and the terrestrial invertebrate Caenorhabtidis elegans MTs, but not with MTs from red or brown macroalgae. The ORFs fused with GST were expressed in bacteria allowing copper accumulation, mainly in MT1 and MT2, and zinc, in the case of the three MTs. Thus, the three MTs allowed copper and zinc accumulation in vivo. UcMTs may play a role in copper and zinc accumulation in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Avenida Carvallo 270, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Laporte
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Melissa Gómez
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Claudio A. Sáez
- HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Avenida Carvallo 270, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, Center of Advances Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña 450, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
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Srivastava V, Mishra S, Chaudhuri TK. Enhanced production of recombinant serratiopeptidase in Escherichia coli and its characterization as a potential biosimilar to native biotherapeutic counterpart. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:215. [PMID: 31847856 PMCID: PMC6918600 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen secretes a 50 kDa multi-domain zinc metalloprotease called serratiopeptidase. Broad substrate specificity of serratiopeptidase makes it suitable for detergent and food processing industries The protein shows potent anti-inflammatory, anti-edemic, analgesic, antibiofilm activity and sold as an individual or fixed-dose enteric-coated tablets combined with other drugs. Although controversial, serratiopeptidase as drug is used in the treatment of chronic sinusitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, sprains, torn ligaments, and postoperative inflammation. Since the native producer of serratiopeptidase is a pathogenic microorganism, the current production methods need to be replaced by alternative approaches. Heterologous expression of serratiopeptidase in E. coli was tried before but not found suitable due to the limited yield, and other expression related issues due to its inherent proteolytic activity such as cytotoxicity, cell death, no expression, minimal expression, or inactive protein accumulation. RESULTS Recombinant expression of mature form serratiopeptidase in E. coli seems toxic and resulted in the failure of transformation and other expression related issues. Although E. coli C43(DE3) cells, express protein correctly, the yield was compromised severely. Optimization of protein expression process parameters such as nutrient composition, induction point, inducer concentration, post-induction duration, etc., caused significant enhancement in serratiopeptidase production (57.9 ± 0.73% of total cellular protein). Expressed protein formed insoluble, enzymatically inactive inclusion bodies, and gave 40-45 mg/l homogenous (> 98% purity) biologically active and conformationally similar serratiopeptidase to the commercial counterpart upon refolding and purification. CONCLUSION Expression of mature serratiopeptidase in E. coli C43(DE3) cells eliminated the protein expression associated with toxicity issues. Further optimization of process parameters significantly enhanced the overexpression of protein resulting in the higher yield of pure and functionally active recombinant serratiopeptidase. The biological activity and conformational features of recombinant serratiopeptidase were very similar to the commercially available counterpart suggesting it-a potential biosimilar of therapeutic and industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Srivastava
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Shivam Mishra
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Tapan K. Chaudhuri
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
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Bortnov V, Tonelli M, Lee W, Lin Z, Annis DS, Demerdash ON, Bateman A, Mitchell JC, Ge Y, Markley JL, Mosher DF. Solution structure of human myeloid-derived growth factor suggests a conserved function in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5612. [PMID: 31819058 PMCID: PMC6901522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myeloid-derived growth factor (hMYDGF) is a 142-residue protein with a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence (ERS). Extracellular MYDGF mediates cardiac repair in mice after anoxic injury. Although homologs of hMYDGF are found in eukaryotes as distant as protozoans, its structure and function are unknown. Here we present the NMR solution structure of hMYDGF, which consists of a short α-helix and ten β-strands distributed in three β-sheets. Conserved residues map to the unstructured ERS, loops on the face opposite the ERS, and the surface of a cavity underneath the conserved loops. The only protein or portion of a protein known to have a similar fold is the base domain of VNN1. We suggest, in analogy to the tethering of the VNN1 nitrilase domain to the plasma membrane via its base domain, that MYDGF complexed to the KDEL receptor binds cargo via its conserved residues for transport to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu Bortnov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Douglas S Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Omar N Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Alex Bateman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Julie C Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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233
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Basabe-Burgos O, Ahlström JZ, Mikolka P, Landreh M, Johansson J, Curstedt T, Rising A. Efficient delipidation of a recombinant lung surfactant lipopeptide analogue by liquid-gel chromatography. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226072. [PMID: 31800629 PMCID: PMC6892477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant preparations extracted from natural sources have been used to treat millions of newborn babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and can possibly also be used to treat other lung diseases. Due to costly production and limited supply of animal-derived surfactants, synthetic alternatives are attractive. The water insolubility and aggregation-prone nature of the proteins present in animal-derived surfactant preparations have complicated development of artificial surfactant. A non-aggregating analog of lung surfactant protein C, SP-C33Leu is used in synthetic surfactant and we recently described an efficient method to produce rSP-C33Leu in bacteria. Here rSP-C33Leu obtained by salt precipitation of bacterial extracts was purified by two-step liquid gel chromatography and analyzed using mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC, showing that it is void of modifications and adducts. Premature New Zealand White rabbit fetuses instilled with 200mg/kg of 2% of rSP-C33Leu in phospholipids and ventilated with a positive end expiratory pressure showed increased tidal volumes and lung gas volumes compared to animals treated with phospholipids only. This shows that rSP-C33Leu can be purified from bacterial lipids and that rSP-C33Leu surfactant is active against experimental RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Basabe-Burgos
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jakub Zebialowicz Ahlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michael Landreh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tore Curstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Fumagalli M, Gerace D, Faè M, Iadarola P, Leelavathi S, Reddy VS, Cella R. Molecular, biochemical, and proteomic analyses of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing an endoglucanase support chloroplast-based molecular farming for industrial scale production of enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9479-9491. [PMID: 31701198 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful production of recombinant enzymes by tobacco transplastomic plants must maintain compatibility of the heterologous enzyme with chloroplast metabolism and its long-time enzyme stability. Based on previous reports, it has been taken for granted that following biolistic-transformation, homoplasticity could be obtained from the initially heteroplastic state following successive rounds of selection in the presence of the selection agent. However, several studies indicated that this procedure does not always ensure the complete elimination of unmodified wild-type plastomes. The present study demonstrates that CelK1 transplastomic plants, which were photosyntetically as active as untransformed ones, remain heteroplastomic even after repeated selection steps and that this state does not impair the relatively high-level production of the recombinant enzyme. In fact, even in the heteroplastomic state, the recombinant protein represented about 6% of the total soluble proteins (TSP). Moreover, our data also show that, while the recombinant endoglucanase undergoes phosphorylation, this post-translation modification does not have any significant impact on the enzymatic activity. Biomass storage might be required whenever the enzyme extraction process could not be performed immediately following the harvest of tobacco mature plants. In this respect, we have observed that enzyme activity in the detached leaves stored at 4 °C is maintained up to 20 weeks without significant loss of activity. These findings may have major implications in the future of chloroplast genetic engineering-based molecular farming to produce industrial enzymes in transplastomic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Gerace
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Faè
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Leelavathi
- Plant Transformation Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V S Reddy
- Plant Transformation Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rino Cella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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235
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Jo S, Kim H, Kim S, Shin DH, Kim M. Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:2023-2030. [PMID: 31436895 PMCID: PMC7162010 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted between animals and human beings. It causes MERS with high mortality rate. However, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available. Since antiviral activity of some flavonoids is known, we applied a flavonoid library to probe inhibitory compounds against MERS-CoV 3C-like protease (3CLpro). Herbacetin, isobavachalcone, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside and helichrysetin were found to block the enzymatic activity of MERS-CoV 3CLpro. The binding of the four flavonoids was also confirmed independently using a tryptophan-based fluorescence method. The systematic comparison of the binding affinity of flavonoids made it possible to infer their scaffolds and functional groups required to bind with MERS-CoV 3CLpro. An induced-fit docking analysis revealed that S1 and S2 sites play a role in interaction with flavonoids. The experimental and computational study showed that flavonol and chalcone are favourite scaffolds to bind with the catalytic site of MERS-CoV 3CLpro. It was also deduced that some flavonoid derivatives with hydrophobic or carbohydrate attached to their core structures have a good inhibitory effect. Therefore, we suggest that flavonoids with these characteristics can be used as templates to develop potent MERS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduates School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduates School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Suwon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduates School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Dong Hae Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Graduates School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Mi‐Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduates School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea
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Rusanen J, Toivonen A, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Arikoski P, Heikkinen M, Vaarala O, Ilonen J, Hedman K. LFRET, a novel rapid assay for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody detection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225851. [PMID: 31770411 PMCID: PMC6879146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is currently based on serology and intestinal biopsy, with detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies recommended as the first-line test. Emphasizing the increasing importance of serological testing, new guidelines and evidence suggest basing the diagnosis solely on serology without confirmatory biopsy. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are the established approach for anti-tTG antibody detection, with the existing point-of-care (POC) tests lacking sensitivity and/or specificity. Improved POC methods could help reduce the underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay of CD. We have previously developed rapid homogenous immunoassays based on time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), and demonstrated their suitability in serodiagnostics with hanta- and Zika virus infections as models. In this study, we set out to establish a protein L -based TR-FRET assay (LFRET) for the detection of anti-tTG antibodies. We studied 74 patients with biopsy-confirmed CD and 70 healthy controls, with 1) the new tTG-LFRET assay, and for reference 2) a well-established EIA and 3) an existing commercial POC test. IgG depletion was employed to differentiate between anti-tTG IgA and IgG positivity. The sensitivity and specificity of the first-generation tTG-LFRET POC assay in detection of CD were 87.8% and 94.3%, respectively, in line with those of the reference POC test. The sensitivity and specificity of EIA were 95.9% and 91.9%, respectively. This study demonstrates the applicability of LFRET to serological diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in general and of CD in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Rusanen
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Toivonen
- Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Arikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Heikkinen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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237
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Nguyen MT, Heo Y, Do BH, Baek S, Kim CJ, Jang YJ, Lee W, Choe H. Bacterial overexpression and purification of soluble recombinant human serum albumin using maltose-binding protein and protein disulphide isomerase. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 167:105530. [PMID: 31698036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant serum protein in healthy humans, plays important roles in many physiological processes and has wide clinical and research applications. Despite several efforts to obtain recombinant HSA (rHSA) from bacterial and eukaryotic expression systems, a low-cost and high-yield method for rHSA production is not available. The large molecular weight and high disulphide content hamper the expression and production of rHSA using bacterial hosts. Hence, a strategy that uses a fusion technique and engineered Escherichia coli strains was employed to improve the expression of soluble rHSA in the bacterial cytoplasm. The solubilities of the b'a' domain of human protein disulphide isomerase (PDIb'a')- and maltose-binding protein (MBP)-tagged rHSA expressed in Origami 2 at 18 °C were notably increased by up to 90.1% and 96%, respectively. A simple and efficient protocol for rHSA purification was established and approximately 9.46 mg rHSA was successfully obtained from a 500-mL culture at 97% purity. However, rHSA was mostly obtained in soluble oligomeric form. By introducing a simple refolding and size-exclusion chromatography step, monomeric rHSA was obtained at 34% yield. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the similarity in the molecular weights between E. coli-derived monomeric rHSA and commercial monomeric HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yunseok Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Bich Hang Do
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sangki Baek
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Abstract
Compound I from cytochrome P450 119 prepared by the photooxidation method involving peroxynitrite oxidation of the resting enzyme to Compound II followed by photooxidation to Compound I was compared to Compound I generated by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) oxidation of the resting enzyme. The two methods gave the same UV/Visible spectra, the same products from oxidations of lauric acid and palmitic acid and their (ω-2,ω-2,ω-3,ω-3)-tetradeuterated analogues, and the same kinetics for oxidations of lauric acid and caprylic acid. The experimental identities between the transients produced by the two methods leave no doubt that the same Compound I species is formed by the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60617 U.S.A, Fax: (+1) 312-996-0431
| | - John H. Horner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60617 U.S.A, Fax: (+1) 312-996-0431
| | - Martin Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60617 U.S.A, Fax: (+1) 312-996-0431
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Vasiee A, Norouzi N, Yazdi FT, Mortazavi SA, Sankian M, Mahmoudi M, Shahidi F. Analysis of different signal peptides for the secretory production of Ama r 2 in gram-positive systems (Lactococcus lactis). Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103819. [PMID: 31669829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic systems have been considered the most affordable and simplest hosts which are being employed to express recombinant proteins such as allergens; nevertheless, without appropriate signal peptide (SP), these systems cannot be used for secretory proteins. Recently, a lot of effort has been put into assessing the potential of gram-positive strains such as lactic acid bacteria for new applications in the production of heterologous proteins. Ama r 2 is a respiratory allergen from Amaranthus retroflexus, whose recombinant production in the probiotic host could be introduced as a specific and effective way to rapid diagnosis and immunotherapy of this allergy. Consequently, the production of this recombinant protein using the prokaryotic system, requires a suitable SP to protect disulfide bonds and to prevent misfolding. This study was designed to predict the best SPs for the expression of Ama r 2 protein in Lactococcus lactis as the host. In this study, 42 signal sequences were selected from SP databases and the most important features of them were evaluated. First, n, h and c regions of the SPs and their probabilities were investigated by signalP software version 4.1. Then, their physicochemical properties were evaluated by Portparam and SOLpro. Moreover, the secretion sorting and sub-cellular localization sites were evaluated by PRED-TAT and ProtcompB software programs. The results revealed that yjgB, entC2 (Entrotoxine type C-2), ent B (Entrotoxine type), blaZ (Beta lactamase), dex (number 21), blm (Beta lactamase 2), dex (Dextranase; number 20) and number 26 were introduced theatrically as the best SPs to express Ama r 2 in Lactococcus lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Vasiee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Norouzi
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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González M, Brito N, Hernández‐Bolaños E, González C. New tools for high-throughput expression of fungal secretory proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1139-1153. [PMID: 30289201 PMCID: PMC6801181 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous protein expression in yeast, mostly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, is a well-established and widely used technique. It typically requires the construction of an expression vector in Escherichia coli containing the foreign gene and its subsequent transformation into yeast. Although simple, this procedure has important limitations for the expression of large numbers of proteins, that is, for the generation of protein libraries. We describe here the development of a novel system for the easy and fast expression of heterologous proteins both in S. cerevisiae and in P. pastoris, under the control of the GAL1 and AOX1 promoters respectively. Expression in S. cerevisiae requires only the transformation of yeast cells with an unpurified PCR product carrying the gene to be expressed, and the expression of the same gene in P. pastoris requires only the isolation of the plasmid generated in S. cerevisiae and its transformation into this second yeast, thus making this system suitable for high-throughput projects. The system has been tested by the extracellular expression of 30 secretory fungal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario González
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Nélida Brito
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Eduardo Hernández‐Bolaños
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Celedonio González
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
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Theron CW, Labuschagné M, Albertyn J, Smit MS. Heterologous coexpression of the benzoate-para-hydroxylase CYP53B1 with different cytochrome P450 reductases in various yeasts. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1126-1138. [PMID: 30341814 PMCID: PMC6801163 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) are enzymes with high potential as biocatalysts for industrial applications. Their large-scale applications are, however, limited by instability and requirement for coproteins and/or expensive cofactors. These problems are largely overcome when whole cells are used as biocatalysts. We previously screened various yeast species heterologously expressing self-sufficient P450s for their potential as whole-cell biocatalysts. Most P450s are, however, not self-sufficient and consist of two or three protein component systems. Therefore, in the present study, we screened different yeast species for coexpression of P450 and P450-reductase (CPR) partners, using CYP53B1 from Rhodotorula minuta as an exemplary P450. The abilities of three different coexpressed CPR partners to support P450 activity were investigated, two from basidiomycetous origin and one from an ascomycete. The various P450-CPR combinations were cloned into strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Hansenula polymorpha, Yarrowia lipolytica and Arxula adeninivorans, using a broad-range yeast expression vector. The results obtained supported the previous finding that recombinant A. adeninivorans strains perform excellently as whole-cell biocatalysts. This study also demonstrated for the first time the P450 reductase activity of the CPRs from R. minuta and U. maydis. A very interesting observation was the variation in the supportive activity provided by the different reductase partners tested and demonstrated better P450 activity enhancement by a heterologous CPR compared to its natural partner CPR. This study highlights reductase selection as a critical variable for consideration in the pursuit of optimal P450-based catalytic systems. The usefulness of A. adeninivorans as both a host for recombinant P450s and whole-cell biocatalyst was emphasized, supporting earlier findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispian W. Theron
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- South African DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*changeUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Michel Labuschagné
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Martha S. Smit
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- South African DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*changeUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Ramírez-Nava EJ, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Ponce-Soto GY, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Serrano-Posada H, Sierra-Palacios E, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Cuevas-Cruz M, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Pérez de la Cruz V, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Molecular Cloning and Exploration of the Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Recombinant Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215279. [PMID: 31652968 PMCID: PMC6862599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 (GDI) is an endophytic bacterium with potential biotechnological applications in industry and agronomy. The recent description of its complete genome and its principal metabolic enzymes suggests that glucose metabolism is accomplished through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); however, the enzymes participating in this pathway have not yet been characterized in detail. The objective of the present work was to clone, purify, and biochemically and physicochemically characterize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from GDI. The gene was cloned and expressed as a tagged protein in E. coli to be purified by affinity chromatography. The native state of the G6PD protein in the solution was found to be a tetramer with optimal activity at pH 8.8 and a temperature between 37 and 50 °C. The apparent Km values for G6P and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) were 63 and 7.2 μM, respectively. Finally, from the amino acid sequence a three-dimensional (3D) model was obtained, which allowed the arrangement of the amino acids involved in the catalytic activity, which are conserved (RIDHYLGKE, GxGGDLT, and EKPxG) with those of other species, to be identified. This characterization of the enzyme could help to identify new environmental conditions for the knowledge of the plant–microorganism interactions and a better use of GDI in new technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Jiovany Ramírez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Yaxal Ponce-Soto
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico 09620, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Cuevas-Cruz
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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243
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Gildenberg MS, Washington MT. Conformational flexibility of fork-remodeling helicase Rad5 shown by full-ensemble hybrid methods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223875. [PMID: 31626633 PMCID: PMC6799953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathways exist to bypass DNA damage during replication. One such pathway is template switching. The Rad5 protein plays two important roles in template switching: it is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes PCNA poly-ubiquitylation and it is a helicase that converts replication forks to chicken foot structures. To understand the structure, conformational flexibility, and mechanism of Rad5, we used a full-ensemble hybrid method combining Langevin dynamics simulations and small-angle X-ray scattering. From these studies, we generated the first experimentally validated, high-resolution structural model of Rad5. We found that Rad5 is more compact and less extended than is suggested by its large amount of predicted intrinsic disorder. Thus, Rad5 likely has a novel intra-molecular interaction that limits the range of conformational space it can sample. We provide evidence for a novel interaction between the HIRAN and the helicase domains of Rad5, and we discuss the biological and mechanistic implications of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Gildenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - M. Todd Washington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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244
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Alrdahe S, Al Sadoun H, Torbica T, McKenzie EA, Bowling FL, Boulton AJM, Mace KA. Dysregulation of macrophage development and phenotype in diabetic human macrophages can be rescued by Hoxa3 protein transduction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223980. [PMID: 31626638 PMCID: PMC6799902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled inflammatory responses of myeloid cells recruited to wounds are essential for effective repair. In diabetes, the inflammatory response is prolonged and augmented over time, with increased myeloid cells present in the wound that fail to switch from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to a pro-healing phenotype. These defects lead to delayed angiogenesis and tissue repair and regeneration, and contribute to chronic wound formation. In mouse models of diabetes, this aberrant phenotype is partially mediated by stable intrinsic changes to the developing myeloid cells in the bone marrow, affecting their maturation and polarization potential. Previous studies have shown that freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients are more inflammatory than non-diabetic counterparts. However, the phenotype of macrophages from human diabetic patients has not been well characterized. Here we show that diabetic-derived human macrophages cultured for 6 days in vitro maintain a pro-inflammatory priming and hyperpolarize to a pro-inflammatory phenotype when stimulated with LPS and INF-ɣ or TNF. In addition, diabetic-derived macrophages show maturation defects associated with reduced expression of the RUNX1 transcription factor that promotes myeloid cell development. Targeting intrinsic defects in myeloid cells by protein transduction of the Hoxa3 transcription factor can rescue some inflammation and maturation defects in human macrophages from diabetic patients via upregulation of Runx1. In addition, Hoxa3 can modulate the levels of p65/NF-κB and histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase activity, as well as inhibit acetylation of the TNF promoter. Altogether, these results show a link between myeloid cell maturation and inflammatory responses, and that diabetes induces intrinsic changes to human myeloid cells that are maintained over time, as well as potentially therapeutic Hoxa3-mediated mechanisms of controlling the inflammatory response in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/analysis
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alrdahe
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanja Torbica
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A. McKenzie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L. Bowling
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. M. Boulton
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly A. Mace
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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245
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Jung HM, Im DK, Lim JH, Jung GY, Oh MK. Metabolic perturbations in mutants of glucose transporters and their applications in metabolite production in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:170. [PMID: 31601271 PMCID: PMC6786474 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most microorganisms have evolved to maximize growth rate, with rapid consumption of carbon sources from the surroundings. However, fast growing phenotypes usually feature secretion of organic compounds. For example, E. coli mainly produced acetate in fast growing condition such as glucose rich and aerobic condition, which is troublesome for metabolic engineering because acetate causes acidification of surroundings, growth inhibition and decline of production yield. The overflow metabolism can be alleviated by reducing glucose uptake rate. RESULTS As glucose transporters or their subunits were knocked out in E. coli, the growth and glucose uptake rates decreased and biomass yield was improved. Alteration of intracellular metabolism caused by the mutations was investigated with transcriptome analysis and 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA). Various transcriptional and metabolic perturbations were identified in the sugar transporter mutants. Transcription of genes related to glycolysis, chemotaxis, and flagella synthesis was downregulated, and that of gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, alternative transporters, quorum sensing, and stress induced proteins was upregulated in the sugar transporter mutants. The specific production yields of value-added compounds (enhanced green fluorescent protein, γ-aminobutyrate, lycopene) were improved significantly in the sugar transporter mutants. CONCLUSIONS The elimination of sugar transporter resulted in alteration of global gene expression and redirection of carbon flux distribution, which was purposed to increase energy yield and recycle carbon sources. When the pathways for several valuable compounds were introduced to mutant strains, specific yield of them were highly improved. These results showed that controlling the sugar uptake rate is a good strategy for ameliorating metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Min Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyun Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
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246
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Bisht J, LeValley P, Noren B, McBride R, Kharkar P, Kloxin A, Gatlin J, Oakey J. Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement. Lab Chip 2019; 19:3499-3511. [PMID: 31544194 PMCID: PMC7819639 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free Xenopus egg extract is a widely used and biochemically tractable model system that allows recapitulation and elucidation of fundamental cellular processes. Recently, the introduction of microfluidic extract manipulation has enabled compartmentalization of bulk extract and a newfound ability to study organelles on length scales that recapitulate key features of cellular morphology. While the microfluidic confinement of extracts has produced a compelling platform for the in vitro study of cell processes at physiologically-relevant length scales, it also imposes experimental limitations by restricting dynamic control over extract properties. Here, we introduce photodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels as a vehicle to passively and selectively manipulate extract composition through the release of proteins encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix. Photopatterned PEG hydrogels, passive to both extract and encapsulated proteins, serve as protein depots within microfluidic channels, which are subsequently flooded with extract. Illumination by ultraviolet light (UV) degrades the hydrogel structures and releases encapsulated protein. We show that an engineered fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (GST-GFP-NLS) retains its ability to localize within nearby nuclei following UV-induced release from hydrogel structures. When diffusion is considered, the kinetics of nuclear accumulation are similar to those in experiments utilizing conventional, bulk fluid handling. Similarly, the release of recombinant cyclin B Δ90, a mutant form of the master cell cycle regulator cyclin B which lacks the canonical destruction box, was able to induce the expected cell cycle transition from interphase to mitosis. This transition was confirmed by the observation of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), a phenomenological hallmark of mitosis, and the induction of mitosis-specific biochemical markers. This approach to extract manipulation presents a versatile and customizable route to regulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular events in microfluidically confined cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Paige LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - April Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jesse Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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247
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Kim JT, Li VL, Terrell SM, Fischer CR, Long JZ. Family-wide Annotation of Enzymatic Pathways by Parallel In Vivo Metabolomics. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1623-1629.e3. [PMID: 31587987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze fundamental biochemical reactions that control cellular and organismal homeostasis. Here we present an approach for de novo biochemical pathway discovery across entire mammalian enzyme families using parallel viral transduction in mice and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Applying this method to the M20 peptidases uncovers both known pathways of amino acid metabolism as well as a previously unknown CNDP2-regulated pathway for threonyl dipeptide catabolism. Ablation of CNDP2 in mice elevates threonyl dipeptides across multiple tissues, establishing the physiologic relevance of our biochemical assignments. Taken together, these data underscore the utility of parallel in vivo metabolomics for the family-wide discovery of enzymatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie M Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Curt R Fischer
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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248
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Bai Y, Dong L, Zhou Y, Lan F. [Prokaryotic expression and purification of mouse recombinant myelin proteolipid protein polypeptide]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 35:886-891. [PMID: 31814564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To establish and optimize the prokaryotic expression method for the recombinant mouse myelin proteolipid protein (PLP, 139-208 aa) which is a critical immunogenic polypeptide of PLP. Methods The sequence coding for PLP139-208 polypeptide was cloned into pET-32a(+) vector. Afterwards, the expression vector prepared in this research was transformed into E. coli BL21, and the recombinant PLP polypeptide was induced to express by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Two key prokaryotic expression conditions, IPTG's induction length and temperature, were analyzed for further optimization. The recombinant PLP polypeptide was induced to express by the expression method under the optimal expression conditions, and then was purified by Ni-NTA agarose and amylose resin. Finally, the gain of PLP139-208 polypeptide was verified by Western blot analysis. Results The results in the combinatorial optimization revealed that the expression of PLP139-208 was obtained at a satisfactory level when it was incubated at 23DegreesCelsius for 20 hours with the IPTG concentration of 0.5 mmol/L. Conclusion The optimized prokaryotic expression method for the recombinant mouse PLP139-208 was successfully established and effectively performed. This will shed light on the further researches on the improved preparation for experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis) and the underlying mechanism underlying PLP-induced autoimmune demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bai
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Wuyi University, Wuyishang 354300, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Fenghua Lan
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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249
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Zhong R, Cui D, Ye ZH. Evolutionary origin of O-acetyltransferases responsible for glucomannan acetylation in land plants. New Phytol 2019; 224:466-479. [PMID: 31183872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mannans are an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in bryophytes, seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms. A previous study has shown that mannan acetylation in Arabidopsis and konjac is mediated by mannan O-acetyltransferases belonging to the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) 231 family. However, little is known about the acetylation patterns of mannans in bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, and the evolutionary origin of mannan O-acetyltransferases in land plants has not yet been studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the DUF231 family revealed that DUF231 members were present in the charophycean green algae and evolved to form overlapped and divergent phylogenetic groups in different taxa of land plants. Acetyltransferase activity assays of recombinant proteins demonstrated that a number of group II DUF231 members from moss, Selaginella, pine, spruce, rice and poplar were mannan 2-O- and 3-O-acetyltransferases, whereas the two group I DUF231 members from the alga Klebsormidium nitens were not. Structural analysis of mannans from moss and Selaginella showed they were composed of mannosyl and glucosyl residues and the mannosyl residues were acetylated at O-2 and O-3. These findings indicate that although the DUF231 genes originated in algae, their recruitment as mannan O-acetyltransferases probably occurred in bryophytes, and the biochemical functions of these O-acetyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved throughout land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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250
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Luginina A, Gusach A, Marin E, Mishin A, Brouillette R, Popov P, Shiriaeva A, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Lyapina E, Ishchenko A, Patel N, Polovinkin V, Safronova N, Bogorodskiy A, Edelweiss E, Hu H, Weierstall U, Liu W, Batyuk A, Gordeliy V, Han GW, Sarret P, Katritch V, Borshchevskiy V, Cherezov V. Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax2518. [PMID: 31633023 PMCID: PMC6785256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R mediates inflammatory processes and plays a major role in numerous disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are widely prescribed as antiasthmatic drugs; however, these drugs demonstrate low effectiveness in some patients and exhibit a variety of side effects. To gain deeper understanding into the functional mechanisms of CysLTRs, we determined the crystal structures of CysLT1R bound to two chemically distinct antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, including lateral ligand access to the orthosteric pocket between transmembrane helices TM4 and TM5, an atypical pattern of microswitches, and a distinct four-residue-coordinated sodium site. These results provide important insights and structural templates for rational discovery of safer and more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Rebecca Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Petr Popov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anna Shiriaeva
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Lyapina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vitaly Polovinkin
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezhda Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Evelina Edelweiss
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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