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Schäfer AL, Eichhorst A, Hentze C, Kraemer AN, Amend A, Sprenger DTL, Fluhr C, Finzel S, Daniel C, Salzer U, Rizzi M, Voll RE, Chevalier N. Low Dietary Fiber Intake Links Development of Obesity and Lupus Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696810. [PMID: 34335609 PMCID: PMC8320762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changed dietary habits in Western countries such as reduced fiber intake represent an important lifestyle factor contributing to the increase in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. The mode of action of beneficial fiber effects is not fully elucidated, but short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota have been implicated. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of dietary fiber on lupus pathology and to understand underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that in lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice low fiber intake deteriorates disease progression reflected in accelerated mortality, autoantibody production and immune dysregulation. In contrast to our original assumption, microbiota suppression by antibiotics or direct SCFA feeding did not influence the course of lupus-like disease. Mechanistically, our data rather indicate that in low fiber-fed mice, an increase in white adipose tissue mass, fat-inflammation and a disrupted intestinal homeostasis go along with systemic, low-grade inflammation driving autoimmunity. The links between obesity, intestinal leakage and low-grade inflammation were confirmed in human samples, while adaptive immune activation predominantly correlated with lupus activity. We further propose that an accelerated gastro-intestinal passage along with energy dilution underlies fiber-mediated weight regulation. Thus, our data highlight the often-overlooked effects of dietary fiber on energy homeostasis and obesity prevention. Further, they provide insight into how intricately the pathologies of inflammatory immune-mediated conditions, such as obesity and autoimmunity, might be interlinked, possibly sharing common pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoimmunity
- Case-Control Studies
- Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fiber/deficiency
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Middle Aged
- Nutritive Value
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Permeability
- Young Adult
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eichhorst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Hentze
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N. Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anaïs Amend
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dalina T. L. Sprenger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cara Fluhr
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Finzel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Arora P, Andersen D, Moll JM, Danneskiold-Samsøe NB, Xu L, Zhou B, Kladis G, Rausch P, Workman CT, Kristiansen K, Brix S. Small Intestinal Tuft Cell Activity Associates With Energy Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629391. [PMID: 34122403 PMCID: PMC8195285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the involvement of type 2 immune response-promoting intestinal tuft cells in metabolic regulation. We here examined the temporal changes in small intestinal tuft cell number and activity in response to high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and investigated the relation to whole-body energy metabolism and the immune phenotype of the small intestine and epididymal white adipose tissue. Intake of high fat diet resulted in a reduction in overall numbers of small intestinal epithelial and tuft cells and reduced expression of the intestinal type 2 tuft cell markers Il25 and Tslp. Amongst >1,700 diet-regulated transcripts in tuft cells, we observed an early association between body mass expansion and increased expression of the gene encoding the serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin. By contrast, tuft cell expression of genes encoding gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-receptors was coupled to Tslp and Il25 and reduced body mass gain. Combined, our results point to a possible role for small intestinal tuft cells in energy metabolism via coupled regulation of tuft cell type 2 markers and GABA signaling receptors, while being independent of type 2 immune cell involvement. These results pave the way for further studies into interventions that elicit anti-obesogenic circuits via small intestinal tuft cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Arora
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janne Marie Moll
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Georgios Kladis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher T. Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Beppu LY, Mooli RGR, Qu X, Marrero GJ, Finley CA, Fooks AN, Mullen ZP, Frias AB, Sipula I, Xie B, Helfrich KE, Watkins SC, Poholek AC, Ramakrishnan SK, Jurczak MJ, D’Cruz LM. Tregs facilitate obesity and insulin resistance via a Blimp-1/IL-10 axis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140644. [PMID: 33351782 PMCID: PMC7934851 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a critical cytokine used by immune cells to suppress inflammation. Paradoxically, immune cell-derived IL-10 can drive insulin resistance in obesity by suppressing adipocyte energy expenditure and thermogenesis. However, the source of IL-10 necessary for the suppression of adipocyte thermogenesis is unknown. We show here that CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a substantial source of IL-10 and that Treg-derived IL-10 can suppress adipocyte beiging. Unexpectedly, Treg-specific loss of IL-10 resulted in increased insulin sensitivity and reduced obesity in high-fat diet-fed male mice. Mechanistically, we determined that Treg-specific loss of the transcription factor Blimp-1, a driver of IL-10 expression by Tregs, phenocopied the Treg-specific IL-10-deficient mice. Loss of Blimp-1 expression in Tregs resulted in reduced ST2+KLRG1+, IL-10-secreting Tregs, particularly in the white adipose tissue. Blimp-1-deficient mice were protected from glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and diet-induced obesity, through increased white adipose tissue browning. Taken together, our data show that Blimp-1-regulated IL-10 secretion by Tregs represses white adipose tissue beiging to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Sipula
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine
| | | | | | - Amanda C. Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K. Ramakrishnan
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine
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Blaszkiewicz M, Wood E, Koizar S, Willows J, Anderson R, Tseng YH, Godwin J, Townsend KL. The involvement of neuroimmune cells in adipose innervation. Mol Med 2020; 26:126. [PMID: 33297933 PMCID: PMC7727151 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innervation of adipose tissue is essential for the proper function of this critical metabolic organ. Numerous surgical and chemical denervation studies have demonstrated how maintenance of brain-adipose communication through both sympathetic efferent and sensory afferent nerves helps regulate adipocyte size, cell number, lipolysis, and 'browning' of white adipose tissue. Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that promote neuron survival, regeneration, and plasticity, including neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. Peripheral immune cells have been shown to be a source of neurotrophic factors in humans and mice. Although a number of immune cells reside in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), it has remained unclear what roles they play in adipose innervation. We previously demonstrated that adipose SVF secretes brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS We now show that deletion of this neurotrophic factor from the myeloid lineage of immune cells led to a 'genetic denervation' of inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT), thereby causing decreased energy expenditure, increased adipose mass, and a blunted UCP1 response to cold stimulation. RESULTS We and others have previously shown that noradrenergic stimulation via cold exposure increases adipose innervation in the inguinal depot. Here we have identified a subset of myeloid cells that home to scWAT upon cold exposure and are Ly6C+ CCR2+ Cx3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages that express noradrenergic receptors and BDNF. This subset of myeloid lineage cells also clearly interacted with peripheral nerves in the scWAT and were therefore considered neuroimmune cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that these myeloid lineage, cold induced neuroimmune cells (CINCs) are key players in maintaining adipose innervation as well as promoting adipose nerve remodeling under noradrenergic stimulation, such as cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Blaszkiewicz
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wood
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Sigi Koizar
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Jake Willows
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Ryan Anderson
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Godwin
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- The Ohio State University, 1014 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Young JA, Henry BE, Benencia F, Bell S, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. GHR -/- Mice are protected from obesity-related white adipose tissue inflammation. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12854. [PMID: 32350959 PMCID: PMC7554100 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) excess in bovine (b)GH transgenic mice has been shown to alter white adipose tissue (WAT) immune cell populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GH resistance on WAT immune cell populations using GH receptor knockout (GHR-/- ) mice. Eight- and 24-month-old, male GHR-/- and wild-type mice were used. Body composition and tissue weights were determined, and systemic inflammation was assessed by measuring serum cytokine levels. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated from three distinct WAT depots, and immune cell populations were quantified using flow cytometry. GHR-/- mice at both ages had decreased body weight but were obese. Although no significant changes were observed in serum levels of the measured cytokines, SVF cell alterations were seen and differed from depot to depot. Total SVF cells were decreased in epidydimal (Epi) depots, whereas SVF cells per gram adipose tissue weight were increased in mesenteric (Mes) depots of GHR-/- mice relative to controls. T cells and T helper cells were increased in Mes at 8 months old, whereas cytotoxic T cells were decreased in subcutaneous (SubQ) at 24 months old. Other cells were unchanged at both ages measured. The present study demonstrates that removal of GH action results in modest and depot-specific changes to several immune cell populations in WAT of intra-abdominal depots (Epi and Mes), which are somewhat surprising results because the SubQ has the largest change in size, whereas the Mes has no size change. Taken together with previous results from bovine GH transgenic mice, these data suggest that GH induces changes in the immune cell population of WAT in a depot-specific manner. Notably, GHR-/- mice appear to be protected from age-related WAT inflammation and immune cell infiltration despite obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Brooke E. Henry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Stephen Bell
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Corresponding Author at: Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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6
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Du YX, Chen SN, Zhu HL, Niu X, Li J, Fan YW, Deng ZY. Consumption of Interesterified Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols Improves Lipid Metabolism and Reduces Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8255-8262. [PMID: 32643946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) were synthesized from rapeseed oil (RO), one kind of commonly used edible long-chain triacylglycerols (TGs), and then delivered to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Compared with RO, MLCT consumption exhibited more potent effects on reducing body and tissue weight gains, plasma TG, and total cholesterol (TC) levels and on improving hepatic TG, TC, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and lipoprteinlipase contents. Meanwhile, lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and endotoxin in plasma, lower levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α, and higher levels of interleukin-10 in both livers and white adipose tissues were detected in MLCT-fed rats. MLCT intake also remarkably suppressed the size of adipocytes and the number of macrophages. In conclusion, our study suggested that the interesterified MLCT was more efficacious in improving the lipid metabolism and inflammation in HFD-induced obese rats than RO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Sun-Ni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hong-Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xian Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ya-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Motoyama S, Yamada H, Yamamoto K, Wakana N, Terada K, Kikai M, Wada N, Saburi M, Sugimoto T, Kubota H, Miyawaki D, Kami D, Ogata T, Ibi M, Yabe-Nishimura C, Matoba S. Social Stress Increases Vulnerability to High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance by Enhancing Neutrophil Elastase Activity in Adipose Tissue. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040996. [PMID: 32316265 PMCID: PMC7226953 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stress (SS) has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR); however, the causal effect of SS on IR remains unclear. The 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to SS by housing with a larger CD-1 mouse in a shared home cage without physical contact for 10 consecutive days followed by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Control mice were housed in the same cage without a CD-1 mouse. After 6 weeks of HFD, insulin sensitivity was significantly impaired in stressed mice. While the percentage of classically activated macrophages in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) was equivalent between the two groups, the percentage of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly-6G)/neutrophil elastase (NE)-double positive cells markedly increased in stressed mice, accompanied by augmented NE activity assessed by ex vivo eWAT fluorescent imaging. Treatment with an NE inhibitor completely abrogated the insulin sensitivity impairment of stressed mice. In vitro NE release upon stimulation with a formyl peptide receptor 1 agonist was significantly higher in bone marrow neutrophils of stressed mice. Our findings show that SS-exposed mice are susceptible to the development of HFD-induced IR accompanied by augmented NE activity. Modulation of neutrophil function may represent a potential therapeutic target for SS-associated IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Motoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5511
| | - Keita Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kensuke Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kikai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Saburi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ibi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yabe-Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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8
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Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in white adipose tissue (WAT) energy homeostasis and, by extension, whole-body metabolism. Substantial evidence from mouse and human studies firmly establishes that insulin sensitivity deteriorates as a result of subclinical inflammation in the adipose tissue of individuals with diabetes. However, the relationship between adipose tissue expandability and immune cell infiltration remains a complex problem important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity. Notably, a large body of work challenges the idea that all immune responses are deleterious to WAT function. This review highlights recent advances that describe how immune cells and adipocytes coordinately enable WAT expansion and regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Sean M. Hartig, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM185, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
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9
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Corrêa LH, Heyn GS, Magalhaes KG. The Impact of the Adipose Organ Plasticity on Inflammation and Cancer Progression. Cells 2019; 8:E662. [PMID: 31262098 PMCID: PMC6679170 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic and low-grade systemic inflammation, an increase of adipose tissue, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of adipocytes. Adipose tissues can be classified into white, brown, beige and pink adipose tissues, which display different regulatory, morphological and functional characteristics of their adipocyte and immune cells. Brown and white adipocytes can play a key role not only in the control of energy homeostasis, or through the balance between energy storage and expenditure, but also by the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, brown and white adipocytes can orchestrate important immunological crosstalk that may deeply impact the tumor microenvironment and be crucial for cancer establishment and progression. Recent works have indicated that white adipose tissues can undergo a process called browning, in which an inducible brown adipocyte develops. In this review, we depict the mechanisms involved in the differential role of brown, white and pink adipocytes, highlighting their structural, morphological, regulatory and functional characteristics and correlation with cancer predisposition, establishment, and progression. We also discuss the impact of the increased adiposity in the inflammatory and immunological modulation. Moreover, we focused on the plasticity of adipocytes, describing the molecules produced and secreted by those cells, the modulation of the signaling pathways involved in the browning phenomena of white adipose tissue and its impact on inflammation and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/immunology
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adiposity/immunology
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Energy Metabolism/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Henrique Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Simões Heyn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
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10
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Zeng F, Wang Y, Kloepfer LA, Wang S, Harris RC. ErbB4 deletion predisposes to development of metabolic syndrome in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E583-E593. [PMID: 29944391 PMCID: PMC6230712 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ErbB4, a member of the EGF receptor family, plays a variety of roles in physiological and pathological states. Genetic studies have indicated a link between ErbB4 and type 2 diabetes and obesity, but its role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been reported. In the current study we found that mice with ErbB4 deletion developed MetS after 24 wk on a medium-fat diet (MFD), as indicated by development of obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, compared with wild-type mice. ErbB4 deletion mice also exhibited increased amounts of subcutaneous and visceral fat, with increased serum leptin levels, compared with wild-type mice, whereas levels of adiponectin were not significantly different. Histologically, severe inflammation, indicated by F4/80 immunostaining and M1 macrophage polarization, was detected in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue in ErbB4 deletion mice. ErbB4 expression decreased during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Administration of neuroregulin 4, a specific ligand for ErbB4, to 3T3-L1 adipocytes had no effect on adipogenesis and lipolysis but significantly inhibited lipogenesis, promoted browning, induced GLUT4 redistribution to the cell membrane, and increased glucose uptake. Neuroregulin 4 also significantly increased glucose uptake in adipocytes isolated from wild-type mice, while these effects were significantly decreased in adipocytes isolated from ErbB4 deletion mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that ErbB4 may play an important role in glucose homeostasis and lipogenesis. ErbB4 deficiency-related obesity and adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lance A Kloepfer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
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11
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Bu Y, Okunishi K, Yogosawa S, Mizuno K, Irudayam MJ, Brown CW, Izumi T. Insulin Regulates Lipolysis and Fat Mass by Upregulating Growth/Differentiation Factor 3 in Adipose Tissue Macrophages. Diabetes 2018; 67:1761-1772. [PMID: 29945891 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous genetic studies in mice have shown that functional loss of activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), a type I transforming growth factor-β receptor, increases lipolysis to resist fat accumulation in adipocytes. Although growth/differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) has been suggested to function as a ligand of ALK7 under nutrient-excess conditions, it is unknown how GDF3 production is regulated. Here, we show that a physiologically low level of insulin converts CD11c- adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) into GDF3-producing CD11c+ macrophages ex vivo and directs ALK7-dependent accumulation of fat in vivo. Depletion of ATMs by clodronate upregulates adipose lipases and reduces fat mass in ALK7-intact obese mice, but not in their ALK7-deficient counterparts. Furthermore, depletion of ATMs or transplantation of GDF3-deficient bone marrow negates the in vivo effects of insulin on both lipolysis and fat accumulation in ALK7-intact mice. The GDF3-ALK7 axis between ATMs and adipocytes represents a previously unrecognized mechanism by which insulin regulates both fat metabolism and mass.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/drug effects
- Growth Differentiation Factor 3/agonists
- Growth Differentiation Factor 3/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 3/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin/therapeutic use
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/therapy
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bu
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Okunishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satomi Yogosawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Maria Johnson Irudayam
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Chester W Brown
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Tetsuro Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Research Program for Signal Transduction, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Signal Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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Hoving LR, van der Zande HJP, Pronk A, Guigas B, Willems van Dijk K, van Harmelen V. Dietary yeast-derived mannan oligosaccharides have immune-modulatory properties but do not improve high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196165. [PMID: 29723205 PMCID: PMC5933760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The indigestible mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) derived from the outer cell wall of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown potential to reduce inflammation. Since inflammation is one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions, we aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with MOS on inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in lean and diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat diet (LFD) or a high fat diet (HFD) with, respectively, 10% or 45% energy derived from lard fat, with or without 1% MOS for 17 weeks. Body weight and composition were measured throughout the study. After 12 weeks of intervention, whole-body glucose tolerance was assessed and in week 17 immune cell composition was determined in mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) and liver by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. In LFD-fed mice, MOS supplementation induced a significant increase in the abundance of macrophages and eosinophils in mWAT. A similar trend was observed in hepatic macrophages. Although HFD feeding induced a classical shift from the anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages in both mWAT and liver from control mice, MOS supplementation had no effect on this obesity-driven immune response. Finally, MOS supplementation did not improve whole-body glucose homeostasis in both lean and obese mice.Altogether, our data showed that MOS had extra-intestinal immune modulatory properties in mWAT and liver. However these effects were not substantial enough to significantly ameliorate HFD-induced glucose intolerance or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Hoving
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Amanda Pronk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Okuno Y, Fukuhara A, Hashimoto E, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi S, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Oxidative Stress Inhibits Healthy Adipose Expansion Through Suppression of SREBF1-Mediated Lipogenic Pathway. Diabetes 2018; 67:1113-1127. [PMID: 29618580 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Okuno
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Hashimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Iyengar NM, Chen IC, Zhou XK, Giri DD, Falcone DJ, Winston LA, Wang H, Williams S, Lu YS, Hsueh TH, Cheng AL, Hudis CA, Lin CH, Dannenberg AJ. Adiposity, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Pathogenesis in Asian Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:227-236. [PMID: 29222346 PMCID: PMC5882588 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation in the breast, elevated levels of the estrogen biosynthetic enzyme, aromatase, and systemic changes that predispose to breast cancer development. We examined whether WAT inflammation and its associated systemic effects correlate with body fat levels in an Asian population where body mass index (BMI) is not an accurate assessment of obesity and cancer risk. We also investigated whether biologic differences could account for the greater proportion of premenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in Asian versus Western countries. Breast WAT and fasting blood were prospectively collected from Taiwanese women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. Body composition was measured in a subgroup using bioelectrical impedance analysis. WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of crown-like structures of the breast, which are composed of dead or dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages. Findings were compared with U.S. Caucasian women. In the Taiwanese cohort (n = 72), breast WAT inflammation was present in 31 (43%) women and was associated with elevated BMI (P < 0.01) and increased levels of body fat (P < 0.01), C-reactive protein (P = 0.02), triglycerides (P < 0.01), insulin resistance scores (P = 0.04), and lower HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01). ER+ tumors were associated with greater body fat versus other subtypes (P = 0.03). Compared with U.S. Caucasians (n = 267), Taiwanese women had larger breast adipocytes despite lower BMI after adjusting for BMI and menopausal status (P = 0.01). A subclinical inflammatory state associated with increased adiposity and metabolic dysfunction could contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis in Asian women. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 227-36. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Lisle A Winston
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Williams
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Hsin Hsueh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Sulaieva O, Chereshneva Y, Kartashkina N, Ivanova M, Tsomartova D. [SECRETORY FUNCTION OF WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND ADIPOKINES: BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (REVIEW)]. Georgian Med News 2018:116-124. [PMID: 29461239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to accumulation and metabolism of triglycerides, white adipose tissue is recognized as the active endocrine organ, whose dysfunction is associated with the development of a wide range of diseases. The secretome of adipocytes is represented by a wide range of adipokines, which vary in depot and sex-specific manner. In addition, adipokines have diverse biological effects, correlations with different metabolic features and functions. In this review, the data on biological effects, origin and the clinical significance of adipokines are discussed. The influence of adipokines on metabolism, sensitivity to insulin, vascular homeostasis, angiogenesis, repair, inflammation and immune cells are shown. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is accompanied with adipocytes hypertrophy and overproduction of such proinflammatory and proaterogenic molecules like resistin, visfatin, vaspin, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, lipocalin, glypican 4, RBP4 etc. There is a tight correlation between these adipokines level and development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiometabolic complications and cancer. Thus, adipokines represent a group of informative biomarkers for the diagnostics of metabolic disorders and the prediction of the outcome of the wide range of diseases. The study of the effects and mechanisms of the action of adipokines is the basis for determining new targets for therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipokines/genetics
- Adipokines/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Metabolome/immunology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/immunology
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Triglycerides/immunology
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sulaieva
- Pathomorphological laboratory "CSD Health Care", Kiev, Ukraine; Federal State Autonomous Institution for Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
| | - Y Chereshneva
- Pathomorphological laboratory "CSD Health Care", Kiev, Ukraine; Federal State Autonomous Institution for Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
| | - N Kartashkina
- Pathomorphological laboratory "CSD Health Care", Kiev, Ukraine; Federal State Autonomous Institution for Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
| | - M Ivanova
- Pathomorphological laboratory "CSD Health Care", Kiev, Ukraine; Federal State Autonomous Institution for Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
| | - D Tsomartova
- Pathomorphological laboratory "CSD Health Care", Kiev, Ukraine; Federal State Autonomous Institution for Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
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16
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Ohlsson C, Hammarstedt A, Vandenput L, Saarinen N, Ryberg H, Windahl SH, Farman HH, Jansson JO, Movérare-Skrtic S, Smith U, Zhang FP, Poutanen M, Hedjazifar S, Sjögren K. Increased adipose tissue aromatase activity improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adipose tissue inflammation in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E450-E462. [PMID: 28655716 PMCID: PMC5668598 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Females are, in general, more insulin sensitive than males. To investigate whether this is a direct effect of sex-steroids (SS) in white adipose tissue (WAT), we developed a male mouse model overexpressing the aromatase enzyme, converting testosterone (T) to estradiol (E2), specifically in WAT (Ap2-arom mice). Adipose tissue E2 levels were increased while circulating SS levels were unaffected in male Ap2-arom mice. Importantly, male Ap2-arom mice were more insulin sensitive compared with WT mice and exhibited increased serum adiponectin levels and upregulated expression of Glut4 and Irs1 in WAT. The expression of markers of macrophages and immune cell infiltration was markedly decreased in WAT of male Ap2-arom mice. The adipogenesis was enhanced in male Ap2-arom mice, supported by elevated Pparg expression in WAT and enhanced differentiation of preadipocyte into mature adipocytes. In summary, increased adipose tissue aromatase activity reduces adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity in male mice. We propose that estrogen increases insulin sensitivity via a local effect in WAT on adiponectin expression, adipose tissue inflammation, and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niina Saarinen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Department of Physiology, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen H Farman
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Department of Physiology, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Matti Poutanen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Department of Physiology, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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17
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Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) transplantation, although widely used in humans, has been done for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes only. Accumulating evidence indicates, however, that WAT is an important endocrine organ and, therefore, WAT transplantation may become valuable as a replacement therapy for a number of hereditary human diseases. Because the most readily available source for such transplantations would be allogeneic tissue, the mechanisms involved in the rejection of WAT allograft should be explored. We have established a model in which leptin-producing allogeneic WAT is transplanted into leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Because ob/ob mice are obese, hyperphagic, and hypothermic, WAT allograft function is monitored as the reversal of this leptin-deficient phenotype. Here we report that allografted WAT is primarily nonfunctional. However, when WAT is transplanted into immunodeficient (Rag1–/–) ob/ob mice, or into ob/ob mice depleted of T cells by anti-CD3 antibody, a long-term graft survival is achieved as indicated by the reversal of hyperphagia, weight loss, and normalization of body temperature. The symptoms of leptin deficiency rapidly recur when normal spleen cells of the recipient type are injected, or when the antibody treatment is terminated. In contrast, selective depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ cells alone does not prevent WAT allograft rejection. Similarly, WAT allografts that do not express MHC class I or class II molecules are rapidly rejected, suggesting that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may independently mediate WAT allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ablamunits
- Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's Hospital, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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18
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Brown KA, Iyengar NM, Zhou XK, Gucalp A, Subbaramaiah K, Wang H, Giri DD, Morrow M, Falcone DJ, Wendel NK, Winston LA, Pollak M, Dierickx A, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Menopause Is a Determinant of Breast Aromatase Expression and Its Associations With BMI, Inflammation, and Systemic Markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1692-1701. [PMID: 28323914 PMCID: PMC5443335 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Most estrogen-dependent breast cancers occur after menopause, despite low levels of circulating estrogens. Breast expression of the estrogen-biosynthetic enzyme, aromatase, is proposed to drive breast cancer development after menopause. However, the effects of menopause on breast aromatase expression are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of menopause on breast aromatase expression in relation to body mass index (BMI), white adipose tissue inflammation (WATi), and systemic markers of metabolic dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of 102 premenopausal (age 27 to 56) and 59 postmenopausal (age 45 to 74) women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer treatment/prevention. OUTCOME Breast tissue was assessed for the presence of crown-like structures and the expression and activity of aromatase. Systemic markers examined include interleukin (IL)-6, insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cholesterol, and triglycerides. Multivariable analysis was performed for aromatase messenger RNA (mRNA) in relation to BMI, WATi, and blood markers. RESULTS Postmenopausal women had higher BMI and more breast WATi than premenopausal women. Fasting levels of IL-6, glucose, leptin, hsCRP, and homeostatic model assessment 2 insulin resistance score were higher in the postmenopausal group. BMI was positively correlated with aromatase mRNA in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Aromatase levels were higher in breast tissue of postmenopausal women, with levels being higher in inflamed vs noninflamed, independent of BMI. Adipocyte diameter and levels of leptin, hsCRP, adiponectin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were more strongly correlated with aromatase in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Elevated aromatase in the setting of adipose dysfunction provides a possible mechanism for the higher incidence of hormone-dependent breast cancer in obese women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A. Brown
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Domenick J. Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Nils K. Wendel
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Lisle A. Winston
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Anneloor Dierickx
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Clifford A. Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
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19
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption perturbs lipid metabolism as it increases adipose tissue lipolysis and leads to ectopic fat deposition within the liver and the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition to the recognition of the role of adipose tissue derived fatty acids in liver steatosis, alcohol also impacts other functions of adipose tissue and lipid metabolism. Lipid balance in response to long-term alcohol intake favors adipose tissue loss and fatty acid efflux as lipolysis is upregulated and lipogenesis is either slightly decreased or unchanged. Study of the lipolytic and lipogenic pathways has identified several regulatory proteins modulated by alcohol that contribute to these effects. Glucose tolerance of adipose tissue is also impaired by chronic alcohol due to decreased glucose transporter-4 availability at the membrane. As an endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) releases several adipokines that are negatively modulated following chronic alcohol consumption including adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. When these effects are combined with the enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators that are induced by chronic alcohol, a proinflammatory state develops within WAT, contributing to the observed lipodystrophy. Lastly, while chronic alcohol intake may enhance thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT), definitive mechanistic evidence is currently lacking. Overall, both WAT and BAT depots are impacted by chronic alcohol intake and the resulting lipodystrophy contributes to fat accumulation in peripheral organs, thereby enhancing the pathological state accompanying chronic alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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20
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Ding X, Luo Y, Zhang X, Zheng H, Yang X, Yang X, Liu M. IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis in fat is induced by sympathetic tone and suppressed by obesity. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:35-48. [PMID: 27562191 PMCID: PMC5003423 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in white adipose tissue (WAT) promote WAT browning and assist in preventing the development of obesity. However, how ILC2 in adipose tissue is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, our study shows that ILC2s are present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as subcutaneous and epididymal WAT (sWAT and eWAT). The fractions of ILC2s, natural killer T (NKT) cells and eosinophils in sWAT, eWAT and BAT are significantly decreased by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. Consistent with this, the adipose expression and circulating levels of IL-33, a key inducing cytokine of ILC2, are significantly downregulated by obesity. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 markedly increases the fraction of ILC2 and eosinophil as well as the expression of UCP1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, cold exposure induces the expression levels of IL-33 and UCP1 and the population of ILC2 and eosinophil in sWAT, and these promoting effects of cold stress are reversed by neutralization of IL-33 signaling in vivo Moreover, the basal and cold-induced IL-33 and ILC2/eosinophil pathways are significantly suppressed by sympathetic denervation via local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in sWAT. Taken together, our data suggest that the ILC2/eosinophil axis in adipose tissue is regulated by sympathetic nervous system and obesity in IL-33-dependent manner, and IL-33-driven ILC2/eosinophil axis is implicated in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of ChinaCollege of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xuexian Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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21
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Ceddia RP, Lee D, Maulis MF, Carboneau BA, Threadgill DW, Poffenberger G, Milne G, Boyd KL, Powers AC, McGuinness OP, Gannon M, Breyer RM. The PGE2 EP3 Receptor Regulates Diet-Induced Adiposity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:220-32. [PMID: 26485614 PMCID: PMC4701878 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mice carrying a targeted disruption of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) gene, Ptger3, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or a micronutrient matched control diet, to investigate the effects of disrupted PGE2-EP3 signaling on diabetes in a setting of diet-induced obesity. Although no differences in body weight were seen in mice fed the control diet, when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice gained more weight relative to EP3(+/+) mice. Overall, EP3(-/-) mice had increased epididymal fat mass and adipocyte size; paradoxically, a relative decrease in both epididymal fat pad mass and adipocyte size was observed in the heaviest EP3(-/-) mice. The EP3(-/-) mice had increased macrophage infiltration, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6 expression, and necrosis in their epididymal fat pads as compared with EP3(+/+) animals. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(+/+) or EP3(-/-) mice were assayed for the effect of PGE2-evoked inhibition of lipolysis. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(-/-) mice lacked PGE2-evoked inhibition of isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis compared with EP3(+/+). EP3(-/-) mice fed HFD had exaggerated ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver, with evidence of hepatic steatosis. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were similar between genotypes on a control diet, but when fed HFD, EP3(-/-) mice became hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic when compared with EP3(+/+) fed HFD, demonstrating a more severe insulin resistance phenotype in EP3(-/-). These results demonstrate that when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice have abnormal lipid distribution, developing excessive ectopic lipid accumulation and associated insulin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cell Size
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophage Activation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Necrosis
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/immunology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ceddia
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DaeKee Lee
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Matthew F Maulis
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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22
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Liu Y, Ge X, Dou X, Guo L, Liu Y, Zhou SR, Wei XB, Qian SW, Huang HY, Xu CJ, Jia WP, Dang YJ, Li X, Tang QQ. Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects Against Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation Cascade in Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2015; 64:4061-74. [PMID: 26324179 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-level inflammation, especially in fat tissues, which contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Protein inhibitor of activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) modulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and DNA damage responses. Particularly, PIAS1 functions in the innate immune system and is a key regulator of the inflammation cascade. However, whether PIAS1 is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PIAS1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) was downregulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase in prediabetic mice models. Overexpression of PIAS1 in inguinal WAT of prediabetic mice significantly improved systemic insulin sensitivity, whereas knockdown of PIAS1 in wild-type mice led to insulin resistance. Mechanistically, PIAS1 inhibited the activation of stress-induced kinases and the expression of nuclear factor-κB target genes in adipocytes, mainly including proinflammatory and chemotactic factors. In doing so, PIAS1 inhibited macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, thus suppressing amplification of the inflammation cascade, which in turn improved insulin sensitivity. These results were further verified in a fat transplantation model. Our findings shed light on the critical role of PIAS1 in controlling insulin sensitivity and suggest a therapeutic potential of PIAS1 in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Disease, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Meakin PJ, Morrison VL, Sneddon CC, Savinko T, Uotila L, Jalicy SM, Gabriel JL, Kang L, Ashford MLJ, Fagerholm SC. Mice Lacking beta2-Integrin Function Remain Glucose Tolerant in Spite of Insulin Resistance, Neutrophil Infiltration and Inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138872. [PMID: 26405763 PMCID: PMC4583187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta2-integrins are important in leukocyte trafficking and function, and are regulated through the binding of cytoplasmic proteins, such as kindlin-3, to their intracellular domain. Here, we investigate the involvement of beta2-integrins in the regulation of metabolic disease using mice where the kindlin-3 binding site in the beta2-integrin cytoplasmic tail has been mutated (TTT/AAA-beta2-integrin knock-in (KI) mice), leading to expressed but dysfunctional beta2-integrins and significant neutrophilia in vivo. Beta2-integrin KI mice fed on a high fat diet showed normal weight gain, and normal accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver, but increased neutrophil numbers especially in WAT. In addition, beta2-integrin KI mice fed on a high fat diet showed significantly increased peripheral insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding. However, this was associated with improved glucose disposal following glucose load. Interestingly, beta2-integrin KI neutrophils produced more elastase in vitro, in response to stimulation. Beta2-integrin KI mice displayed variability of tissue inflammatory status, with liver and WAT exhibiting little or no difference in inflammation compared to high fat fed controls, whereas skeletal muscle demonstrated a raised inflammatory profile in association with higher elastase levels and diminished signalling through the IRS1-PKB pathway. In conclusion, although expression of dysfunctional beta2-integrins increased neutrophil production and infiltration into tissue, skeletal muscle was the most affected tissue exhibiting evidence of higher neutrophil activity and insulin resistance. Thus, beta2-integrins modulate glucose homeostasis during high fat feeding predominantly through actions on skeletal muscle to affect metabolic phenotype in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Meakin
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky L. Morrison
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claire C. Sneddon
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Terhi Savinko
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Uotila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susan M. Jalicy
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie L. Gabriel
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Li Kang
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. J. Ashford
- Divison of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SCF); (MLJA)
| | - Susanna C. Fagerholm
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (SCF); (MLJA)
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24
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Polari L, Yatkin E, Martínez Chacón MG, Ahotupa M, Smeds A, Strauss L, Zhang F, Poutanen M, Saarinen N, Mäkelä SI. Weight gain and inflammation regulate aromatase expression in male adipose tissue, as evidenced by reporter gene activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:123-30. [PMID: 26054748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation are associated with enhanced aromatization in women, but little is known about the regulation of aromatase (CYP19A1) gene expression in male WAT. We investigated the impact of weight gain and WAT inflammation on the regulation of CYP19A1 in males, by utilizing the hARO-Luc aromatase reporter mouse model containing a >100-kb 5'-region of the human CYP19A1 gene. We show that hARO-Luc reporter activity is enhanced in WAT of mice with increased adiposity and inflammation. Dexamethasone and TNFα, as well as forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, upregulate hARO-Luc activity, suggesting the involvement of promoters I.4 and I.3/II. Furthermore, we show that diet enriched with antioxidative plant polyphenols attenuates WAT inflammation and hARO-Luc activity in obese males. In conclusion, our data suggest that obesity-associated WAT inflammation leads to increased peripheral CYP19A1 expression in males, and that polyphenol-enriched diet may have the potential to attenuate excessive aromatization in WAT of obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M G Martínez Chacón
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Ahotupa
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Smeds
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - F Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - N Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - S I Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Bleau C, Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Lamontagne L. Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle as an early event in systemic low-grade inflammation and the development of obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:545-61. [PMID: 25352002 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, the etiology of this obesity-related pro-inflammatory process remains unclear. Most studies have focused on adipose tissue dysfunctions and/or insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells as well as changes in adipokine profile and macrophage recruitment as potential sources of inflammation. However, low-grade systemic inflammation probably involves a complex network of signals interconnecting several organs. Recent evidences have suggested that disturbances in the composition of the gut microbial flora and alterations in levels of gut peptides following the ingestion of a high-fat diet may be a cause of low-grade systemic inflammation that may even precede and predispose to obesity, metabolic disorders or type 2 diabetes. This hypothesis is appealing because the gastrointestinal system is first exposed to nutrients and may thereby represent the first link in the chain of events leading to the development of obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present review will summarize the latest advances interconnecting intestinal mucosal bacteria-mediated inflammation, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a coordinated circuitry favouring the onset of a high-fat diet-related systemic low-grade inflammation preceding obesity and predisposing to metabolic disorders and/or type 2 diabetes. A particular emphasis will be given to high-fat diet-induced alterations of gut homeostasis as an early initiator event of mucosal inflammation and adverse consequences contributing to the promotion of extended systemic inflammation, especially in adipose and muscular tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Enteritis/etiology
- Enteritis/immunology
- Enteritis/microbiology
- Enteritis/physiopathology
- Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myositis/etiology
- Myositis/immunology
- Myositis/microbiology
- Myositis/physiopathology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/microbiology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Panniculitis/microbiology
- Panniculitis/physiopathology
- Systemic Vasculitis/etiology
- Systemic Vasculitis/immunology
- Systemic Vasculitis/microbiology
- Systemic Vasculitis/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bleau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3P8
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3P8
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3P8
| | - Lucie Lamontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3P8
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26
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Inafuku M, Matsuzaki G, Oku H. Intravenous Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese, Diabetic ob/ob Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128676. [PMID: 26039731 PMCID: PMC4454685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune response profoundly influence metabolic syndrome and fatty acid metabolism. To analyze influence of systemic inflammatory response to metabolic syndrome, we inoculated an attenuated vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) into leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. BCG administration significantly decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight, serum insulin levels, and a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin level and HMW/total adiponectin ratio of the BCG treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. Hepatic triglyceride accumulation and macrovesicular steatosis were markedly alleviated, and the enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of lipogenic-related genes in liver were significantly decreased in the BCG injected mice. We also exposed human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells to high levels of palmitate, which enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene expression and impaired insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation (Ser473). BCG treatment ameliorated both of these detrimental events. The present study therefore suggested that BCG administration suppressed development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, at least partly, by alleviating fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Department of Tropical Bio-resources, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Department of Tropical Bio-resources, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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27
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Zhou J, Cheng M, Boriboun C, Ardehali MM, Jiang C, Liu Q, Han S, Goukassian DA, Tang YL, Zhao TC, Zhao M, Cai L, Richard S, Kishore R, Qin G. Inhibition of Sam68 triggers adipose tissue browning. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:181-9. [PMID: 25934704 PMCID: PMC4482239 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; molecular mechanisms that promote energy expenditure can be utilized for effective therapy. Src-associated in mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68) is potentially significant, because knockout (KO) of Sam68 leads to markedly reduced adiposity. In the present study, we sought to determine the mechanism by which Sam68 regulates adiposity and energy homeostasis. We first found that Sam68 KO mice have a significantly reduced body weight as compared to controls, and the difference is explained entirely by decreased adiposity. Interestingly, these effects were not mediated by a difference in food intake; rather, they were associated with enhanced physical activity. When they were fed a high-fat diet, Sam68 KO mice gained much less body weight and fat mass than their WT littermates did, and they displayed an improved glucose and insulin tolerance. In Sam68 KO mice, the brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal, and epididymal depots were smaller, and their adipocytes were less hypertrophied as compared to their WT littermates. The BAT of Sam68 KO mice exhibited reduced lipid stores and expressed higher levels of Ucp1 and key thermogenic and fatty acid oxidation genes. Similarly, depots of inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) in Sam68 KO mice appeared browner, their multilocular Ucp1-positive cells were much more abundant, and the expression of Ucp1, Cidea, Prdm16, and Ppargc1a genes was greater as compared to WT controls, which suggests that the loss of Sam68 also promotes WAT browning. Furthermore, in all of the fat depots of the Sam68 KO mice, the expression of M2 macrophage markers was up-regulated, and that of M1 markers was down-regulated. Thus, Sam68 plays a crucial role in controlling thermogenesis and may be targeted to combat obesity and associated disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipogenesis
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Cell Size
- Disease Resistance
- Energy Intake
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heterozygote
- Insulin Resistance
- Ion Channels/biosynthesis
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Motor Activity
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Thermogenesis
- Uncoupling Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhou
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chan Boriboun
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariam M Ardehali
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Changfei Jiang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuling Han
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Goukassian
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yao-Liang Tang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA Department of Cardiology Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Department of Biochemistry University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China GeneSys Research Institute CardioVascular Research Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Surgery Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Center for Translational Medicine Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Asrih M, Altirriba J, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jornayvaz FR. Ketogenic Diet Impairs FGF21 Signaling and Promotes Differential Inflammatory Responses in the Liver and White Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126364. [PMID: 25973847 PMCID: PMC4431718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Hypothesis Beside its beneficial effects on weight loss, ketogenic diet (KD) causes dyslipidemia, a pro-inflammatory state involved in the development of hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, although the latter is still being debated. Additionally, KD is known to increase fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plasma levels. However, FGF21 cannot initiate its beneficial actions on metabolism in these conditions. We therefore hypothesized and tested in the present study that KD may impair FGF21 signaling. Methods/Results Using indirect calorimetry, we found that KD-fed mice exhibited higher energy expenditure than regular chow (RC)-fed mice associated with increased Ucp1 levels in white adipose tissue (WAT), along with increased plasma FGF21 levels. We then assessed the effect of KD on FGF21 signaling in both the liver and WAT. We found that Fgfr4 and Klb (β-klotho) were downregulated in the liver, while Fgfr1 was downregulated in WAT of KD-fed mice. Because inflammation could be one of the mechanisms linking KD to impaired FGF21 signaling, we measured the expression levels of inflammatory markers and macrophage accumulation in WAT and liver and found an increased inflammation and macrophage accumulation in the liver, but surprisingly, a reduction of inflammation in WAT.We also showed that KD enhances lipid accumulation in the liver, which may explain hepatic inflammation and impaired Fgfr4 and Klb expression. In contrast, import of lipids from the circulation was significantly reduced in WAT of KD-fed mice, as suggested by a downregulation of Lpl and Cd36. This was further associated with reduced inflammation in WAT. Conclusion Altogether, these results indicate that KD could be beneficial for a given tissue but deleterious for another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asrih
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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29
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Abstract
In this issue of the journal, Brima et al. report thought-provoking research providing a potential evolutionary rationale whereby natural selection might have preserved genes that predispose to metabolic syndrome. When CD-1 mice were fed a high fat diet, this induced metabolic changes characteristic of metabolic syndrome. In addition, the high fat diet provided substantial protection from lethality due to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The authors hypothesize that the same genes predispose to both metabolic syndrome and protection against infectious disease. Thus, the selective advantage of not dying from infectious disease implicitly provides selective pressure predisposing to metabolic syndrome. This hypothesis follows a similar line of reasoning that has provided explanations for the survival of the HbS mutation for sickle cell disease and renal disease-associated genetic variants in apolipoprotein L1. Variants in these two genes provide protection from malaria and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon I. Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition University of
Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
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30
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Brima W, Eden DJ, Mehdi SF, Bravo M, Wiese MM, Stein J, Almonte V, Zhao D, Kurland I, Pessin JE, Zima T, Tanowitz HB, Weiss LM, Roth J, Nagajyothi F. The brighter (and evolutionarily older) face of the metabolic syndrome: evidence from Trypanosoma cruzi infection in CD-1 mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:346-359. [PMID: 25613819 PMCID: PMC4427523 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, results in chronic infection that leads to cardiomyopathy with increased mortality and morbidity in endemic regions. In a companion study, our group found that a high-fat diet (HFD) protected mice from T. cruzi-induced myocardial damage and significantly reduced post-infection mortality during acute T. cruzi infection. METHODS In the present study metabolic syndrome was induced prior to T. cruzi infection by feeding a high fat diet. Also, mice were treated with anti-diabetic drug metformin. RESULTS In the present study, the lethality of T. cruzi (Brazil strain) infection in CD-1 mice was reduced from 55% to 20% by an 8-week pre-feeding of an HFD to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. The addition of metformin reduced mortality to 3%. CONCLUSIONS It is an interesting observation that both the high fat diet and the metformin, which are known to differentially attenuate host metabolism, effectively modified mortality in T. cruzi-infected mice. In humans, the metabolic syndrome, as presently construed, produces immune activation and metabolic alterations that promote complications of obesity and diseases of later life, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Using an evolutionary approach, we hypothesized that for millions of years, the channeling of host resources into immune defences starting early in life ameliorated the effects of infectious diseases, especially chronic infections, such as tuberculosis and Chagas disease. In economically developed countries in recent times, with control of the common devastating infections, epidemic obesity and lengthening of lifespan, the dwindling benefits of the immune activation in the first half of life have been overshadowed by the explosion of the syndrome's negative effects in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center Health System, Bronx, NY
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel J. Eden
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Syed Faizan Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Michelle Bravo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Mohammad M. Wiese
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Joanna Stein
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
| | - Vanessa Almonte
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dazhi Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Irwin Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jeffrey E. Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tomas Zima
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Hempstead, NY
| | - Fnu Nagajyothi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Benencia F, Harshman S, Duran-Ortiz S, Lubbers ER, List EO, Householder L, Al-Naeeli M, Liang X, Welch L, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Male bovine GH transgenic mice have decreased adiposity with an adipose depot-specific increase in immune cell populations. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1794-803. [PMID: 25521584 PMCID: PMC4398765 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is composed of mature adipocytes and a stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which contains a variety of cells, including immune cells that vary among the different WAT depots. Growth hormone (GH) impacts immune function and adiposity in an adipose depot-specific manner. However, its effects on WAT immune cell populations remain unstudied. Bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice are commonly used to study the in vivo effects of GH. These giant mice have an excess of GH action, impaired glucose metabolism, decreased adiposity, increased lean mass, and a shortened lifespan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the WAT depot-specific differences in immune cell populations in the presence of excess GH in vivo. Three WAT depots were assessed: inguinal (sc), epididymal (EPI), and mesenteric (MES). Subcutaneous and MES bGH WAT depots showed a significantly higher number of total SVF cells, yet only MES bGH WAT had higher leukocyte counts compared with control samples. By means of flow cytometry analysis of the SVF, we detected greater macrophage and regulatory T-cell infiltration in sc and MES bGH WAT depots compared with controls. However, no differences were observed in the EPI WAT depot. RNA-sequencing confirmed significant alterations in pathways related to T-cell infiltration and activation in the sc depot with fewer significant changes in the EPI bGH WAT depot. These findings collectively point to a previously unrecognized role for GH in influencing the distribution of WAT immune cell populations in a depot-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (F.B., J.J.K., D.E.B.), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine; Russ College of Engineering and Technology (F.B.); Diabetes Institute (F.B., E.O.L., M.A.-N., J.J.K., D.E.B.); Edison Biotechnology Institute (S.H., S.D.-O., E.R.L., E.O.L., L.H., J.J.K., D.E.B.); School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness (S.H., S.D.-O., D.E.B.), College of Health Sciences and Professions; Department of Biological Sciences (M.A.-N.), Ohio University Zanesville; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (X.L., L.W.); and Biomedical Engineering Program (L.W.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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32
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Odle AK, Drew PD, Childs GV. Giant mice reveal new roles for GH in regulating the adipose immune microenvironment. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1613-5. [PMID: 25886070 PMCID: PMC4398772 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Odle
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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33
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Choi EK, Park HJ, Sul OJ, Rajasekaran M, Yu R, Choi HS. Carbon monoxide reverses adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance upon loss of ovarian function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E621-30. [PMID: 25714672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00458.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that carbon monoxide (CO) might suppress chronic inflammation, which led to metabolic disturbances. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in mice to mimic chronic inflammation secondary to loss of ovarian function. OVX increased fat mass and the infiltration of highly inflammatory CD11c cells into adipose tissue (AT), resulting in a disturbance of glucose metabolism. Treatment of CO attenuated these; CO decreased recruitment of CD11c-expressing cells in AT and reduced expression of CD11c in bone marrow-derived macrophages, protecting them from M1 polarization. Upregulated cGMP and decreased reactive oxygen species were responsible for the inhibitory activity of CO on CD11c expression; knockdown of soluble guanylate cyclase or heme oxygenase-1 using small interfering RNAs reduced this inhibition substantially. Improved OVX-induced insulin resistance (IR) by CO was highly associated with its activity to attenuate AT inflammation. Our results suggest a therapeutic value of CO to treat postmenopausal IR by reducing AT inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Aging
- Animals
- Antimetabolites/pharmacology
- Carbon Monoxide/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic GMP/agonists
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Female
- Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Guanylate Cyclase/genetics
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Insulin Resistance
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage
- Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology
- Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Ovariectomy/adverse effects
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Panniculitis/metabolism
- Panniculitis/pathology
- Panniculitis/prevention & control
- Prodrugs/administration & dosage
- Prodrugs/pharmacology
- Prodrugs/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Monisha Rajasekaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
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Sargent J. Immunology: ILC2s regulate obesity and drive beiging of white adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:131. [PMID: 25534196 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Hand LE, Usan P, Cooper GJS, Xu LY, Ammori B, Cunningham PS, Aghamohammadzadeh R, Soran H, Greenstein A, Loudon ASI, Bechtold DA, Ray DW. Adiponectin induces A20 expression in adipose tissue to confer metabolic benefit. Diabetes 2015; 64:128-36. [PMID: 25190567 PMCID: PMC4396702 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease, with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation emerging as a key underlying pathology. We detail that mice lacking Reverbα exhibit enhanced fat storage without the predicted increased WAT inflammation or loss of insulin sensitivity. In contrast to most animal models of obesity and obese human patients, Reverbα(-/-) mice exhibit elevated serum adiponectin levels and increased adiponectin secretion from WAT explants in vitro, highlighting a potential anti-inflammatory role of this adipokine in hypertrophic WAT. Indeed, adiponectin was found to suppress primary macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory fatty acids, and this suppression depended on glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation and induction of A20. Attenuated inflammatory responses in Reverbα(-/-) WAT depots were associated with tonic elevation of A20 protein and ex vivo shown to depend on A20. We also demonstrate that adipose A20 expression in obese human subjects exhibits a negative correlation with measures of insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss was accompanied by enhanced WAT A20 expression, which is positively correlated with increased serum adiponectin and improved metabolic and inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein. The findings identify A20 as a mediator of adiponectin anti-inflammatory action in WAT and a potential target for mitigating obesity-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hand
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Paola Usan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lance Y Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Basil Ammori
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - Reza Aghamohammadzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Handrean Soran
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Adam Greenstein
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | | | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
| | - David W Ray
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
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36
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Liu PS, Lin YW, Lee B, McCrady-Spitzer SK, Levine JA, Wei LN. Reducing RIP140 expression in macrophage alters ATM infiltration, facilitates white adipose tissue browning, and prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2014; 63:4021-31. [PMID: 24969109 PMCID: PMC4238008 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) recruitment and activation play a critical role in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). The mechanism regulating ATM activation and infiltration remains unclear. In this study, we found receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) can regulate the dynamics of ATM that contribute to adipose tissue remodeling. A high-fat diet (HFD) elevates RIP140 expression in macrophages. We generated mice with RIP140 knockdown in macrophages using transgenic and bone marrow transplantation procedures to blunt HFD-induced elevation in RIP140. We detected significant white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and improved systemic insulin sensitivity in these mice, particularly under an HFD feeding. These mice have decreased circulating monocyte population and altered ATM profile in WAT (a dramatic reduction in inflammatory classically activated macrophages [M1] and expansion in alternatively activated macrophages [M2]), which could improve HFD-induced IR. These studies suggest that reducing RIP140 expression in monocytes/macrophages can be a new therapeutic strategy in treating HFD-induced and inflammation-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Insulin Resistance/immunology
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Ste Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bomi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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37
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Costford SR, Castro-Alves J, Chan KL, Bailey LJ, Woo M, Belsham DD, Brumell JH, Klip A. Mice lacking NOX2 are hyperphagic and store fat preferentially in the liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1341-53. [PMID: 24760992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00089.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity and high-fat feeding lead to infiltration of immune cells into metabolic tissues, promoting inflammation and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that macrophages from mice lacking NOX2 (Cybb), an essential component of the NADPH oxidase complex highly expressed in immune cells and associated with their inflammatory response, would be less inflammatory and that these mice would be protected from the development of high-fat-induced insulin resistance. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from NOX2 knockout (NOX2-KO) mice expressed lower levels of inflammatory markers (Nos2, Il6); however, NOX2-KO mice were hyperphagic and gained more weight than wild-type (WT) mice when fed either a chow or a high-fat (HF) diet. Surprisingly, NOX2-KO mice stored less lipid in epididymal white adipose tissue but more lipid in liver and had higher indexes of liver inflammation and macrophage infiltration than WT mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, HF-fed NOX2-KO mice were hyperinsulinemic and more insulin resistant than HF-fed WT mice, likely as a result of their higher hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In summary, NOX2 depletion promoted hyperphagia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation with either normal or high-fat feeding, exacerbating insulin resistance. We propose that NOX2 participates in food intake control and lipid distribution in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Animals
- Appetite Regulation
- Appetitive Behavior
- Behavior, Animal
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Fatty Liver/complications
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Hyperphagia/immunology
- Hyperphagia/metabolism
- Hyperphagia/pathology
- Hyperphagia/physiopathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Castro-Alves
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenny L Chan
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liane J Bailey
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John H Brumell
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Huh JY, Park YJ, Ham M, Kim JB. Crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in obesity. Mol Cells 2014; 37:365-71. [PMID: 24781408 PMCID: PMC4044307 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings, notably on adipokines and adipose tissue inflammation, have revised the concept of adipose tissues being a mere storage depot for body energy. Instead, adipose tissues are emerging as endocrine and immunologically active organs with multiple effects on the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis. Notably, compared with other metabolic organs such as liver and muscle, various inflammatory responses are dynamically regulated in adipose tissues and most of the immune cells in adipose tissues are involved in obesity-mediated metabolic complications, including insulin resistance. Here, we summarize recent findings on the key roles of innate (neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils) and adaptive (regulatory T cells, type 1 helper T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells) immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in obesity. In particular, the roles of natural killer T cells, one type of innate lymphocyte, in adipose tissue inflammation will be discussed. Finally, a new role of adipocytes as antigen presenting cells to modulate T cell activity and subsequent adipose tissue inflammation will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Huh
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
| | | | - Mira Ham
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
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39
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Wu Y, Wu T, Wu J, Zhao L, Li Q, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Powis SH, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. Chronic inflammation exacerbates glucose metabolism disorders in C57BL/6J mice fed with high-fat diet. J Endocrinol 2013; 219:195-204. [PMID: 24029730 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory stress is closely related to metabolic disease and insulin resistance. The precise cellular mechanism linking obesity and diabetes is largely unknown, but about 14-20% of obese individuals develop diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether chronic inflammation exacerbated glucose metabolism disorder by impairing β cell function in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. We used s.c. casein injection to induce chronic inflammation in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice; 14 weeks on a HFD resulted in weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and low insulin sensitivity in these mice which nevertheless had normal blood glucose and serum inflammatory cytokines levels. Casein injection in the background of HFD elevated serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and serum amyloid A levels and increased TNFα and MCP1 expression in the adipose tissue, liver, and muscle of HFD-fed mice. Chronic inflammation induced by casein injection further decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in these mice. Islet mass and insulin content were markedly increased in HFD mice. However, in contrast with HFD-fed alone, chronic inflammation in HFD-fed mice decreased both islet mass and insulin content, reduced the genetic expression of insulin synthesis and secretion, and increased β cell apoptosis. We conclude that chronic inflammation exacerbated glucose metabolism disorders by impairing β cell function in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that this mechanism may operate in obese individuals with chronic inflammation, making them prone to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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40
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de las Heras N, Valero-Muñoz M, Ballesteros S, Gómez-Hernández A, Martín-Fernández B, Blanco-Rivero J, Cachofeiro V, Benito M, Balfagón G, Lahera V. Factors involved in rosuvastatin induction of insulin sensitization in rats fed a high fat diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1107-1114. [PMID: 23434394 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To investigate whether rosuvastatin can improve insulin sensitivity in overweight rats having a high fat diet (HFD). The potential mechanisms involved in this action were evaluated, including SIRT-1, other factors involved in glucose metabolism and stress signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups: (i) rats fed a standard diet (3.5% fat); (ii) rats fed a HFD (33.5% fat); and (iii) rats fed a HFD and treated with rosuvastatin (15 mg/kg/day). Evolution: 7 weeks. HFD rats showed increased body, epididymal and lumbar adipose tissue weights. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, glucose and insulin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were higher in HFD rats, and rosuvastatin treatment reduced them. SIRT-1, p53, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 protein levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) were lower, and JNK was higher in HFD rats compared to controls. Rosuvastatin treatment normalized expression of these mediators. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced in mesenteric rings from HFD rats compared to controls and rosuvastatin enhanced it in HFD rats. CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin treatment reduced insulin resistance without affecting body weight or WAT loss in HFD rats. Reduction of leptin and JNK, and enhancement of SIRT-1, p53, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 expression in WAT could contribute to insulin sensitization. Normalization of SIRT-1 expression in WAT could be considered a key novel mechanism that aids in explaining the beneficial effects of rosuvastatin on the amelioration of glucose metabolism and the arrangement of multiple signaling pathways participating in insulin resistance in overweight HFD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Romeo GR, Pae M, Eberlé D, Lee J, Shoelson SE. Profilin-1 haploinsufficiency protects against obesity-associated glucose intolerance and preserves adipose tissue immune homeostasis. Diabetes 2013; 62:3718-26. [PMID: 23884883 PMCID: PMC3806603 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previously, we showed that the actin-binding protein profilin-1 (pfn) plays a role in atherogenesis because pfn heterozygote mice (PfnHet) exhibited a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion burden and vascular inflammation. In the current study, we tested whether pfn haploinsufficiency would also limit diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). First, we found that a high-fat diet (HFD) upregulated pfn expression in epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) but not in the liver or muscle of C57BL/6 mice compared with normal chow. Pfn expression in WAT correlated with F4/80, an established marker for mature macrophages. Of note, HFD elevated pfn protein levels in both stromal vascular cells and adipocytes of WAT. We also found that PfnHet were significantly protected from HFD-induced glucose intolerance observed in pfn wild-type mice. With HFD, PfnHet displayed blunted expression of systemic and WAT proinflammatory cytokines and decreased accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages, which were also preferentially biased toward an M2-like phenotype; this correlated with preserved frequency of regulatory T cells. Taken together, the findings indicate that pfn haploinsufficiency protects against diet-induced IR and inflammation by modulating WAT immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio R. Romeo
- Corresponding author: Giulio R. Romeo, , or Steven E. Shoelson,
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42
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Tajima K, Nakamura A, Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Orime K, Sato K, Inoue H, Kaji M, Sakamoto E, Ito Y, Aoki K, Nagashima Y, Atsumi T, Terauchi Y. Metformin prevents liver tumorigenesis induced by high-fat diet in C57Bl/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E987-98. [PMID: 23964070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing with the growing epidemics of obesity and diabetes. NAFLD encompasses a clinicopathologic spectrum of disease ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to NASH, which is a more aggressive form of fatty liver disease, to cirrhosis and, finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact mechanism behind the development of HCC in NASH remains unclear; however, it has been established that hepatic steatosis is the important risk factor in the development of HCC. Metformin has recently drawn attention because of its potential antitumor effect. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver tumorigenesis, using a mouse model of NASH and liver tumor. Metformin prevented long-term HFD-induced liver tumorigenesis in C57Bl/6 mice. Of note, metformin failed to protect against liver tumorigenesis in mice that had already begun to develop NAFLD. Metformin improved short-term HFD-induced fat accumulation in the liver, associated with the suppression of adipose tissue inflammation. Collectively, these results suggest that metformin may prevent liver tumorigenesis via suppression of liver fat accumulation in the early stage, before the onset of NAFLD, which seems to be associated with a delay in the development of inflammation of the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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43
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Abstract
Elevated nighttime light exposure is associated with symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In industrialized societies, high-fat diet (HFD) and exposure to light at night (LAN) often cooccur and may contribute to the increasing obesity epidemic. Thus, we hypothesized that dim LAN (dLAN) would provoke additional and sustained body mass gain in mice on a HFD. Male mice were housed in either a standard light/dark cycle or dLAN and fed either chow or HFD. Exposure to dLAN and HFD increase weight gain, reduce glucose tolerance, and alter insulin secretion as compared with light/dark cycle and chow, respectively. The effects of dLAN and HFD appear additive, because mice exposed to dLAN that were fed HFD display the greatest increases in body mass. Exposure to both dLAN and HFD also change the timing of food intake and increase TNFα and MAC1 gene expression in white adipose tissue after 4 experimental weeks. Changes in MAC1 gene expression occur more rapidly due to HFD as compared with dLAN; after 5 days of experimental conditions, mice fed HFD already increase MAC1 gene expression in white adipose tissue. HFD also elevates microglia activation in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and hypothalamic TNFα, IL-6, and Ikbkb gene expression. Microglia activation is increased by dLAN, but only among chow-fed mice and dLAN does not affect inflammatory gene expression. These results suggest that dLAN exaggerates weight gain and peripheral inflammation associated with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fonken
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 636 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
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Porez G, Gross B, Prawitt J, Gheeraert C, Berrabah W, Alexandre J, Staels B, Lefebvre P. The hepatic orosomucoid/α1-acid glycoprotein gene cluster is regulated by the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3690-701. [PMID: 23861371 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The α-1-acid glycoprotein/orosomucoids (ORMs) are members of the lipocalin protein family. Encoded by 3 polymorphic genes in mouse (2 in man, 1 in rat), ORMs are expressed in hepatocytes and function as acute-phase proteins secreted in plasma under stressful conditions. In addition to their role of nanocarrier, ORMs are involved in several pathophysiological processes such as immunosuppression, cardioprotection, and inflammatory bowel disease. The nuclear bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid and glucose metabolism and is an important modulator of enterohepatic functions. Here we report that hepatic FXR deletion in mice affects the expression of several members of the lipocalin family, among which ORMs are identified as direct FXR target genes. Indeed, a FXR response element upstream of the mouse Orm1 promoter was identified to which hepatic, but not ileal, FXR can bind and activate ORM expression in vitro and in vivo. However, ORMs are regulated in a species-specific manner because the ORM cluster is regulated by FXR neither in human nor rat cell lines. Consistent with these data, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of the FXR genomic binding sites did not detect any FXR response element in the vicinity of the human or rat ORM gene cluster. Thus, bile acids and their cognate nuclear receptor, FXR, are regulators of ORM expression, with potential implications for the species-specific metabolic and inflammation control by FXR because the expression of the proinflammatory genes in epididymal white adipose tissue was dependent on liver FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Porez
- PhD, Director, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Atherosclerosis, Boulevard Du Pr Leclerc, Batiment J&K, Faclte De Medecine De Lille, Lille 59000, France.
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45
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Guo H, Bazuine M, Jin D, Huang MM, Cushman SW, Chen X. Evidence for the regulatory role of lipocalin 2 in high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue remodeling in male mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3525-38. [PMID: 23885013 PMCID: PMC3776868 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) has previously been characterized as an adipokine/cytokine playing a role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we investigate the role of Lcn2 in adipose tissue remodeling during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We find that Lcn2 protein is highly abundant selectively in inguinal adipose tissue. During 16 weeks of HFD feeding, the inguinal fat depot expanded continuously, whereas the expansion of the epididymal fat depot was reduced in both wild-type (WT) and Lcn2(-/-) mice. Interestingly, the depot-specific effect of HFD on fat mass was exacerbated and appeared more pronounced and faster in Lcn2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. In Lcn2(-/-) mice, adipocyte hypertrophy in both inguinal and epididymal adipose tissue was more profoundly induced by age and HFD when compared with WT mice. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein was significantly down-regulated, whereas the gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins was up-regulated selectively in epididymal adipocytes of Lcn2(-/-) mice. Consistent with these observations, collagen deposition was selectively higher in the epididymal, but not in the inguinal adipose depot of Lcn2(-/-) mice. Administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) restored adipogenic gene expression. However, Lcn2 deficiency did not alter the responsiveness of adipose tissue to Rosi effects on the extracellular matrix expression. Rosi treatment led to the further enlargement of adipocytes with improved metabolic activity in Lcn2(-/-) mice, which may be associated with a more pronounced effect of Rosi treatment in reducing TGF-β in Lcn2(-/-) adipose tissue. Consistent with these in vivo observations, Lcn2 deficiency reduces the adipocyte differentiation capacity of stromal-vascular cells isolated from HFD-fed mice in these cells. Herein Rosi treatment was again able to stimulate adipocyte differentiation to a similar extent in WT and Lcn2(-/-) inguinal and epididymal stromal-vascular cells. Thus, combined, our data indicate that Lcn2 has a depot-specific role in HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55108-1038.
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Gadang V, Kohli R, Myronovych A, Hui DY, Perez-Tilve D, Jaeschke A. MLK3 promotes metabolic dysfunction induced by saturated fatty acid-enriched diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E549-56. [PMID: 23860122 PMCID: PMC3891220 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00197.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids activate the c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation and the development of insulin resistance. Mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that mediates JNK activation in response to saturated fatty acids in vitro; however, the exact mechanism for diet-induced JNK activation in vivo is not known. Here, we have used MLK3-deficient mice to examine the role of MLK3 in a saturated-fat diet model of obesity. MLK3-KO mice fed a high-fat diet enriched in medium-chain saturated fatty acids for 16 wk had decreased body fat compared with wild-type (WT) mice due to increased energy expenditure independently of food consumption and physical activity. Moreover, MLK3 deficiency attenuated palmitate-induced JNK activation and M1 polarization in bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, and obesity induced JNK activation, macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. In addition, loss of MLK3 improved insulin resistance and decreased hepatic steatosis. Together, these data demonstrate that MLK3 promotes saturated fatty acid-induced JNK activation in vivo and diet-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gadang
- Department of Pathology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract
With increasing lifespan, therapeutic interventions for the treatment of disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are in great demand. Despite billions of dollars invested to reduce the symptoms and complications due to diabetes mellitus, current treatments (e.g., insulin replacements, sensitization) remain inadequate, justifying the search for novel therapeutic approaches or alternative solutions, including dietary supplementation, for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in every age group. The involvement of the vanilloid system in the regulation of metabolism has been identified, and the emerging role of its receptors, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), in diabetes was recently demonstrated. Indeed, beneficial effects of dietary capsaicin, an agonist of TRPV1 receptors, were identified for improving glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. Recent findings regarding TRPV1 receptors in association with whole body metabolism including glucose homeostasis will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, Endocrinology Section, Tulane University, School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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48
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Turcu AF, Kumar S, Neumann S, Coenen M, Iyer S, Chiriboga P, Gershengorn MC, Bahn RS. A small molecule antagonist inhibits thyrotropin receptor antibody-induced orbital fibroblast functions involved in the pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2153-9. [PMID: 23482611 PMCID: PMC3644605 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased adipogenesis and hyaluronan (HA) production by orbital fibroblasts. Circulating autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating antibodies [TSAbs]) directed at the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on these cells stimulate or augment these cellular processes. A recently developed drug-like small molecule inverse agonist of TSHR, NCGC00229600, termed 1, binds to TSHR and blocks basal and stimulated signal transduction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to determine whether 1 might inhibit HA production and relevant signaling pathways in orbital fibroblasts cultured in the presence of monoclonal TSAbs or bovine TSH (bTSH). DESIGN Primary cultures of undifferentiated GO orbital fibroblasts (n = 13) were untreated or treated with a TSAb (M22 or MS-1) or bTSH in serum-free medium, with or without 1 or a TSHR neutral antagonist, NCGC00242595, termed 2, which does not inhibit basal signaling but does inhibit stimulated signaling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES cAMP production, Akt phosphorylation (Ser473pAkt in media and immunoblotting for pAkt/total Akt), and HA production were analyzed. RESULTS Compound 1 inhibited basal cAMP, pAkt, and HA production and that stimulated by M22 in undifferentiated orbital fibroblasts. Inhibition of HA production was dose-dependent, with a half-maximal inhibitory dose of 830 nM. This compound also inhibited MS-1- and bTSH-stimulated cAMP, pAkt, and HA production. Compound 2 did not inhibit basal HA production but did inhibit M22-stimulated HA production. CONCLUSIONS Because cAMP, pAkt, and HA production are fibroblast functions that are activated via TSHR signaling and are important in the pathogenesis of GO, small molecule TSHR antagonists may prove to be effective in the treatment or prevention of the disease in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Cell Dedifferentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Eye/drug effects
- Eye/immunology
- Eye/metabolism
- Eye/pathology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/drug therapy
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/immunology
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/metabolism
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology
- Humans
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Quinazolinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/agonists
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thyrotropin/agonists
- Thyrotropin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thyrotropin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina F Turcu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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49
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Montgomery MK, Hallahan NL, Brown SH, Liu M, Mitchell TW, Cooney GJ, Turner N. Mouse strain-dependent variation in obesity and glucose homeostasis in response to high-fat feeding. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1129-39. [PMID: 23423668 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metabolic disorders are commonly investigated using knockout and transgenic mouse models. A variety of mouse strains have been used for this purpose. However, mouse strains can differ in their inherent propensities to develop metabolic disease, which may affect the experimental outcomes of metabolic studies. We have investigated strain-dependent differences in the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in five commonly used inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, BALB/c, DBA/2 and FVB/N). METHODS Mice were fed either a low-fat or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Whole-body energy expenditure and body composition were then determined. Tissues were used to measure markers of mitochondrial metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. RESULTS BL6, 129X1, DBA/2 and FVB/N mice were all susceptible to varying degrees to HFD-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, but BALB/c mice exhibited some protection from these detrimental effects. This protection could not be explained by differences in mitochondrial metabolism or oxidative stress in liver or muscle, or inflammation in adipose tissue. Interestingly, in contrast with the other strains, BALB/c mice did not accumulate excess lipid (triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols) in the liver; this is potentially related to lower fatty acid uptake rather than differences in lipogenesis or lipid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Collectively, our findings indicate that most mouse strains develop metabolic defects on an HFD. However, there are inherent differences between strains, and thus the genetic background needs to be considered carefully in metabolic studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Susceptibility
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/immunology
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/pathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Random Allocation
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Montgomery
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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50
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Feng RN, Niu YC, Sun XW, Li Q, Zhao C, Wang C, Guo FC, Sun CH, Li Y. Histidine supplementation improves insulin resistance through suppressed inflammation in obese women with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2013; 56:985-94. [PMID: 23361591 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disorders. Serum histidine levels are lower and are negatively associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of histidine supplementation on IR, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in obese women with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 100 obese women aged 33-51 years with BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² and diagnosed with MetS were included following a health examination in the community hospital in this randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were allocated to interventions by an investigator using sequentially numbered sealed envelopes and received 4 g/day histidine (n = 50) or identical placebo (n = 50) for 12 weeks. Participants then attended the same clinic every 2 weeks for scheduled interviews and to count tablets returned. Serum histidine, HOMA-IR, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, serum NEFA, and variables connected to inflammation and oxidative stress were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Participants, examining physicians and investigators assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. In addition, the inflammatory mechanisms of histidine were also explored in adipocytes. RESULTS At 12 weeks, a total of 92 participants completed this trail. Compared with the placebo group (n = 47), histidine supplementation significantly decreased HOMA-IR (-1.09 [95% CI -1.49, -0.68]), BMI (-0.86 kg/m² [95% CI -1.55, -0.17]), waist circumference (-2.86 cm [95% CI -3.86, -1.86]), fat mass (-2.71 kg [95% CI -3.69, -1.73]), serum NEFA (-173.26 μmol/l [95% CI -208.57, -137.94]), serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, -3.96 pg/ml [95% CI -5.29, -2.62]; IL-6, -2.15 pg/ml [95% CI -2.52, -1.78]), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, 17.84 U/ml [95% CI 15.03, 20.65]; glutathione peroxidase, 13.71 nmol/ml [95% CI 9.65, 17.78]) and increased serum histidine and adiponectin by 18.23 μmol/l [95% CI 11.74, 24.71] and 2.02 ng/ml [95% CI 0.60, 3.44] in histidine supplementation group (n = 45), respectively. There were significant correlations between changes in serum histidine and changes of IR and its risk factors. No side effects were observed during the intervention. In vitro study indicated that histidine suppresses IL6 and TNF mRNA expression and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) protein production in palmitic acid-induced adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and these changes were diminished by an inhibitor of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Histidine supplementation could improve IR, reduce BMI, fat mass and NEFA and suppress inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women with MetS; histidine could improve IR through suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, possibly by the NF-κB pathway, in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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