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Marcos-Contreras OA, Myerson JW, Nong J, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR, Glassman PM. Effective Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis with Albumin-Thrombin Inhibitor Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5476-5485. [PMID: 37823223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Thromboprophylaxis is indicated in patients at an elevated risk of developing thrombotic disorders, typically using direct oral anticoagulants or low-molecular-weight heparins. We postulated that transient thromboprophylaxis (days-weeks) could be provided by a single dose of an anticoagulant engineered for prolonged pharmacokinetics. In the present work, d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-arginine chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) was used as a model anticoagulant to test the hypothesis that conjugation of thrombin inhibitors to the surface of albumin would provide durable protection against thrombotic insults. Covalent conjugates were formed between albumin and PPACK using click chemistry, and they were tested in vitro using a thrombin activity assay and a clot formation assay. Thromboprophylactic efficacy was tested in mouse models of arterial thrombosis, both chemically induced (FeCl3) and following ischemia-reperfusion (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; tMCAO). Albumin-PPACK conjugates were shown to have nanomolar potency in both in vitro assays, and following intravenous injection had prolonged circulation. Conjugates did not impact hemostasis (tail clipping) or systemic coagulation parameters in normal mice. Intravenous injection of conjugates prior to FeCl3-induced thrombosis provided significant protection against occlusion of the middle cerebral and common carotid arteries, and injection immediately following ischemia-reperfusion reduced stroke volume measured 3 days after injury by ∼40% in the tMCAO model. The data presented here provide support for the use of albumin-linked anticoagulants as an injectable, long-circulating, safe thromboprophylactic agent. In particular, albumin-PPACK provides significant protection against thrombosis induced by multiple mechanisms, without adversely affecting hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jia Nong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacob Samuel Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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2
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Zhong Y, Zhang ZH, Wang JY, Xing Y, Ri MH, Jin HL, Zuo HX, Li MY, Ma J, Jin X. Zinc finger protein 91 mediates necroptosis by initiating RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL signal transduction in response to TNF receptor 1 ligation. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:75-88. [PMID: 34942311 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of regulated programmed cell death that is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL); however, it is not known whether zinc finger protein 91 (ZFP91) is involved in this process. Here, we investigated ZFP91 as a potential mediator of necroptosis. Our mechanistic study demonstrates that ZFP91 promotes RIPK1-RIPK3 interaction, thereby stabilizing the RIPK1 and RIPK3 proteins and facilitating necroptosis. ZFP91 stabilized RIPK1 to promote cell death by inducing RIPK1 de-ubiquitination. ZFP91 also significantly increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS promoted RIPK3-independent necroptosis triggered by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). in vivo, ZFP91 knockdown alleviated TNFα-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). These results provide direct evidence that ZFP91 plays an important role in the initiation of RIPK1/RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in vitro and in vivo. We discussed the potential of ZFP91 as a novel therapeutic target for necroptosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, China
| | - Jing Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Yapasert R, Khaw-on P, Banjerdpongchai R. Coronavirus Infection-Associated Cell Death Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Molecules 2021; 26:7459. [PMID: 34946543 PMCID: PMC8706825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is the name of the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that occurred in 2019. The virus-host-specific interactions, molecular targets on host cell deaths, and the involved signaling are crucial issues, which become potential targets for treatment. Spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cathepsin L-cysteine peptidase, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), open reading frame 7a (ORF7a), viral main protease (3C-like protease (3CLpro) or Mpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (Nsp12), non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) helicase, and papain-like proteinase (PLpro) are molecules associated with SARS-CoV infection and propagation. SARS-CoV-2 can induce host cell death via five kinds of regulated cell death, i.e., apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and PANoptosis. The mechanisms of these cell deaths are well established and can be disrupted by synthetic small molecules or natural products. There are a variety of compounds proven to play roles in the cell death inhibition, such as pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) for apoptosis, necrostatin-1 for necroptosis, MCC950, a potent and specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis, and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, which can mitigate the corresponding cell death pathways. However, NF-κB signaling is another critical anti-apoptotic or survival route mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Such signaling promotes viral survival, proliferation, and inflammation by inducing the expression of apoptosis inhibitors such as Bcl-2 and XIAP, as well as cytokines, e.g., TNF. As a result, tiny natural compounds functioning as proteasome inhibitors such as celastrol and curcumin can be used to modify NF-κB signaling, providing a responsible method for treating SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The natural constituents that aid in inhibiting viral infection, progression, and amplification of coronaviruses are also emphasized, which are in the groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, and anthraquinones. Natural constituents derived from medicinal herbs have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, as well as inhibitory effects, on the viral life cycle, including viral entry, replication, assembly, and release of COVID-19 virions. The phytochemicals contain a high potential for COVID-19 treatment. As a result, SARS-CoV-2-infected cell death processes and signaling might be of high efficacy for therapeutic targeting effects and yielding encouraging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittibet Yapasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Patompong Khaw-on
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Yu C, Lei Z, Li X, Huang LH, Li ZQ, Zhu HW, Han D, Huang H, Yu X. Role of HMGB1 in TNF-α Combined with Z-VAD-fmk-Induced L929 Cells Necroptosis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:598-610. [PMID: 34327615 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study established a necroptosis model in vitro and investigated the role of HMGB1 in cell necroptosis. A combination of tumor necrosis factor-α and z-VAD-fmk was used to induce necroptosis in L929 cells with necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 applied as an intervention. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to measure cell necroptosis. Western blotting assay was applied to detect the expression of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) and HMGB1. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to confirm the interaction between HMGB1 and RIPK3. Our study demonstrated that HMGB1 migrated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at the onset of necroptosis and was subsequently released passively to the extracellular matrix. Further experiments determined that the binding of HMGB1 with RIPK3 in the cytoplasm was loose during necroptosis. By contrast, when necroptosis was inhibited, the interaction in the cytoplasm was tight suggesting that this association between HMGB1 and RIPK3 might affect its occurrence. In conclusion, the transfer of HMGB1 from nucleus to cytoplasm, and its interaction with RIPK3 might be potentially involved in necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yu
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Han
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Departments of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Milligan JC, Zeisner TU, Papageorgiou G, Joshi D, Soudy C, Ulferts R, Wu M, Lim CT, Tan KW, Weissmann F, Canal B, Fujisawa R, Deegan T, Nagaraj H, Bineva-Todd G, Basier C, Curran JF, Howell M, Beale R, Labib K, O'Reilly N, Diffley JF. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of Nsp5 main protease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2499-2515. [PMID: 34198327 PMCID: PMC8286836 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread around the world with unprecedented health and socio-economic effects for the global population. While different vaccines are now being made available, very few antiviral drugs have been approved. The main viral protease (nsp5) of SARS-CoV-2 provides an excellent target for antivirals, due to its essential and conserved function in the viral replication cycle. We have expressed, purified and developed assays for nsp5 protease activity. We screened the nsp5 protease against a custom chemical library of over 5000 characterised pharmaceuticals. We identified calpain inhibitor I and three different peptidyl fluoromethylketones (FMK) as inhibitors of nsp5 activity in vitro, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. By altering the sequence of our peptidomimetic FMK inhibitors to better mimic the substrate sequence of nsp5, we generated an inhibitor with a subnanomolar IC50. Calpain inhibitor I inhibited viral infection in monkey-derived Vero E6 cells, with an EC50 in the low micromolar range. The most potent and commercially available peptidyl-FMK compound inhibited viral growth in Vero E6 cells to some extent, while our custom peptidyl FMK inhibitor offered a marked antiviral improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Milligan
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Theresa U. Zeisner
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - George Papageorgiou
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Christelle Soudy
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Chew Theng Lim
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Kang Wei Tan
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Berta Canal
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Tom Deegan
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Hema Nagaraj
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Ganka Bineva-Todd
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Clovis Basier
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Joseph F. Curran
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Karim Labib
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - John F.X. Diffley
- Chromosome Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
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6
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Chen W, Su G, Xu Y, Guo W, Bhansali R, Pan B, Kong Q, Cheng H, Cao J, Qi K, Zhu F, Li M, Zhu S, Zeng L, Li Z, Wu Q, Xu K. Caspase-1 inhibition ameliorates murine acute graft versus host disease by modulating the Th1/Th17/Treg balance. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107503. [PMID: 33647825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated Caspase-1 signaling in driving the proinflammatory state of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD). Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of Caspase-1 in in murine models of aGVHD through specific inhibition of its activity with the decoy peptide Ac-YVAD-CMK. We transplanted bone marrow from donor C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice into recipient BALB/c (H-2Kd) mice and randomized the recipients into the following treatment cohorts: (1) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and splenic cell infusion control (PBS group); (2) low dose Ac-YVAD-CMK (AC low group); (3) and high dose Ac-YVAD-CMK (AC high group). Indeed, we observed that Caspase-1 inhibition by Ac-YVAD-CMK ameliorated pathological damage and inflammation in the liver, lungs, and colon elicited by aGVHD. This was associated with reduced mortality secondary to aGVHD. Mechanistically, we found that Caspase-1 inhibition modulated donor T cell expansion, restored the balance of Th1/Th17/Treg subsets, and markedly decreased serum levels and aGVHD target organ mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and HMGB1. Thus, we demonstrate that inhibition of Caspase-1 by Ac-YVAD-CMK mitigates murine aGVHD by regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance and attenuating its characteristic proinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - GuiZhen Su
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wentong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rahul Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - QingLing Kong
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Hai Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - KunMing Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Li
- Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShengYun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - LingYu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhenYu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - KaiLin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Wang Q, Hu R, Li W, Tai Y, Gu W, Das BC, Yang F, Ji J, Wang C, Zhou J. BF175 inhibits endometrial carcinoma through SREBP-regulated metabolic pathways in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111135. [PMID: 33359761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated lipogenesis is an important metabolic hallmark of rapidly proliferating tumor such as endometrial carcinoma (EC). The sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a master regulator of lipogenesis and involved in EC proliferation. BF175 is a novel chemical inhibitor of SREBP pathway, and has shown potent anti-lipogenic effects. However, the effect of BF175 on EC cells are yet to be determined. In the present study, we found that BF175 decreased cell viability, colony formation and migratory capacity, inducing autophagy and mitochondrial related apoptosis in EC cell line AN3CA. Z-VAD-FMK partially attenuated the effect of BF175 on AN3CA. In addition, BF175 significantly downregulated SREBPs and their downstream genes. The levels of free fatty acids and total cholesterol were also inhibited. Microarray analysis suggested BF175 treatment obviously affected lipid metabolic pathways in EC. Taken together, we validated BF175 exhibited anti-tumor activity by targeting SREBP-dependent lipogenesis and inducing apoptosis which mitochondrial pathway involved in, suggesting that it's potential as a novel therapeutic reagent for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruofan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Junyuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Colleage of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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8
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Puchol Tarazona AA, Maresch D, Grill A, Bakalarz J, Torres Acosta JA, Castilho A, Steinkellner H, Mach L. Identification of two subtilisin-like serine proteases engaged in the degradation of recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:379-388. [PMID: 33263189 PMCID: PMC8221030 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco variant Nicotiana benthamiana has recently emerged as a versatile host for the manufacturing of protein therapeutics, but the fidelity of many recombinant proteins generated in this system is compromised by inadvertent proteolysis. Previous studies have revealed that the anti-HIV-1 antibodies 2F5 and PG9 as well as the protease inhibitor α1 -antitrypsin (A1AT) are particularly susceptible to N. benthamiana proteases. Here, we identify two subtilisin-like serine proteases (NbSBT1 and NbSBT2) whose combined action is sufficient to account for all major cleavage events observed upon expression of 2F5, PG9 and A1AT in N. benthamiana. We propose that downregulation of NbSBT1 and NbSBT2 activities could constitute a powerful means to optimize the performance of this promising platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. DATABASES: NbSBT sequence data are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers MN534996 to MN535005.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Annette Grill
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Janet Bakalarz
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Juan A. Torres Acosta
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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Yadav AK, Jang BC. Anti-Survival and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of 6-Shogaol on SW872 Human Liposarcoma Cells via Control of the Intrinsic Caspase Pathway, STAT-3, AMPK, and ER Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101380. [PMID: 32998376 PMCID: PMC7650770 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notably, 6-Shogaol, a bioactive natural substance, has anticancer effects on many types of tumors. Up to date, the anticancer effect and mode of action of 6-Shogaol on liposarcoma are not known. In this study, we investigated whether 6-Shogaol inhibits the growth of SW872 and 93T449 cells, two different human liposarcoma cell lines. Of note, 6-Shogaol inhibited the growth of SW872 and 93T449 cells without affecting that of normal 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Specifically, 6-Shogaol further induced the apoptosis of SW872 cells, as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation, increased sub G1 population, activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, and PARP cleavage. However, pretreatment with either z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, or N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the 6-Shogaol’s growth-suppressive and apoptosis-inducing effects on SW872 cells. Moreover, 6-Shogaol activated AMPK while inhibited STAT-3 in SW872 cells, and siRNA-based genetic silencing of AMPK or STAT-3 considerably blocked the growth-suppressive and apoptotic response of 6-Shogaol to SW872 cells. Moreover, 6-Shogaol also upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of GRP-78, eIF-2α, ATF4, and CHOP, known ER stress markers, in SW872 cells, illustrating the induction of ER stress. These findings collectively demonstrate that 6-Shogaol has strong antigrowth and proapoptotic effects on SW872 cells through regulation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, oxidative stress, STAT-3, AMPK, and ER stress.
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Cheng YW, Chao TL, Li CL, Chiu MF, Kao HC, Wang SH, Pang YH, Lin CH, Tsai YM, Lee WH, Tao MH, Ho TC, Wu PY, Jang LT, Chen PJ, Chang SY, Yeh SH. Furin Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage to Suppress Virus Production and Cytopathic Effects. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108254. [PMID: 33007239 PMCID: PMC7510585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as antiviral targets. We first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at SARS-CoV-2 spikes by expressing it in VeroE6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. Cleavage and the syncytium are abolished by treatment with the furin inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK) and naphthofluorescein, but not by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor camostat. CMK and naphthofluorescein show antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by decreasing virus production and cytopathic effects. Further analysis reveals that, similar to camostat, CMK blocks virus entry, but it further suppresses cleavage of spikes and the syncytium. Naphthofluorescein acts primarily by suppressing viral RNA transcription. Therefore, furin inhibitors may be promising antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates syncytium formation The SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated syncytium is suppressed by specific furin inhibitors Furin inhibitors block SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and virus replication Furin inhibitors are potential antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Fan Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Wang
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hau Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ching Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Jang
- Biomedical Resource Core at the First Core Labs, Branch Office of Research and Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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11
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Mei S, Ayala R, Ramarathinam SH, Illing PT, Faridi P, Song J, Purcell AW, Croft NP. Immunopeptidomic Analysis Reveals That Deamidated HLA-bound Peptides Arise Predominantly from Deglycosylated Precursors. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1236-1247. [PMID: 32357974 PMCID: PMC7338083 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presentation of post-translationally modified (PTM) peptides by cell surface HLA molecules has the potential to increase the diversity of targets for surveilling T cells. Although immunopeptidomics studies routinely identify thousands of HLA-bound peptides from cell lines and tissue samples, in-depth analyses of the proportion and nature of peptides bearing one or more PTMs remains challenging. Here we have analyzed HLA-bound peptides from a variety of allotypes and assessed the distribution of mass spectrometry-detected PTMs, finding deamidation of asparagine or glutamine to be highly prevalent. Given that asparagine deamidation may arise either spontaneously or through enzymatic reaction, we assessed allele-specific and global motifs flanking the modified residues. Notably, we found that the N-linked glycosylation motif NX(S/T) was highly abundant across asparagine-deamidated HLA-bound peptides. This finding, demonstrated previously for a handful of deamidated T cell epitopes, implicates a more global role for the retrograde transport of nascently N-glycosylated polypeptides from the ER and their subsequent degradation within the cytosol to form HLA-ligand precursors. Chemical inhibition of Peptide:N-Glycanase (PNGase), the endoglycosidase responsible for the removal of glycans from misfolded and retrotranslocated glycoproteins, greatly reduced presentation of this subset of deamidated HLA-bound peptides. Importantly, there was no impact of PNGase inhibition on peptides not containing a consensus NX(S/T) motif. This indicates that a large proportion of HLA-I bound asparagine deamidated peptides are generated from formerly glycosylated proteins that have undergone deglycosylation via the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. The information herein will help train deamidation prediction models for HLA-peptide repertoires and aid in the design of novel T cell therapeutic targets derived from glycoprotein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Mei
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Ayala
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sri H Ramarathinam
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nathan P Croft
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Hörauf JA, Kany S, Janicova A, Xu B, Vrdoljak T, Sturm R, Dunay IR, Martin L, Relja B. Short Exposure to Ethanol Diminishes Caspase-1 and ASC Activation in Human HepG2 Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093196. [PMID: 32366053 PMCID: PMC7246869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses how the assembly of pro-caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) in macromolecular protein complexes, inflammasomes, activates caspase-1. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation in HepG2 cells and examines how short exposures to ethanol (EtOH) affect inflammasome activation. HepG2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ATP or nigericin (NIG) in a two-step model. After LPS priming, ATP or NIG were added. As inhibitors, sodium orthovanadate (general inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases), AC-YVAD-CMK (caspase-1 inhibitor) or AZ10606120 (purinergic receptor P2X7R inhibitor) were applied after LPS priming. To monitor the inflammasome activation, the caspase-1 activity, ASC speck formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death were analyzed. To elucidate the mechanistical approach of EtOH to the inflammasome assembly, the cells were treated with EtOH either under simultaneous LPS administration or concurrently with ATP or NIG application. The co-stimulation with LPS and ATP induced a significant ASC speck formation, caspase-1 activation, cell death and ROS generation. The inhibition of the ATP-dependent purinoreceptor P2X7 decreased the caspase-1 activation, whereas sodium orthovanadate significantly induced caspase-1. Additional treatment with EtOH reversed the LPS and ATP-induced caspase-1 activation, ASC speck formation and ROS production. The ASC speck formation and caspase-1 induction require a two-step signaling with LPS and ATP in HepG2 cells. Inflammasome activation may depend on P2X7. The molecular pathway of an acute effect of EtOH on inflammasomes may involve a reduction in ROS generation, which in turn may increase the activity of tyrosine phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason-Alexander Hörauf
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Shinwan Kany
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.K.); (A.J.); (B.X.)
- Department of Cardiology with Emphasis on Electrophysiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Janicova
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.K.); (A.J.); (B.X.)
| | - Baolin Xu
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.K.); (A.J.); (B.X.)
| | - Teodora Vrdoljak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.K.); (A.J.); (B.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-28242
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Saavedra E, Estévez-Sarmiento F, Said M, Eiroa JL, Rubio S, Quintana J, Estévez F. Cytotoxicity of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Spiciformin and Its Acetyl Derivative against the Human Leukemia Cell Lines U-937 and HL-60. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082782. [PMID: 32316340 PMCID: PMC7215469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiciformin (1) is a sesquiterpene lactone with a germacrane skeleton that is found in two Tanacetum species endemic to the Canary Islands. In this study, the cytotoxicities of 1 and its acetyl derivative (2) were evaluated against human tumor cells. These sesquiterpene lactones were cytotoxic against human acute myeloid leukemia (U-937 and HL-60) cells, even in cells over-expressing the pro-survival protein Bcl-2, but melanoma (SK-MEL-1) and human mononuclear cells isolated from blood of healthy donors were more resistant. Both compounds are apoptotic inducers in human leukemia U-937 cells. Cell death was mediated by the processing and activation of initiator and effector caspases and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and it was blocked by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor and (in the case of sesquiterpene lactone 2) by the selective caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 inhibitors. In addition, certainly in the case of compound 2, this was found to be associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, and generation of reactive oxygen species. It will, therefore, be relevant to continue characterization of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Francisco Estévez-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Mercedes Said
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - José Luis Eiroa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Sara Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - José Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Francisco Estévez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.S.); (F.E.-S.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928-451443
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Shu B, Zhang J, Veeran S, Zhong G. Pro-Apoptotic Function Analysis of the Reaper Homologue IBM1 in Spodoptera frugiperda. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082729. [PMID: 32326478 PMCID: PMC7215429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important type of programmed cell death, apoptosis plays a critical role in lepidopteran insects in response to various internal and external stresses. It is controlled by a network of genes such as those encoding the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. However, there are few studies on apoptosis-related genes in Spodoptera frugiperda. In this study, an orthologue to the Drosophila reaper gene, named Sf-IBM1, was identified from S. frugiperda, and a full-length sequence was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE-PCR). The expression pattern of Sf-IBM1 was determined in different developmental stages and various tissues. Apoptotic stimuli including azadirachtin, camptothecin, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) induced the expression of Sf-IBM1 at both transcript and protein levels. Overexpression of Sf-IBM1 induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells, and the Sf-IBM1 protein was localized in mitochondria. The apoptosis induced by Sf-IBM1 could be blocked by the caspase universal inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) and Sf-IAP1. Our results provide valuable information that should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular events that lead to apoptosis in lepidopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (S.V.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (S.V.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sethuraman Veeran
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (S.V.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (S.V.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-0308; Fax: +86-20-8528-0203
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Ando Y, Ohuchida K, Otsubo Y, Kibe S, Takesue S, Abe T, Iwamoto C, Shindo K, Moriyama T, Nakata K, Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Oda Y, Nakamura M. Necroptosis in pancreatic cancer promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by release of CXCL5. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228015. [PMID: 31999765 PMCID: PMC6991976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by release of intracellular contents, and reportedly contributes to various diseases. Here, we investigate the significance of necroptosis in pancreatic cancer. Methods We used immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis to evaluate expression of the key mediators of necroptosis—receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)—in human pancreatic cancer. We also tested the effects of conditioned media (CM) from necroptotic cells on pancreatic cancer cells in Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays. Protein array analysis was used to investigate possible mediators derived from necroptotic cells. Results RIP3 and MLKL are highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreas. MLKL expression was particularly intense at the tumor invasion front. CM derived from necroptotic cells promoted cancer cell migration and invasion, but not CM derived from apoptotic cells. C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) was upregulated in CM derived from necroptotic cells compared with CM derived from control or apoptotic cells. Moreover, expression of the receptor for CXCL5, C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2), was upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells. Inhibition of CXCR2 suppressed cancer cell migratory and invasive behavior enhanced by necroptosis. Conclusion These findings indicate that necroptosis at the pancreatic cancer invasion front can promote cancer cell migration and invasion via the CXCL5–CXCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ando
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (MN)
| | - Yoshiki Otsubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Takesue
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Abe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (MN)
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Borok Z, Horie M, Flodby P, Wang H, Liu Y, Ganesh S, Firth AL, Minoo P, Li C, Beers MF, Lee AS, Zhou B. Grp78 Loss in Epithelial Progenitors Reveals an Age-linked Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:198-211. [PMID: 31738079 PMCID: PMC6961744 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201902-0451oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and dysregulated repair are implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in AEC has been observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease of aging.Objectives: To investigate a causal role for ER stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and therapeutic potential of ER stress inhibition in PF.Methods: The role of ER stress in AEC dysfunction and fibrosis was studied in mice with tamoxifen (Tmx)-inducible deletion of ER chaperone Grp78, a key regulator of ER homeostasis, in alveolar type II (AT2) cells, progenitors of distal lung epithelium, and in IPF lung slice cultures.Measurements and Main Results:Grp78 deletion caused weight loss, mortality, lung inflammation, and spatially heterogeneous fibrosis characterized by fibroblastic foci, hyperplastic AT2 cells, and increased susceptibility of old and male mice, all features of IPF. Fibrosis was more persistent in more severely injured Grp78 knockout (KO) mice. Grp78 KO AT2 cells showed evidence of ER stress, apoptosis, senescence, impaired progenitor capacity, and activation of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/SMAD signaling. Glucose-regulated protein 78 is reduced in AT2 cells from old mice and patients with IPF, and ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates ER stress and fibrosis in Grp78 KO mouse and IPF lung slice cultures.Conclusions: These results support a causal role for ER stress and resulting epithelial dysfunction in PF and suggest ER stress as a potential mechanism linking aging to IPF. Modulation of ER stress and chaperone function may offer a promising therapeutic approach for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
| | - Sivagini Ganesh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
| | - Amy L. Firth
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy S. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
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17
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Wilson AJ, Zhou Q, Vargas I, Palekar R, Grabau R, Pan H, Wickline SA. Formulation and Characterization of Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2118:111-120. [PMID: 32152974 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0319-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin, a major protein involved in the clotting cascade by the conversion of inactive fibrinogen to fibrin, plays a crucial role in the development of thrombosis. Antithrombin nanoparticles enable site-specific anticoagulation without increasing bleeding risk. Here we outline the process of making and the characterization of bivalirudin and D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) nanoparticles. Additionally, the characterization of these nanoparticles, including particle size, zeta potential, and quantification of PPACK/bivalirudin loading, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Wilson
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ian Vargas
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rohun Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Grabau
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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18
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Zhou T, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Zhong Y, Liao J, Wang G. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) aggravates apoptosis of cigarette-inflamed bronchial epithelium in vivo and vitro. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:1-9. [PMID: 30763815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an essential risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies showed weak association between PM2.5 and COPD incidence, but smokers who exposed to higher PM2.5 concentration had more opportunity to gain COPD. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor of COPD. Thus, we hypothesized: the role of PM2.5 played on cigarette-inflamed airways was more significant than normal airways. The study firstly established an animal model of C57BL/6J mice with cigarette smoke exposure and PM2.5 orotracheal administration. After calculating pathological scores, mean linear intercept and mean alveolar area, we found PM2.5 aggravated pathological injury of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the injury on normal lungs was not significant. Meanwhile, inflammatory factors as T-bet, IFN-γ and IL-1α were tested using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The results showed PM2.5 aggravated inflammation of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the effect on normal lungs was not significant. The most important pathogenesis of COPD is abnormal apoptosis in airway epithelium, due to oxidative stress following long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. Then, apoptotic responses were detected in lungs. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that PM2.5 promoted DNA fragmentation of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the effect on normal lungs was not significant. Western-blot and immunohistochemistry showed caspase activated significantly in PM2.5-cigarette smoke exposed lungs and activated caspase 3 located mainly on bronchial epithelium. Next, human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured treated with cigarette smoke solution (CSS) with or without PM2.5. Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, was used to suppress the activation of caspases. After analyzing cell viability, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial activities and caspase activities, the results clarified that PM2.5 aggravated apoptosis in cigarette-inflamed bronchial epithelial cells and the responses could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK. Our results gave a new idea about the mechanism of PM2.5 on COPD and inferred cigarette-inflamed airways were more vulnerable to PM2.5 than normal airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yijue Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Shin GT, Lee HJ, Park JE. Growth arrest and DNA damage 45γ is required for caspase-dependent renal tubular cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212818. [PMID: 30794682 PMCID: PMC6386268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45γ (GADD45γ) is a member of the DNA damage-inducible gene family which responds to environmental stresses. Apoptosis is a critical mode of renal tubular cell death in nephrotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the role of GADD45γ in renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by nephrotoxic drugs. METHODS Primary human renal tubular epithelial (HRE) cells were used in this study. To derive stable cell lines in which GADD45γ expression was silenced, HRE cells were transduced with a plasmid encoding GADD45γ-specific shRNA. The recombinant adenovirus containing the GADD45γ gene was synthesized to overexpress GADD45γ protein. Cell death was induced by cisplatin and cyclosporine A (CsA). To prevent apoptotic cell death, pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK was used. To prevent non-apoptotic cell death, necrostatin-1 and ferrostatin-1 were used. The degree of apoptosis and necrosis of cultured cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Expression of the GADD45γ gene was significantly upregulated in response to treatment with CsA and cisplatin. Apoptosis and necrosis induced by these drugs were significantly reduced by silencing of GADD45γ, and significantly augmented by the overexpression of GADD45γ. The activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 as well as caspase-9 induced by cisplatin or CsA was reduced by silencing of GADD45γ, and was augmented by the overexpression of GADD45γ, indicating that caspase activation is dependent on the expression of GADD45γ. ZVAD-FMK significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin or CsA, indicating a role of caspases in mediating apoptotic cell death. ZVAD-FMK was effective to prevent necrosis as well, indicating that the observed necrosis was a secondary event following apoptosis at least in part. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that GADD45γ is required for the caspase-dependent apoptosis of renal tubular cells induced by nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Tae Shin
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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20
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Mezzadra R, de Bruijn M, Jae LT, Gomez-Eerland R, Duursma A, Scheeren FA, Brummelkamp TR, Schumacher TN. SLFN11 can sensitize tumor cells towards IFN-γ-mediated T cell killing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212053. [PMID: 30753225 PMCID: PMC6372190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical observations have highlighted the role of cytotoxic T cells in human tumor control. However, the parameters that control tumor cell sensitivity to T cell attack remain incompletely understood. To identify modulators of tumor cell sensitivity to T cell effector mechanisms, we performed a whole genome haploid screen in HAP1 cells. Selection of tumor cells by exposure to tumor-specific T cells identified components of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor (IFNGR) signaling pathway, and tumor cell killing by cytotoxic T cells was shown to be in large part mediated by the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-γ. Notably, we identified schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a known modulator of DNA damage toxicity, as a regulator of tumor cell sensitivity to T cell-secreted IFN-γ. SLFN11 does not influence IFNGR signaling, but couples IFNGR signaling to the induction of the DNA damage response (DDR) in a context dependent fashion. In line with this role of SLFN11, loss of SLFN11 can reduce IFN-γ mediated toxicity. Collectively, our data indicate that SLFN11 can couple IFN-γ exposure of tumor cells to DDR and cellular apoptosis. Future work should reveal the mechanistic basis for the link between IFNGR signaling and DNA damage response, and identify tumor cell types in which SLFN11 contributes to the anti-tumor activity of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mezzadra
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas T. Jae
- Division of Biochemistry, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Gomez-Eerland
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Duursma
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A. Scheeren
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R. Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Cancergenomics.nl, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton N. Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Liu SY, Song JY, Fan B, Wang Y, Pan YR, Che L, Sun YJ, Li GY. Resveratrol protects photoreceptors by blocking caspase- and PARP-dependent cell death pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:569-581. [PMID: 30342188 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a major cause of severe vision loss and irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive damage to retinal photoreceptor cells. Resveratrol (RSV) serves as an activator of the histone deacetylase, Sirt1, and has been shown to exert anti-oxidative properties. In this study, we mimicked retinal degeneration by subjecting photoreceptors (661 W cells) to glucose deprivation (GD) or light exposure. Under these conditions, we investigated the mechanisms underlying GD- or light exposure-induced cell death and the protective effect of RSV. We found that GD and light exposure resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death. Treatment of injured cells with RSV decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improved the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, and reduced apoptosis. We used the caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and a lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown of PARP-1 to reveal that GD and light exposure-induced cell death have different underlying mechanisms; GD triggered a caspase-dependent cell death pathway, whereas light exposure triggered a PARP-dependent cell death pathway. The level of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulated following GD, were reduced by treatment with RSV. Similarly, the level of PARP-1 and AIF, upregulated following light exposure, were decreased by treatment with RSV. Additionally, treatment with RSV elevated the protein expression and enzymatic activity of Sirt1 and a Sirt1 inhibitor reduced the protective effect of RSV against insult-induced cellular injuries, indicating that RSV's protective effect may involve Sirt1 activation. Finally, we investigated the neuroprotection of RSV in vivo. Administration of RSV to mice under extreme light exposure led to a suppression of the light-induced thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and restored retinal function evaluated by electroretinography (ERG). Taken together, our findings provide evidence that treatment with RSV has neuroprotective effects on both GD and light exposure-induced cell death pathways in photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Jing-Yao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hemooncolog, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Yi-Ran Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China.
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22
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Gu LL, Shen ZL, Li YL, Bao YQ, Lu H. Oxymatrine Causes Hepatotoxicity by Promoting the Phosphorylation of JNK and Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated by ROS in LO2 Cells. Mol Cells 2018; 41:401-412. [PMID: 29754474 PMCID: PMC5974617 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) often used in treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in clinic. However, OMT-induced liver injury has been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible mechanism of OMT-induced hepatotoxicity in human normal liver cells (L02). Exposed cells to OMT, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis rate increased, the intracellular markers of oxidative stress were changed. Simultaneously, OMT altered apoptotic related proteins levels, including Bcl-2, Bax and pro-caspase-8/-9/-3. In addition, OMT enhanced the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress makers (GRP78/Bip, CHOP, and cleaved-Caspase-4) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), as well as the mRNA levels of GRP78/Bip, CHOP, caspase-4, and ER stress sensors (IREI, ATF6, and PERK). Pre-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, partly improved the survival rates and restored OMT-induced cellular damage, and reduced caspase-3 cleavage. SP600125 or NAC reduced OMT-induced p-JNK and NAC significantly lowered caspase-4. Furthermore, 4-PBA, the ER stress inhibitor, weakened inhibitory effect of OMT on cells, on the contrary, TM worsen. 4-PBA also reduced the levels of p-JNK and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, OMT-induced injury in L02 cells was related to ROS mediated p-JNK and ER stress induction. Antioxidant, by inhibition of p-JNK or ER stress, may be a feasible method to alleviate OMT-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Zhe-lun Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Yang-Lei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Yi-Qi Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province,
China
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23
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Li M, Li J, Zeng R, Yang J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Song X, Yao Z, Ma C, Li W, Wang K, Wei L. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication Is Promoted by Autophagy-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis. J Virol 2018; 92:e02193-17. [PMID: 29386287 PMCID: PMC5874425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02193-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in children worldwide. Virus-host interactions affect the progression and prognosis of the infection. Autophagy plays important roles in virus-host interactions. Respiratory epithelial cells serve as the front line of host defense during RSV infection, However, it is still unclear how they interact with RSV. In this study, we found that RSV induced autophagy that favored RSV replication and exacerbated lung pathology in vivo Mechanistically, RSV induced complete autophagy flux through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-MTOR) signaling pathway in HEp-2 cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the functions of autophagy in RSV replication and found that RSV replication was increased in HEp-2 cells treated with rapamycin but decreased remarkably in cells treated with 3-methylademine (3-MA) or wortmannin. Knockdown key molecules in the autophagy pathway with short hairpinp RNA (shRNA) against autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), or BECN1/Beclin 1 or treatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and AMPK inhibitor (compound C) suppressed RSV replication. 3-MA or shATG5/BECN1 significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis at 48 hours postinfection (hpi). Blocking apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK partially restored virus replication at 48 hpi. Those results provide strong evidence that autophagy may function as a proviral mechanism in a cell-intrinsic manner during RSV infection.IMPORTANCE An understanding of the mechanisms that respiratory syncytial virus utilizes to interact with respiratory epithelial cells is critical to the development of novel antiviral strategies. In this study, we found that RSV induces autophagy through a ROS-AMPK signaling axis, which in turn promotes viral infection. Autophagy favors RSV replication through blocking cell apoptosis at 48 hpi. Mechanistically, RSV induces mitophagy, which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and therefore decreases cytochrome c release and apoptosis induction. This study provides a novel insight into this virus-host interaction, which may help to exploit new antiviral treatments targeting autophagy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruihong Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Internal Medicine & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaotian Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, Shanghai 455 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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24
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Yamaguchi Y, Kasukabe T, Kumakura S. Piperlongumine rapidly induces the death of human pancreatic cancer cells mainly through the induction of ferroptosis. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1011-1022. [PMID: 29393418 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer with a mortality rate of almost 95%. Treatment with current chemotherapeutic drugs has limited success due to poor responses. Therefore, the development of novel drugs or effective combination therapies is urgently required. Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural product with cytotoxic properties restricted to cancer cells by significantly increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In the present study, we demonstrated that PL induced cancer cell death through, at least in part, the induction of ferroptosis, as the cancer cell-killing activity was inhibited by the antioxidant, N‑acetylcysteine, ferroptosis inhibitors (ferrostatin‑1 and liproxstatin‑1) and the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), but not by the apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, or the necrosis inhibitor, necrostatin‑1. Cotylenin A (CN‑A; a plant growth regulator) exhibits potent antitumor activities in several cancer cell lines, including pancreatic cancer cell lines. We found that CN‑A and PL synergistically induced the death of pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa‑2 and PANC‑1 cells for 16 h. CN‑A enhanced the induction of ROS by PL for 4 h. The synergistic induction of cell death was also abrogated by the ferroptosis inhibitors and DFO. The present results revealed that clinically approved sulfasalazine (SSZ), a ferroptosis inducer, enhanced the death of pancreatic cancer cells induced by PL and the combined effects were abrogated by the ferroptosis inhibitors and DFO. SSZ further enhanced the cancer cell-killing activities induced by combined treatment with PL plus CN‑A. On the other hand, the synergistic induction of cell death by PL and CN‑A was not observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and SSZ did not enhance the death of MEFs induced by PL plus CN‑A. These results suggest that the triple combined treatment with PL, CN‑A and SSZ is highly effective against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasukabe
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kumakura
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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25
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Su L, Yang JF, Fu X, Dong L, Zhou DY, Sun LM, Gong Z. Ultraviolet-Ray-Induced Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) Melting Is Mediated by the Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:45-52. [PMID: 29232945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber body-wall melting occurs under certain circumstances. We have shown that apoptosis but not autolysis plays a critical role in the initial stage. However, it is still unclear how apoptosis is triggered in this process. In this study, we examined the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) proteins, the depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) release during sea cucumber melting induced by ultraviolet (UV) exposure. We also investigated the contribution of caspase in this process by injecting a pan-caspase inhibitor. Our data showed that UV exposure stimulates ROS production, dysfunction of mitochondria, and the release of Cyt c in sea cucumber coelomic fluid cells and body walls. We found a decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax in the mitochondria after UV exposure. We also demonstrated that these changes are associated with elevated caspase-9 and -3 activity. Finally, our data showed that the inhibition of caspases-9 and -3 using an inhibitor suppresses UV-induced sea cucumber melting. These results suggest that apoptosis during sea cucumber melting is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and follows the activation of the caspase-signaling pathway. This study presents a novel insight into the mechanism of sea cucumber melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xi Fu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Number 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
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Weigert M, Binks A, Dowson S, Leung EYL, Athineos D, Yu X, Mullin M, Walton JB, Orange C, Ennis D, Blyth K, Tait SWG, McNeish IA. RIPK3 promotes adenovirus type 5 activity. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3206. [PMID: 29238045 PMCID: PMC5870599 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral mutants infect human malignant cells and replicate selectively within them. This induces direct cytotoxicity that can also trigger profound innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism by which adenoviruses produce cell death remains uncertain. We previously suggested that type 5 adenoviruses, including the E1A CR2 deletion mutant dl922-947, might induce a novel form of programmed death resembling necroptosis. Here we have investigated the roles of core necrosis proteins RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL in the cytotoxicity of dl922-947 and other adenovirus serotypes. By electron microscopy, we show that dl922-947 induces similar necrotic morphology as TSZ treatment (TNF-α, Smac mimetic, zVAD.fmk). However, dl922-947-mediated death is independent of TNF-α signalling, does not require RIPK1 and does not rely upon the presence of MLKL. However, inhibition of caspases, specifically caspase-8, induces necroptosis that is RIPK3 dependent and significantly enhances dl922-947 cytotoxicity. Moreover, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we demonstrate that the increase in cytotoxicity seen upon caspase inhibition is also MLKL dependent. Even in the absence of caspase inhibition, RIPK3 expression promotes dl922-947 and wild-type adenovirus type 5 efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest that adenovirus induces a form of programmed necrosis that differs from classical TSZ necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Weigert
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alex Binks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Suzanne Dowson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Elaine Y L Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Xinzi Yu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Josephine B Walton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Clare Orange
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Darren Ennis
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Iain A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Vakamullu S, Arepalli SK, Velatooru LR, J VR, P KK, B N. In vitro apoptotic mechanism of a novel synthetic Quinazolinyl derivative: Induces caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway on THP-1, leukemia cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:117-127. [PMID: 29225136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several quinazoline derivatives have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Previously our research group has synthesized and studied the anti-proliferative effects of N-Decyl-N-(2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinyl) Amine (DMQA). The current study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of DMQA in THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic potential of DMQA was assessed using MTT assay on a panel of cancer cell lines which include HeLa, Mia PaCa-2, A 375, B16-F10, A 549,A 431, U937, THP-1, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Preliminary data revealed that the highest cytotoxic activity was against THP-1 leukemia cell line (IC50=0.66 μg/ml). The apoptotic properties of DMQA on THP-1 cells were characterized by change in nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, reduction of pro-caspases-3, 9, Bax/Bcl-2 levels, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Further investigation revealed a sub-G1 peak, phosphatidyl serine exposure and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in THP-1 cells. The role of caspases was crucial and was demonstrated by the inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK. Moreover DMQA was markedly less effective in inhibiting the growth of normal cells (PBMC's, IC50 =62.17 μg/ml). Based on the results we suggest that DMQA induced apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vakamullu
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India; MNR Foundation for Research and Innovation, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502294, India
| | - S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - L R Velatooru
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao J
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India.
| | - Kavin Kennedy P
- Flow-cytometry Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Narsaiah B
- Fluoro Organic Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhang H, Huan C, Ye Z. [Caspase-1 inhibitor AC-YVAD-CMK blocks IL-1β secretion of bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by Acinetobacter baumannii]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:1594-1599. [PMID: 29382416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of caspase-1 selective inhibitor AC-YVAD-CMK on IL-1β secretion of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Methods Macrophages were separated from C57BL/6 mice which were stimulated using different concentrations of A. baumannii. The level of IL-1β in the culture supernatant was detected by ELISA. The expression of pro-IL-1β mRNA and protein were detected using the real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The role of caspase-1 in the secretion of IL-1β was tested by AC-YVAD-CMK treatment to block caspase-1. Pneumonia models in C57BL/6 mice were prepared by A. baumannii inoculation. The level of IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the morphology of lung were detected by ELISA or HE staining, respectively. Results IL-1β level in the culture supernatant was up-reregulated by A. baumannii stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of pro-IL-1β mRNA and protein were not significantly changed with A. baumannii stimulation. Mature IL-1β secretion was blocked by AC-YVAD-CMK either in vitro or in vivo. The damage of lung induced by A. baumannii infection in mice was ameliorated by AC-YVAD-CMK. Conclusion AC-YVAD-CMK alleviates pulmonary pathological damage by reducing the caspase-1-mediated IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Examination, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
| | - Xuening Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Hongfang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Examination, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Cheng Huan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Examination, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Zhengrong Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Examination, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of propofol and its related mechanism in glioblastoma cells and astrocytes. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2440-2454. [PMID: 28804952 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), one of the extensively and commonly used anesthetic agents, has been shown to affect the biological behavior of various models. Previous researches have shown that propofol-induced cytotoxicity might cause anticancer effect in different cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol on cytotoxicity is still elusive in human glioblastoma cells. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of propofol on cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS production, and establish the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in GBM 8401 human glioblastoma cells and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Propofol (20-30 μM) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and increased ROS production in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells. In GBM 8401 cells, propofol induced G2/M phase cell arrest, which affected the CDK1, cyclin B1, p53, and p21 protein expression levels. Furthermore, propofol induced oxygen stresses by increasing O2- and H2 O2 levels but treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially reversed propofol-regulated antioxidative enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Most significantly, propofol induced apoptotic effects by decreasing Bcl-2 but increasing Bax, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3 levels, which were partially reversed by NAC. Moreover, the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK also partially prevented propofol-induced apoptosis. Together, in GBM 8401 cells but not in DI TNC1 cells, propofol activated ROS-associated apoptosis that involved cell cycle arrest and caspase activation. These findings indicate that propofol not only can be an anesthetic agent which reduces pain but also has the potential to be used for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 114, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 813, Republic of China
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Pepper AR, Bruni A, Pawlick R, Wink J, Rafiei Y, Gala-Lopez B, Bral M, Abualhassan N, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ. Engraftment Site and Effectiveness of the Pan-Caspase Inhibitor F573 to Improve Engraftment in Mouse and Human Islet Transplantation in Mice. Transplantation 2017; 101:2321-2329. [PMID: 28072753 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is an effective therapy in type 1 diabetes and recalcitrant hypoglycemia. However, there is an ongoing need to circumvent islet loss posttransplant. We explore herein the potential of the pan-caspase inhibitor F573 to mitigate early apoptosis-mediated islet death within portal and extrahepatic portal sites in mice. METHODS Mouse or human islets were cultured in standard media ±100 μM F573 and subsequently assessed for viability and apoptosis via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and caspase-3 activation. Diabetic mice were transplanted with syngeneic islets placed under the kidney capsule (KC) or into the subcutaneous deviceless (DL) site at a marginal islet dose (150 islets), or into the portal vein (PV) at a full dose (500 islets). Human islets were transplanted under the KC of diabetic immunodeficient mice at a marginal dose (500 islet equivalents). Islets were cultured in the presence of F573, and F573 was administered subcutaneously on days 0 to 5 posttransplant. Control mice were transplanted with nontreated islets and were injected with saline. Graft function was measured by nonfasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance testing. RESULTS F573 markedly reduced human and mouse islet apoptosis after in vitro culture (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, F573 improved human islet function when transplanted under the KC (P < 0.05); whereas F573 did not enhance murine islet marginal KC transplants. Conversely, F573 significantly improved mouse islet engraftment in the PV and DL site (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The pan-caspase inhibitor F573 markedly reduces human and mouse islet apoptosis and improves engraftment most effectively in the portal and DL subcutaneous sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pepper
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hong BJ, Liu H, Wang ZH, Zhu YX, Su LY, Zhang MX, Xu K, Chen JZ. Inflammasome activation involved in early inflammation reaction after liver transplantation. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:265-271. [PMID: 28855128 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation has emerged as a vital therapy for end-stage liver diseases. Acute -phase inflammation play an important role in liver graft injury.Recent studies have revealed that inflammasome are responsible for initiating inflammation in early stage of acute organ rejection in liver transplantation, however the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we explored to block inflammasome activation to see whether it can alleviate early inflammation reaction during rejection of allgrafts in a rat model and gain further insights into the mechanism of inhibiting inflammation in allografts. By using Ac-YVAD-CMK, a highly selective caspase-1 inhibitor, to inhibit inflammation reaction involved in allograft rejection in a rat model. Our results showed that the rejection activity index (RAI) of Ac-YVAD-CMK-treated allografts is significantly diminished in similar magnitude to that of isografts. Compared with isografts, the expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and IL-1β in allograft group increased significantly with the development of rejection, exhibiting apparent correlation. Expression of IFN-γ mRNA in untreated allografts was maximal on day 3 while in Ac-YVAD-CMK-treated allografts and isografts, IFN-γ mRNA levels remained low over the duration of the time course. ELISA results revealed serum elevation of IL-1β by day 7 after othotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in comparison with isografts. There were no statistically significant differences between isografts and Ac-YVAD-CMK-treated allografts. For the first time, our data reveal that inhibition of the inflammasome activation pathway attenuates inflammation reaction of hepatic transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jian Hong
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Han Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Xia Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yun Su
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Xia Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Sun L, Li B, Su X, Chen G, Li Y, Yu L, Li L, Wei W. An Ursolic Acid Derived Small Molecule Triggers Cancer Cell Death through Hyperstimulation of Macropinocytosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6638-6648. [PMID: 28678485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a transient endocytosis that internalizes extracellular fluid and particles into vacuoles. Recent studies suggest that hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis can induce a novel nonapoptotic cell death, methuosis. In this report, we describe the identification of an ursolic acid derived small molecule (compound 17), which induces cancer cell death through hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis. 17 causes the accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes based on transmission electron microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and labeling with extracellular fluid phase tracers. The vacuoles induced by 17 separate from other cytoplasmic compartments but acquire some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes. Inhibiting hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis with the specific inhibitor amiloride blocks cell death, implicating that 17 leads to cell death via macropinocytosis, which is coincident with methuosis. Our results uncovered a novel cell death pathway involved in the activity of 17, which may provide a basis for further development of natural-product-derived scaffolds for drugs that trigger cancer cell death by methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Linqian Yu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wanguo Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Min KJ, Nam JO, Kwon TK. Fisetin Induces Apoptosis Through p53-Mediated Up-Regulation of DR5 Expression in Human Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081285. [PMID: 28767099 PMCID: PMC6151974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, cucumbers, and onions. Since fisetin can elicit anti-cancer effects, including anti-proliferation and anti-migration, we investigated whether fisetin induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki) cells. Fisetin markedly induced sub-G1 population and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is a marker of apoptosis, and increased caspase activation. We found that pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) inhibited fisetin-induced apoptosis. In addition, fisetin induced death receptor 5 (DR5) expression at the transcriptional level, and down-regulation of DR5 by siRNA blocked fisetin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, fisetin induced p53 protein expression through up-regulation of protein stability, whereas down-regulation of p53 by siRNA markedly inhibited fisetin-induced DR5 expression. In contrast, fisetin induced up-regulation of CHOP expression and reactive oxygen species production, which had no effect on fisetin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that fisetin induced apoptosis through p53 mediated up-regulation of DR5 expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
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Chang JL, Chow JM, Chang JH, Wen YC, Lin YW, Yang SF, Lee WJ, Chien MH. Quercetin simultaneously induces G 0 /G 1 -phase arrest and caspase-mediated crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1857-1868. [PMID: 28251795 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived bioflavonoid with high anticancer activity in various tumors. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which quercetin exerts its anticancer effects against HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. Results showed that quercetin suppressed cell proliferation in the HL-60 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin-induced G0 /G1 -phase arrest occurred when expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/4 were inhibited and the CDK inhibitors, p16 and p21, were induced. Moreover, quercetin treatment not only activated proapoptotic signaling like poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage and caspase activation but also triggered autophagy events as shown by the increased expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-II, decreased expression of p62, and formation of acidic vesicular organelles. Interestingly, it was found that use of the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, significantly enhanced quercetin-mediated apoptotic cell death as analyzed by MTS and DNA fragmentation assays. Moreover, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, dramatically reversed quercetin-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Although apoptosis and autophagy are two independent cell death pathways, our findings indicated that quercetin can activate caspases to trigger these two pathways, and both pathways played contrary roles in quercetin-mediated HL-60 cell death. In conclusion, besides promoting apoptosis, quercetin also induced cytoprotective autophagy in HL-60 cells, and inhibition of autophagy may be a novel strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of quercetin in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Karlsson J, Petersén A, Gidö G, Wieloch T, Brundin P. Combining Neuroprotective Treatment of Embryonic Nigral Donor Tissue with Mild Hypothermia of the Graft Recipient. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:301-9. [PMID: 16052911 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 80–95% of the immature dopaminergic neurons die when embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue is transplanted. Cell death occurs both during the preparation of donor tissue and after graft implantation, but the effect of combining successful neuroprotective treatments before and after transplantation has not been extensively investigated. We therefore treated embryonic rat mesencephalic tissue with a combination of the lipid peroxidation inhibitor tirilazad mesylate (3 μM) and the caspase inhibitor Ac.YVAD.cmk (500 μM) and transplanted the tissue into hemiparkinsonian rats kept hypothermic (32–33°C) or normothermic (37°C) during, and 90 min following, graft surgery. Suspension cell number did not differ between untreated or tirilazad/YVAD-treated preparations prior to transplantation. When graft survival was evaluated 6 weeks after implantation, both tirilazad/YVAD pretreatment and mild hypothermia increased the survival of transplanted dopaminergic neurons. Approximately 50–57% of the embryonic dopaminergic neurons survived the dissociation and grafting procedure in rats rendered hypothermic, but there was no significant additive effect on graft survival with a combined treatment. All groups of rats exhibited behavioral recovery in the amphetamine-induced rotation test. There was a significantly enhanced functional capacity of grafts placed in hypothermic as compared to normothermic rats. However, tirilazad/YVAD pretreated implants did not afford greater behavioral improvement than control-treated grafts. Our results suggest that neuroprotective treatments administered prior to and immediately after neural graft implantation may under certain conditions rescue, at least in part, the same subset of dopaminergic neurons. The study also emphasizes the importance of the immediate time after grafting for transplant survival, with relevance both for primary mesencephalic implants and stem cell grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Karlsson
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
One experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue. Unfortunately, up to 95% of grafted neurons die, many via apoptosis. Activated caspases play a key role in execution of the apoptotic pathway; therefore, exposure to caspase inhibitors may provide an effective intervention strategy for protection against apoptotic cell death. In the present study we examined the efficacy of two different caspase inhibitors, caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK and caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CMK, to augment mesencephalic tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neuron survival in culture and following implantation into the denervated striatum of rats. We report that treatment with Ac-YVAD-CMK provided partial but nonsignificant protection for TH-ir neurons against serum withdrawal in mesencephalic cultures plated at low density, while neither caspase inhibitor promoted TH-ir neuron survival in higher density cultures, simulating graft density. We demonstrate that plating procedures (full well vs. microislands) and cell density directly affect the degree of insult experienced by TH-ir neurons following serum withdrawal. This varying degree of insult directly impacts whether caspase inhibition will augment TH-ir neuron survival. Our grafting experiments demonstrate that Ac-YVAD-CMK does not augment grafted TH-ir neuron survival when added to mesencephalic cell suspensions prior to grafting or to mesencephalic reaggregates for 3 days in vitro prior to transplantation. These experiments provide further evidence of the failure of these caspase inhibitors to augment TH-ir neuron survival. Furthermore, we suggest that cell culture paradigms used to model grafting paradigms must more closely approximate the cell densities of mesencephalic grafts to effectively screen potential augmentative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Marchionini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Montolio M, Téllez N, Biarnés M, Soler J, Montanya E. Short-Term Culture with the Caspase Inhibitor z-VAD.fmk Reduces Beta Cell Apoptosis in Transplanted Islets and Improves the Metabolic Outcome of the Graft. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:59-65. [PMID: 15789663 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the initial days after transplantation islets are particularly vulnerable and show increased apoptosis and necrosis. We have studied the effects of caspase inhibition on this early beta cell death in syngeneically transplanted islets. Streptozotocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with 150 syngeneic islets, an insufficient mass to restore normoglycemia, preincubated with or without the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD. fmk 2 h before transplantation. Beta cell apoptosis was increased in control islets on day 3 after transplantation (0.28 ± 0.02%) compared with freshly isolated islets (0.08 ± 0.02%, p< 0.001), and was partially reduced in transplanted islets preincubated with z-VAD.fmk 200 μM (0.14 ± 0.02%, p = 0.003) or with z-VAD.fmk 500 μM (0.17 ± 0.01%, p = 0.012), but not with a lower z-VAD.fmk (100 μM) concentration. Diabetic mice transplanted with islets preincubated with z-VAD.fmk 500 μM showed an improved metabolic evolution compared with control and z-VAD.fmk 200 μM groups. The z-VAD.fmk 500 μM group showed an overall lower blood glucose after transplantation (p = 0.02), and at the end of the study blood glucose values were reduced compared with transplantation day (15.7 ± 3.6 vs. 32.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.001). In contrast, blood glucose was not significantly changed in control and z-VAD.fmk 200 μM groups. Four weeks after transplantation beta cell mass was higher in z-VAD.fmk 500 μM group (0.15 ± 0.02 mg) than in the control group (0.10 ± 0.02 mg) (p = 0.043). In summary, the treatment of freshly isolated islets with the caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk reduced the subsequent apoptosis of the islets once they were transplanted and improved the outcome of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montolio
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Experimental Endocrinology, Endocrine Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Brandhorst D, Kumarasamy V, Maatoui A, Alt A, Bretzel RG, Brandhorst H. Porcine Islet Graft Function is Affected by Pretreatment with a Caspase-3 Inhibitor. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:311-7. [PMID: 16898224 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the isolation procedure and after transplantation islets are subjected to numerous variables associated with the induction of apoptosis. The present study investigated the effect of transient pretreatment with caspase inhibitors on function and survival of transplanted pig islets. Isolated porcine islets (3000 IEQ) were incubated overnight in 200 μM of the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CMK prior to transplantation into diabetic nude mice. Glucose-stimulated insulin release of pretreated islets was assessed during static incubation. DEVD-CMK successfully prevented the expression of capase-3 and DFF as demonstrated in heat-shocked pig islets. Nevertheless, transient pretreatment of freshly isolated pig islets with DEVD-CMK resulted in a significantly decreased final graft function of 50.0% (n = 16) compared to 85.7% (n = 14) in control islets (p < 0.05). Glucose-stimulated insulin release of porcine islets (n = 6) was not significantly effected by overnight culture with DEVD-CMK. Morphological assessment revealed that this caspase-3 inhibitor significantly increased the percentage of necrosis to a small, but nevertheless significant, extent in comparison to control islets (p < 0.05). The study demonstrates that short-time pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CMK reduces the capacity of transplanted porcine islets to restore normoglycemia in diabetic nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandhorst
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bernard MM, McConnery JR, Hoskin DW. [10]-Gingerol, a major phenolic constituent of ginger root, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:370-376. [PMID: 28315687 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ginger rhizome is rich in bioactive compounds, including [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [10]-gingerol; however, to date, most research on the anti-cancer activities of gingerols have focused on [6]-gingerol. In this study, we compared [10]-gingerol with [8]-gingerol and [6]-gingerol in terms of their ability to inhibit the growth of human and mouse mammary carcinoma cells. A colorimetric assay based on the enzymatic reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide revealed that [10]-gingerol was more potent than [6]-gingerol and at least as potent as [8]-gingerol for the inhibition of triple-negative human (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) and mouse (4T1, E0771) mammary carcinoma cell growth. Further investigation of [10]-gingerol showed that it suppressed the growth of estrogen receptor-bearing (MCF-7, T47D) and HER2-overexpressing (SKBR3) breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of [10]-gingerol on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with a reduction in the number of rounds of cell division and evidence of S phase-cell cycle arrest, as well as induction of apoptosis due to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the release of proapoptotic mitochondrial cytochrome c and SMAC/DIABLO into the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, killing of MDA-MB-231 cells by [10]-gingerol was not affected by a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk) or an anti-oxidant (N-acetylcysteine), suggesting that the cytotoxic effect of [10]-gingerol did not require caspase activation or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest that further investigation of [10]-gingerol is warranted for its possible use in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Bernard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason R McConnery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Zhu W, Cao FS, Feng J, Chen HW, Wan JR, Lu Q, Wang J. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to long-term behavioral alterations in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. Neuroscience 2017; 343:77-84. [PMID: 27923741 PMCID: PMC5349320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) might affect the central nervous system by causing neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to brain damage and dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the role of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in long-term behavioral alterations of 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS (5mg/kg). At different time points after injection, we assessed locomotor function with a 24-point neurologic deficit scoring system and the rotarod test; assessed recognition memory with the novel object recognition test; and assessed emotional abnormality (anhedonia and behavioral despair) with the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and sucrose preference test. We also assessed protein expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1 p10 in hippocampus by Western blotting; measured levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and IL-10 in hippocampus; measured TNFα and IL-1β in serum by ELISA; and evaluated microglial activity in hippocampus by Iba1 immunofluorescence. We found that LPS-injected mice displayed long-term depression-like behaviors and recognition memory deficit; elevated expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 p10; increased levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNFα; decreased levels of IL-10; and increased microglial activation. These effects were blocked by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone. The results demonstrate proof of concept that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to long-term behavioral alterations in LPS-exposed mice, probably through enhanced inflammation, and that NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition might alleviate peripheral and brain inflammation and thereby ameliorate long-term behavioral alterations in LPS-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng-Sheng Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hua-Weng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jie-Ru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hsin IL, Wang SC, Li JR, Ciou TC, Wu CH, Wu HM, Ko JL. Immunomodulatory proteins FIP-gts and chloroquine induce caspase-independent cell death via autophagy for resensitizing cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1566-1573. [PMID: 27823620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor, is used for malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus therapy. In our previous study, FIP-gts, an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae, inhibited cell viability in lung cancer cells and urothelial cancer cells. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer. Cisplatin resistance is an important issue in urothelial carcinoma therapy. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of combination treatment with FIP-gts and chloroquine on cytotoxicity to resensitize the cisplatin-resistant cells. METHODS FIP-gts and chloroquine cytotoxicity were determined by evaluating CCK-8 assay. Cell death pathways, ROS and cell cycle arrested were analysed through flow cytometry and Western blot. ShRNA targeting to autophagy-related genes were tested to evaluate their autophagic cell death for resistant urothelial cells. RESULTS Using CCK-8 assay, chloroquine increased FIP-gts-induced cytotoxicity in parental and cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cell lines. On flow cytometry, chloroquine enhanced FIP-gts-mediated sub-G1 accumulation, annexin V positive signal and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Caspase-3/PARP cascade and z-VAD-fmk were performed to prove that FIP-gts and chloroquine induced caspase-independent cell death. Using H2DCFDA staining and flow cytometry, FIP-gts and chloroquine did not induce ROS production. N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, inhibited the cytotoxicity and LC3-II accumulation in FIP-gts and chloroquine-treated N/P cells. To elucidate the role of autophagy in caspase-independent cell death by FIP-gts and chloroquine, LC3 shRNA were used to inhibit autophagy in N/P cells. The capabilities of FIP-gts and chloroquine to induce cytotoxicity and sub-G1 phase accumulation were abolished in autophagy-defective cells. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of FIP-gts in triggering caspase-independent cell death in cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cells. CONCLUSION Chloroquine enhanced FIP-gts-induced autophagy dependent caspase-independent cell death via abundant autophagosome accumulation. Combination treatment with FIP-gts and chloroquine may provide a new strategy for urothelial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chun Ciou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ma Y, Zhu B, Yong L, Song C, Liu X, Yu H, Wang P, Liu Z, Liu X. Regulation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathways in Osteosarcoma Cells Following Oleandrin Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111950. [PMID: 27886059 PMCID: PMC5133944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has reported the anti-tumor effect of oleandrin on osteosarcoma (OS) cells. In the current study, we mainly explored its potential regulation on intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway in OS cells. Cells apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected using fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was detected using a commercial kit. The levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c, mitochondrial cytochrome c, bcl-2, bax, caspase-9, Fas, FasL, caspase-8 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blotting. z-VAD-fmk was applied to block both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, and cells apoptosis was also tested. Furthermore, we used z-LEHD-fmk and Fas blocking antibody to inhibit intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, separately, and the selectivity of oleandrin on these pathways was explored. Results showed that oleandrin induced the apoptosis of OS cells, which was accompanied by an increase in ROS and a decrease in MMP. Furthermore, cytochrome c level was reduced in mitochondria but elevated in the cytoplasm. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced by oleandrin in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Oleandrin also down-regulated the expression of bcl-2, but up-regulated bax, caspase-9, Fas, FasL, caspase-8 and caspase-3. In addition, the suppression of both apoptotic pathways by z-VAD-fmk greatly reverted the oleandrin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the suppression of one pathway by a corresponding inhibitor did not affect the regulation of oleandrin on another pathway. Taken together, we concluded that oleandrin induced apoptosis of OS cells via activating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- The Center for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Huilei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Nalbant A, Kant M. Bacterial Heat Shock Protein GroEL (Hsp64) Exerts Immunoregulatory Effects on T Cells by Utilizing Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164380. [PMID: 27736933 PMCID: PMC5063403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) expresses a 64-kDa GroEL protein belonging to the heat shock family of proteins. This protein has been shown to influence human host cells, but the apoptotic capacity of the GroEL protein regarding T cells is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans GroEL (AaGroEL) protein to induce human peripheral blood T-cell apoptosis. Endogenous, purified AaGroEL protein was used as an antigen. In AaGroEL-treated T cells, the data indicated that phosphatidylserine exposure, an early apoptotic event, was dose- and time-dependent. The AaGroEL-treated T cells were also positive for active caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. The rate of AaGroEL-induced apoptosis was suppressed by the addition of the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Furthermore, cleaved caspase-8 bands (40/36 kDa and 23 kDa) were identified in cells responding to AaGroEL. DNA fragmentation was also detected in the AaGroEL-treated T cells. Overall, we demonstrated that the endogenous GroEL from A. actinomycetemcomitans has the capacity to induce T-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Melis Kant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Sawai H. Induction of Apoptosis in TNF-Treated L929 Cells in the Presence of Necrostatin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101678. [PMID: 27739412 PMCID: PMC5085711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that necroptosis—caspase-independent programmed necrotic cell death—can be induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the L929 murine fibrosarcoma cell line, even in the absence of a caspase inhibitor. Although it was reported that necrostatin-1—a specific inhibitor of necroptosis—inhibited TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 cells, it has not been elucidated whether the cells eventually die by apoptosis in the presence of necrostatin-1. In this paper, induction of apoptosis was demonstrated in TNF-treated L929 cells in the presence of necrostatin-1. Co-treatment with cycloheximide expedited apoptosis induction in necrostatin-1/TNF-treated L929 cells: typical apoptotic morphological changes, including membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation, induction of caspase-3 activity, proteolytic activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (a well-known substrate of caspase-3) were observed. Moreover, co-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk (a pan-caspase inhibitor) inhibited apoptosis by completely inhibiting caspases, resulting in a shift from apoptosis to necroptosis. In contrast, co-treatment with Z-Asp-CH2-DCB (a caspase inhibitor preferential to caspase-3) inhibited apoptosis without expediting necroptosis. These results indicate that apoptosis can be induced in TNF-treated L929 cells when the cells are protected from necroptosis, and support the notion that partial activation of caspase-8 in the presence of a caspase inhibitor preferential to caspase-3 suppresses both apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata 573-1121, Japan.
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Fu D, Yu JY, Yang S, Wu M, Hammad SM, Connell AR, Du M, Chen J, Lyons TJ. Survival or death: a dual role for autophagy in stress-induced pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2251-61. [PMID: 27475954 PMCID: PMC5016562 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Intra-retinal extravasation and modification of LDL have been implicated in diabetic retinopathy: autophagy may mediate these effects. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect autophagy marker LC3B in human and murine diabetic and non-diabetic retinas. Cultured human retinal capillary pericytes (HRCPs) were treated with in vitro-modified heavily-oxidised glycated LDL (HOG-LDL) vs native LDL (N-LDL) with or without autophagy modulators: green fluorescent protein-LC3 transfection; small interfering RNAs against Beclin-1, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP); autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/l) and/or caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk (100 μmol/l). Autophagy, cell viability, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, JNK activation, apoptosis and CHOP expression were assessed by western blots, CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. Finally, HOG-LDL vs N-LDL were injected intravitreally to STZ-induced diabetic vs control rats (yielding 50 and 200 mg protein/l intravitreal concentration) and, after 7 days, retinas were analysed for ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS Intra-retinal autophagy (LC3B staining) was increased in diabetic vs non-diabetic humans and mice. In HRCPs, 50 mg/l HOG-LDL elicited autophagy without altering cell viability, and inhibition of autophagy decreased survival. At 100-200 mg/l, HOG-LDL caused significant cell death, and inhibition of either autophagy or apoptosis improved survival. Further, 25-200 mg/l HOG-LDL dose-dependently induced oxidative and ER stress. JNK activation was implicated in autophagy but not in apoptosis. In diabetic rat retina, 50 mg/l intravitreal HOG-LDL elicited autophagy and ER stress but not apoptosis; 200 mg/l elicited greater ER stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy has a dual role in diabetic retinopathy: under mild stress (50 mg/l HOG-LDL) it is protective; under more severe stress (200 mg/l HOG-LDL) it promotes cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Fu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeremy Y Yu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shihe Yang
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anna R Connell
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mei Du
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Thansa K, Yocawibun P, Suksodsai H. The cellular death pattern of primary haemocytes isolated from the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 57:243-251. [PMID: 27561625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A key to successfully generate the penaeid shrimp cell line is to find out how primary cells died. The most suitable period to culture Penaeus monodon haemocytes was in the first 48 h of culture because cells had normal morphology, high percent of viable cells (65.29 ± 5.43%), low percent of early (11.75 ± 1.30%) and late apoptotic cells (15.47 ± 11.71%) determined by Annexin V and TUNEL including constant IAP (0.06 ± 0.01-0.07 ± 0.01) and caspase-3 expression (0.30 ± 0.06-0.39 ± 0.10) by real-time PCR throughout the experiment. Moreover, adding 50 and 250 μM of the cell permeable pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK produced some melanised cells since the 48(th) hour, while percent of viable cells was decreased since the 24(th) hour with no difference in percent of early and late apoptotic cells compared to control at each time point. No difference of IAP and caspase-3 expression level in both Z-VAD-FMK groups was found compared to control and vehicle groups at each time point, excluding caspase-3 in 250 μM Z-VAD-FMK at the 24(th) hour was higher than control and vehicle. Supplementing sodium fluoride (NaF) induced cell membrane damage and cellular shrinkage of primary haemocytes within 2 h. Even percent of viable cells was reduced down to zero and percent of late apoptotic cells was increased by 2 h of incubation in 25 and 50 mM NaF, IAP and caspase-3 in all NaF groups was not different from control. These results indicate that a number of primary haemocytes derived in this study die through the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanta Thansa
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Patchari Yocawibun
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hathaitip Suksodsai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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Cudré-Cung HP, Zavadakova P, do Vale-Pereira S, Remacle N, Henry H, Ivanisevic J, Tavel D, Braissant O, Ballhausen D. Ammonium accumulation is a primary effect of 2-methylcitrate exposure in an in vitro model for brain damage in methylmalonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:57-67. [PMID: 27599447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using 3D organotypic rat brain cell cultures in aggregates we recently identified 2-methylcitrate (2-MCA) as the main toxic metabolite for developing brain cells in methylmalonic aciduria. Exposure to 2-MCA triggered morphological changes and apoptosis of brain cells. This was accompanied by increased ammonium and decreased glutamine levels. However, the sequence and causal relationship between these phenomena remained unclear. To understand the sequence and time course of pathogenic events, we exposed 3D rat brain cell aggregates to different concentrations of 2-MCA (0.1, 0.33 and 1.0mM) from day in vitro (DIV) 11 to 14. Aggregates were harvested at different time points from DIV 12 to 19. We compared the effects of a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA administered on DIV 11 to the effects of repeated doses of 1mM 2-MCA. Pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD FMK or Q-VD-OPh were used to block apoptosis. Ammonium accumulation in the culture medium started within few hours after the first 2-MCA exposure. Morphological changes of the developing brain cells were already visible after 17h. The highest rate of cleaved caspase-3 was observed after 72h. A dose-response relationship was observed for all effects. Surprisingly, a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA was sufficient to induce all of the biochemical and morphological changes in this model. 2-MCA-induced ammonium accumulation and morphological changes were not prevented by concomitant treatment of the cultures with pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD FMK or Q-VD-OPh: ammonium increased rapidly after a single 1mM 2-MCA administration even after apoptosis blockade. We conclude that following exposure to 2-MCA, ammonium production in brain cell cultures is an early phenomenon, preceding cell degeneration and apoptosis, and may actually be the cause of the other changes observed. The fact that a single dose of 1mM 2-MCA is sufficient to induce deleterious effects over several days highlights the potential damaging effects of even short-lasting metabolic decompensations in children affected by methylmalonic aciduria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Zavadakova
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | | | - Noémie Remacle
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Biomedicine, Innovation & Development, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Research Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Tavel
- Department of Physiology, Lausanne University, Switzerland
| | | | - Diana Ballhausen
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
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Yang JB, Khan M, He YY, Yao M, Li YM, Gao HW, Ma TH. Tubeimoside-1 induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:950-62. [PMID: 27292614 PMCID: PMC4933758 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1), a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet (Cucurbitaceae), has shown anticancer activities in various cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity and molecular targets of TBMS1 in human prostate cancer cells in vitro. METHODS DU145 and P3 human prostate cancer cells were treated with TBMS1. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected. ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle profile were examined. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of relevant proteins in the cells. RESULTS TBMS1 (5-100 μmol/L) significantly suppressed the viability of DU145 and P3 cells with IC50 values of approximately 10 and 20 μmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, TBMS1 dose-dependently induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in DU145 and P3 cells. In DU145 cells, TBMS1 induced mitochondrial apoptosis, evidenced by ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulated Bcl-2 family protein and cleaved caspase-3, and activated ASK-1 and its downstream targets p38 and JNK. The G0/G1 phase arrest was linked to increased expression of p53 and p21 and decreased expression of cyclin E and cdk2. Co-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) could attenuate TBMS1-induced apoptosis but did not prevent G0/G1 arrest. Moreover, co-treatment with NAC (ROS scavenger), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or salubrinal (ER stress inhibitor) significantly attenuated TBMS1-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION TBMS1 induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-bo Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang-yang He
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yong-ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hong-wen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tong-hui Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Yuan Z, Ying XP, Zhong WJ, Tian SM, Wang Y, Jia YR, Chen W, Fu JL, Zhao P, Zhou ZC. Autophagy Attenuates MnCl2-induced Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Biomed Environ Sci 2016; 29:494-504. [PMID: 27554119 DOI: 10.3967/bes2016.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of autophagy in MnCl2-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Autophagic vacuoles were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cellular levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were measured by western blotting. RESULTS 16HBE cell proliferation was inhibited by MnCl2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MnCl2-induced 16HBE cell growth inhibition was related to MMP depolarization prior to the induction of apoptosis. Our data revealed that MnCl2-induced apoptosis in 16HBE cells was mediated by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. It was observed that when we exposed 16HBE cells to MnCl2 in a dose-dependent manner, the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC-3B-II were elevated. RNA interference of LC3B in these MnCl2-exposed cells demonstrated that MMP loss and apoptosis were enhanced. Additionally, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK increased the cellular levels of Bcl-2 and decreased apoptosis, but did not affect the cellular levels of LC3B in MnCl2-treated 16HBE cells. CONCLUSION MnCl2 dose- and time-dependently inhibits 16HBE cell proliferation and induces MMP loss and apoptosis. Autophagy acts in a protective role against MnCl2-induced apoptosis in 16HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Ping Ying
- Department of Toxicology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wei Jian Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shi Min Tian
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Rui Jia
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Ling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zong Can Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Niu Y, Dai J, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang S, Zhang D. Positive effect of apoptotic inhibitor z-vad-fmk on vitrified-thawed porcine mii stage oocytes. Cryo Letters 2016; 37:188-195. [PMID: 27393955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental potential of vitrified porcine oocytes is very lower, and apoptosis is considered as one of the key factors involved. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of apoptotic inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK addition into the incubation medium after warming on apoptosis and developmental ability of vitrified porcine MII-stage oocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The activities of several caspases, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and early apoptotic levels were measured. Parthenogenetic developmental ability and relative expression levels of apoptosis related genes were also detected. RESULTS Caspase activity and early apoptotic level of the Z-VAD-FMK group were significantly lower than those of the group without Z-VAD-FMK addition, but were much higher than those of fresh group (P < 0.05). The ΔΨm of Z-VAD-FMK group was 1.19, higher than the vitrified group (0.91) and lower than the fresh group (1.33). The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate after parthenogenetic activation in the Z-VAD-FMK group were much higher than those in the vitrified group, and much lower than those in the fresh group (P < 0.05). Vitrified porcine oocytes exhibited increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes (caspase 3, 8, 9, TNF-α) and decreased genes expression levels of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, CuZnSOD), and the Z-VAD-FMK addition in incubaiton medium significantly decreased the transcripts levels of caspase 3,8,9, Bax, TNF-α and increased Bcl-2 and CuZnSOD genes expression. CONCLUSION The addition of apoptotic inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK into the incubation medium after warming improved the in vitro developmental ability of vitrified porcine oocytes by increasing mitochondrial function, reducing apoptotic level and changing apoptosis-elated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Niu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaning Chen
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China.
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