1
|
Lu C, Chen H, Wang C, Yang F, Li J, Liu H, Chen G. An Emerging Role of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Chronic Kidney Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798683. [PMID: 35154075 PMCID: PMC8825483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) was initially identified as an inhibitory molecule on IFNγ-producing T cells. Further research discovered the broad expression of TIM3 on different immune cells binding to multiple ligands. Apart from its suppressive effects on the Th1 cells, recent compelling experiments highlighted the indispensable role of TIM3 in the myeloid cell-mediated inflammatory response, supporting that TIM3 exerts pleiotropic effects on both adaptive and innate immune cells in a context-dependent manner. A large number of studies have been conducted on TIM3 biology in the disease settings of infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence to closely evaluate the role of T cell-expressing TIM3 in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we reported an intriguing case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection that was characterized by persistent overexpression of TIM3 on circulating T cells and ongoing kidney tubulointerstitial inflammation for a period of 12 months. In this case, multiple histopathological biopsies revealed a massive accumulation of recruited T cells and macrophages in the enlarged kidney and liver. After standard anti-Mtb treatment, repeated renal biopsy identified a dramatic remission of the infiltrated immune cells in the tubulointerstitial compartment. This is the first clinical report to reveal a time-course expression of TIM3 on the T cells, which is pathologically associated with the progression of severe kidney inflammation in a non-autoimmunity setting. Based on this case, we summarize the recent findings on TIM3 biology and propose a novel model of CKD progression due to the aberrant crosstalk among immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diaz-Garrido N, Badia J, Baldomà L. Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles Influences the Cytokine Profile and Exosome Cargo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020344. [PMID: 35057528 PMCID: PMC8778470 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria release extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as an intercellular communication mechanism that primes the host innate immune system. BEVs from E. coli activate dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent T-cell responses in a strain-specific manner. The specific immunomodulatory effects were, in part, mediated by differential regulation of miRNAs. This study aimed to deepen understanding of the mechanisms of BEVs to drive specific immune responses by analyzing their impact on DC-secreted cytokines and exosomes. DCs were challenged with BEVs from probiotic and commensal E. coli strains. The ability of DC-secreted factors to activate T-cell responses was assessed by cytokine quantification in indirect DCs/naïve CD4+ T-cells co-cultures on Transwell supports. DC-exosomes were characterized in terms of costimulatory molecules and miRNAs cargo. In the absence of direct cellular contacts, DC-secreted factors triggered secretion of effector cytokines by T-cells with the same trend as direct DC/T-cell co-cultures. The main differences between the strains influenced the production of Th1- and Treg-specific cytokines. Exosomes released by BEV-activated DCs were enriched in surface proteins involved in antigen presentation and T-cell activation, but differed in the content of immune-related miRNA, depending on the origin of the BEVs. These differences were consistent with the derived immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Diaz-Garrido
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.D.-G.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jalal K, Abu-Izneid T, Khan K, Abbas M, Hayat A, Bawazeer S, Uddin R. Identification of vaccine and drug targets in Shigella dysenteriae sd197 using reverse vaccinology approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:251. [PMID: 34997046 PMCID: PMC8742002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis is characterized as diarrheal disease that causes a high mortality rate especially in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. More recently, the World Health Organization advised safe vaccine designing against shigellosis due to the emergence of Shigella dysenteriae resistant strains. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify novel drug targets as well as the design of the potential vaccine candidates and chimeric vaccine models against Shigella dysenteriae. A computational based Reverse Vaccinology along with subtractive genomics analysis is one of the robust approaches used for the prioritization of drug targets and vaccine candidates through direct screening of genome sequence assemblies. Herein, a successfully designed peptide-based novel highly antigenic chimeric vaccine candidate against Shigella dysenteriae sd197 strain is proposed. The study resulted in six epitopes from outer membrane WP_000188255.1 (Fe (3+) dicitrate transport protein FecA) that ultimately leads to the construction of twelve vaccine models. Moreover, V9 construct was found to be highly immunogenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, highly antigenic, and most stable in terms of molecular docking and simulation studies against six HLAs and TLRS/MD complex. So far, this protein and multiepitope have never been characterized as vaccine targets against Shigella dysenteriae. The current study proposed that V9 could be a significant vaccine candidate against shigellosis and to ascertain that further experiments may be applied by the scientific community focused on shigellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Jalal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University Al Ain Campus, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kanwal Khan
- Lab 103 PCMD Ext. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Lab 103 PCMD Ext. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tomás-Cortázar J, Bossi L, Quinn C, Reynolds CJ, Butler DK, Corcoran N, Murchú MÓ, McMahon E, Singh M, Rongkard P, Anguita J, Blanco A, Dunachie SJ, Altmann D, Boyton RJ, Arnold J, Giltaire S, McClean S. BpOmpW Antigen Stimulates the Necessary Protective T-Cell Responses Against Melioidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767359. [PMID: 34966388 PMCID: PMC8710444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and is estimated to cause 89,000 deaths per year in endemic areas of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. People with diabetes mellitus are most at risk of melioidosis, with a 12-fold increased susceptibility for severe disease. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses from CD4 and CD8 T cells, but also from natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, are necessary to eliminate the pathogen. We previously reported that immunization with B. pseudomallei OmpW (BpOmpW antigen) protected mice from lethal B. pseudomallei challenge for up to 81 days. Elucidating the immune correlates of protection of the protective BpOmpW vaccine is an essential step prior to clinical trials. Thus, we immunized either non-insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice or an insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a single dose of BpOmpW. BpOmpW induced strong antibody responses, stimulated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and produced higher IFN-γ responses in CD4+, CD8+, NK, and NKT cells in non-insulin-resistant mice. The T-cell responses of insulin-resistant mice to BpOmpW were comparable to those of non-insulin-resistant mice. In addition, as a precursor to its evaluation in human studies, humanized HLA-DR and HLA-DQ (human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ isotypes, respectively) transgenic mice elicited IFN-γ recall responses in an enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot)-based study. Moreover, human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to BpOmpW for 7 days showed T-cell proliferation. Finally, plasma from melioidosis survivors with diabetes recognized our BpOmpW vaccine antigen. Overall, the range of approaches used strongly indicated that BpOmpW elicits the necessary immune responses to combat melioidosis and bring this vaccine closer to clinical trials.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/metabolism
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Male
- Melioidosis/immunology
- Melioidosis/microbiology
- Melioidosis/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/microbiology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Bossi
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Conor Quinn
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine J. Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh Corcoran
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maitiú Ó Murchú
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eve McMahon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Patpong Rongkard
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Arnold
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou AX, Scriba TJ, Day CL, Hagge DA, Seshadri C. A simple assay to quantify mycobacterial lipid antigen-specific T cell receptors in human tissues and blood. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010018. [PMID: 34914694 PMCID: PMC8717985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) encode the history of antigenic challenge within an individual and have the potential to serve as molecular markers of infection. In addition to peptide antigens bound to highly polymorphic MHC molecules, T cells have also evolved to recognize bacterial lipids when bound to non-polymorphic CD1 molecules. One such subset, germline-encoded, mycolyl lipid-reactive (GEM) T cells, recognizes mycobacterial cell wall lipids and expresses a conserved TCR-ɑ chain that is shared among genetically unrelated individuals. We developed a quantitative PCR assay to determine expression of the GEM TCR-ɑ nucleotide sequence in human tissues and blood. This assay was validated on plasmids and T cell lines. We tested blood samples from South African subjects with or without tuberculin reactivity or with active tuberculosis disease. We were able to detect GEM TCR-ɑ above the limit of detection in 92% of donors but found no difference in GEM TCR-ɑ expression among the three groups after normalizing for total TCR-ɑ expression. In a cohort of leprosy patients from Nepal, we successfully detected GEM TCR-ɑ in 100% of skin biopsies with histologically confirmed tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. Thus, GEM T cells constitute part of the T cell repertoire in the skin. However, GEM TCR-ɑ expression was not different between leprosy patients and control subjects after normalization. Further, these results reveal the feasibility of developing a simple, field deployable molecular diagnostic based on mycobacterial lipid antigen-specific TCR sequences that are readily detectable in human tissues and blood independent of genetic background.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Cell Wall/genetics
- Cell Wall/immunology
- Cohort Studies
- Humans
- Leprosy/blood
- Leprosy/diagnosis
- Leprosy/immunology
- Leprosy/microbiology
- Lipids/immunology
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
- Mycobacterium/genetics
- Mycobacterium/immunology
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Nepal
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- South Africa
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/blood
- Tuberculosis/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela X. Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheryl L. Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deanna A. Hagge
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Anandaban Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang BZ, Hu D, Dou Y, Xiong L, Wang X, Hu J, Xing SZ, Li W, Cai JP, Jin M, Zhang M, Lin Q, Li M, Yuen KY, Huang JD. Identification and Evaluation of Recombinant Outer Membrane Proteins as Vaccine Candidates Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730116. [PMID: 34745099 PMCID: PMC8564470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae found in the normal flora of the human oral and intestinal tract mainly causes hospital-acquired infections but can also cause community-acquired infections. To date, most clinical trials of vaccines against K. pneumoniae have ended in failure. Furthermore, no single conserved protein has been identified as an antigen candidate to accelerate vaccine development. In this study, we identified five outer membrane proteins of K. pneumoniae, namely, Kpn_Omp001, Kpn_Omp002, Kpn_Omp003, Kpn_Omp004, and Kpn_Omp005, by using reliable second-generation proteomics and bioinformatics. Mice vaccinated with these five KOMPs elicited significantly higher antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. However, only Kpn_Omp001, Kpn_Omp002, and Kpn_Omp005 were able to induce a protective immune response with two K. pneumoniae infection models. These protective effects were accompanied by the involvement of different immune responses induced by KOMPs, which included KOMPs-specific IFN-γ-, IL4-, and IL17A-mediated immune responses. These findings indicate that Kpn_Omp001, Kpn_Omp002, and Kpn_Omp005 are three potential Th1, Th2, and Th17 candidate antigens, which could be developed into multivalent and serotype-independent vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Dou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jingchu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Xing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiubin Lin
- Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng ZH, Li SQ, Zhang JX, Ni B, Bai XR, Xu JH, Liu ZB, Xin WW, Kang L, Gao S, Wang J, Li YW, Li JX, Yuan Y, Wang JL. Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles, Cytokines, and Bacterial Loads Relevant to Alcoholic Liver Disease Mice Infected With V. vulnificus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695491. [PMID: 34489943 PMCID: PMC8417779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver disease are susceptible to infection with Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus), but the specific reasons remain elusive. Through RNA-seq, we found that when mice with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were infected with V. vulnificus by gavage, compared with the Pair group, the small intestinal genes affecting intestinal permeability were upregulated; and the number of differentially expressed genes related to immune functions (e.g., such as cell chemotaxis, leukocyte differentiation, and neutrophil degranulation) decreased in the liver, spleen, and blood. Further analysis showed that the number of white blood cells decreased in the Pair group, whereas those in the ALD mice did not change significantly. Interestingly, the blood bacterial load in the ALD mice was about 100 times higher than that of the Pair group. After the ALD mice were infected with V. vulnificus, the concentrations of T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines (IL-2, IL-23) decreased. Therefore, unlike the Pair group, ALD mice had weaker immune responses, lower T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines, and higher bacterial loads post-infection, possibly increasing their susceptibility to V. vulnificus infection. These new findings we presented here may help to advance the current understanding of the reasons why patients with liver disease are susceptible to V. vulnificus infection and provides potential targets for further investigation in the context of treatment options for V. vulnificus sepsis in liver disease patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Liu
- Rongcheng International Travel Health Care Center, Rong Cheng Customs, Rongcheng, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kohn M, Lanfermann C, Laudeley R, Glage S, Rheinheimer C, Klos A. Complement and Chlamydia psittaci: Non-Myeloid-Derived C3 Predominantly Induces Protective Adaptive Immune Responses in Mouse Lung Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626627. [PMID: 33746963 PMCID: PMC7969653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in complement research have revolutionized our understanding of its role in immune responses. The immunomodulatory features of complement in infections by intracellular pathogens, e.g., viruses, are attracting increasing attention. Thereby, local production and activation of complement by myeloid-derived cells seem to be crucial. We could recently show that C3, a key player of the complement cascade, is required for effective defense against the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. Avian zoonotic strains of this pathogen cause life-threatening pneumonia with systemic spread in humans; closely related non-avian strains are responsible for less severe diseases of domestic animals with economic loss. To clarify how far myeloid- and non-myeloid cell-derived complement contributes to immune response and resulting protection against C. psittaci, adoptive bone marrow transfer experiments focusing on C3 were combined with challenge experiments using a non-avian (BSL 2) strain of this intracellular bacterium. Surprisingly, our data prove that for C. psittaci-induced pneumonia in mice, non-myeloid-derived, circulating/systemic C3 has a leading role in protection, in particular on the development of pathogen-specific T- and B- cell responses. In contrast, myeloid-derived and most likely locally produced C3 plays only a minor, mainly fine-tuning role. The work we present here describes authentic, although less pronounced, antigen directed immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Lanfermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Laudeley
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Rheinheimer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baranov MV, Kumar M, Sacanna S, Thutupalli S, van den Bogaart G. Modulation of Immune Responses by Particle Size and Shape. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607945. [PMID: 33679696 PMCID: PMC7927956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has to cope with a wide range of irregularly shaped pathogens that can actively move (e.g., by flagella) and also dynamically remodel their shape (e.g., transition from yeast-shaped to hyphal fungi). The goal of this review is to draw general conclusions of how the size and geometry of a pathogen affect its uptake and processing by phagocytes of the immune system. We compared both theoretical and experimental studies with different cells, model particles, and pathogenic microbes (particularly fungi) showing that particle size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness are important parameters for cellular uptake and subsequent immune responses, particularly inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles affect immune responses can aid the design of better vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V. Baranov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Simons Center for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Stefano Sacanna
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shashi Thutupalli
- Simons Center for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez A, Shoen C, Cynamon M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Paiola M, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Developing Tadpole Xenopus laevis as a Comparative Animal Model to Study Mycobacterium abscessus Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E806. [PMID: 33467397 PMCID: PMC7829954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an emerging, nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) that infects humans. Mab has two morphotypes, smooth (S) and rough (R), related to the production of glycopeptidolipid (GPL), that differ in pathogenesis. To further understand the pathogenicity of these morphotypes in vivo, the amphibian Xenopus laevis was used as an alternative animal model. Mab infections have been previously modeled in zebrafish embryos and mice, but Mab are cleared early from immunocompetent mice, preventing the study of chronic infection, and the zebrafish model cannot be used to model a pulmonary infection and T cell involvement. Here, we show that X. laevis tadpoles, which have lungs and T cells, can be used as a complementary model for persistent Mab infection and pathogenesis. Intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation of S and R Mab morphotypes disseminated to tadpole tissues including liver and lungs, persisting for up to 40 days without significant mortality. Furthermore, the R morphotype was more persistent, maintaining a higher bacterial load at 40 days postinoculation. In contrast, the intracardiac (IC) inoculation with S Mab induced significantly greater mortality than inoculation with the R Mab form. These data suggest that X. laevis tadpoles can serve as a useful comparative experimental organism to investigate pathogenesis and host resistance to M. abscessus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Lopez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.L.); (D.D.); (M.P.); (M.S.P.J.)
| | - Carolyn Shoen
- Central New York Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Cynamon
- Central New York Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (C.S.); (M.C.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.L.); (D.D.); (M.P.); (M.S.P.J.)
| | - Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.L.); (D.D.); (M.P.); (M.S.P.J.)
| | - Martin S. Pavelka
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.L.); (D.D.); (M.P.); (M.S.P.J.)
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.L.); (D.D.); (M.P.); (M.S.P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vergkizi S, Nikolakakis I. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine generates immunoregulatory cells in the cervical lymph nodes in guinea pigs injected intra dermally. Vaccine 2020; 38:7629-7637. [PMID: 33071000 PMCID: PMC7562966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the presence of immune regulatory cells in the cervical lymph nodes draining Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated site on the dorsum of the ear in guinea pigs. It is shown that whole cervical lymph node cells did not proliferate in vitro in the presence of soluble mycobacterial antigens (PPD or leprosin) despite being responsive to whole mycobacteria. Besides, T cells from these lymph nodes separated as a non-adherent fraction on a nylon wool column, proliferated to PPD in the presence of autologous antigen presenting cells. Interestingly, addition of as low as 20% nylon wool adherent cells to these, sharply decreased the proliferation by 83%. Looking into what cells in the adherent fraction suppressed the proliferation, it was found that neither the T cell nor the macrophage enriched cell fractions of this population individually showed suppressive effect, indicating that their co-presence was necessary for the suppression. Since BCG induced granulomas resolve much faster than granulomas induced by other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae the present experimental findings add to the existing evidence that intradermal BCG vaccination influences subsequent immune responses in the host and may further stress upon its beneficial role seen in Covid-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souzan Vergkizi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Labarta-Bajo L, Gramalla-Schmitz A, Gerner RR, Kazane KR, Humphrey G, Schwartz T, Sanders K, Swafford A, Knight R, Raffatellu M, Zúñiga EI. CD8 T cells drive anorexia, dysbiosis, and blooms of a commensal with immunosuppressive potential after viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24998-25007. [PMID: 32958643 PMCID: PMC7547153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003656117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections elicit immune adaptations to enable pathogen resistance and/or tolerance and are associated with compositional shifts of the intestinal microbiome. However, a comprehensive understanding of how infections with pathogens that exhibit distinct capability to spread and/or persist differentially change the microbiome, the underlying mechanisms, and the relative contribution of individual commensal species to immune cell adaptations is still lacking. Here, we discovered that mouse infection with a fast-spreading and persistent (but not a slow-spreading acute) isolate of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induced large-scale microbiome shifts characterized by increased Verrucomicrobia and reduced Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio. Remarkably, the most profound microbiome changes occurred transiently after infection with the fast-spreading persistent isolate, were uncoupled from sustained viral loads, and were instead largely caused by CD8 T cell responses and/or CD8 T cell-induced anorexia. Among the taxa enriched by infection with the fast-spreading virus, Akkermansia muciniphila, broadly regarded as a beneficial commensal, bloomed upon starvation and in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner. Strikingly, oral administration of A. muciniphila suppressed selected effector features of CD8 T cells in the context of both infections. Our findings define unique microbiome differences after chronic versus acute viral infections and identify CD8 T cell responses and downstream anorexia as driver mechanisms of microbial dysbiosis after infection with a fast-spreading virus. Our data also highlight potential context-dependent effects of probiotics and suggest a model in which changes in host behavior and downstream microbiome dysbiosis may constitute a previously unrecognized negative feedback loop that contributes to CD8 T cell adaptations after infections with fast-spreading and/or persistent pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Labarta-Bajo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Anna Gramalla-Schmitz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katelynn R Kazane
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tara Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Austin Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, Chiba University-University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elina I Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McQueen BE, Kiatthanapaiboon A, Fulcher ML, Lam M, Patton K, Powell E, Kollipara A, Madden V, Suchland RJ, Wyrick P, O'Connell CM, Reidel B, Kesimer M, Randell SH, Darville T, Nagarajan UM. Human Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cell Culture Model To Study Host Responses to Chlamydia trachomatis Infection. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00105-20. [PMID: 32601108 PMCID: PMC7440757 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00105-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the human fallopian tubes can lead to damaging inflammation and scarring, ultimately resulting in infertility. To study the human cellular responses to chlamydial infection, researchers have frequently used transformed cell lines that can have limited translational relevance. We developed a primary human fallopian tube epithelial cell model based on a method previously established for culture of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. After protease digestion and physical dissociation of excised fallopian tubes, epithelial cell precursors were expanded in growth factor-containing medium. Expanded cells were cryopreserved to generate a biobank of cells from multiple donors and cultured at an air-liquid interface. Culture conditions stimulated cellular differentiation into polarized mucin-secreting and multiciliated cells, recapitulating the architecture of human fallopian tube epithelium. The polarized and differentiated cells were infected with a clinical isolate of C. trachomatis, and inclusions containing chlamydial developmental forms were visualized by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Apical secretions from infected cells contained increased amounts of proteins associated with chlamydial growth and replication, including transferrin receptor protein 1, the amino acid transporters SLC3A2 and SLC1A5, and the T-cell chemoattractants CXCL10, CXCL11, and RANTES. Flow cytometry revealed that chlamydial infection induced cell surface expression of T-cell homing and activation proteins, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, HLA class I and II, and interferon gamma receptor. This human fallopian tube epithelial cell culture model is an important tool with translational potential for studying cellular responses to Chlamydia and other sexually transmitted pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E McQueen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Kiatthanapaiboon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Leslie Fulcher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariam Lam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Patton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Powell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J Suchland
- University of Washington, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Priscilla Wyrick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine M O'Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Boris Reidel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Uma M Nagarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee J, Boyce S, Powers J, Baer C, Sassetti CM, Behar SM. CD11cHi monocyte-derived macrophages are a major cellular compartment infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008621. [PMID: 32544188 PMCID: PMC7319360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During tuberculosis, lung myeloid cells have two opposing roles: they are an intracellular niche occupied by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and they restrict bacterial replication. Lung myeloid cells from mice infected with yellow-fluorescent protein expressing M. tuberculosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling to identify the cell types infected and their response to infection. CD14, CD38, and Abca1 were expressed more highly by infected alveolar macrophages and CD11cHi monocyte-derived cells compared to uninfected cells. CD14, CD38, and Abca1 "triple positive" (TP) cells had not only the highest infection rates and bacterial loads, but also a strong interferon-γ signature and nitric oxide synthetase-2 production indicating recognition by T cells. Despite evidence of T cell recognition and appropriate activation, these TP macrophages are a cellular compartment occupied by M. tuberculosis long-term. Defining the niche where M. tuberculosis resists elimination promises to provide insight into why inducing sterilizing immunity is a formidable challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shayla Boyce
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang H, Huang Y, Qi M, Liao S, Bin P, Yin Y. Effects of GABA Supplementation on Intestinal SIgA Secretion and Gut Microbiota in the Healthy and ETEC-Infected Weanling Piglets. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7368483. [PMID: 32565729 PMCID: PMC7271228 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7368483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has been considered a major cause of diarrhea which is a serious public health problem in humans and animals. This study was aimed at examining the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion and gut microbiota profile in healthy and ETEC-infected weaning piglets. A total of thirty-seven weaning piglets were randomly distributed into two groups fed with the basal diet or supplemented with 40 mg·kg-1 of GABA for three weeks, and some piglets were infected with ETEC at the last week. According to whether ETEC was inoculated or not, the experiment was divided into two stages (referred as CON1 and CON2 and GABA1 and GABA2). The growth performance, organ indices, amino acid levels, and biochemical parameters of serum, intestinal SIgA concentration, gut microbiota composition, and intestinal metabolites were analyzed at the end of each stage. We found that, in both the normal and ETEC-infected piglets, jejunal SIgA secretion and expression of some cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17, were increased by GABA supplementation. Meanwhile, we observed that some low-abundance microbes, like Enterococcus and Bacteroidetes, were markedly increased in GABA-supplemented groups. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the nitrogen metabolism, sphingolipid signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments were enriched in the GABA1 group. Further analysis revealed that alterations in microbial metabolism were closely correlated to changes in the abundances of Enterococcus and Bacteroidetes. In conclusion, GABA supplementation can enhance intestinal mucosal immunity by promoting jejunal SIgA secretion, which might be related with the T-cell-dependent pathway and altered gut microbiota structure and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mir RA, Schaut RG, Allen HK, Looft T, Loving CL, Kudva IT, Sharma VK. Cattle intestinal microbiota shifts following Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccination and colonization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226099. [PMID: 31805148 PMCID: PMC6894827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination-induced Escherichia coli O157:H7-specific immune responses have been shown to reduce E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle. Although E. coli O157:H7 colonization is correlated with perturbations in intestinal microbial diversity, it is not yet known whether vaccination against E. coli O157:H7 could cause shifts in bovine intestinal microbiota. To understand the impact of E. coli O157:H7 vaccination and colonization on intestinal microbial diversity, cattle were vaccinated with two doses of different E. coli O157:H7 vaccine formulations. Six weeks post-vaccination, the two vaccinated groups (Vx-Ch) and one non-vaccinated group (NonVx-Ch) were orally challenged with E. coli O157:H7. Another group was neither vaccinated nor challenged (NonVx-NonCh). Fecal microbiota analysis over a 30-day period indicated a significant (FDR corrected, p <0.05) association of bacterial community structure with vaccination until E. coli O157:H7 challenge. Shannon diversity index and species richness were significantly lower in vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated groups after E. coli O157:H7 challenge (p < 0.05). The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (p > 0.05) was not associated with vaccination but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated calves after E. coli O157:H7 challenge. Similarly, Vx-Ch calves had higher relative abundance of Paeniclostridium spp. and Christenellaceae R7 group while Campylobacter spp., and Sutterella spp. were more abundant in NonVx-Ch group post-E. coli O157:H7 challenge. Only Vx-Ch calves had significantly higher (p < 0.001) E. coli O157:H7-specific serum IgG but no detectable E. coli O157:H7-specific IgA. However, E. coli O157:H7-specific IL-10-producing T cells were detected in vaccinated animals prior to challenge, but IFN-γ-producing T cells were not detected. Neither E. coli O157:H7-specific IgG nor IgA were detected in blood or feces, respectively, of NonVx-Ch and NonVx-NonCh groups prior to or post vaccinations. Both Vx-Ch and NonVx-Ch animals shed detectable levels of challenge strain during the course of the study. Despite the lack of protection with the vaccine formulations there were detectable shifts in the microbiota of vaccinated animals before and after challenge with E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raies A. Mir
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Schaut
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Heather K. Allen
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Torey Looft
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Indira T. Kudva
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VKS); (ITK)
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VKS); (ITK)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gideon HP, Phuah J, Junecko BA, Mattila JT. Neutrophils express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1370-1381. [PMID: 31434990 PMCID: PMC6824993 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the mechanisms by which they promote disease are not fully understood. Neutrophils can express cytokines that influence TB progression, and so we compared neutrophil and T-cell expression of the Th1 cytokines IFNγ and TNF, the Th2 cytokine IL-4, and regulatory cytokine IL-10 in M. tuberculosis-infected macaques to determine if neutrophil cytokine expression contributes to dysregulated immunity in TB. We found that peripheral blood neutrophils produced cytokines after stimulation by mycobacterial antigens and inactive and viable M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis antigen-stimulated neutrophils inhibited antigen-specific T-cell IFNγ production. In lung granulomas, neutrophil cytokine expression resembled T-cell cytokine expression, and although there was histologic evidence for neutrophil interaction with T cells, neutrophil cytokine expression was not correlated with T-cell cytokine expression or bacteria load. There was substantial overlap in the spatial arrangement of cytokine-expressing neutrophils and T cells, but IL-10-expressing neutrophils were also abundant in bacteria-rich areas between caseum and epithelioid macrophages. These results suggest that neutrophils contribute to the cytokine milieu in granulomas and may be important immunoregulatory cells in TB granulomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jiayao Phuah
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Beth A Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity consist of highly specialized immune lineages that depend on transcription factors for both function and development. In this review, we dissect the similarities between two innate lineages, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs), and an adaptive immune lineage, T cells. ILCs, DCs, and T cells make up four functional immune modules and interact in concert to produce a specified immune response. These three immune lineages also share transcriptional networks governing the development of each lineage, and we discuss the similarities between ILCs and DCs in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Parker D. CD80/CD86 signaling contributes to the proinflammatory response of Staphylococcus aureus in the airway. Cytokine 2019; 107:130-136. [PMID: 29402722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It was posited that the initial host response to Staphylococcus aureus is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia. Having previously observed that T cells play a negative role in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia to S. aureus the contribution of the CD80/CD86 pathway in pathogenesis was investigated. Mice lacking CD80 and CD86 had significantly improved survival in a mouse model of acute S. aureus pneumonia. This was accompanied by significant reductions in several proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, MIP-2, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-6, as well as increased numbers of viable alveolar macrophages. Early during infection reductions in cytokine production were evident and cytokine production in response to S. aureus in bone marrow derived macrophages showed decreases in TNF, KC, IL-1α and GM-CSF. Our data suggest that CD80/CD86 signaling plays a significant role in the initial inflammatory response to S. aureus in the airway and could be a potential acute target to reduce the initial inflammatory insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mani S, Toapanta FR, McArthur MA, Qadri F, Svennerholm AM, Devriendt B, Phalipon A, Cohen D, Sztein MB. Role of antigen specific T and B cells in systemic and mucosal immune responses in ETEC and Shigella infections, and their potential to serve as correlates of protection in vaccine development. Vaccine 2019; 37:4787-4793. [PMID: 31230883 PMCID: PMC7413037 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of robust systemic and mucosal antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses that are protective, long-lasting, and can quickly be recalled upon subsequent re-exposure to the cognate antigen is the key to the development of effective vaccine candidates. These responses, whether they represent mechanistic or non-mechanistic immunological correlates of protection, usually entail the activation of T cell memory and effector subsets (T-CMI) and induction of long-lasting memory B cells. However, for ETEC and Shigella, the precise role of these key immune cells in primary and secondary (anamnestic) immune responses remains ill-defined. A workshop to address immune correlates for ETEC and Shigella, in general, and to elucidate the mechanistic role of T-cell subsets and B-cells, both systemically and in the mucosal microenvironment, in the development of durable protective immunity against ETEC and Shigella was held at the recent 2nd Vaccines against Shigella and ETEC (VASE) conference in June 2018. This report is a summary of the presentations and the discussion that ensued at the workshop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franklin R Toapanta
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica A McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Armelle Phalipon
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Cohen
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kortesoja M, Karhu E, Olafsdottir ES, Freysdottir J, Hanski L. Impact of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis on the redox status and activation of human innate immune system cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:309-317. [PMID: 30578916 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling has been established as an essential component of inflammatory responses, and redox active compounds are of interest as potential immunomodulatory agents. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis, a medicinal plant with widespread use in oriental medicine, have been implicated to possess immunomodulatory properties but their effects on the human innate immune system cells have not been described. In this contribution, data are presented on the impact of schisandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C on human monocytic cell redox status, as well as their impact on dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation capacity and cytokine production. In THP-1 cells, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated after 1 h exposure to schisandrin. Schisandrin B and schisandrin C decreased cellular glutathione pools, which is a phenotype previously reported to promote anti-inflammatory functions. Treatment of human primary monocytes with the lignans during their maturation to dendritic cells did not have any effect on the appearance of surface markers HLA-DR and CD86 but schisandrin B and schisandrin C suppressed the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12 by the mature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells maturated in presence of schisandrin C were further cocultured with naïve CD4+ T cells, resulting in reduced IL-12 production. In THP-1 cells, schisandrin B and schisandrin C reduced the IL-6 and IL-12 production triggered by E. coli lipopolysaccharide and IL-12 production induced by an infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. In conclusion, the studied lignans act as immunomodulatory agents by altering the cytokine secretion, but do not interfere with dendritic cell maturation. And the observed effects may be associated with the ability of the lignans to alter cellular redox status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Kortesoja
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Karhu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elin Soffia Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology and Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic lactic acid bacterium that exists in the traditional Japanese seasoning miso-a fermented soy paste. Considering the popularity of miso as a component of healthy diet, we attempted to evaluate the immunoregulatory functions of T. halophilus spices isolated from miso. We screened 56 strains that facilitated the upregulation of activation markers such as CD86 and CD69 on B cells and T cells in vitro. Of these, 7 strains (Nos. 1, 3, 13, 15, 19, 30, and 31) were found to preferentially induce the CD86 expression on B cells. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that T. halophilus strain No. 1 significantly augmented the gene expressions of CD86, CD70, IL-10, INF-γ, and IL-22 in B cells. We confirmed these results at the protein level by flow cytometry. Mice feeding diet containing 1% T. halophilus No. 1 exhibited significantly greater IgA production in the serum. Furthermore, a diet containing 1% T. halophilus No. 1 augmented ovoalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG titer in mice upon OVA/alum immunization. Thus, we demonstrated that T. halophilus No. 1 is a strong immunomodulatory strain with potential as a probiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kumazawa
- Ichibiki CO., LTD. Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hiza H, Fenner L, Hella J, Kuchaka D, Sasamalo M, Blauenfeldt T, Kibiki G, Kavishe RA, Mhimbira F, Ruhwald M. Boosting effect of IL-7 in interferon gamma release assays to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202525. [PMID: 30157233 PMCID: PMC6114790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A quarter of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Myobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Infection is detected by immune response to M. tuberculosis antigens using either tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release (IGRA’s), tests which have low sensitivity in immunocompromised. IL-7 is an important cytokine for T-cell function with potential to augment cytokine release in in-vitro assays. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of IL-7 in interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) improves its diagnostic performance of Mtb infection. Methods 44 cases with confirmed TB and 45 household contacts without TB were recruited and 1ml of blood was stimulated in two separate IGRA’s tube set: one set of standard Quantiferon TB gold tubes mitogen, TB antigen and TB Nil; one set of customized Quantiferon TB gold tubes with added IL-7. Following IFN-γ and IP-10 release was determined using ELISA. Results We found that the addition of IL-7 led to significantly higher release of IFN-γ in individuals with active TB from 4.2IU/ml (IQR 1.4–6.9IU/ml) to 5.1IU/ml (IQR 1.5–8.1IU/ml, p = 0.0057), and we found an indication of a lower release of both IFN-γ and IP-10 in participants with negative tests. Conclusions In TB cases addition of IL-7 in IGRA tubes augments IFN-γ but not IP-10 release, and seems to lower the response in controls. Whether IL-7 boosted IGRA holds potential over standard IGRA needs to be confirmed in larger studies in high and low TB incidence countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Hiza
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jerry Hella
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davis Kuchaka
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Sasamalo
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Blauenfeldt
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gibson Kibiki
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- East African Health Research Commission, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Reginald A Kavishe
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | | | - Morten Ruhwald
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Davey MS, Willcox CR, Baker AT, Hunter S, Willcox BE. Recasting Human Vδ1 Lymphocytes in an Adaptive Role. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:446-459. [PMID: 29680462 PMCID: PMC5980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes commonly described as 'innate-like' in function, which can respond in both a T cell receptor (TCR)-independent and also major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted TCR-dependent manner. While the relative importance of TCR recognition had remained unclear, recent studies revealed that human Vδ1 T cells display unexpected parallels with adaptive αβ T cells. Vδ1 T cells undergo profound and highly focussed clonal expansion from an initially diverse and private TCR repertoire, most likely in response to specific immune challenges. Concomitantly, they differentiate from a Vδ1 T cell naïve (Tnaïve) to a Vδ1 T cell effector (Teffector) phenotype, marked by the downregulation of lymphoid homing receptors and upregulation of peripheral homing receptors and effector markers. This suggests that an adaptive paradigm applies to Vδ1 T cells, likely involving TCR-dependent but MHC-unrestricted responses to microbial and non-microbial challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Davey
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; These authors contributed equally
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; These authors contributed equally
| | - Alfie T Baker
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stuart Hunter
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Host-microbiota mutualism has been established during long-term co-evolution. A diverse and rich gut microbiota plays an essential role in the development and maturation of the host immune system. Education of the adaptive immune compartment by gut microbiota antigens is important in establishing immune balance. In particular, a critical time frame immediately after birth provides a 'window of opportunity' for the development of lymphoid structures, differentiation and maturation of T and B cells and, most importantly, establishment of immune tolerance to gut commensals. Depending on the colonization niche, antigen type and metabolic property of different gut microbes, CD4 T-cell responses vary greatly, which results in differentiation into distinct subsets. As a consequence, certain bacteria elicit effector-like immune responses by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and interleukin-17A, whereas other bacteria favour the generation of regulatory CD4 T cells and provide help with gut homeostasis. The microbiota have profound effects on B cells also. Gut microbial exposure leads to a continuous diversification of B-cell repertoire and the production of T-dependent and -independent antibodies, especially IgA. These combined effects of the gut microbes provide an elegant educational process to the adaptive immune network. Contrariwise, failure of this process results in a reduced homeostasis with the gut microbiota, and an increased susceptibility to various immune disorders, both inside and outside the gut. With more definitive microbial-immune relations waiting to be discovered, modulation of the host gut microbiota has a promising future for disease intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shanley CA, Henao-Tamayo MI, Bipin C, Mugasimangalam R, Verma D, Ordway DJ, Streicher EM, Orme IM. Biology of clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with varying levels of transmission. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:123-133. [PMID: 29559116 PMCID: PMC5884417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli from one individual to another is the basis of the disease process. While considerable emphasis has been placed on the role of host mechanisms of resistance in establishing or preventing new infection, far less has been expended on understanding possible factors operative at the bacterial level. In this study we established a panel of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis strains obtained from the Western Cape region of South Africa, each of which had been carefully tracked in terms of their degree of transmission in the community. Each of the panel were used to infect guinea pigs with 15-20 bacilli by aerosol exposure and the course of the infection then determined. Strains with different degrees of transmission could not be distinguished in terms of their capacity to grow in the main target organs of infected animals. However, rather surprisingly, while strains with no evidence of transmission [NOT] in general caused moderate to severe lung damage, this parameter in animals infected with highly transmitted [HT] strains was mostly mild. In terms of TH1 immunity these signals were strongest in these latter animals, as was IL-17 gene expression, whereas minimal signals for regulatory molecules including IL-10 and FoxP3 were seen across the entire panel. In terms of T cell numbers, responses of both CD4 and CD8 were both far faster and far higher in animals infected with the HT strains. At the gene expression level we observed a major three-fold difference [both up and down] between NOT and HT strains, but in terms of proteins of key interest only a few [including PD-L1 and HIF-3] showed major differences between the two groups. Overall, it was apparent that NOT strains were far more inflammatory that HT strains, and appeared to trigger a much larger number of genes, possibly explaining the observed damage to the lungs and progressive pathology. In contrast, the HT strains, while equally virulent, were more immunogenic and developed much stronger T cell responses, while keeping lung damage to a minimum. Hence, in terms of trying to explain the capacity of these strains to cause transmission, these results are clearly paradoxical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Shanley
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marcela I Henao-Tamayo
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Chand Bipin
- Genotypic Technology Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Deepshika Verma
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Diane J Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Streicher
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ian M Orme
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare, disabling, sometimes fatal central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease that is associated with antibodies ("NMO IgG") that target the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expressed on astrocytes. There is considerable interest in identifying environmental triggers that may elicit production of NMO IgG by AQP4-reactive B cells. Although NMO is considered principally a humoral autoimmune disease, antibodies of NMO IgG are IgG1, a T-cell-dependent immunoglobulin subclass, indicating that AQP4-reactive T cells have a pivotal role in NMO pathogenesis. When AQP4-specific proliferative T cells were first identified in patients with NMO it was discovered that T cells recognizing the dominant AQP4 T-cell epitope exhibited a T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype and displayed cross-reactivity to a homologous peptide sequence within a protein of Clostridium perfringens, a commensal bacterium found in human gut flora. The initial analysis of gut microbiota in NMO demonstrated that, in comparison to healthy controls (HC) and patients with multiple sclerosis, the microbiome of NMO is distinct. Remarkably, C. perfringens was the second most significantly enriched taxon in NMO, and among bacteria identified at the species level, C. perfringens was the one most highly associated with NMO. Those discoveries, along with evidence that certain Clostridia in the gut can regulate the balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, indicate that gut microbiota, and possibly C. perfringens itself, could participate in NMO pathogenesis. Collectively, the evidence linking microbiota to humoral and cellular immunity in NMO underscores the importance for further investigating this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Collin M Spencer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Machelart A, Khadrawi A, Demars A, Willemart K, De Trez C, Letesson JJ, Muraille E. Chronic Brucella Infection Induces Selective and Persistent Interferon Gamma-Dependent Alterations of Marginal Zone Macrophages in the Spleen. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00115-17. [PMID: 28808159 PMCID: PMC5649024 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00115-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is known as an important filter for blood-borne pathogens that are trapped by specialized macrophages in the marginal zone (MZ): the CD209+ MZ macrophages (MZMs) and the CD169+ marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). Acute systemic infection strongly impacts MZ populations and the location of T and B lymphocytes. This phenomenon has been linked to reduced chemokine secretion by stromal cells. Brucella spp. are the causative agent of brucellosis, a widespread zoonotic disease. Here, we used Brucella melitensis infection as a model to investigate the impact of chronic stealth infection on splenic MZ macrophage populations. During the late phase of Brucella infection, we observed a loss of both MZMs and MMMs, with a durable disappearance of MZMs, leading to a reduction of the ability of the spleen to take up soluble antigens, beads, and unrelated bacteria. This effect appears to be selective as every other lymphoid and myeloid population analyzed increased during infection, which was also observed following Brucella abortus and Brucella suis infection. Comparison of wild-type and deficient mice suggested that MZ macrophage population loss is dependent on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor but independent of T cells or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNF-αR1) signaling pathways and is not correlated to an alteration of CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13 chemokine mRNA expression. Our results suggest that MZ macrophage populations are particularly sensitive to persistent low-level IFN-γ-mediated inflammation and that Brucella infection could reduce the ability of the spleen to perform certain MZM- and MMM-dependent tasks, such as antigen delivery to lymphocytes and control of systemic infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Brucella abortus/drug effects
- Brucella abortus/immunology
- Brucella abortus/pathogenicity
- Brucella melitensis/drug effects
- Brucella melitensis/immunology
- Brucella melitensis/pathogenicity
- Brucella suis/drug effects
- Brucella suis/immunology
- Brucella suis/pathogenicity
- Brucellosis/drug therapy
- Brucellosis/genetics
- Brucellosis/immunology
- Brucellosis/microbiology
- Chemokine CCL19/genetics
- Chemokine CCL19/immunology
- Chemokine CCL21/genetics
- Chemokine CCL21/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL13/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL13/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Streptomycin/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Machelart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Abir Khadrawi
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Kevin Willemart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Domaszewska T, Scheuermann L, Hahnke K, Mollenkopf H, Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SHE, Weiner J. Concordant and discordant gene expression patterns in mouse strains identify best-fit animal model for human tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12094. [PMID: 28935874 PMCID: PMC5608750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity in infection, inflammation and malignancy differs markedly in man and mouse. Still, we learn about human immunity in large extent from experimental mouse models. We propose a novel data integration approach which identifies concordant and discordant gene expression patterns of the immune responses in heterologous data sets. We have conducted experiments to compare human and murine transcriptional responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in whole blood (WB) as well as macrophages and compared them with simulated as well as publicly available data. Our results indicate profound differences between patterns of gene expression in innate and adaptive immunity in man and mouse upon Mtb infection. We characterized differential expression of T-cell related genes corresponding to the differences in phenotype between tuberculosis (TB) highly and low susceptible mouse strains. Our approach is general and facilitates the choice of optimal animal model for studies of the human immune response to a particular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Domaszewska
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Scheuermann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Hahnke
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Mollenkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - January Weiner
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seemann F, Peterson DR, Chiang MWL, Au DWT. The development of cellular immune defence in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:81-89. [PMID: 28347744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally induced alterations of the immune system during sensitive developmental stages may manifest as abnormalities in immune organ configuration and/or immune cell differentiation. These not only render the early life stages more vulnerable to pathogens, but may also affect the adult immune competence. Knowledge of these sensitive periods in fish would provide an important prognostic/diagnostic tool for aquatic risk assessment of immunotoxicants. The marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is an emerging seawater fish model for immunotoxicology. Here, the presence and onset of four potentially sensitive periods during the development of innate and adaptive cellular immune defence were revealed in O. melastigma: 1.) initiation of phagocyte differentiation, 2.) migration and expansion of lymphoid progenitor cells, 3.) colonization of immune organs through lymphocyte progenitors and 4.) establishment of immune competence in the thymus. By using an established bacterial resistance assay for O. melastigma, larval immune competence (from newly hatched 1dph to 14dph) was found concomitantly increased with advanced thymus development and the presence of mature T-lymphocytes. A comparison between the marine O. melastigma and the freshwater counterpart Oryzias latipes disclosed a disparity in the T-lymphocyte maturation pattern, resulting in differences in the length of T-lymphocyte maturation. The results shed light on a potential difference between seawater and freshwater medaka in their sensitivity to environmental immunotoxicants. Further, medaka immune system development was compared and contrasted to economically important fish. The present study has provided a strong scientific basis for advanced investigation of critical windows for immune system development in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Drew Ryan Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Michael Wai Lun Chiang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Doris Wai Ting Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abdi K, Chen T, Klein BA, Tai AK, Coursen J, Liu X, Skinner J, Periasamy S, Choi Y, Kessler BM, Palmer RJ, Gittis A, Matzinger P, Duncan MJ, Singh NJ. Mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis evades innate immunity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182164. [PMID: 28771533 PMCID: PMC5542538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is home to unique resident microbial communities whose interactions with host immunity are less frequently studied than those of the intestinal microbiome. We examined the stimulatory capacity and the interactions of two oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), on Dendritic Cell (DC) activation, comparing them to the effects of the well-studied intestinal microbe Escherichia coli (E. coli). Unlike F. nucleatum and E. coli, P. gingivalis failed to activate DCs, and in fact silenced DC responses induced by F. nucleatum or E. coli. We identified a variant strain of P. gingivalis (W50) that lacked this immunomodulatory activity. Using biochemical approaches and whole genome sequencing to compare the two substrains, we found a point mutation in the hagA gene. This protein is though to be involved in the alteration of the PorSS/gingipain pathway, which regulates protein secretion into the extracellular environment. A proteomic comparison of the secreted products of the two substrains revealed enzymatic differences corresponding to this phenotype. We found that P. gingivalis secretes gingipain(s) that inactivate several key proinflammatory mediators made by DCs and/or T cells, but spare Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and GM-CSF, which can cause capillary leaks that serve as a source of the heme that P. gingivalis requires for its survival, and GM-CSF, which can cause epithelial-cell growth. Taken together, our results suggest that P. gingivalis has evolved potent mechanisms to modulate its virulence factors and dampen the innate immune response by selectively inactivating most proinflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Klein
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert K. Tai
- TUCF Genomics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jill Coursen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saravanan Periasamy
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Palmer
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Apostolos Gittis
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Polly Matzinger
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret J. Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nevil J. Singh
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Orme IM. Pillars Article: The Kinetics of Emergence and Loss of Mediator T Lymphocytes Acquired in Response to Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 1987. 138: 293-298. J Immunol 2017; 199:833-838. [PMID: 28739593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
|
33
|
Abstract
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of the life-threatening condition toxic shock syndrome in humans. Bacterial toxins known as superantigens (SAgs) generate this illness by acting as broad activators of a substantial fraction of all T lymphocytes, bypassing the normally highly stringent T-cell receptor antigen specificity to cause a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm in the host. In a new study, Shaler et al. found that immune cells called mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells make an unexpectedly large contribution to the SAg response in a largely T-cell receptor–independent, cytokine-driven manner. Subsequent to such activation, the MAIT cells remain unresponsive to stimulation with bacterial antigen. Thus, S. aureus hijacks MAIT cells in the cytokine storm and leaves them functionally impaired. This work provides new insight into the role of MAIT cells in antibacterial immunity and opens new avenues of investigation to understand and possibly treat bacterial toxic shock and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Norrby-Teglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Graustein AD, Horne DJ, Fong JJ, Schwarz F, Mefford HC, Peterson GJ, Wells RD, Musvosvi M, Shey M, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ, Thuong NTT, Mai NTH, Caws M, Bang ND, Dunstan SJ, Thwaites GE, Varki A, Angata T, Hawn TR. The SIGLEC14 null allele is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and BCG-induced clinical and immunologic outcomes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 104:38-45. [PMID: 28454648 PMCID: PMC7289319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have variable susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) and its outcomes. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are members of the sialic-acid binding lectin family that regulate immune responses to pathogens through inhibitory (Siglec-5) and activating (Siglec-14) domains. The SIGLEC14 coding sequence is deleted in a high proportion of individuals, placing a SIGLEC5-like gene under the expression of the SIGLEC14 promoter (the SIGLEC14 null allele) and causing expression of a Siglec-5 like protein in monocytes and macrophages. We hypothesized that the SIGLEC14 null allele was associated with Mtb replication in monocytes, T-cell responses to the BCG vaccine, and clinical susceptibility to TB. The SIGLEC14 null allele was associated with protection from TB meningitis in Vietnamese adults but not with pediatric TB in South Africa. The null allele was associated with increased IL-2 and IL-17 production following ex-vivo BCG stimulation of blood from 10 week-old South African infants vaccinated with BCG at birth. Mtb replication was increased in THP-1 cells overexpressing either Siglec-5 or Siglec-14 relative to controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between SIGLEC expression and clinical TB, Mtb replication, or BCG-specific T-cell cytokines.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Child, Preschool
- Cytokines/immunology
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Male
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/microbiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- South Africa
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- THP-1 Cells
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vietnam
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerry J Fong
- Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Maxine Caws
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duc Bang
- Pham Ngoc Thac Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sarah J Dunstan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ajit Varki
- Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium that colonizes the hostile microniche of the human stomach, then persists for the host’s entire life, if not effectively treated. Clinically, H. pylori plays a causative role in the development of a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Due to the global distribution of H. pylori, it is no exaggeration to conclude that smart strategies are contributing to adaptation of the bacterium to its permanent host. Thirty-four years after the discovery of this bacterium, there are still many unanswered questions. For example, which strategies help the bacterium to survive in this inhospitable microniche? This question is slightly easier to answer if we presume the same clinical concept for both persistent infection and disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing H. pylori persistence will improve identification of the increased risk of diseases such as gastric cancer in patients infected with this bacterium. A well-defined and long-term equilibrium between the human host and H. pylori allows bacterial persistence in the gastric microniche; although this coexistence leads to a high risk of severe diseases such as gastric cancer. To escape the bactericidal activity of stomach acid, H. pylori secretes large amounts of surface-associated and cytosolic urease. The potential to avoid acidic conditions and immune evasion are discussed in order to explain the persistence of H. pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa, and data on bacterial genetic diversity are included. Information on the mechanisms related to H. pylori persistence can also provide the direction for future research concerning effective therapy and management of gastroduodenal disorders. The topics presented in the current review are important for elucidating the strategies used by H. pylori to help the bacterium persist in relation to the immune system and the many unfavorable features of living in the gastric microniche.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rukkawattanakul T, Sookrung N, Seesuay W, Onlamoon N, Diraphat P, Chaicumpa W, Indrawattana N. Human scFvs That Counteract Bioactivities of Staphylococcus aureus TSST-1. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9020050. [PMID: 28218671 PMCID: PMC5331430 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Staphylococcus aureus isolates produced toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) which is a pyrogenic toxin superantigen (PTSAg). The toxin activates a large fraction of peripheral blood T lymphocytes causing the cells to proliferate and release massive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to a life-threatening multisystem disorder: toxic shock syndrome (TSS). PTSAg-mediated-T cell stimulation circumvents the conventional antigenic peptide presentation to T cell receptor (TCR) by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Instead, intact PTSAg binds directly to MHC-II molecule outside peptide binding cleft and simultaneously cross-links TCR-Vβ region. Currently, there is neither specific TSS treatment nor drug that directly inactivates TSST-1. In this study, human single chain antibodies (HuscFvs) that bound to and neutralized bioactivities of the TSST-1 were generated using phage display technology. Three E. coli clones transfected with TSST-1-bound phages fished-out from the human scFv library using recombinant TSST-1 as bait expressed TSST-1-bound-HuscFvs that inhibited the TSST-1-mediated T cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions and productions.Computerized simulation, verified by mutations of the residues of HuscFv complementarity determining regions (CDRs),predicted to involve in target binding indicated that the HuscFvs formed interface contact with the toxin residues important for immunopathogenesis. The HuscFvs have high potential for future therapeutic application.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Bacterial Toxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/metabolism
- Cell Surface Display Techniques
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enterotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enterotoxins/genetics
- Enterotoxins/immunology
- Enterotoxins/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Shock, Septic/immunology
- Shock, Septic/metabolism
- Shock, Septic/microbiology
- Shock, Septic/prevention & control
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
- Single-Chain Antibodies/pharmacology
- Staphylococcal Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/metabolism
- Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
- Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
- Staphylococcus aureus/genetics
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
- Superantigens/genetics
- Superantigens/immunology
- Superantigens/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thunchanok Rukkawattanakul
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Watee Seesuay
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Pornphan Diraphat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Masarova L, Kantarjian H, Garcia-Mannero G, Ravandi F, Sharma P, Daver N. Harnessing the Immune System Against Leukemia: Monoclonal Antibodies and Checkpoint Strategies for AML. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 995:73-95. [PMID: 28321813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53156-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia among adults and is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in patients with adverse prognostic factors, older age, or relapsed disease. The last decade has seen a surge in successful immune-based therapies in various solid tumors; however, the role of immune therapies in AML remains poorly defined. This chapter describes the rationale, clinical data, and toxicity profiles of immune-based therapeutic modalities in AML including naked and conjugated monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T-cell engager antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, and checkpoint blockade via blockade of PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4. Monoclonal antibodies commonly used in AML therapy target highly expressed "leukemia" surface antigens and include (1) naked antibodies against common myeloid markers such as anti-CD33 (e.g., lintuzumab), (2) antibody-drug conjugates linked to either, (a) a highly potent toxin such as calicheamicin, pyrrolobenzodiazepine, maytansine, or others in various anti-CD33 (gemtuzumab ozogamicin, SGN 33A), anti-123 (SL-401), and anti-CD56 (lorvotuzumab mertansine) formulations, or (b) radioactive particles, such as 131I, 213Bi, or 225Ac-labeled anti-CD33 or CD45 antibodies. Novel monoclonal antibodies that recruit and promote proximity-induced cytotoxicity of tumor cells by T cells (bispecific T-cell engager [BiTE] such as anti CD33/CD3, e.g., AMG 330) or block immune checkpoint pathways such as CTLA4 (e.g., ipilimumab) or PD1/PD-L1 (e.g., nivolumab) unleashing the patients T cells to fight leukemic cells are being evaluated in clinical trials in patients with AML. The numerous ongoing clinical trials with immunotherapies in AML will improve our understanding of the biology of AML and allow us to determine the best approaches to immunotherapy in AML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Tumor Microenvironment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Immunotherapy Platform, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Czaja AJ. Factoring the intestinal microbiome into the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9257-9278. [PMID: 27895415 PMCID: PMC5107691 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is a reservoir of microbial antigens and activated immune cells. The aims of this review were to describe the role of the intestinal microbiome in generating innate and adaptive immune responses, indicate how these responses contribute to the development of systemic immune-mediated diseases, and encourage investigations that improve the understanding and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) can disrupt intestinal and systemic immune tolerances for commensal bacteria. Toll-like receptors within the intestine can recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns and shape subsets of T helper lymphocytes that may cross-react with host antigens (molecular mimicry). Activated gut-derived lymphocytes can migrate to lymph nodes, and gut-derived microbial antigens can translocate to extra-intestinal sites. Inflammasomes can form within hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, and they can drive the pro-inflammatory, immune-mediated, and fibrotic responses. Diet, designer probiotics, vitamin supplements, re-colonization methods, antibiotics, drugs that decrease intestinal permeability, and molecular interventions that block signaling pathways may emerge as adjunctive regimens that complement conventional immunosuppressive management. In conclusion, investigations of the intestinal microbiome are warranted in autoimmune hepatitis and promise to clarify pathogenic mechanisms and suggest alternative management strategies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang WD, Gao YC, Lu YB, Zhang JA, Liu GB, Kong B, Xiang WY, Dai YC, Yu SY, Jia Y, Fu XX, Yi LL, Zheng BY, Chen ZW, Zhong J, Xu JF. BTLA-expressing CD11c antigen presenting cells in patients with active tuberculosis exhibit low capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation. Cell Immunol 2016; 311:28-35. [PMID: 27717503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite past extensive studies on B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-mediated negative regulation of T cell activation, the role of BTLA in antigen presenting cells (APCs) in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that BTLA expression on CD11c APCs increased in patients with ATB. Particularly, BTLA expression in CD11c APCs was likely associated with the attenuated stimulatory capacity on T cells (especially CD8+ T cell) proliferation. BTLA-expressing CD11c APCs showed lower antigen uptake capacity, lower CD86 expression, higher HLA-DR expression, and enhanced IL-6 secretion, compared to counterpart BTLA negative CD11c APCs in healthy controls (HC). Interestingly, BTLA-expressing CD11c APCs from ATB patients displayed lower expression of HLA-DR and less IL-6 secretion, but higher expression of CD86 than those from HC volunteers. Mixed lymphocyte reaction suggests that BTLA expression is likely associated with positive rather than conventional negative regulation of CD11c APCs stimulatory capacity. This role is impaired in ATB patients manifested by low expression of HLA-DR and low production of IL-6. This previous unappreciated role for BTLA may have implications in the prevention and treatment of patients with ATB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Gao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6thHospital, Dongguan 523008, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - You-Chao Dai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shi-Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Fu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6thHospital, Dongguan 523008, China
| | - Bin-Ying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Intestinal microbes have profound effects on inflammatory autoimmunity in sites distant from the gut. The mechanisms whereby this happens are only now beginning to be understood and may include such diverse effects as innate stimulation of migrating immune cells and effects of circulating bacterial metabolites. Our studies add to this the demonstration that microbiota may provide a source of cross-reactive antigenic material that activates autoreactive lymphocytes within the gut environment. In a spontaneous model of autoimmune uveitis, T lymphocytes specific to a retinal autoantigen are activated through their specific antigen receptor in the gut and acquire the ability to fuel inflammatory autoimmunity in the eye. In view of the huge diversity of commensals, it is conceivable that they may provide surrogate antigens for activation of autoreactive lymphocytes(s) of other tissue specificities, and might therefore be involved in the etiology of autoimmune diseases more frequently than is currently appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- 1 Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reiko Horai
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- 2 Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hempel RJ, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR. Transcriptional Profiling of Ileocecal Valve of Holstein Dairy Cows Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153932. [PMID: 27093613 PMCID: PMC4836751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease is a chronic infection of the small intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), an intracellular bacterium. The events of pathogen survival within the host cell(s), chronic inflammation and the progression from asymptomatic subclinical stage to an advanced clinical stage of infection, are poorly understood. This study examines gene expression in the ileocecal valve (ICV) of Holstein dairy cows at different stages of MAP infection. The ICV is known to be a primary site of MAP colonization and provides an ideal location to identify genes that are relevant to the progression of this disease. RNA was prepared from ICV tissues and RNA-Seq was used to compare gene transcription between clinical, subclinical, and uninfected control animals. Interpretation of the gene expression data was performed using pathway analysis and gene ontology categories containing multiple differentially expressed genes. Results demonstrated that many of the pathways that had strong differential gene expression between uninfected control and clinical cows were related to the immune system, such as the T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling, and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways. In contrast, the comparison of gene transcription between control and subclinical cows identified pathways that were primarily involved in metabolism. The results from the comparison between clinical and subclinical animals indicate recruitment of neutrophils, up regulation of lysosomal peptidases, increase in immune cell transendothelial migration, and modifications of the extracelluar matrix. This study provides important insight into how cattle respond to a natural MAP infection at the gene transcription level within a key target tissue for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy J. Hempel
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John P. Bannantine
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marino S, Gideon HP, Gong C, Mankad S, McCrone JT, Lin PL, Linderman JJ, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE. Computational and Empirical Studies Predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific T Cells as a Biomarker for Infection Outcome. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004804. [PMID: 27065304 PMCID: PMC4827839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing challenge in developing immunological correlates of infection outcome and protection. Biomarker discovery is also necessary for aiding design and testing of new treatments and vaccines. To effectively predict biomarkers for infection progression in any disease, including TB, large amounts of experimental data are required to reach statistical power and make accurate predictions. We took a two-pronged approach using both experimental and computational modeling to address this problem. We first collected 200 blood samples over a 2- year period from 28 non-human primates (NHP) infected with a low dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We identified T cells and the cytokines that they were producing (single and multiple) from each sample along with monkey status and infection progression data. Machine learning techniques were used to interrogate the experimental NHP datasets without identifying any potential TB biomarker. In parallel, we used our extensive novel NHP datasets to build and calibrate a multi-organ computational model that combines what is occurring at the site of infection (e.g., lung) at a single granuloma scale with blood level readouts that can be tracked in monkeys and humans. We then generated a large in silico repository of in silico granulomas coupled to lymph node and blood dynamics and developed an in silico tool to scale granuloma level results to a full host scale to identify what best predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes. The analysis of in silico blood measures identifies Mtb-specific frequencies of effector T cell phenotypes at various time points post infection as promising indicators of infection outcome. We emphasize that pairing wetlab and computational approaches holds great promise to accelerate TB biomarker discovery. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is caused by infection after inhaling the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. As a result, two TB-related conditions have been categorized: latent TB infection (not sick but still harboring the bacteria) and active TB disease. If not treated properly, active TB disease can be fatal. Almost 1.3 million die of TB worldwide each year, with ~8,6 million new infections in 2013. No effective vaccine is available to protect against TB and treatment of infection with multiple antibiotics is lengthy (6–9 months), with non-compliance being a major factor for the emergence of drug-resistant strains. A key step in developing effective vaccines and possibly shorter treatment regimens is the ability to identify biomarkers that correlate prognosis and progression to infection (similar to how cholesterol levels are a measure of heart health). In this study we show how pairing computer modeling, statistics and mathematics with datasets derived from non-human primate studies can accelerate biomarker discovery, and offer a new approach to identifying correlates of protection that will be useful in clinical practice, particularly in developing countries where TB is most prevalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chang Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shawn Mankad
- Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John T. McCrone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Torabi Goudarzi S, Hajivalili M, Hosseini M, Ghafari Khamene M, Yazdani Y, Sadreddini S, Miahipour A, Younesi V, Yousefi M. Tetanus neurotoxin HCC protein commits T cells to IFN-γ producing cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:20-24. [PMID: 27064869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A protective response against tetanus toxin and toxoid demands efficient specific T cell and B cell responses. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), a 150 kDa polypeptide, is the main cause of tetanus disease. TeNT consists of two structurally distinct chains, a 50 kDa N-terminal light (L) and a 100 kDa C-terminal heavy (H) chain. C-terminal heavy (H) chain (fragment C) has two sub-domains named as proximal HCN and carboxy sub-domain or HCC. Beside neural binding property, HCC has been recently found as an immunodominant module of TeNT. In the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant HCC (rHCC) on the expression of lineage specific transcription factors and secretion of a panel of functional cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 from purified human T cells. Our results revealed that T-bet transcript level, as TH1 specific transcription factor, was significantly increased in the cells treated with 10 and 20 µg/ml of rHCC following 48 h treatment(p<0.05). Treated purified human T cells with rHCC showed significant increase in IFN-γ mRNA level and cytokine secretion, but not IL-4 and IL-17, following 48 h treatment. In conclusion, our results showed that treatment of T cells with r HCC resulted in development of Th1 lineage phenotype, which might lead to a specific and protective antibody mediated response against tetanus toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Torabi Goudarzi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz Iran
| | - M Hajivalili
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz Iran
| | - M Hosseini
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research Center Tabriz Iran
| | - M Ghafari Khamene
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research Center Tabriz Iran
| | - Y Yazdani
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center Gorgan Iran
| | - S Sadreddini
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research Center Tabriz Iran
| | - A Miahipour
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Karaj Iran
| | - V Younesi
- Avicenna research institute, ACESR Monoclonal antibody research center Tehran Iran
| | - M Yousefi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages play a large role in the innate immune response of the lung. However, when these highly immune-regulatory cells are unable to eradicate pathogens, the adaptive immune system, which includes activated macrophages and lymphocytes, particularly T cells, is called upon to control the pathogens. This collection of immune cells surrounds, isolates and quarantines the pathogen, forming a small tissue structure called a granuloma for intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the present work we develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of a granuloma by a system of partial differential equations. The 'strength' of the adaptive immune response to infection in the lung is represented by a parameter α, the flux rate by which T cells and M1 macrophages that immigrated from the lymph nodes enter into the granuloma through its boundary. The parameter α is negatively correlated with the 'switching time', namely, the time it takes for the number of M1 type macrophages to surpass the number of infected, M2 type alveolar macrophages. Simulations of the model show that as α increases the radius of the granuloma and bacterial load in the granuloma both decrease. The model is used to determine the efficacy of potential host-directed therapies in terms of the parameter α, suggesting that, with fixed dosing level, an infected individual with a stronger immune response will receive greater benefits in terms of reducing the bacterial load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Hao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology & Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute & Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cassady-Cain RL, Blackburn EA, Alsarraf H, Dedic E, Bease AG, Böttcher B, Jørgensen R, Wear M, Stevens MP. Biophysical Characterization and Activity of Lymphostatin, a Multifunctional Virulence Factor of Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5803-5816. [PMID: 26786100 PMCID: PMC4786716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.709600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli cause diarrhea and typically produce lymphostatin (LifA), an inhibitor of mitogen-activated proliferation of lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. A near-identical factor (Efa1) has been reported to mediate adherence of E. coli to epithelial cells. An amino-terminal region of LifA shares homology with the catalytic domain of the large clostridial toxins, which are retaining glycosyltransferases with a DXD motif involved in binding of a metal ion. Understanding the mode(s) of action of lymphostatin has been constrained by difficulties obtaining a stably transformed plasmid expression clone. We constructed a tightly inducible clone of enteropathogenic E. coli O127:H6 lifA for affinity purification of lymphostatin. The purified protein inhibited mitogen-activated proliferation of bovine T lymphocytes in the femtomolar range. It is a monomer in solution and the molecular envelope was determined using both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering. Domain architecture was further studied by limited proteolysis. The largest proteolytic fragment containing the putative glycosyltransferase domain was tested in isolation for activity against T cells, and was not sufficient for activity. Tryptophan fluorescence studies indicated thatlymphostatin binds uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) but not UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc). Substitution of the predicted DXD glycosyltransferase motif with alanine residues abolished UDP-GlcNAc binding and lymphostatin activity, although other biophysical properties were unchanged. The data indicate that lymphostatin has UDP-sugar binding potential that is critical for activity, and is a major leap toward identifying the nature and consequences of modifications of host cell factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Cassady-Cain
- From the Roslin Institute, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- the Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology (CTCB), University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom, and
| | - Husam Alsarraf
- the Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Emil Dedic
- the Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Andrew G Bease
- From the Roslin Institute, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- the Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology (CTCB), University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom, and
| | - René Jørgensen
- the Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Martin Wear
- the Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology (CTCB), University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom, and
| | - Mark P Stevens
- From the Roslin Institute, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom,.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Han J, Zeng F, Zhou Y. The Value of T-SPOT.TB in Early Diagnosis of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2016; 32:336-341. [PMID: 26847101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of T-SPOT.TB in the diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis. METHODS This study included in January 2010 to October 2014 in the three gorges university during the first clinical medical college of final 283 diagnosed with tracheal bronchus TB patients (including 273 patients with pathological biopsy diagnosis and 10 called suspected TB patients), at the same time will be 283 active TB patients as a parallel control group included in this study. They were all given traditional detection methods acid fast stain and diseased tissue pathological biopsy and the new detection method T-SPOT.TB. RESULTS Sputum smear acid-fast stain sensitivity rate is 39.2% (111/283), typical TB diseased tissue pathology biopsy pathology morphology of 221 cases (78.1%), tend to TB 52 cases (18.4%),while T-SPOT. TB testing sensitivity and speciality rate is 93.6% (265/283) and 85.1% (241/283), which is much higher then the former two. CONCLUSION T-SPOT.TB can provide important basis for the diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis.It is the fastest and most accu-rate method in the diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Minota S. [Gut Microbiota and Internal Diseases: Update Information. Topics: V. Gut Microbiota: Topics in Various Medical Fields; 2. Possible causal relationship of microbiota to rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 104:71-4. [PMID: 26571777 DOI: 10.2169/naika.104.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
48
|
Onoprienko NN, Aronova NV, Pavlovich NV. [ROLE OF VARIOUS ANTIGENIC PREPARATIONS OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS IN FORMATION OF ALLERGY REACTION IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2016:22-29. [PMID: 27029112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study the role of LPS in induction of anti-tularemia immunity in humans and animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activity of various antigenic preparations of tularemia microbe, including highly purified from protein and S- and R-LPS, was studied using leukocytolysis reaction with blood of vaccinated humans and guinea pigs and skin allergy test (guinea pigs). RESULTS Only the whole cells of Francisella tularensis, killed in protein non-denaturating conditions and conserving full S-LPS structure (tularin⁺) were shown to be inductors of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Alterations in LPS structure (tularin⁻) results in a significant decrease, and denaturation of bacterial proteins (during boiling) results in a complete loss of immune stimulating properties of the preparations. Purified LPS preparations and O-polysaccharide fraction of S-LPS are not able to activate cell-mediated immunity. CONCLUSION The presence of LPS with the full structure affects the ability of antigenic preparations of F. tularensis to cause allergic reactions, and thus, form cell-mediated antitularemia immunity. LPS of F. tularensis can not be excluded as an adjuvant and provides the most effective presentation of epitopes of protein molecules for interaction with receptors of T-lymphocytes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/chemistry
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Francisella tularensis/drug effects
- Francisella tularensis/immunology
- Francisella tularensis/pathogenicity
- Guinea Pigs
- Hot Temperature
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/chemically induced
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/microbiology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Skin Tests
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Tularemia/immunology
- Tularemia/microbiology
- Tularemia/mortality
- Tularemia/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated
Collapse
|
49
|
Chung HC, Kim BK, Hong H, Wang HY, Kim Y, Lee H, Eom M, Choi EH. Interferon-γ Release Assay and Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay: Diagnostic Role in Cutaneous Tuberculosis. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:126-7. [PMID: 26084370 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Chul Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Krause V. Policy recommendation: latent tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in children in immigration detention. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2015; 39:E597-E598. [PMID: 26779733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Krause
- Director, Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Ground Floor, Building 4, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory
| |
Collapse
|